420:". Stalin was not yet well known to the Russian public, but was included on a list of new People's Commissars—effectively government ministers—under the name of "J. V. Djugashvili-Stalin". Stalin moved into the Smolny Institute, where Sovnarkom was then based. It was probably Lenin who had proposed Stalin for the position of People's Commissar of Nationalities, and while Stalin had initially turned down the post, he ultimately relented. He and
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accused of insubordination, personal ambition, military incompetence and seeking to build his own reputation by victories on his own front at the expense of operations elsewhere. Neither he nor anybody else challenged these attacks; he only briefly reaffirmed his position that the war itself was a mistake, something which everybody agreed on by this point.
637:
suggested Lenin was more to blame, for ordering Soviet troops south to spread the revolution to
Romania, and north to secure the Polish corridor for Germany (this would win over German nationalists). Both these diversions weakened the Soviet assault. Much blame must be laid on the overall commander,
384:
25 October] 1917 Kerensky's troops raided Stalin's press headquarters and smashed his printing presses. While he worked to restore his presses, Stalin missed a
Central Committee meeting where assignments for the coup were being issued. Stalin instead spent the afternoon briefing Bolshevik
649:
by attacking the whole campaign strategy. Although this tactic worked, he nonetheless resigned his military commission, something he had repeatedly threatened to do when he didn't get his way. At the Ninth Party
Conference on September 22, Trotsky openly criticized Stalin's war record. Stalin was
558:
of the
Republic and thus his military superior. He ordered the killings of many former Tsarist officers in the Red Army; Trotsky, in agreement with the Central Committee, had hired them for their expertise, but Stalin distrusted them, seizing documents which showed many were agents for the White
447:, a political police force. On 27 October, they banned opposition press. Stalin supported the use of terror from the beginning; in response to a message from Estonian Bolsheviks suggesting how they could deal with opponents, he stated that "the idea of a concentration camp is excellent".
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to a family of limited financial means. He was the fourth child born to the family of
Ekaterina Gheladze and Vissarion Djugashvili; the prior three children of the couple had died at an early age. Stalin later became politically active and, during the
480:
published an article exposing
Bolshevik crimes committed before the revolution. Martov wrote that Stalin had organized bank robberies and had been expelled from his own party for doing so (the latter part is untrue). Stalin sued Martov for libel.
435:
described as an "inseparable troika". Lenin recognised both Stalin and
Trotsky as "men of action" who stood out in this regard from many of the other senior Bolsheviks. On 29 November, the Bolshevik Central Committee established a four-man
592:. Stalin, in Ukraine at the time, argued these ambitions were unrealistic but lost. He was briefly transferred to the Caucasus in February 1920, but managed to get transferred back to Ukraine in May where he accepted the position of the
256:
staff came on board with Lenin's view and called for overthrowing the provisional government. At this April 1917 Party conference, Stalin was elected to the
Bolshevik Central Committee with 97 votes in the party, the third highest after
646:
631:. Stalin refused to counter-sign the order because it did not have the requisite two signatures on it, a reasonable response. In the end, the battles for both Lwów and Warsaw were lost, and Stalin's actions were held partly to blame.
493:
272:
phoned Stalin asking if an armed uprising was feasible. He said: "Rifles? You comrades know best." This was enough encouragement for them. They demanded the overthrow of the government, but neither the
Bolshevik leadership nor the
356:
The
Bolsheviks now found themselves free, rearmed, swelling with new recruits and under Stalin's firm control, whilst Kerensky had few troops loyal to him in the capital. Lenin decided that the time for a coup had arrived.
301:
469:. Stalin was appointed People's Commissar for Nationalities' Affairs; his job was to establish an institution to win over non-Russian citizens of the former Russian Empire. He was relieved of his post as editor of
2138:
300:. He shaved off Lenin's beard and moustache, took him to Primorsky station then to a shack north of Petrograd, then to a barn in Finland. In Lenin's absence, Stalin assumed leadership of the Bolsheviks. At the
245:(Molotov and Shlyapnikov had wanted to overthrow it) and went to the extent of declining to publish Lenin's 'letters from afar' arguing for the provisional government to be overthrown. He described them as
261:
and Lenin. These three plus Kamenev formed the Central Committee's Bureau. Stalin would share a flat with Molotov where he apologised: "You were the nearest of all to Lenin in the initial stage in April."
251:
For a week from March 12, Stalin stopped writing articles, this may have been when he switched to Lenin's position. However, after Lenin prevailed at the April Party conference, Stalin and the rest of the
1625:
562:
Stalin ordered the executions of any suspected counter-revolutionaries. In the countryside, he burned villages to intimidate the peasantry into submission and discourage bandit raids on food shipments.
265:
On June 24, Stalin threatened to resign when Lenin turned against the idea of an armed demonstration when the Soviets refused to support it. It went ahead anyway on July 1 and was a Bolshevik triumph.
296:
Stalin put Lenin in five different hiding places, the last being the Alliluyev family apartment. Convinced Lenin would be killed if caught, Stalin persuaded him not to surrender and smuggled him to
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38:
34:
106:. There, he ordered the killings of former Tsarist officers and counter-revolutionaries. After their Civil War victory, the Bolsheviks moved to expand the revolution into Europe, starting with
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1442:
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169:, Stalin conducted a range of criminal activities until arrest and exile in 1908. He fulfilled these activities through his formation of the Outfit, a criminal gang that were involved with
1998:
511:, it was a key supply route to the oil and grain of the North Caucasus. There was a critical shortage of food in Russia, and Stalin was assigned to procure any he could find according to
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for help and released the Bolsheviks, who raised a small army to defend the capital. In the end, Kerensky convinced Kornilov's army to stand down and to disband without violence.
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After the Bolsheviks turned the tide and were winning the civil war in late 1919, Lenin and many others wanted to expand the revolution westwards into Europe, starting with
241:, the official Bolshevik newspaper, while Lenin and much of the Bolshevik leadership were still in exile. Stalin and the new editorial board took a position in favor of the
2110:
1730:
268:
In mid-July, armed mobs led by Bolshevik militants took to the streets of Petrograd, killing army officers and who were considered bourgeois civilians. Sailors from
2218:
642:, for permitting insubordination from both front commanders and conflicting and ever-changing strategic orders during the critical phase in the attack on Warsaw.
400:
and the rest of the Central Committee coordinated the coup. Kerensky left the capital to rally the Imperial troops at the German front. By 8 November [
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2003:
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539:, both of whom would become two of Stalin's key supporters in the military. Through his new allies, he imposed his influence on the military; in July
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219:(Saint Petersburg) with just a typewriter and a wicker suitcase, wearing a suit he had on in 1913 when he was arrested. On March 28, together with
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1927:
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1982:
17:
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570:. To stem mass desertions and defections of Red Army soldiers, Stalin had deserters and renegades rounded up and publicly executed as traitors.
188:
Between 1908 and 1917, Stalin was arrested seven times and escaped five times, enjoying less than two years of liberty in the nine-year period.
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993:
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On 7 November (O.S. 26 October) 1917, Lenin officially proclaimed the existence of the new Bolshevik government, which became known as "
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1993:
1958:
1900:
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607:, which conflicted with the general strategy set by Lenin and Trotsky by drawing his troops further away from the forces advancing on
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in October. On October 23, the Central Committee voted 10–2 in favor of an insurrection; Kamenev and Zinoviev voted in opposition.
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to evade capture by authorities and ordered the besieged Bolsheviks to surrender to avoid a bloodbath. The Bolsheviks then seized
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Army. This created friction between Stalin and Trotsky. Stalin even wrote to Lenin asking that Trotsky be relieved of his post.
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1870:
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1973:
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1953:
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was willing to take power, having been totally surprised by this unplanned revolt. After the disappointed mobs dispersed,
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1798:
1514:
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157:, Stalin temporarily resigned from the party over its ban on bank robberies. Embarking on an effort to organize Muslim
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127:
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were also tasked with ensuring that Petrograd was defended from Kerensky's Cossack forces which had rallied in the
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597:
672:
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1963:
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114:. As joint commander of an army in Ukraine, Stalin's actions in the war were later criticized, including by
725:
336:
27 August] 1917). Believing that Kerensky had acted under Bolshevik pressure, Kornilov decided to
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military leaders and party members personally loyal to Stalin. In doing so, he first met and befriended
431:
During the first few months of the new government, Lenin, Stalin, and Trotsky formed what the historian
308:, Stalin gave the main report, was chosen to be the chief editor of the Party press and a member of the
232:
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1946:
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1988:
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militias across Georgia, running protection rackets and waging guerrilla warfare. After meeting
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professional military officers— and formed the "Tsaritsyn group," a loose group of like-minded
437:
289:
evade capture minutes before and, to avoid a bloodbath, ordered the besieged Bolsheviks in the
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1968:
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1038:
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989:
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579:
500:. During this time, only Stalin and Trotsky were allowed to see Lenin without an appointment.
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83:
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granted his request for official control over military operations in the region to fight the
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2013:
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2008:
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71:. After being elected to the Bolshevik Central Committee in April 1917, Stalin helped
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2018:
1941:
1907:
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477:
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329:
133:
30:
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2030:
1815:
1725:
1586:
551:
497:
174:
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46:
18:
Joseph Stalin in the Russian Revolution, Russian Civil War, and Polish–Soviet War
2307:
2133:
1820:
508:
358:
220:
53:
After growing up in Georgia, Stalin conducted activities for the Bolshevik party
645:
Stalin returned to Moscow in August 1920, where he defended himself before the
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1932:
1618:
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489:
91:
1912:
1803:
1660:
1598:
567:
528:
504:
462:
374:
341:
305:
269:
142:
76:
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to lead the country; it consisted of Lenin, Stalin, Trotsky, and Sverdlov.
492:, a loose alliance of anti-Bolshevik forces. Lenin formed an eight-member
1855:
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166:
103:
68:
64:
79:
and Stalin was appointed People's Commissar for Nationalities' Affairs.
1591:
1416:
1411:
604:
589:
366:
297:
182:
111:
1004:
Ian Grey, Stalin: Man of History (New York: Doubleday & Co, 1979).
608:
237:
162:
107:
60:
730:. New York : Alfred A. Knopf. pp. xii, xxix, 10, 151–153.
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on July 18 and surrounded the Bolshevik headquarters. Stalin helped
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540:
444:
397:
386:
370:
286:
72:
627:) from Yegorov's forces to reinforce the attack on Warsaw led by
603:
In late July 1920, Yegorov moved against the then-Polish city of
281:
government struck back at the Bolsheviks. Loyalist troops raided
1267:
524:
484:
After seizing Petrograd, civil war broke out in Russia, pitting
1271:
332:, of planning a coup and dismissed him (10 September [
59:. He had been involved in a number of criminal activities as a
566:
In May 1919, Stalin was dispatched to the Western Front, near
215:), Stalin was released from exile. On March 25 he returned to
465:, the Bolsheviks formed the new revolutionary authority, the
369:
backed Lenin's wish for an exclusively Bolshevik government.
1310:
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
955:
953:
951:
938:
936:
911:
909:
907:
905:
880:
878:
507:(later known as Stalingrad, now Volgograd). Situated on the
404:
27 October] 1917, the Bolsheviks had "stormed" the
35:
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
328:
suspected his newly appointed Commander-in-Chief, General
41:
from 1922 until his death in 1953. In the years following
853:
851:
849:
847:
365:
proposed a coalition with the Mensheviks, but Stalin and
1347:
Russian Revolution, Russian Civil War, Polish–Soviet War
1316:
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
408:
and arrested most of the members of Kerensky's cabinet.
1225:
Russia in Flames: War, Revolution, Civil War, 1914-1921
1206:
Russia in Revolution: An Empire in Crisis, 1890 to 1928
473:
so that he could devote himself fully to his new role.
2379:
List of awards and honours bestowed upon Joseph Stalin
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
515:
policy. The city was also in danger of falling to the
1168:
A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution, 1891-1924
588:, which was fighting the Red Army in Byelorussia and
1826:
Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization
503:
In May 1918, Lenin dispatched Stalin to the city of
2594:
2455:
2437:
2341:
2253:
2188:
2074:
1744:
1653:
1385:
1334:
1325:
45:death in 1924, he rose to become the leader of the
2111:Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia
385:delegates and passing communications to and from
149:at a Bolshevik conference in 1906 and marrying
2219:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
701:(Oxford University Press: New York, 1967) p. 2.
312:, and was re-elected to the Central Committee.
1794:Demolition of Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
1696:Aggravation of class struggle under socialism
1557:Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance
1283:
443:On 7 December, Lenin's government formed the
8:
316:Coup of General Lavr Kornilov in August 1917
1754:1906 Bolshevik raid on the Tsarevich Giorgi
1132:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
988:Robert Service. Stalin: A Biography. 2004.
550:Stalin challenged many of the decisions of
2180:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
1331:
1290:
1276:
1268:
959:
942:
927:
915:
896:
884:
869:
857:
838:
826:
814:
802:
790:
778:
766:
247:"Unsatisfactory...a sketch with no facts."
27:Overview of Joseph Stalin during 1917–1920
1764:National delimitation in the Soviet Union
1736:Backwardness brings on beatings by others
1151:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
344:. In desperation, Kerensky turned to the
1706:Great Construction Projects of Communism
755:Joseph Stalin: a biographical companion.
611:. In mid-August, the Commander-in-Chief
574:Role in the Polish-Soviet War, 1919–1920
451:Role in the Russian Civil War, 1917–1919
380:On the morning of 6 November [
2122:Alleged 19 August 1939 speech
671:Montefiore, Simon Sebag (27 May 2010).
663:
554:, who at this time was Chairman of the
392:Early the next day, Stalin went to the
2157:Dialectical and Historical Materialism
203:Supporting revolution and saving Lenin
132:Stalin was born on December 18, 1878
1227:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1208:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1187:The Russian Revolution: A New History
1110:Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928
302:Sixth Congress of the Bolshevik party
110:, which was fighting the Red Army in
7:
2240:22nd Congress of the Communist Party
2198:20th Congress of the Communist Party
1641:19th Congress of the Communist Party
1478:18th Congress of the Communist Party
1443:17th Congress of the Communist Party
476:In March 1918, the Menshevik leader
2174:Marxism and Problems of Linguistics
1398:Anti-religious campaign (1921–1928)
596:of the South-West Front (commander
2321:Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism
2140:The History of the Communist Party
1959:Soviet offensive plans controversy
1924:Ideological repression in science
1468:1937 Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang
192:Role during the Russian Revolution
25:
2359:Generalissimo of the Soviet Union
2090:Marxism and the National Question
1251:History of the Russian Revolution
1067:Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar
1015:Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar
2682:
2681:
1999:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
1463:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
1085:Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007).
724:Sebag Montefiore, Simon (2007).
615:ordered the transfer of troops (
211:of 1917 (the first phase of the
2384:Statue of Joseph Stalin, Berlin
1520:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
1510:Occupation of the Baltic states
1204:Smith, Stephen Anthony (2017).
94:, Stalin formed alliances with
556:Revolutionary Military Council
467:Council of People's Commissars
1:
2225:Gomulka thaw (Polish October)
2036:1946–1947 Soviet famine
1609:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
1149:Stalin: Passage to Revolution
712:Stalin: A Political Biography
699:Stalin: A Political Biography
181:, arms procurement and child
2374:1956 Georgian demonstrations
1147:Suny, Ronald Grigor (2020).
102:while leading troops in the
55:for twelve years before the
2389:Stalin Monument in Budapest
2056:Night of the Murdered Poets
1974:Allegations of antisemitism
1711:Engineers of the human soul
1458:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
1434:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
1035:Stalin: The Man and His Era
128:Early life of Joseph Stalin
2724:
2429:Stalin Bloc – For the USSR
2399:Joseph Stalin Museum, Gori
1547:Soviet atomic bomb project
1223:Engelstein, Laura (2018).
577:
496:which included Stalin and
454:
213:Russian Revolution of 1917
198:Russian Revolution of 1917
195:
139:Russian Revolution of 1905
125:
57:Russian Revolution of 1917
2677:
2409:Places named after Stalin
2394:Stalin Monument in Prague
1918:Repressions in Azerbaijan
1636:1950 legislative election
1562:1946 legislative election
1473:1937 legislative election
1305:
1189:. New York: Basic Books.
153:, with whom he had a son
2230:Soviet Nonconformist Art
2146:1936 Soviet Constitution
1799:Soviet famine of 1932–33
1759:1907 Tiflis bank robbery
1731:Transformation of nature
1716:1936 Soviet Constitution
1676:Socialism in One Country
1515:German–Soviet Axis talks
1128:Service, Robert (2006).
1013:Simon Sebag Montefiore.
2354:Iosif Stalin locomotive
2097:Foundations of Leninism
2083:Anarchism or Socialism?
1964:Hitler Youth Conspiracy
1831:NKVD prisoner massacres
1483:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
1372:Death and state funeral
1185:McMeekin, Sean (2017).
1166:Figes, Orlando (1998).
1062:Montefiore, Simon Sebag
412:Establishing government
324:August] 1917,
320:In September [
291:Peter and Paul Fortress
2562:(second father-in-law)
1816:Murder of Sergey Kirov
1691:Stalinist architecture
1577:Turkish Straits crisis
1249:Trotsky, Leon (2008).
1037:, Beacon Press, 1987,
433:Simon Sebag Montefiore
243:Provisional Government
141:, organized and armed
86:that followed between
2583:William Wesley Peters
2128:Falsifiers of History
2051:Rootless cosmopolitan
1357:Rule as Soviet leader
1113:. New York: Penguin.
677:. Orion. p. 15.
578:Further information:
488:Red Army against the
455:Further information:
389:, who was in hiding.
233:Alexander Shlyapnikov
196:Further information:
90:Red Army against the
2604:Stalin's house, Gori
2535:Yevgeny Dzhugashvili
2463:Besarion Jughashvili
2404:Batumi Stalin Museum
2315:Nineteen Eighty-Four
2066:Censorship of images
1745:Crimes, repressions,
1448:1931 Menshevik Trial
1429:First five-year plan
1170:. New York: Viking.
629:Mikhail Tukhachevsky
545:Battle for Tsaritsyn
521:military specialists
310:Constituent Assembly
2596:Stalin's residences
2543:Galina Dzhugashvili
2527:Svetlana Alliluyeva
2511:Nadezhda Alliluyeva
2438:Cultural depictions
2280:Anti-Stalinist left
2235:Shvernik Commission
2203:Pospelov Commission
1979:Population transfer
1954:1941 Red Army purge
1928:Suppressed research
1582:First Indochina War
1525:Great Patriotic War
1503:Moscow Peace Treaty
1367:Cult of personality
1253:. Haymarket Books.
1130:Stalin: A Biography
1089:. New York: Knopf.
1070:. New York: Knopf.
1047:Google Print, p.189
304:, held secretly in
209:February Revolution
207:In the wake of the
2567:Alexander Svanidze
2495:Konstantin Kuzakov
2487:Yakov Dzhugashvili
2446:Apocalypse: Stalin
2419:Stalin Peace Prize
2414:State Stalin Prize
2117:"Ten Blows" speech
2104:Dizzy with Success
2014:Operation "Priboi"
1994:Operation "Lentil"
1947:1937 Soviet Census
1626:Sino-Soviet Treaty
1540:Potsdam Conference
1493:Invasion of Poland
625:Kliment Voroshilov
533:Kliment Voroshilov
519:. He opposed the “
352:October Revolution
229:Vyacheslav Molotov
151:Ekaterina Svanidze
96:Kliment Voroshilov
2695:
2694:
2652:Kholodnaya Rechka
2349:Iosif Stalin tank
2270:Lenin's Testament
2245:Era of Stagnation
2046:Mingrelian Affair
2024:Forced settlement
2009:Operation "North"
1969:Soviet war crimes
1747:and controversies
1686:Socialist realism
1649:
1648:
1631:Tito–Stalin split
1530:Tehran Conference
1453:Spanish Civil War
1424:Chinese Civil War
994:978-0-330-41913-0
737:978-1-4000-4465-8
710:Isaac Deutscher,
697:Isaac Deutscher,
684:978-0-297-86384-7
598:Alexander Yegorov
580:Soviet-Polish War
457:Russian Civil War
165:partisans in the
39:Central Committee
16:(Redirected from
2715:
2685:
2684:
2587:
2579:
2571:
2570:(brother-in-law)
2563:
2559:Sergei Alliluyev
2555:
2551:Joseph Alliluyev
2547:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2369:Pantheon, Moscow
2327:The Soviet Story
2301:Darkness at Noon
2190:De-Stalinization
2041:Leningrad Affair
1774:Decossackization
1572:1946 Iran crisis
1535:Yalta Conference
1407:Collectivization
1332:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1269:
1264:
1238:
1219:
1200:
1181:
1162:
1143:
1124:
1100:
1081:
1049:
1032:
1026:
1011:
1005:
1002:
996:
986:
963:
957:
946:
940:
931:
925:
919:
913:
900:
894:
888:
882:
873:
867:
861:
855:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
800:
794:
788:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
748:
742:
741:
721:
715:
708:
702:
695:
689:
688:
668:
617:1st Cavalry Army
394:Smolny Institute
346:Petrograd Soviet
338:march his troops
275:Petrograd Soviet
227:, Stalin ousted
21:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2673:
2669:Stalin's bunker
2619:Room at Kremlin
2609:Tiflis Seminary
2590:
2585:
2577:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2546:(granddaughter)
2545:
2537:
2529:
2521:
2513:
2505:
2503:Artyom Sergeyev
2497:
2489:
2481:
2473:
2465:
2451:
2433:
2337:
2295:True Communists
2258:
2256:
2249:
2213:Khrushchev Thaw
2184:
2151:Stalin's poetry
2070:
1938:Japhetic theory
1876:Medvedev Forest
1769:Georgian Affair
1746:
1740:
1701:Five-year plans
1645:
1614:Berlin Blockade
1604:Greek Civil War
1393:August Uprising
1381:
1362:Political views
1327:
1321:
1301:
1296:
1261:
1248:
1243:Primary Sources
1235:
1222:
1216:
1203:
1197:
1184:
1178:
1165:
1159:
1146:
1140:
1127:
1121:
1105:Kotkin, Stephen
1103:
1097:
1084:
1078:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1033:
1029:
1017:, Knopf, 2004 (
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
987:
966:
960:Montefiore 2007
958:
949:
943:Montefiore 2007
941:
934:
928:Montefiore 2007
926:
922:
916:Montefiore 2007
914:
903:
897:Montefiore 2007
895:
891:
885:Montefiore 2007
883:
876:
870:Montefiore 2007
868:
864:
858:Montefiore 2007
856:
845:
839:Montefiore 2007
837:
833:
827:Montefiore 2007
825:
821:
815:Montefiore 2007
813:
809:
803:Montefiore 2007
801:
797:
791:Montefiore 2007
789:
785:
779:Montefiore 2007
777:
773:
767:Montefiore 2007
765:
761:
751:Helen Rappaport
749:
745:
738:
723:
722:
718:
709:
705:
696:
692:
685:
670:
669:
665:
661:
656:
621:Semyon Budyonny
619:, commanded by
582:
576:
537:Semyon Budyonny
513:Prodrazvyorstka
459:
453:
426:Pulkovo Heights
414:
396:from where he,
354:
318:
205:
200:
194:
171:armed robberies
130:
124:
100:Semyon Budyonny
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2721:
2719:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
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2666:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2580:
2572:
2564:
2556:
2548:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2476:
2468:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2424:Stalin Society
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2364:Stalin statues
2361:
2356:
2351:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:Stalin Epigram
2261:
2259:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2215:
2210:
2208:Rehabilitation
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2136:
2131:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1986:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1935:
1930:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1828:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1784:Wittorf affair
1781:
1779:Dekulakization
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1721:New Soviet man
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1647:
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1623:
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1512:
1507:
1506:
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1455:
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1436:
1431:
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1414:
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1395:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1313:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1260:978-1931859455
1259:
1240:
1239:
1234:978-0199794218
1233:
1220:
1215:978-0198734826
1214:
1201:
1196:978-0465039906
1195:
1182:
1177:978-0140243642
1176:
1163:
1158:978-0691182032
1157:
1144:
1139:978-0674022584
1138:
1125:
1120:978-1594203794
1119:
1101:
1096:978-1400044658
1095:
1082:
1077:978-1400042302
1076:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1027:
1006:
997:
964:
962:, p. 352.
947:
945:, p. 351.
932:
930:, p. 343.
920:
918:, p. 350.
901:
899:, p. 354.
889:
887:, p. 349.
874:
872:, p. 281.
862:
843:
841:, p. 276.
831:
829:, p. 275.
819:
817:, p. 274.
807:
805:, p. 272.
795:
793:, p. 268.
783:
781:, p. 271.
771:
769:, p. 262.
759:
757:1999, page 330
743:
736:
716:
703:
690:
683:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
640:Sergei Kamenev
613:Sergei Kamenev
575:
572:
452:
449:
422:Yakov Sverdlov
413:
410:
353:
350:
317:
314:
293:to surrender.
235:as editors of
225:Matvei Muranov
204:
201:
193:
190:
179:assassinations
126:Main article:
123:
120:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2720:
2709:
2708:Joseph Stalin
2706:
2705:
2703:
2688:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2642:Semyonovskoye
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2584:
2581:
2576:
2573:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2552:
2549:
2544:
2541:
2536:
2533:
2528:
2525:
2520:
2519:Vasily Stalin
2517:
2514:(second wife)
2512:
2509:
2506:(adopted son)
2504:
2501:
2496:
2493:
2488:
2485:
2480:
2479:Kato Svanidze
2477:
2472:
2469:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2275:Ryutin Affair
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2255:Criticism and
2252:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2168:Order No. 270
2166:
2164:
2163:Order No. 227
2161:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:Doctors' plot
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2019:Nazino affair
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1983:German–Soviet
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1942:Slavists case
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1908:Moscow Trials
1906:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1671:Korenizatsiya
1669:
1667:
1666:Neo-Stalinism
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1552:Ili Rebellion
1550:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1299:Joseph Stalin
1293:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1262:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1043:0-8070-7005-X
1040:
1036:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1023:1-4000-4230-5
1020:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1001:
998:
995:
991:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
965:
961:
956:
954:
952:
948:
944:
939:
937:
933:
929:
924:
921:
917:
912:
910:
908:
906:
902:
898:
893:
890:
886:
881:
879:
875:
871:
866:
863:
859:
854:
852:
850:
848:
844:
840:
835:
832:
828:
823:
820:
816:
811:
808:
804:
799:
796:
792:
787:
784:
780:
775:
772:
768:
763:
760:
756:
752:
747:
744:
739:
733:
729:
728:
720:
717:
713:
707:
704:
700:
694:
691:
686:
680:
676:
675:
667:
664:
658:
653:
651:
648:
643:
641:
636:
635:Richard Pipes
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
581:
573:
571:
569:
564:
560:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
479:
478:Julius Martov
474:
472:
468:
464:
461:Upon seizing
458:
450:
448:
446:
441:
439:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
411:
409:
407:
406:Winter Palace
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
351:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:Lavr Kornilov
327:
323:
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
266:
263:
260:
255:
249:
248:
244:
240:
239:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
202:
199:
191:
189:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
135:
134:Gori, Georgia
129:
121:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:Joseph Stalin
19:
2586:(son-in-law)
2578:(son-in-law)
2575:Yuri Zhdanov
2482:(first wife)
2471:Keke Geladze
2444:
2333:Antisemitism
2325:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2290:Kremlin Plot
2217:
2155:
2139:
2126:
2031:Tax on trees
1989:Deportations
1726:Stakhanovite
1587:Eastern Bloc
1488:World War II
1441: /
1328:and politics
1250:
1242:
1241:
1224:
1205:
1186:
1167:
1148:
1129:
1108:
1087:Young Stalin
1086:
1065:
1055:Bibliography
1034:
1030:
1014:
1009:
1000:
923:
892:
865:
834:
822:
810:
798:
786:
774:
762:
754:
746:
727:Young Stalin
726:
719:
711:
706:
698:
693:
674:Young Stalin
673:
666:
644:
633:
602:
583:
565:
561:
549:
502:
483:
475:
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391:
379:
373:returned to
355:
319:
295:
282:
267:
264:
253:
250:
246:
236:
206:
187:
175:racketeering
131:
116:Leon Trotsky
81:
51:
47:Soviet Union
29:
2342:Remembrance
2308:Animal Farm
2134:Stalin Note
1821:Great Purge
1789:Great Break
1681:Great Break
1402:(1928–1941)
1318:(1946–1953)
1312:(1922–1952)
509:Lower Volga
221:Lev Kamenev
2657:Lake Ritsa
2637:Uspenskoye
2554:(grandson)
2538:(grandson)
2530:(daughter)
2285:Trotskyism
2257:opposition
1933:Lysenkoism
1619:Korean War
1498:Winter War
1386:Chronology
1377:Death toll
1342:Early life
654:References
523:”— former
517:White Army
490:White Army
279:Kerensky's
183:couriering
122:Background
92:White Army
2647:New Athos
1913:Hotel Lux
1896:Vinnytsia
1851:Chortkiv
1841:Berezwecz
1836:Berezhany
1804:Holodomor
1661:Stalinism
1599:Cominform
1335:Overviews
659:Citations
647:Politburo
568:Petrograd
529:Bolshevik
505:Tsaritsyn
494:Politburo
463:Petrograd
438:Chetverka
418:Sovnarkom
375:Petrograd
342:Petrograd
306:Petrograd
270:Kronstadt
217:Petrograd
143:Bolshevik
84:Civil War
77:Petrograd
2702:Category
2687:Category
2627:Kuntsevo
2474:(mother)
2466:(father)
1901:Zolochiv
1886:Valozhyn
1856:Kurapaty
1654:Concepts
1567:Cold War
1107:(2014).
1064:(2004).
594:Comissar
363:Zinoviev
326:Kerensky
259:Zinoviev
167:Caucasus
104:Caucasus
69:arsonist
65:gangster
33:was the
2662:Sukhumi
2623:Dachas
2614:Kureika
2004:Koreans
1891:Vileyka
1592:Comecon
1417:Sovkhoz
1412:Kolkhoz
1326:History
714:, p. 2.
590:Ukraine
552:Trotsky
525:Tsarist
498:Trotsky
486:Lenin's
367:Trotsky
359:Kamenev
298:Finland
163:Persian
112:Ukraine
88:Lenin's
82:In the
43:Lenin's
2456:Family
1881:Sambir
1257:
1231:
1212:
1193:
1174:
1155:
1136:
1117:
1093:
1074:
1041:
1021:
992:
734:
681:
609:Warsaw
586:Poland
471:Pravda
283:Pravda
254:Pravda
238:Pravda
108:Poland
61:robber
2632:Sochi
2522:(son)
2498:(son)
2490:(son)
2075:Works
1866:Lutsk
1861:Katyn
1846:Dubno
1811:Gulag
541:Lenin
445:Cheka
398:Lenin
387:Lenin
371:Lenin
287:Lenin
159:Azeri
155:Yakov
147:Lenin
73:Lenin
1871:Lviv
1439:16th
1352:Rise
1255:ISBN
1229:ISBN
1210:ISBN
1191:ISBN
1172:ISBN
1153:ISBN
1134:ISBN
1115:ISBN
1091:ISBN
1072:ISBN
1039:ISBN
1019:ISBN
990:ISBN
732:ISBN
679:ISBN
623:and
605:Lwów
535:and
402:O.S.
382:O.S.
361:and
334:O.S.
322:O.S.
231:and
223:and
161:and
98:and
67:and
600:).
340:on
37:'s
2704::
1940:,
1045:,
1025:).
967:^
950:^
935:^
904:^
877:^
846:^
753:.
547:.
428:.
185:.
177:,
173:,
118:.
63:,
49:.
2176:"
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1985:)
1981:(
1400:/
1291:e
1284:t
1277:v
1263:.
1237:.
1218:.
1199:.
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1161:.
1142:.
1123:.
1099:.
1080:.
860:.
740:.
687:.
20:)
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