192:, who was not himself at the time a member of the IWW. Ettor instantly called on all his skills, including his ability to speak five languages, to rally the strikers. On his first afternoon in Lawrence, he addressed thousands of strikers, fostering solidarity and discouraging violence. "All the blood that is spilled in a strike is your blood," he told strikers. Denouncing the mill owners, sympathizing with the toil of textile workers, Ettor called for an even larger walkout. "Monday morning you have got to close the mills that you have caused to shut down, tighter than you have them now." Ettor then set up fourteen strike committees based on nationality, and began meeting daily with everyone from the mayor of Lawrence to the various strikers in committee. Mill owners instantly recognized Ettor's power and tried to discredit him by planting dynamite in a store where he picked up his mail. But the plot was quickly detected and Ettor continued organizing the strike.
160:
31:
109:(IWW) in 1906 as an organizer, continuing in that capacity for the next decade. An outstanding and inspirational public speaker who was fluent in Italian and English, Ettor's earliest organizing work on behalf of the IWW took place in the Western United States, where he had worked unionizing miners and migrant laborers. He also had cut his teeth organizing foreign-born workers in the steel mills and shoe factories of the East. Ettor was active in the 1907 lumber strike in
133:
418:
445:
47:
140:
depicts an IWW organizing drive as "a volcano of hate stirred into active eruption at Akron, by alien hands, which pour into the crater the disturbing acids and alkalis of greed, class hatred and anarchy. From the mouth of the pit rise poisonous clouds of suspicion, malice and envy to pollute the
156:, posted new rules limiting the hours of workers to 54 a week, down from a standard of 56 previously in effect. It soon became clear that the employers had no intention of adjusting wage rates upwards to compensate for the lost work time, and a strike ensued.
207:
was charged with the murder and Ettor and
Giovannitti, both of whom were giving speeches several miles away from the crime scene, were arrested as accomplices. The three were eventually acquitted in a trial before Salem judge
171:
On
January 12, 1912, the Italian language branch of IWW Local 20 decided to send to New York City for Joe Ettor, the organization's top Italian language leader, to come to Lawrence and lead the strike. Ettor arrived with
141:
air, while from the cracked and breaking sides of the groaning mountain flow streams of lava of murder, anarchy and destruction, threatening to engulf in their path the fair cities and fertile farms of Ohio."
458:
The Trial of a New
Society: Being a Review of the Celebrated Ettor-Giovannitti-Caruso Case, Beginning with the Lawrence Textile Strike that Caused it and Including the General Strike that Grew Out of It.
238:, took the position that while the union did not favor violence, it would not shy away from its use if necessary to accomplish the social revolution. Ettor, on the other hand, shared the orientation of
97:. Ettor went to work at the age of 12 selling newspapers. He later worked as a waterboy on a railroad, as a saw-filer in a lumber mill, as a barrel-maker, as a shipyard worker, and in a cigar factory.
384:
Unionismo industriale e trade-unionismo: Puo' un socialista e industrialista far parte dell' A.F. of L.? : resoconto stenografico del contradittorio tra Joseph J. Ettor ed Arturo Caroti
515:
520:
510:
505:
106:
65:
465:
253:
Ettor became a member of the executive council of the IWW. In 1916, he left the IWW along with Flynn after a dispute over the
164:
145:
In 1908, Ettor was named to the governing
General Executive Board of the IWW, remaining in that capacity until 1914.
185:
177:
230:
The question of violence was a perennial matter of discussion and debate within the IWW. Some, like
Giovannitti,
239:
266:
114:
318:
History of the Labor
Movement of the United States: Volume 4: The Industrial Workers of the World, 1905-1917.
431:
423:
153:
118:
69:
231:
216:
68:. Ettor is best remembered as a defendant in a controversial trial related to a killing in the seminal
159:
500:
495:
85:
Joseph James Ettor, known to his friends as "Joe" or "Smiling Joe," was born on
October 6, 1885, in
30:
181:
452:
224:
173:
126:
39:
132:
46:
405:
Viking, New York, 2005—The only full-length narrative of the 1912 textile strike in
Lawrence.
242:
that the only kind of force to which the organization could lend its name was the use of the
235:
110:
58:
467:
Speech of
William D. Haywood on the Case of Ettor and Giovannitti, Cooper Union, New York.
209:
196:
243:
489:
456:
220:
204:
86:
35:
254:
200:
149:
122:
480:
446:
Radicals of the Worst Sort: Laboring Women in
Lawrence, Massachusetts, 1860-1912
61:
64:
organizer who, in the middle-1910s, was one of the leading public faces of the
413:
247:
90:
17:
389:
Debate with Arturo Caroti. Chicago: Industrial Workers of the World, n.d. .
72:
of 1912, in which he was acquitted of charges of having been an accessory.
403:
Bread and Roses: Mills, Migrants, and The Struggle for the American Dream,
350:
Bread and Roses: Mills, Migrants, and The Struggle for the American Dream,
417:
395:
Chicago : Industrial Workers of the World Pub. Bureau, 1913. —
158:
131:
94:
45:
29:
136:
Employers feared "Ettorism". This 1913 anti-union cartoon from
366:
History of the Labor Movement of the United States: Volume 4,
334:
History of the Labor Movement of the United States: Volume 4,
148:
On January 1, 1912, in accordance with a new state law, the
296:
Solon DeLeon with Irma C. Hayssen and Grace Poole (eds.),
470:
Lawrence, MA: Ettor-Giovannitti Defense Committee, n.d. .
117:
and another lesser-known steel strike later that year in
320:New York: International Publishers, 1965; pg. 317.
195:During the walkout, which came to be known as the
163:Joe Ettor addresses striking Brooklyn barbers in
42:, his co-defendants in the 1912 Lawrence trial
449:(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993).
382:
265:In later years, Ettor ran a fruit orchard in
8:
360:
358:
344:
342:
328:
326:
312:
310:
308:
306:
393:Industrial Unionism: The Road to Freedom.
516:Industrial Workers of the World leaders
278:
300:New York: Hanford Press, 1925; pg. 67.
292:
290:
288:
286:
284:
282:
188:and editor of the socialist newspaper
521:Trade unionists from New York (state)
7:
215:Ettor was one of the leaders of the
461:: I.W.W. Publishing Bureau, n.d., .
511:American people of Italian descent
25:
416:
129:shoe factory strike in 1910–11.
55:Joseph James "Smiling Joe" Ettor
34:J.J. Ettor (center), flanked by
107:Industrial Workers of the World
105:Joe Ettor went to work for the
89:, the son of a laborer who had
66:Industrial Workers of the World
125:coal miners in 1909–10, and a
1:
397:also translated into Swedish.
298:The American Labor Who's Who.
50:Signature of Ettor, ca. 1913.
178:Italian Socialist Federation
165:Union Square, New York City
537:
186:Socialist Party of America
506:American anti-capitalists
269:, where he died in 1948.
267:San Clemente, California
227:barbers strike of 1913.
115:1909 McKees Rocks Strike
432:Lawrence textile strike
424:Organized labour portal
154:Lawrence, Massachusetts
119:Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
70:Lawrence Textile Strike
383:
232:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
217:Waiters strike of 1912
197:Bread and Roses Strike
168:
142:
51:
43:
246:for the overthrow of
203:was shot and killed.
162:
138:The American Employer
135:
49:
33:
27:American labor leader
464:William D. Haywood,
182:language federation
176:, secretary of the
57:(1885–1948) was an
240:"Big Bill" Haywood
174:Arturo Giovannitti
169:
143:
52:
44:
40:Arturo Giovannitti
316:Philip S. Foner,
16:(Redirected from
528:
426:
421:
420:
386:
369:
362:
353:
346:
337:
330:
321:
314:
301:
294:
261:Death and legacy
236:Vincent St. John
111:Portland, Oregon
93:to America from
59:Italian-American
21:
536:
535:
531:
530:
529:
527:
526:
525:
486:
485:
477:
443:Ardis Cameron,
440:
438:Further reading
422:
415:
412:
401:Watson, Bruce,
378:
373:
372:
363:
356:
348:Watson, Bruce,
347:
340:
331:
324:
315:
304:
295:
280:
275:
263:
210:Joseph F. Quinn
167:, May 17, 1913.
103:
83:
78:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
534:
532:
524:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
488:
487:
484:
483:
476:
475:External links
473:
472:
471:
462:
450:
439:
436:
435:
434:
428:
427:
411:
408:
407:
406:
399:
390:
377:
374:
371:
370:
354:
338:
322:
302:
277:
276:
274:
271:
262:
259:
244:general strike
199:, IWW striker
121:, a strike of
102:
99:
82:
79:
77:
74:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
533:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
491:
482:
481:Spartacus Bio
479:
478:
474:
469:
468:
463:
460:
459:
454:
451:
448:
447:
442:
441:
437:
433:
430:
429:
425:
419:
414:
409:
404:
400:
398:
394:
391:
388:
385:
380:
379:
375:
367:
361:
359:
355:
351:
345:
343:
339:
335:
329:
327:
323:
319:
313:
311:
309:
307:
303:
299:
293:
291:
289:
287:
285:
283:
279:
272:
270:
268:
260:
258:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
228:
226:
222:
221:New York City
218:
213:
211:
206:
205:Joseph Caruso
202:
198:
193:
191:
190:Il Proletario
187:
183:
179:
175:
166:
161:
157:
155:
151:
150:textile mills
146:
139:
134:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
100:
98:
96:
92:
88:
87:New York City
80:
75:
73:
71:
67:
63:
60:
56:
48:
41:
37:
36:Joseph Caruso
32:
19:
466:
457:
453:Justus Ebert
444:
402:
396:
392:
381:
365:
349:
333:
317:
297:
264:
255:Mesabi range
252:
229:
214:
201:Anna LoPizzo
194:
189:
170:
147:
144:
137:
123:Pennsylvania
104:
101:Union career
84:
54:
53:
18:Joseph Ettor
501:1948 deaths
496:1885 births
81:Early years
62:trade union
490:Categories
248:capitalism
223:, and the
273:Footnotes
91:emigrated
76:Biography
410:See also
368:pg. 164.
336:pg. 315.
257:strike.
225:Brooklyn
127:Brooklyn
364:Foner,
352:pg. 59.
332:Foner,
184:of the
234:, and
113:, the
376:Works
95:Italy
180:, a
38:and
219:in
152:of
492::
455:,
357:^
341:^
325:^
305:^
281:^
250:.
212:.
387:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
