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both in the West and the East have acquired a bad habit: having lost their Gau, they defend themselves in long memoranda seeking to prove that they were in no way responsible. For instance there is another one of these exposés, this time from Grohé. It is not in the least convincing. Despite a series
940:
Birte
Klarzyk: Vom NSDAP-Gauleiter zum bundesdeutschen Biedermann: der Fall Josef Grohé. in: Jost Dülffer, Margit Szöllösi-Janze (Hg.): Schlagschatten auf das "braune Köln". Die NS-Zeit und danach (Veröffentlichungen des Kölnischen Geschichtsvereins e. V., Bd. 49) SH-Verlag, Köln 2010,
646:
and managed to evade capture until he was arrested by the
British occupation authorities on 22 August 1946. Turned over to Belgian authorities on 7 May 1947, he was sent back to Germany on 30 September 1949 without having been prosecuted. On 18 September 1950, he was sentenced to
481:
from electoral constituency 20, Cologne-Aachen. He would continue to hold these seats until the end of the Nazi regime. On 17 November 1934, came his appointment as
Prussian Provincial Councilor for Rhine Province. In September 1935, he became a member of the
493:
and intensified attacks on Jews as a means to raise support for the Party among the lower middle classes. He also called for physical attacks on anyone ignoring the boycott and continuing to patronize Jewish businesses. Unlike most all other
595:
militia units in his Gau. In early March 1945, Grohé ordered the demolition of five large bridges over the Rhine. On 6 March 1945 he abandoned
Cologne, crossing the Rhine via motorboat ahead of advancing US forces. A fanatical follower of
420:(West German Observer). On 17 November 1929 he became a city councilor in Cologne and chairman of the Nazi faction in that body. On 1 June 1931 when the Rhineland Gau was divided in two, he was promoted to
1045:
561:. It resulted in the deaths of over 450 people in Cologne and approximately 45,000 were left homeless. On 16 November 1942, the jurisdiction of the Reich Defense Commissioners was changed from the
1090:
1035:
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581:. However, his reign was short, as from September 1944 the territory's liberation by the Allied armies had begun and Grohé effectively could exercise no authority; on 15 December the
549:. Although charged with responsibility for civil defense measures, there was little Grohé could do to protect his jurisdiction from Allied air attacks, though he was awarded the
973:
Horst
Wallraff: Josef Grohé (1902–1987), Gauleiter der NSDAP. Portal Rheinische Geschichte des Landschaftsverband Rheinland (mit Bildern) 6 May 2011; retrieved 10 November 2019.
575:
339:
154:
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of pompous declarations, Grohé has not defended his Gau. He deserted it before the civil population had been removed and now wants to present himself as a great hero.
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1080:
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of
November 1923. When the ban was lifted and the party was re-founded, Grohé immediately rejoined it on 27 February 1925. On 17 July he succeeded
416:
of Gau
Southern Rhineland, also serving as Gau business manager. In 1926 he became the editor-in-chief and publisher of the Nazi newspaper, the
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818:
757:
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468:
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in 1918, but was refused for being underage. He attended business school from 1919 to 1921 and worked as a clerk in the hardware industry.
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874:
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in 1922. He worked as a purchasing agent in a factory, and participated in armed resistance and acts of sabotage against the French
999:
1055:
693:
513:
225:
1095:
700:. Grohé remained dedicated to the Nazi cause for the rest of his life and showed no remorse. He died on 27 December 1987.
970:
Helge Jonas Pösche: Josef Grohé – ein
Gauleiter als Held der Familie. In: Geschichte in Köln, Bd. 58, 2011, S. 123–156.
990:
730:
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in early 1923 but returned to
Cologne in October and resumed his employment. There in early 1924 he co-founded the
680:
After being released from imprisonment, he continued his professional career as a sales representative for German
616:
where he stayed until the end of the war before returning to western
Germany. In his diary entry of 3 April 1945,
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Hugh Trevor-Roper (editor), Final Entries, 1945: The Diaries of Joseph Goebbels, Avon Books, 1978, pp. 374-375,
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391:
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Dietrich Orlow, The History of the Nazi Party: 1933-1945, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1973, p. 382,
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first class with Swords for his efforts in assisting the residents of his Gau in the wake of the raids.
436:
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546:
542:
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Grohé was already active in anti-democratic and racist organizations as an adolescent. He joined the
355:
1025:
463:
229:
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Hitlers Politische Generale. Die Gauleiter des Dritten Reiches: ein biographisches Nachschlagewerk
752:. Vol. I (Herbert Albrecht – H. Wilhelm Huttmann). R. James Bender Publishing. p. 397.
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684:. Between 1951 and 1953, he was associated with the group of former Nazis known as the
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374:, and became a member of the Nazi Party in March 1922. He was co-founder of the Nazi
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Daniel Meis: Josef Grohé (1902 - 1987) - ein politisches Leben? wvb, Berlin 2020,
428:, a post he would retain until April 1945. On 24 April 1932 he was elected to the
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for being a part of the political leadership of the Nazi Party. He had known of
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609:
453:
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Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925-1945
439:, Grohé was involved in leading the overthrow of the elected government in the
41:
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A virulent anti-Semite, during speeches in March 1935 Grohé advocated renewed
407:
319:
267:
129:
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Rolf Zerlett: Josef Grohé. In: Rheinische Lebensbilder 17 (1997), S. 247–276.
813:
Ian Kershaw, Hitler: A Biography, W.W. Norton & Co., 2008, pp. 340-341,
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on 30–31 March 1942 was the first thousand-bomber air raid conducted by the
538:
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612:. Finally on 8 April he dissolved his Gau organization and fled toward the
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Grohé was born the son of a farmer and shopkeeper. He tried to join the
490:
379:
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387:
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to the Gau level, and he remained Commissioner for only his Gau.
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of Cologne and served for a time as its local business manager.
585:
was formally dissolved. Also in September 1944 Grohé, like all
884:
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771:
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533:(Military District) VI which comprised his Gau together with
457:(lord mayor) of Cologne. Grohé was named the Rhine Province
956:(Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt-am-Main, 2005), 202.
642:, Grohé worked as a farm laborer under an assumed name in
318:(6 November 1902 – 27 December 1987) was a German
471:. On 14 September 1933, Grohé was made a member of the
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Members of the Prussian State Council (Nazi Germany)
506:; however, from 30 January 1939 he was promoted to
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402:The Nazi Party had been banned after the abortive
1091:20th-century German newspaper publishers (people)
443:. On 12 March 1933, speaking from the balcony of
1036:German occupation of Belgium during World War II
1076:Prisoners and detainees of the British military
909:"DER SPIEGEL 2/1988 - GESTORBEN - Josef Grohe"
475:and on 12 November 1933 he was elected to the
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432:and was named to its executive board in May.
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888:
857:
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801:
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748:Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2012).
29:
518:Nationalsozialistisches Kraftfahrerkorps
170:18 July 1944 – 15 December 1944
709:
1061:National Socialist Motor Corps members
954:Das Personen-lexikon zum Dritten Reich
371:Deutschvölkischer Schutz und Trutzbund
1041:Members of the Academy for German Law
987:Newspaper clippings about Josef Grohé
725:
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523:On 10 February 1942, Grohé was named
386:in 1922 and 1923. He briefly fled to
27:German Nazi official and war criminal
7:
620:harshly criticized Grohé's actions:
568:On 18 July 1944, Grohé was made the
305:, first and second class with Swords
731:"Grohé biography at the NRW2000.de"
119:17 July 1925 – 31 May 1931
75:1 June 1931 – 8 April 1945
1106:Members of the Reichstag 1938–1945
1101:Members of the Reichstag 1936–1938
1081:Prisoners and detainees of Germany
1051:Members of the Reichstag 1933–1936
929:(Grabert-Verlag, Tübingen, 1986),
322:official. He was the long-serving
25:
1086:Recipients of the War Merit Cross
692:, which tried to infiltrate the
40:
579:of Belgium and Northern France
514:National Socialist Motor Corps
498:, Grohé did not belong to the
447:, he announced the removal of
158:of Belgium and Northern France
1:
1000:Information about Josef Grohé
469:abolition on 14 February 1934
600:, Grohé continued to resist
991:20th Century Press Archives
467:, a post he held until its
340:Belgium and Northern France
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525:Reich Defense Commissioner
1066:Nazis convicted of crimes
1002:in the Reichstag database
589:, assumed command of the
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108:of Gau Southern Rhineland
68:
51:
39:
1071:Politicians from Cologne
1031:German newspaper editors
889:Miller & Schulz 2012
858:Miller & Schulz 2012
830:Miller & Schulz 2012
802:Miller & Schulz 2012
790:Miller & Schulz 2012
778:Miller & Schulz 2012
418:Westdeutscher Beobachter
1056:Naumann Circle members
631:
604:'s plea to ignore the
484:Academy for German Law
473:Prussian State Council
384:occupation of the Ruhr
342:toward the end of the
694:Free Democratic Party
661:years' imprisonment (
622:
608:mandated by Hitler's
606:scorched earth policy
574:of the newly created
437:Nazi seizure of power
46:Grohé in Nazi uniform
1096:Volkssturm personnel
555:Operation Millennium
547:Gau Westphalia-South
543:Gau Westphalia-North
424:of the newly formed
392:Völkisch-Social Bloc
356:Imperial German Navy
281:Völkisch-Social Bloc
226:Gemünden im Hunsrück
860:, pp. 405–406.
832:, pp. 402–406.
804:, pp. 398–399.
792:, pp. 397–398.
737:on April 19, 2012.
638:After surviving a
583:Reichskommissariat
577:Reichskommissariat
430:Landtag of Prussia
426:Gau Cologne-Aachen
330:Gau Cologne-Aachen
299:Golden Party Badge
230:Rhenish Palatinate
205:Position abolished
156:Reichskommissariat
142:Position abolished
98:Position abolished
63:Gau Cologne-Aachen
965:978-3-96138-217-0
819:978-0-393-33761-7
759:978-1-932970-21-0
682:toy manufacturers
509:Obergruppenführer
454:Oberbürgermeister
445:Cologne City Hall
378:(Local Group) in
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16:(Redirected from
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733:. Archived from
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258:West Germany
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200:Succeeded by
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181:Adolf Hitler
176:Appointed by
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137:Succeeded by
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93:Succeeded by
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18:Joseph Grohé
1021:1987 deaths
1016:1902 births
663:time served
610:Nero Decree
398:Nazi career
358:during the
316:Josef Grohé
290:Businessman
188:Preceded by
125:Preceded by
81:Preceded by
34:Josef Grohé
1026:Gauleiters
1010:Categories
626:Gauleiters
592:Volkssturm
587:Gauleiters
520:or NSKK).
496:Gauleiters
435:After the
408:Robert Ley
376:Ortsgruppe
350:Background
320:Nazi Party
287:Occupation
268:Nazi Party
247:1987-12-28
130:Robert Ley
671:Bielefeld
669:court in
563:Wehrkreis
539:Gau Essen
530:Wehrkreis
478:Reichstag
464:Reichsrat
422:Gauleiter
413:Gauleiter
325:Gauleiter
166:In office
115:In office
106:Gauleiter
71:In office
58:Gauleiter
491:boycotts
993:of the
989:in the
704:Sources
665:) by a
656:⁄
512:in the
502:or the
461:to the
380:Cologne
270:(NSDAP)
254:Cologne
245: (
104:Deputy
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388:Munich
295:Awards
961:ISBN
943:ISBN
931:ISBN
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843:ISBN
815:ISBN
754:ISBN
624:Our
545:and
527:for
338:for
332:and
240:Died
220:Born
153:for
995:ZBW
696:of
559:RAF
451:as
328:of
61:of
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504:SS
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