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longer report to Joffre. Coming on the back of the disappointing results of the Somme campaign and the fall of
Romania, Roques's report further discredited Briand and Joffre and added to the parliamentary deputies' demands for a closed session. On 27 November the council of ministers met to debate rescinding the decree of 2 December 1915, which had placed Sarrail under Joffre; Briand proposed that Joffre be effectively demoted to commander-in-chief in North-East France, reporting to the war minister along with the commander-in-chief at Salonika, although he withdrew this proposal after Joffre threatened resignation. During the closed session (28 November – 7 December) Briand had little choice but to make concessions to preserve his government, and in a speech of 29 November he promised to repeal the decree of 2 December 1915 and in vague terms to appoint a general as technical adviser to the government. He met Joffre on 3 December 1916—according to Joffre, promising to appoint him
877:, neither of whom appeared to understand a word of French, a message arrived from Franchet d'Espèrey saying that he would be ready to attack on 6 September. At this point Gallieni, who returned to Paris to find Joffre's message from earlier in the day and a message from Wilson, insisted on speaking to Joffre personally on the telephone, informing him that it was too late to cancel the movement of Maunoury's army. Joffre agreed to bring forward the Allied offensive to 6 September and to have the Sixth Army attack north of the Marne instead, later writing that he had done so reluctantly as Maunoury would probably make contact with the Germans on 5 September, but that an extra day would have left the Germans in a more "disadvantageous" position. Tuchman argues that he may simply have been swayed by the dominant personality of Gallieni, his former superior. At 10 pm Joffre issued
730:, the French war minister, that his Fourth Army was pressing into the Ardennes with (he believed, wrongly) local numerical superiority, despite the fact that he had already received reports of French defeats in this sector on previous days. The German Fourth and Fifth Armies were in fact advancing against the French forces in front of them rather than moving westwards as Joffre believed. In his memoirs Joffre later admitted that he had been mistaken (he was also unaware of the fall of Namur and of the extent of the fighting at Mons and Charleroi on his left), but at the time he demanded that the French Fourth Army resume the offensive and provide lists of unsatisfactory officers for dismissal. Messimy fully supported Joffre in his purge of unsuccessful generals, even suggesting that, as in 1793, some of them simply ought to be executed.
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843:(2 September), envisaging a giant pocket from Paris to Verdun, of which he enclosed copies to Gallieni. At 9.45 am on 4 September Gallieni, who had learned from Paris aviators the previous day that Kluck's German First Army was marching south-east across Paris, had the first of a series of telephone calls, conducted through aides, as Joffre would not come to the phone, and Gallieni refused to speak to anyone else. Gallieni proposed, depending on how much further the Germans were to be allowed to advance, to attack north of the Marne on 6 September or south of the Marne on 7 September.
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Poincaré and Briand both before and after the meeting to discuss the issue. Gallieni, who favoured a strong war ministry with his own operational staff, complained bitterly in his diary about the politicians' unwillingness to stand up to Joffre. On 1 December
Poincaré and Briand met with Gallieni, who agreed that Joffre be commander-in-chief, with Castelnau—who was soon sidelined—as his chief of staff, although under the war minister's orders. A presidential decree of 2 December made Joffre "Commander-in-Chief of the French Armies" (
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983:, complained to Gallieni of how Joffre had been removing guns and garrisons from Verdun and even preparing some forts for demolition. Joffre was furious and disputed Gallieni's right to comment. The council of ministers discussed his reports, and Poincaré asked Gallieni to investigate. Gallieni wrote to Joffre (16 or 18 December 1915), expressing concern at the state of trenches at Verdun and elsewhere on the front; in fact, matters were already being taken in hand at Verdun.
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831:, the government left Paris for Bordeaux. That day Joffre placed Maunoury under Gallieni's direct command as the "Armies of Paris" and had Millerand place Gallieni under his own command. Joffre planned to retreat behind the Seine before counterattacking. He envisaged "a battle", probably to take place around 8 September, "between the horns of Paris and Verdun.". He sacked Lanrezac on the afternoon of 3 September, replacing him with the more aggressive
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944:, Viviani asked Joffre, who had told him that nine out of ten generals would make poor ministers of war, whether Gallieni would be a good replacement for Millerand. Joffre replied, "Perhaps," then, after a pause for thought, "Maybe." In the event, Briand formed a new government on 29 October 1915, with Viviani as vice-president of the council of ministers (deputy prime minister) and Gallieni as war minister.
693:), and hoped that Lanrezac would be able to reach Namur, which was expected to hold out for even longer. The Germans entered Brussels that day, but Joffre was convinced, after the defeat in Alsace-Lorraine and air and cavalry reports of strong German forces in Belgium, that the German centre in the Ardennes must be weak. On 21 August the French Second Army was pressed by a German counterattack.
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609:, the Vice President of the Conseil supérieur de la guerre and Commander-in-Chief designate, was sacked after proposing a defensive strategy in the event of war with Germany. Messimy took the opportunity to merge the office of vice president with the Chief of the General Staff and create a single professional head of the Army. The newly enhanced post was first offered to Gallieni and
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952:) be given strategic direction of the war—Joffre did not favour this option, believing that governments rose and fell too frequently for this to be sensible—or else that Joffre himself be appointed commander-in-chief over all fronts. Poincaré was persuaded of the latter option, and persuaded Briand, who arranged for Joffre and Gallieni to meet and shake hands.
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888:, was ordered not to communicate directly with the government. This left Joffre "all-powerful" (in Gallieni's description), as he had sacked so many generals, leaving Gallieni his only serious rival. By early December 1914 Gallieni was being mooted as a potential commander-in-chief in Joffre's place, or minister of war, or both.
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could use their artillery, which
Lanrezac had told him was the key factor. After Lanrezac spent the day arguing against the order, Joffre visited him at 8.30 am on 28 August and ordered him to attack to the west. After a "heated" discussion, Joffre had Gamelin draw up a written order and signed it in Lanrezac's presence.
1151:. The French along with the British had been preparing to do so since February after the announcement of the severance of diplomatic relations between the United States and Germany, in the expectation that an American declaration of war against Germany was imminent. He was initially reluctant to go as the
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than "commander-in-chief." He departed at once for Paris, but was persuaded to accept by Briand. On 17 December, he told the
British liaison officer, Sidney Clive, "I am the commander-in-chief and I intend to command effectively." However, he soon found that he had no real power—the acting war minister (
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until 15 August to allow for more training and more artillery. When told of this Joffre shouted at Haig that "the French Army would cease to exist" and had to be calmed down with "liberal doses of 1840 brandy." The
British refused to agree to French demands for a joint Anglo-French offensive from the
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The
British government accepted the need to maintain the Salonika bridgehead to keep the French happy, despite being sceptical about the idea that it would bring Greece into the war on the Allied side, but British military opinion did not favour any more commitment than necessary. Argument continued
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Concerned at reports (which later turned out to be exaggerated) that the
British had been defeated at Le Cateau and would need French protection to recover cohesion, early on 27 August Joffre gave Lanrezac a direct written order to counterattack as soon as his forces were on open ground, where they
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Although Joffre was aware (8am on 18 August) that as many as fifteen German corps were moving through
Belgium (in fact it was sixteen, and twenty-eight if the German Fourth and Fifth Armies are also included), he believed that only a few of these would come west of the Meuse, where he believed they
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Doughty writes of the Marne: "Gallieni's role was important, but the key concept and decisions lay with Joffre." Joffre recovered from the initial disastrous attacks into
Lorraine and the Ardennes and redeployed forces to the west. He kept his cool when the initial attempt to have Maunoury envelop
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Joffre was generally taciturn and a man of impenetrable calm, sometimes interspersed with furious anger. He would sometimes turn up at a unit's headquarters, listen to reports, and then depart having said hardly a word, to the consternation of the officers he had just inspected. At the time of the
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as commander-in-chief of the Armies of the North and
Northeast. It is unclear exactly what Briand had told Joffre about his role; he commented, "This is not what they promised me," when reading the newspaper on the morning of 13 December and was put out to be described as "general-in-chief" rather
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At the meeting of the Superior Council of Defence (24 November 1915) Joffre had Briand address the demarcation of his own and Gallieni's authority, and objected to the council discussing operational matters, threatening to resign if they attempted to interfere with his "liberty.". Joffre met with
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to cease his offensive and establish a strong defensive position, from which further offensives might be launched in the future. To Briand's and Joffre's surprise, Roques, the minister of war, returned from a fact-finding mission to Salonika recommending that Sarrail be reinforced and that he no
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The political atmosphere had become poisonous. Gallieni presented a highly critical report to the council of ministers on 7 March—read in his usual precise way—criticising Joffre's conduct of operations over the last eighteen months and demanding ministerial control, then resigned. It is unclear
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The French General Staff had decided in August 1915 to partially disarm all the Verdun forts, under the erroneous assumption that they could not resist the effects of modern heavy artillery, and the Germans initially made good progress against fortifications that had had their guns removed. Fort
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Joffre's political position had already weakened after the enormous losses of 1915, and now rumours circulated in Paris that Joffre had ordered the abandonment of Verdun when the Germans first attacked. Gallieni demanded to see all paperwork from the period, but Joffre had made no such order in
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After returning to France in 1903 to command the 19th Cavalry Brigade, he then moved to the War Ministry in Paris as Director of Engineers in 1904. The next year he was promoted to Général de division, the highest rank in the French Army at the time. Subsequently, he commanded the 6th Infantry
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could be held by the British and Belgians. The French Third and Fourth Armies were preparing to attack into the Ardennes, and he wanted Lanrezac's Fifth Army to attack the bulk of the German right wing on its west flank as – it was assumed – it attacked the left flank of French Fourth Army.
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Douaumont, the keystone of the system of Verdun forts, had been given up without a fight, becoming a shelter and operational base for German forces just behind their front line. In the words of one French divisional commander, its loss would cost the French army a hundred thousand lives.
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the German west flank at Amiens failed, requiring a retreat on Paris. While the Battle of the Marne was going on, he handled the problems faced by Foch's Ninth Army at the St Gond Marshes, by de Langle's Fourth and Sarrail's Third near Verdun and by Castelnau's Second in the Nancy area.
972:. There was also friction over Gallieni's assertion of his right to appoint generals, Joffre's practice of communicating directly with the British generals rather than going through the war ministry, and Gallieni's maintaining contacts with generals whom Joffre had replaced.
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As far back at 29 July 1915 Joffre had demanded that he be appointed commander-in-chief over all French forces, including those at the Dardanelles. By November he was again lobbying Poincaré that either a strong minister of war, backed by a strong chief of staff (e.g.
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On 13 December Briand formed a new government, which that day survived a vote of confidence by only thirty votes. Joffre was appointed "general-in-chief of the French armies, technical adviser to the government, consultative member of the War Committee", with
1281:(war minister), Viviani and Foch (chief of staff) in Paris. Joffre recommended that an American unit be rushed to France to show the flag. 2nd Battalion, 16th Infantry Regiment was sent, and was reviewed by Joffre and President Poincaré as it marched up the
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draw up plans for a French concentration at Amiens, with many of the troops drawn from the French right wing in Alsace, and with regret also ordered the successful counterattacks of the Third Army and the Army of Lorraine be called off.
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on 4 July. Pershing rejected Painlevé's suggestion that Joffre head the liaison group of French officers who were helping to set up his supply lines; Pershing insisted on using the Atlantic ports of Brest, St Nazaire and Rochefort.
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would be training men and, especially, officers. Joffre initially considered recommending the incorporation of US companies and battalions into the French and British armies, but realised that the Americans would never accept this.
761:'s Fourth Army, originally intended to be the spearhead of the attack into the Ardennes, was a strong force and had made several counterattacks, but Joffre now ordered it to cease counterattacking and to send a detachment under
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The fall of Bucharest (6 December 1916) not only ruled out a Russo-Romanian attack on Bulgaria, but also made possible a Central Powers attack on Salonika. One of Joffre's last official duties (11 December) was to order
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On the night of 3–4 September Joffre sent a handwritten note to Gallieni, wanting Maunoury to push east along the north bank of the Marne, although not specifying a date. This was in line with his modification of
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812:, although he was aware that two German corps were still headed east as reinforcements for East Prussia. On 1 September the Fifth Army retreated across the Aisne in some confusion, and Joffre issued his
1208:. Joffre recommended sending a single American unit to France at once and requested that the Americans send railroads, automobiles and trucks for the French Army. On 30 April the British Major-General
805:, who had replaced Messimy largely because of the poor state of the Paris defences, visited Joffre. The general promised to provide the three corps for Paris if Maunoury's attack near Amiens failed.
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Salonika bridgehead. Eventually, perhaps influenced by reports of French troop disturbances at Verdun, Haig agreed to attack at the start of July. This was just in time, as it later turned out that
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to cross to south of the Marne, but would keep the Sixth Army and BEF from being separated by the river) arrived too late to reach Gallieni, who had left for a meeting with the BEF chief of staff,
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on 19 and 20 August and were beaten back with severe loss by German forces, which were preparing for a counteroffensive. Joffre believed (20 August) that Liège was still holding out (in fact
1171:, making an effort to cultivate reporters on board, who noticed how busy Joffre kept his small staff. While at sea he learned of the failure of Nivelle's offensive. He landed on 24 April at
960:). After considerable discussion this was approved by the Chamber of Deputies by 406–67 on 9 December. In practice, Joffre now took command over both Salonika and the Western Front, but not
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920:(23 March) that "by the end of Apr he would be in a condition to attack & break (underline) the line." On 4 May "he talked of getting to Namur & the war being over in 3 (months)."
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On 25 August, rejecting the advice of his staff officer General Berthelot that Lanrezac be ordered to attack westwards against the inside of the German right wing, he instead had Major
624:. He was selected to command despite never having commanded an Army, even on paper, and "having no knowledge whatever of General Staff work." After a left-wing government came to power
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In the absence of news from Franchet d'Espèrey, Joffre ordered Gamelin to draft orders for Maunoury to attack south of the Marne on 7 September. This intention was also passed on to
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thought Joffre a better logistician than strategist. His major positive contributions in 1914 were his sustained calm under pressure and the calculated reasoning of an alumnus from
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Joffre left a paper arguing for a separate American force, then on 4 May began a week's tour of the eastern US. In full view of the press, he waited his turn in a barber's shop in
791:, the war minister, ordered Joffre to provide three active corps to defend Paris on 25 August, but Joffre, regarding this as interference with strategy, ignored him. On 26 August
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776:(29 August), willing if necessary to sack him there and then. In the event he was impressed by Lanrezac's cool demeanour and handling of the battle. As a result of the battle,
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1107:—and on 26 December, the day he was promoted Marshal of France, he asked to be relieved. Joffre was still popular and was the first man to be promoted Marshal under the
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from the start of World War I until the end of 1916. He is best known for regrouping the retreating allied armies to defeat the Germans at the strategically decisive
824:(BEF). At this stage his mind was still leaning towards Berthelot's old suggestion that the Fifth Army attack westwards against the inside of the German right wing.
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On 7 January 1915, over Joffre's opposition, President Poincaré came out in favour of the proposal of Franchet d'Espèrey, Gallieni and justice minister
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858:, the BEF sub-chief of staff, was negotiating separate plans with Franchet d'Espèrey, on the British right, which envisaged the Sixth Army attacking
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in Mali, where he recovered the remains of Lt. Col. Bonnier, who had been killed on a recent expedition. His mission killed over a hundred
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writes that Joffre's "personality had a profound effect on the course of history" and he became a household name in the United States.
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bearing Joffre's name was under construction at the start of World War II but was never completed due to France's rapid fall in 1940.
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and Arthur Balfour. Joffre stayed in Washington for ten days, and addressed both Houses of Congress individually. On 27 April he met
723:; although these attacks were held, Lanrezac asked Joffre for permission to retreat. On 23 August the Fifth Army was attacked again.
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was appointed minister of war after it had been ensured that Joffre had no objections. Joffre himself had been mooted for the job.
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558:(engineers). Joffre subsequently spent much of his career in the colonies as a military engineer, serving with distinction in the
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1068:(15–16 November 1916) they agreed to concentrate on the Western Front in 1917 rather than sending greater resources to Salonika.
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lobbied for US troops to be used to reinforce the British Army, arguing this would lessen the language and food differences.
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whether he was specifically trying to have Joffre ousted as Poincaré believed. With the survival of the government at stake,
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had not yet returned from North Africa to take up the position) forbade him even to approve units' being granted the
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Dictionnaire universelle de la Franc-Maçonnerie (Marc de Jode, Monique Cara and Jean-Marc Cara, ed. Larousse, 2011)
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1912 and 1913, was Joffre's personal driver in 1914, and Joffre's car tearing along roads became a familiar sight.
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On 30 August Joffre recommended that the French government evacuate Paris and learned of the Russian disaster at
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534:, Pyrénées-Orientales, into a family of vineyard owners. At a young age, he was a studious student, excelling at
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On 7 September Gallieni, who had been going over Joffre's head and speaking to the war minister and President
1370:, many French generals were of the generation educated in the Catholic teaching which had grown up after the
1057:, commander at Verdun, was warning the French government that the "game was up" unless the British attacked.
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With the revival of the army and a purge of "defensive-minded" officers, he adopted the strategy devised by
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780:'s German First Army broke off its attacks on Maunoury's Sixth Army and swung south-east, inside of Paris.
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Marshal Joffre: The Triumphs, Failures and Controversies of France's Commander-in-Chief in the Great War
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Joffre's reply saying he preferred the southern option (which would take a day longer as it forced the
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Lanrezac and forced bridgeheads across the Meuse. The Fifth Army was also now attacked on its right by
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in Western Canada was named after him. Summits with the names of other French generals are nearby:
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asked for permission to abandon Nancy and its fortified heights, but Joffre forbade him to do so.
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and became a career officer. He first saw active service as a junior artillery officer during the
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Joffre died at the age of 78 in Paris on 3 January 1931. His body was buried on his estate at
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with Joffre throughout the year. Late in March 1916 Joffre and Briand blocked a proposal by
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Dictionnaire de la Franc-Maçonnerie (Daniel Ligou, Presses Universitaires de France, 2006)
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After months of discussion, Haig and Joffre agreed on 14 February 1916 to an Anglo-French
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to gradually withdraw five British divisions from Salonika as the Serb troops arrived.
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Place Joffre, Avenue de la Motte-Piquet, Paris, with bronze statue of mounted subject.
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Battle of the Marne, he was heavily dependent on his deputy chief of staff, General
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1274:(AEF). Joffre told him that "he can always count on me for anything in my power."
1193:. He arrived in Washington the following morning, where he met Secretary of State
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and captured fifteen hundred cattle. He was promoted as a result. He served under
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3889:
1885:, zip code 15053 (Latitude 40.4 degrees north; Longitude 80.4 degrees west).
1312:
1227:
772:
Joffre turned up at Lanrezac's headquarters to supervise his conduct of the
621:
2013:, with armour, parading in Paris before heading to the front in August 1914
1016:
began on 21 February, reducing the planned French commitment to the Somme.
586:
Division and served as Inspector of Military Schools. Joffre commanded the
1277:
On 13 June Pershing, who had landed at Boulogne that morning, met Joffre,
582:
in Madagascar and was promoted to Général de brigade while serving there.
3614:
1850:
1703:
1656:
1630:
610:
571:
567:
1709:
1215:
506:
His political position waned after unsuccessful offensives in 1915, the
2010:
1812:
1749:
1530:
1522:
491:; 12 January 1852 – 3 January 1931) was a French general who served as
313:
4127:
3154:
World War I: The Definitive Visual History from Sarajevo to Versailles
765:
to cover the gap between Fourth and Fifth Armies; this became the new
4247:
Foreign recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)
1323:(he was born in French Catalonia and his mother tongue was Catalan).
575:
3610:
1354:. His memoirs, in two volumes, were published posthumously in 1932.
3547:
They Shall Not Pass: The French Army on the Western Front 1914–1918
1366:
in 1875, at the lodge Alsace-Lorraine. According to British author
869:. While Joffre was having dinner with the British liaison officer,
2306:
Life of General Joffre: Cooper's Son who Became Commander-in-chief
1787:
1708:
1214:
1118:
678:, stating that the main German effort would come through Belgium.
156:
2343:
Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War
1807:, a mountain located on the Continental Divide on the border of
1780:
1635:
662:
At the outbreak of war, the French plan clashed with the German
3893:
3734:
1763:
The following landmarks were named in Marshal Joffre's honour:
1086:
and to give him a staff of his own and "direction of the war".
1024:
writing, merely despatching Castelnau to assess the situation.
632:
in the autumn, but war broke out before this could take place.
3290:
Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima
566:(August 1884 – April 1885). As a major, he led a column from
4052:
3183:
La franc-maçonnerie, p. 50 (Jean Massicot, ed. Desnoël, 2010)
1376:
and therefore, unlike Joffre, suspected of hostility to the
3007:
3005:
1040:
Early in 1916 Joffre asked the British commander-in-chief,
4252:
Knights Grand Commander (Senangapati) of the Order of Rama
4217:
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Second Degree
2835:
2833:
2571:
2569:
2567:
4232:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
2969:(Larkfield, Maidstone: Unwin Hyman, 1988) pp. 231, 243–34
704:, and the infantry outpacing their horsedrawn artillery,
4242:
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
1297:. When he retired in 1919, he was made a member of the
3353:
Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion
1756:, purveyor to the Royal Court of Romania, created the
932:'s government in trouble following the resignation of
613:, who both declined, leading to Joffre's appointment.
4222:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
2252:"Death certificate of Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire"
2225:"Birth certificate of Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire"
1135:'s mission to the United States. There was already a
4207:
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
4167:
French military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
1159:
declared war on Germany. The main problem for their
4237:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
3867:
3837:
3773:
3448:
Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson: A Political Soldier
2982:(Westport Connecticut & London: Praeger, 1998,
2918:(Westport Connecticut & London: Praeger, 1998,
2888:(Westport Connecticut & London: Praeger, 1998,
1730:The Joffre class of steam locomotives was a French
691:
the last of the Liège forts had fallen on 16 August
368:
337:
329:
321:
304:
276:
271:
259:
247:
230:
166:
146:
123:
118:
102:
90:
71:
30:
4257:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Cambodia
3504:
590:from 1908 until 1910 when he was appointed to the
3567:French Generals of the Great War: Leading the Way
2374:– Willmott, H.P., Dorling Kindersley, 2003, p. 52
2169:2nd Marching Regiment of the 2nd Foreign Regiment
2164:2nd Marching Regiment of the 1st Foreign Regiment
1504:Jade Scepter of Emperor Khải Định of Annam – 1922
4172:French military personnel of the Sino-French War
2111:Joffre at the grave of Benjamin Franklin in 1917
1717:, a high school and former military barracks in
1638:: Knights Grand Commander (First Class) of the
1293:in 1918. That same year, he was elected to the
1179:, commander-in-chief of the US Atlantic Fleet,
912:Joffre fought a further major offensive in the
820:to fill the gap between the Fifth Army and the
4212:Recipients of the Order of the Tower and Sword
2202:Marshal of France is a dignity and not a rank.
2147:Statue of Joffre at Chantilly, erected in 1930
4277:Members of the American Philosophical Society
3905:
3746:
3705:as Vice President of the Superior War Council
19:"Joffre" redirects here. For other uses, see
8:
4282:Grand Cross of the Order of Ouissam Alaouite
3564:Krause, Jonathan; Philpott, William (2023).
1301:and an International Honorary Member of the
700:With the French Third and Fourth Armies now
1544:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
512:Anglo-French offensive on the Somme in 1916
4197:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)
3912:
3898:
3890:
3753:
3739:
3731:
3689:Vice President of the Superior War Council
3638:
3292:. Belgrade: Službeni Glasnik. p. 143.
3230:The Death of Glory: the Western Front 1915
2961:
2959:
801:), and on 27 August the new war minister,
56:
27:
2308:. Frederick A. Stokes Company. p. 5.
3671:as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army
2367:
2365:
2363:
2346:. Harvard University Press. p. 14.
2184:Non-US recipients of US gallantry awards
1863:Pont Joffre (Joffre Bridge), located in
1481:Commemorative medal of the 1870–1871 War
1230:for a haircut, visited the hometowns of
514:. At the end of 1916 he was promoted to
86:29 July 1911 – 14 December 1916
4065:
3960:François-Augustin de Paradis de Moncrif
3626:Newspaper clippings about Joseph Joffre
3511:. Wordsworth Military Library, London.
3132:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
2215:
2195:
2174:Marching Regiment of the Foreign Legion
1979:
1835:Rue Joffre (Joffre Street), located in
881:, ordering a General Allied Offensive.
827:On 2 September, the anniversary of the
747:was put in command of the newly formed
542:, and drawing. In 1870, he entered the
510:, and the disappointing results of the
378:
347:
191:
4227:Honorary members of the Order of Merit
4157:Chiefs of the Staff of the French Army
3657:Chief of the General Staff of the Army
3968:Jean-Armand de Bessuéjouls Roquelaure
3713:Commander-in-Chief of the French Army
2388:Military History of the Western World
2179:Russian Expeditionary Force in France
1773:Avenue du Maréchal Joffre located in
1738:under contract during 1915 and 1916.
1546:: Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the
1486:Tonkin Expedition commemorative medal
1303:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
518:, the first such elevation under the
486:
219:
7:
3410:Catastrophe 1914: Europe Goes To War
601:reorganized the high command of the
195:
4202:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
3488:. McGill-Queen's University Press.
2980:Field Marshal Sir William Robertson
2916:Field Marshal Sir William Robertson
2886:Field Marshal Sir William Robertson
2250:Government of the French Republic.
2223:Government of the French Republic.
2099:Joffre in the United States in 1917
1175:, where he was welcomed by Admiral
1060:Joffre was successfully lobbied by
1050:Anglo-French offensive at the Somme
685:The French First and Second Armies
237:Gilles Joseph Félix Joffre (father)
1779:Rue du Maréchal Joffre located in
1167:The party sailed to the US on the
14:
4182:Members of the Académie Française
3717:2 August 1914 – 15 December 1916
2277:Bourachot, André (30 June 2014).
1849:Parc Maréchal-Joffre, located in
1663:(Harvard University), and of the
1242:, laid wreaths at the statues of
1123:Joffre inspecting Romanian troops
4119:
4102:
4085:
4068:
3854:Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque
3828:
3618:
2140:
2128:
2123:Marshal of France, Joseph Joffre
2116:
2104:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2048:
2018:
2002:
1982:
1932:Marshal Joffre Street (formerly
1825:of southwestern British Columbia
1692:
1674:
1650:
1629:
1611:
1593:
1575:
1555:
1536:
1515:
726:On 23 August Joffre reported to
292:
281:
263:
4272:People from Pyrénées-Orientales
3992:Alfred-Auguste Cuvillier-Fleury
3602:Works by or about Joseph Joffre
3277:. 19 January 1915. p. 601.
3128:"Joseph Jacques Cesaire Joffre"
1305:. In 1920 he presided over the
1270:, just selected to command the
1188:Assistant Secretary of the Navy
1127:On 1 April 1917 Prime Minister
628:, he was due to be replaced by
620:, the deployment plan known as
508:German attack on Verdun in 1916
215:
187:
4177:French generals of World War I
3984:André Marie Jean Jacques Dupin
3952:François Lefebvre de Caumartin
3389:Eisenhower, John S.D. (2001).
2525:Terraine 1960, pp. 146–49, 152
1295:American Philosophical Society
1222:portrait by Auguste Léon, 1922
942:entry of Bulgaria into the war
676:Instruction Particuliere No 10
592:Conseil supérieur de la guerre
1:
3936:Henri Louis Habert de Montmor
3469:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
3412:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
2638:Tuchman 1962, pp. 392–94, 399
2611:Tuchman 1962, pp. 392–94, 397
2055:Joffre with British generals
1871:(c) United States of America
1793:Avenue du Maréchal Joffre in
1786:Boulevard Maréchal Joffre in
1646:, 22 December 1921, Thailand)
1458:Grand Officer – 11 July 1909;
1272:American Expeditionary Forces
1155:was underway. On 6 April the
1044:, to put in a good word with
938:unsuccessful autumn offensive
795:formed a new government (the
687:attacked into Alsace-Lorraine
469:Joseph Jacques Césaire Joffre
4000:Jules Arsène Arnaud Claretie
3507:Mons, The Retreat to Victory
3232:(John Murray, London, 2006)
2063:on the Western Front in 1915
1700:Order of the Tower and Sword
1493:Order of the Dragon of Annam
1392:, commander-in-chief of the
1289:Joffre became leader of the
1266:, introduced him to General
62:General Joffre, unknown date
3630:20th Century Press Archives
3617:(public domain audiobooks)
3450:. Oxford University Press.
1995:(left) and Joffre (centre),
1588:Distinguished Service Medal
1461:Grand Cross – 11 July 1914.
1452:Officer – 26 December 1895;
1394:British Expeditionary Force
1358:Personality and assessments
1326:In 1922 he was welcomed in
822:British Expeditionary Force
702:attacking into the Ardennes
4298:
4187:École Polytechnique alumni
3849:Jean de Lattre de Tassigny
3693:July 1911 – 1 August 1914
3661:July 1911 – 1 August 1914
3486:Strategy And Command, 1914
3074:Eisenhower 2001, pp. 42–44
3047:Eisenhower 2001, pp. 15–17
3038:Eisenhower 2001, pp. 13–17
3029:Eisenhower 2001, pp. 13–16
3020:Eisenhower 2001, pp. 11–13
2087:J.Joffre and his signature
1900:Joffre Street, located in
1888:Joffre Avenue, located in
1856:Joffre Avenue, located in
1842:Avenue Joffre, located in
1828:Joffre Street, located in
1449:Knight – 7 September 1885;
1362:Joffre was initiated into
655:
639:
440:Second Battle of Champagne
18:
16:French general (1852–1931)
3930:
3826:
3719:
3710:
3697:
3686:
3678:
3663:
3654:
3646:
3641:
3526:Tuchman, Barbara (1962).
3370:Clayton, Anthony (2003).
3324:City Hall. Archived from
3288:Acović, Dragomir (2012).
2647:Terraine 1960, pp. 181–83
2543:Terraine 1960, pp. 159–60
2507:Terraine 1960, pp. 116–18
2075:Portrait of Joseph Joffre
1916:), located in the former
1682:Order of Karađorđe's Star
1527:Order of Ouissam Alaouite
1475:Croix de guerre 1914–1918
1455:Commander – 11 July 1903;
1396:, thought highly of him.
936:as foreign minister, the
814:Instruction Generale No 4
759:Fernand de Langle de Cary
501:First Battle of the Marne
462:
425:First Battle of Champagne
410:First Battle of the Marne
114:
79:
67:
55:
3810:Louis Franchet d'Espèrey
3393:. Simon & Schuster.
3351:Aldrich, Robert (1996).
3201:Terraine 1960, pp. 44–45
3011:Doughty 2005, pp. 320–21
2999:Doughty 2005, pp. 318–20
2944:Doughty 2005, pp. 284–85
2818:Doughty 2005, pp. 231–32
2809:Doughty 2005, pp. 229–31
2800:Doughty 2005, pp. 226–29
2791:Jeffery 2006, pp. 147–48
2728:Tuchman 1962, pp. 416–17
2710:Tuchman 1962, pp. 411–12
2665:Tuchman 1962, pp. 408–09
2602:Terraine 1960, pp. 76–77
2489:Terraine 1960, pp. 88–99
2462:Terraine 1960, pp. 64–65
2417:Terraine 1960, pp. 54–55
2304:Kahn, Alexander (1915).
1340:Supreme Allied Commander
1256:1st US Infantry Division
916:in spring 1915. He told
841:Instruction General No 4
833:Louis Franchet d'Espèrey
495:of French forces on the
4267:Soldiers from Catalonia
3503:Terraine, John (1960).
3446:Jeffery, Keith (2006).
3427:Herwig, Holger (2009).
2857:Clayton 2003, pp. 97–99
2839:Clayton 2003, pp. 97–98
2827:Clayton 2003, pp. 82–83
2755:Senior 2012, pp. 190–91
2746:Doughty 2005, pp. 87–90
2701:Doughty 2005, pp. 87–89
2674:Doughty 2005, pp. 86–89
2629:Herwig 2009, pp. 226–27
2575:Clayton 2003, pp. 53–57
2561:Doughty 2005, pp. 82–84
2327:Herwig 2009, pp. 136–37
2318:Aldrich 1996, pp. 45–46
2135:Joffre in Japan in 1922
1501:– Senegal, Sudan (1894)
1400:, winner of the French
1386:Henri Mathias Berthelot
1139:being prepared, led by
1137:similar British mission
1014:German attack on Verdun
975:In autumn 1915 Colonel
854:. That same afternoon,
658:Battle of the Frontiers
652:Battle of the Frontiers
435:Second Battle of Artois
405:Battle of the Frontiers
240:Catherine Plas (mother)
74:Chief of the Army Staff
21:Joffre (disambiguation)
4024:Louis Leprince-Ringuet
3820:Michel-Joseph Maunoury
3682:Victor-Constant Michel
3611:Works by Joseph Joffre
3530:. Constable & Co.
3408:Hastings, Max (2013).
3318:"Construction permits"
3258:Eisenhower 2001, p. 11
3083:Eisenhower 2001, p. 48
3065:Eisenhower 2001, p. 40
3056:Eisenhower 2001, p. 26
2967:Douglas Haig 1861–1928
1830:Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
1722:
1223:
1157:United States Congress
1131:asked Joffre to go on
1124:
1010:offensive on the Somme
745:Michel-Joseph Maunoury
607:Victor-Constant Michel
605:in July 1911. General
430:Second Battle of Ypres
420:First Battle of Artois
351:19th Artillery Brigade
4057:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
3465:Palmer, Alan (1998).
3355:. London: Macmillan.
3210:Hastings 2013, p. 291
2593:Terraine 1960, p. 166
2552:Terraine 1960, p. 163
2534:Terraine 1960, p. 153
2516:Terraine 1960, p. 141
2498:Terraine 1960, p. 113
1908:(e) China (Mainland)
1902:Pascoe Vale, Victoria
1877:Lowell, Massachusetts
1721:, bears Joffre's name
1712:
1669:University of Coimbra
1525:: Grand Cross of the
1334:, a few months after
1236:Springfield, Illinois
1218:
1122:
1003:Sir William Robertson
905:for an expedition to
354:6th Infantry Division
322:Years of service
3545:Sumner, Ian (2012).
3328:on 17 September 2017
3098:search.amphilsoc.org
3094:"APS Member History"
2953:Doughty 2005, p. 285
2935:Doughty 2005, p. 272
2875:Doughty 2005, p. 266
2866:Doughty 2005, p. 264
2773:Doughty 2005, p. 151
2764:Doughty 2005, p. 111
2584:Tuchman 1962, p. 399
2480:Terraine 1960, p. 97
2471:Terraine 1960, p. 75
2453:Terraine 1960, p. 63
2444:Terraine 1960, p. 61
2435:Terraine 1960, p. 47
2426:Terraine 1960, p. 60
2408:Terraine 1960, p. 43
1936:Street), located in
1890:Milltown, New Jersey
1883:Joffre, Pennsylvania
1821:, a mountain in the
1698::Grand Cross of the
1661:Doctor honoris causa
1342:during World War I.
1184:Jean Jules Jusserand
1066:Chantilly Conference
1064:, and at the second
695:Édouard de Castelnau
674:, Joffre issued his
597:The Minister of War
540:descriptive geometry
194:; died
3767:of the 20th century
3572:Pen and Sword Books
3549:. Pen & Sword.
3484:Prete, Roy (2009).
3374:. Cassell, London.
3249:Doughty 2005, p. 97
3219:Doughty 2005, p. 15
2737:Herwig 2009, p. 229
2719:Senior 2012, p. 188
2692:Herwig 2009, p. 228
2683:Herwig 2009, p. 227
2656:Doughty 2005, p. 87
2620:Doughty 2005, p. 85
1912:Avenue Joffre (now
1665:University of Porto
1623:Order of St. George
1605:Order of St. George
1471:– 26 November 1914.
1413:École Polytechnique
1291:Supreme War Council
1199:Army Chief of Staff
1115:Post-command career
981:Chamber of Deputies
873:, and two visiting
803:Alexandre Millerand
778:Alexander von Kluck
552:Franco-Prussian War
544:École Polytechnique
530:Joffre was born in
503:in September 1914.
488:[ʒozɛfʒɔfʁ]
450:Battle of the Somme
383:Franco-Prussian War
254:École Polytechnique
177:Amélie Pourcheyroux
4162:Marshals of France
3921:Académie française
3879:Marie-Pierre Kœnig
3763:Marshals of France
3274:The London Gazette
3192:Palmer 1998, p. 38
2978:Woodward, David R
2914:Woodward, David R
2905:Palmer 1998, p. 55
2884:Woodward, David R
2848:Sumner 2014, p. 97
2782:Palmer 1998, p. 29
2338:Doughty, Robert A.
1950:Continental Divide
1723:
1469:Médaille militaire
1332:ticker-tape parade
1330:, New York with a
1299:Académie française
1224:
1191:Franklin Roosevelt
1125:
934:Theophile Delcasse
879:General Order No 6
710:German Second Army
493:Commander-in-Chief
4262:French Freemasons
4050:
4049:
4040:Antoine Compagnon
3887:
3886:
3729:
3728:
3720:Succeeded by
3708:
3674:
3664:Succeeded by
3642:Military offices
3598:of Marshal Joffre
3556:978-1-849-08843-5
3537:978-0-333-30516-4
3495:978-0-7735-3522-0
3457:978-0-19-820358-2
3438:978-0-8129-7829-2
3419:978-0-307-59705-2
3400:978-0-743-22385-0
3238:978-0-7195-6245-7
3228:Neillands, Robin
3134:. 9 February 2023
2965:De Groot, Gerard
2399:Prete 2009, p. 31
2290:978-1-4738-3826-0
2283:. Pen and Sword.
2159:Moroccan Division
1918:French Concession
1875:Joffre Street in
1853:, Québec, Canada.
1839:, Quebec, Canada.
1795:Chantilly, France
1686:Kingdom of Serbia
1548:Order of the Bath
1153:Nivelle Offensive
1145:Foreign Secretary
1084:Marshal of France
924:Further promotion
875:Japanese officers
516:Marshal of France
466:
465:
4289:
4132:
4124:
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3764:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3732:
3702:
3698:Preceded by
3679:Preceded by
3668:
3647:Preceded by
3639:
3622:
3621:
3606:Internet Archive
3585:
3560:
3541:
3522:
3510:
3499:
3480:
3461:
3442:
3431:. Random House.
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2041:musée Carnavalet
2022:
2006:
1997:July–August 1914
1986:
1867:, Québec, Canada
1858:Renfrew, Ontario
1809:British Columbia
1748:When he visited
1743:aircraft carrier
1734:design built by
1697:
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1440:Legion of Honour
1268:John J. Pershing
1264:secretary of war
1204:and his deputy,
1042:Sir Douglas Haig
897:Spring offensive
886:Raymond Poincaré
852:Archibald Murray
668:Charles Lanrezac
560:Keelung Campaign
490:
485:
481:
475:
445:Battle of Verdun
333:Division general
297:
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272:Military service
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4114:from Wikisource
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4060:sister projects
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3795:Philippe Pétain
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3345:Further reading
3342:
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3329:
3320:(in Romanian).
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2014:
2007:
1998:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1922:Shanghai, China
1823:Lillooet Ranges
1760:in his honour.
1728:
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1491:Officer of the
1436:
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1423:John Eisenhower
1398:Georges Boillot
1360:
1348:
1260:Newton D. Baker
1232:Abraham Lincoln
1117:
1101:General Lyautey
1079:Maurice Sarrail
1074:
1072:Fall from power
1055:Philippe Pétain
1038:
994:
989:
926:
903:Aristide Briand
899:
894:
867:Sir John French
829:Battle of Sedan
786:
774:Battle of Guise
740:Maurice Gamelin
736:
728:Adolphe Messimy
664:Schlieffen Plan
660:
654:
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638:
630:Maurice Sarrail
599:Adolphe Messimy
580:Joseph Gallieni
564:Sino-French War
528:
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415:Race to the Sea
400:First World War
395:Sino-French War
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4032:Yves Pouliquen
4028:
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4016:Maxime Weygand
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3590:External links
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3581:978-1781592526
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3372:Paths of Glory
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1896:(d) Australia
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1619:Russian Empire
1608:
1601:Russian Empire
1590:
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1568:Order of Merit
1563:United Kingdom
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1409:Hubert Lyautey
1378:Third Republic
1359:
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1336:Ferdinand Foch
1283:Champs-Élysées
1250:, and visited
1195:Robert Lansing
1149:Prime Minister
1141:Arthur Balfour
1116:
1113:
1109:Third Republic
1097:Admiral Lacaze
1092:Robert Nivelle
1073:
1070:
1037:
1034:
1030:General Roques
999:Lord Kitchener
993:
990:
988:
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925:
922:
898:
895:
893:
890:
862:of the Marne.
785:
782:
763:Ferdinand Foch
735:
732:
717:Max von Hausen
656:Main article:
653:
650:
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640:Main article:
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618:Ferdinand Foch
588:2nd Army Corps
548:Siege of Paris
527:
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150:3 January 1931
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109:Robert Nivelle
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4131:from Wikidata
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2671:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2459:
2456:
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2447:
2441:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2414:
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2405:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2385:
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2377:
2373:
2368:
2366:
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2360:
2355:
2353:9780674034310
2349:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2333:
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2315:
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2307:
2300:
2297:
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2286:
2282:
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2273:
2270:
2257:
2253:
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2230:
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2219:
2216:
2209:
2199:
2196:
2189:
2185:
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2177:
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2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2143:
2138:
2131:
2126:
2119:
2114:
2107:
2102:
2095:
2090:
2083:
2078:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2034:Joseph Joffre
2032:
2027:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2009:French heavy
2005:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1934:Ion Mihalache
1931:
1930:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1891:
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1878:
1874:
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1866:
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1845:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1752:in 1920, the
1751:
1746:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1690:
1687:
1684:with swords (
1683:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1640:Order of Rama
1637:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1591:
1589:
1584:
1583:United States
1572:
1569:
1564:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1513:
1512:
1508:
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1497:
1494:
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1479:
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1470:
1467:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1454:
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1433:
1428:
1426:
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1395:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1379:
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1374:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1345:
1343:
1341:
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1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1279:Paul Painlevé
1275:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1240:Ulysses Grant
1237:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:Hampton Roads
1170:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:and a former
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
991:
986:
984:
982:
978:
973:
971:
967:
963:
959:
958:generalissimo
953:
951:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
923:
921:
919:
915:
910:
908:
904:
896:
891:
889:
887:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
844:
842:
836:
834:
830:
825:
823:
819:
818:Louis Conneau
815:
811:
806:
804:
800:
799:
794:
790:
783:
781:
779:
775:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
750:
746:
741:
733:
731:
729:
724:
722:
718:
714:
711:
707:
703:
698:
696:
692:
688:
683:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
659:
651:
646:
643:
635:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
589:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
525:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
498:
497:Western Front
494:
489:
480:
474:
470:
461:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
402:
401:
398:
396:
393:
389:
386:
385:
384:
381:
380:
379:
371:
367:
359:
356:
353:
350:
349:
348:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
312:
311:
310:
307:
303:
300:
295:
289:
288:Second Empire
284:
279:
275:
270:
266:
262:
258:
255:
252:
250:
246:
239:
236:
235:
233:
229:
203:
202:
172:
171:
169:
165:
162:
158:
149:
145:
142:
138:
126:
122:
117:
113:
110:
107:
101:
98:
95:
89:
83:
78:
75:
70:
66:
59:
54:
49:
43:
37:Joseph Joffre
34:
29:
26:
22:
4126:
4109:
4092:
4080:from Commons
4075:
4054:
4007:
3870:5th Republic
3840:4th Republic
3784:
3776:3rd Republic
3711:
3704:
3703:
3687:
3670:
3669:
3655:
3566:
3546:
3527:
3506:
3485:
3467:Victory 1918
3466:
3447:
3428:
3409:
3390:
3371:
3352:
3332:17 September
3330:. Retrieved
3326:the original
3312:
3298:
3289:
3283:
3272:
3263:
3254:
3245:
3229:
3224:
3215:
3206:
3197:
3188:
3179:
3170:
3161:
3153:
3148:
3136:. Retrieved
3131:
3122:
3117:Collier 1974
3113:
3101:. Retrieved
3097:
3088:
3079:
3070:
3061:
3052:
3043:
3034:
3025:
3016:
2995:
2979:
2974:
2966:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2915:
2910:
2901:
2885:
2880:
2871:
2862:
2853:
2844:
2823:
2814:
2805:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2751:
2742:
2733:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2697:
2688:
2679:
2670:
2661:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2580:
2557:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2371:
2342:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2305:
2299:
2279:
2272:
2262:29 September
2260:. Retrieved
2255:
2245:
2235:29 September
2233:. Retrieved
2228:
2218:
2198:
2033:
2028:
1993:de Castelnau
1946:Mount Joffre
1943:
1928:(f) Romania
1927:
1914:Huaihai Road
1907:
1904:, Australia.
1895:
1870:
1805:Mount Joffre
1799:
1765:
1762:
1747:
1740:
1729:
1715:Lycée Joffre
1660:
1643:
1488:– March 1887
1421:
1417:
1406:
1382:
1371:
1361:
1352:Louveciennes
1349:
1325:
1308:Jocs Florals
1306:
1288:
1276:
1225:
1206:Tasker Bliss
1168:
1166:
1126:
1088:
1075:
1059:
1039:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1007:
995:
977:Émile Driant
974:
957:
954:
946:
927:
911:
900:
883:
878:
871:Sidney Clive
864:
859:
856:Henry Wilson
845:
840:
837:
826:
813:
807:
798:Union sacrée
796:
793:René Viviani
787:
771:
757:
753:
737:
725:
699:
684:
680:
675:
661:
615:
596:
584:
555:
529:
526:Early career
505:
468:
467:
369:Battles/wars
152:(1931-01-03)
104:Succeeded by
81:
25:
4152:1931 deaths
4147:1852 births
3528:August 1914
3269:"No. 29044"
2990:) pp. 66–67
2926:) pp. 40–42
2258:(in French)
2231:(in French)
1844:Quebec City
1819:Joffre Peak
1800:(b) Canada
1766:(a) France
1758:Joffre cake
1736:Kerr Stuart
1719:Montpellier
1644:Senangapati
1390:John French
1373:Loi Falloux
1368:Alan Palmer
1364:Freemasonry
1244:Joan of Arc
1210:Tom Bridges
1169:Lorraine II
1046:Lord Bertie
642:World War I
636:World War I
603:French Army
562:during the
536:mathematics
309:French Army
92:Preceded by
4141:Categories
4094:Quotations
2210:References
1954:Cordonnier
1940:, Romania.
1865:Sherbrooke
1837:Shawinigan
1754:Casa Capșa
1732:Decauville
1402:Grand Prix
1252:West Point
1220:Autochrome
1202:Hugh Scott
1181:Ambassador
1177:Henry Mayo
1105:fourragère
848:Sixth Army
810:Tannenberg
767:Ninth Army
749:Sixth Army
721:Third Army
719:'s German
672:Fifth Army
532:Rivesaltes
277:Allegiance
249:Alma mater
137:Rivesaltes
130:1852-01-12
3429:The Marne
3322:Timișoara
3138:3 October
3103:3 October
2026:Bouchor's
1944:In 1918,
1938:Timișoara
1860:, Canada.
1846:, Canada.
1832:, Canada.
1741:A French
1625:3rd class
1607:2nd class
1477:with Palm
1319:literary
1313:Barcelona
1248:Lafayette
1228:St. Louis
1062:Robertson
1036:The Somme
950:Castelnau
784:The Marne
706:von Bülow
622:Plan XVII
358:2nd Corps
325:1869–1916
260:Signature
82:In office
3615:LibriVox
2340:(2009).
2153:See also
1990:Générals
1790:, France
1783:, France
1704:Portugal
1657:Portugal
1407:General
1328:Broadway
1321:certamen
1161:new army
940:and the
907:Salonika
713:attacked
611:Paul Pau
572:Timbuktu
338:Commands
3924:seat 35
3700:Himself
3666:Himself
3632:of the
3628:in the
3604:at the
3240:, p. 16
2896:) p. 33
2037:in 1915
2031:Général
2011:cavalry
1976:Gallery
1962:Nivelle
1948:on the
1813:Alberta
1750:Romania
1726:Homages
1531:Morocco
1523:Morocco
1509:Foreign
1429:Honours
1317:Catalan
1133:Viviani
970:Tunisia
966:Algeria
962:Morocco
930:Viviani
789:Messimy
734:Retreat
670:of the
626:in 1914
550:in the
484:French:
314:Cavalry
231:Parents
224:
212:
200:
184:
180:
167:Spouses
33:Marshal
4042:(2022)
4034:(2001)
4026:(1966)
4018:(1931)
4010:(1918)
4002:(1888)
3994:(1866)
3986:(1832)
3978:(1818)
3970:(1771)
3962:(1733)
3954:(1694)
3946:(1679)
3938:(1634)
3578:
3553:
3534:
3515:
3492:
3473:
3454:
3435:
3416:
3397:
3378:
3359:
3236:
2986:
2922:
2892:
2350:
2287:
2057:French
1970:Pétain
1968:, and
1966:Mangin
1616:
1598:
1580:
1560:
1550:(GCB)
1541:
1520:
1495:– 1887
1434:French
1388:. Sir
1338:, the
1262:, the
1238:) and
992:Verdun
918:Wilson
914:Artois
576:Tuareg
218:
190:
161:France
141:France
4111:Texts
4077:Media
3391:Yanks
2190:Notes
1892:, US.
1851:Lévis
1788:Dijon
1346:Death
1129:Ribot
1099:, as
928:With
860:north
568:Ségou
556:génie
222:)
214:(
210:
198:)
186:(
182:
157:Paris
72:23rd
4128:Data
3576:ISBN
3551:ISBN
3532:ISBN
3513:ISBN
3490:ISBN
3471:ISBN
3452:ISBN
3433:ISBN
3414:ISBN
3395:ISBN
3376:ISBN
3357:ISBN
3334:2017
3234:ISBN
3140:2023
3105:2023
2984:ISBN
2920:ISBN
2890:ISBN
2348:ISBN
2285:ISBN
2264:2020
2237:2020
2061:Haig
2059:and
1958:Foch
1811:and
1781:Nice
1713:The
1667:and
1636:Siam
1570:(OM)
1315:, a
1246:and
1186:and
1001:and
987:1916
892:1915
647:1914
375:List
344:List
330:Rank
220:1905
196:1874
192:1873
147:Died
124:Born
3634:ZBW
3613:at
2029:Le
1920:of
1702:of
1586::
1529:of
1311:in
968:or
708:'s
570:to
479:GCB
48:GCB
4143::
3574:.
3570:.
3271:.
3130:.
3096:.
3004:^
2958:^
2832:^
2566:^
2386:,
2362:^
2254:.
2227:.
1972:.
1964:,
1960:,
1956:,
1659::
1621::
1603::
1566::
1380:.
1143:,
1111:.
964:,
835:.
769:.
594:.
538:,
476:,
473:OM
216:m.
188:m.
159:,
139:,
45:,
42:OM
4063::
3913:e
3906:t
3899:v
3754:e
3747:t
3740:v
3584:.
3559:.
3540:.
3521:.
3498:.
3479:.
3460:.
3441:.
3422:.
3403:.
3384:.
3365:.
3336:.
3306:.
3142:.
3107:.
2356:.
2293:.
2266:.
2239:.
2043:)
2039:(
1924:.
1879:.
1815:.
1688:)
1680::
1642:(
1442::
1234:(
482:(
132:)
128:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
