2340:. While at this position, General Stilwell was exposed to concentrated rifle, machine gun and mortar fire which inflicted heavy casualties on the Chinese troops in the immediate vicinity. On 28 April, while visiting the entire front of two Chinese divisions, he spent considerable time with one of them and, while on the ground, directed the readjustment of the forces. During the entire campaign he personally directed operations in positions which were subjected to continuous enemy aerial strafing and frequent air bombardment, with utter disregard for his own personal safety. General Stilwell's outstanding example of courage and leadership in direct contact with the enemy prolonged, at a critical time and place, the resistance of the forces of the United Nations against a better armed and determined enemy, who still maintained the powerful impetus of initial assault against the Allied forces.
1161:, and the unit's regimental and battalion level surgeons, had urgently recommended for the entire 5307th to be relieved of duty and returned to rear areas for rest and recovery. By then, most of the men had fevers and continual dysentery, forcing the men to cut the seats out of their uniform trousers to fire their weapons and relieve themselves simultaneously. Stilwell rejected the evacuation recommendation but made a front line inspection of the Myitkyina lines. He then ordered all medical staff to stop returning combat troops suffering from disease or illness but to return them to combat status by using medications to keep down fevers. The feelings of many Marauders towards Stilwell were summed up by one soldier, who stated, "I had him in my sights. I coulda' squeezed one off and no one woulda' known it wasn't a Jap who got that son of a bitch."
1224:, designed to knock China out of the war once and for all. It saw half a million men and 800 tanks, supplied by 70,000 to 100,000 horses dragging wagons and 12,000 to 15,000 vehicles. The operation quickly overran Chennault's forward air bases and proved Stilwell to be correct. By then, Allied supply efforts via the Hump airlift were steadily improving in tonnage supplied per month. With the replacement of Chinese war losses, Chennault now saw little need for a ground offensive in northern Burma to reopen a ground supply route to China. Augmented with increased military equipment and additional troops and concerned about defense of the approaches to India, British authorities now sided with Stilwell.
926:, for instance, estimates that 60%β70% of Chiang's Nationalist conscripts did not make it through their basic training, with 40% deserting and the remaining 20% dying of starvation before their full induction into the military. Eventually, Stilwell's belief that Chiang's and his generals were incompetent and corrupt reached such proportions that Stilwell sought to cut off lend-lease aid to China. Stilwell, while attending the Cairo Conference, received a perceived and verbal order to plan an assassination of Chiang. Stilwell discussed this with his Aide, Col. Frank Dorn. Both were baffled, nevertheless, Stilwell delegated that task to Dorn. It was planned but was never carried out.
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918:, "Peanut" being originally intended as a code word for Chiang in official radio messages. On the contrary, the term "Peanut" was first mentioned during Stilwell's flight to the CBI Theater in March 1942. Col. Willard Wyman, a member of Stilwell's staff on that flight mentioned Chiang "...is like a peanut perched on top of a dung heap...". Chiang repeatedly expressed his pent-up grievances against Stilwell for his "recklessness, insubordination, contempt, and arrogance" to U.S. envoys to China and was angry at his obsession with going on the offensive in Burma when East China was falling into Japan's hands.
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from his personal diary contained "Boy, will this burn up the Limeys!"). Later, Stilwell blamed the length of the siege partly on
British and Gurkha Chindit forces for not promptly responding to his demands to move north in an attempt to pressure Japanese troops, but the Chindits themselves had suffered grievous casualties in several fierce pitched battles against Japanese troops in the Burmese jungles, along with losses from illness and combat exhaustion. Stilwell also had not kept his British allies clearly informed of his force movements or coordinated his offensive plans with those of General Slim.
1026:, but Calvert was so sickened by demands on his troops that he considered abusive that switched off his radios and withdrew to Stilwell's base. A court-martial was likely until Stilwell and Calvert met in person, the latter being ready to trade punches. Stilwell finally appreciated the conditions under which the Chindits had been operating, apologized by blaming his staff officers for not receiving correct information, and allowed him and his men to withdraw. He finally said to Calvert, "You and your boys have done a great job. I congratulate you". Stilwell also awarded number of medals including a
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services to the
Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility during World War I. As Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2, 4th Army Corps, during the St. Mihiel offensive, and later during the operations in the Woevre, Lieutenant Colonel Stilwell displayed military attainments of a high order. With great energy and zeal he pursued the developments of the enemy activities on the corps front, securing invaluable information which assisted in a marked degree to the planning of the operations. He contributed by the excellent performance of his task to the success of the operations.
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fight the
Japanese in the China-Burma-India theater (CBI). Stilwell argued that the CBI was the only area with the possibility for the Allies to engage large numbers of troops against their common enemy, Japan. Unfortunately, the huge airborne logistical train of support from the US to British India was still being organized, and supplies being flown over the Hump were barely sufficient to maintain Chennault's air operations and replace some of the Chinese war losses, let alone equip and supply an entire army.
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involved committing
Chinese forces to do-or-die engagements or if Chinese troops were removed from his immediate control to bases in India. Mitter viewed Chiang as correct in attempting to husband China's resources after the serious losses in 1937 to 1941. Mitter also supported the view that Chennault could have accomplished much more if Stilwell had not diverted a large proportion of lend-lease equipment to the Chinese troops in India. Mitter factored in the impact of the collaborationist
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1379:] sank back with a sigh. The harpoon hit the little bugger right in the solar plexus and went right through him. It was a clean hit, but beyond turning green and losing his powers of speech, he did not bat an eye." The British journalist Jonathan Fenby wrote about Roosevelt's letter, "Unless the President was ready for America to take over effective control of China, or halt Lend-Lease supplies and abandon the KMT to its fate, his stern words merely amounted to bluff."
333:. He spent the majority of his tenure striving for a 90-division army trained by American troops and equipped with American lend-lease and fighting to reclaim Burma from the Japanese. His efforts led to friction with Chiang who viewed troops not under his immediate control as a threat and who saw the Chinese communists as a greater rival than Japan. An early American popular hero of the war for leading a column walking out of Burma pursued by the victorious
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441:. Under the discretion of his father, Stilwell was then placed into a postgraduate course and immediately formed a group of friends whose activities ranged from card playing to stealing the desserts from the senior dance in 1900. The last event in which an administrator was punched led to the expulsions and suspensions for Stilwell's friends. Meanwhile, since he had already graduated, Stilwell was once again by his father's guidance sent to attend the
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1138:. In support of that objective, the Marauders were ordered to undertake a long flanking maneuver towards the town that involved a grueling 65-mile jungle march. Having been deployed since February in combat operations in the jungles of Burma, the Marauders were seriously depleted, suffered from both combat losses and disease, and lost additional men en route to the objective. A particularly devastating scourge was a severe outbreak of
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1209:, Chennault proposed a limited air offensive against the Japanese in China in 1943 by using a series of forward air bases. Stilwell insisted that the idea was untenable and that any air campaign should not begin until fully fortified air bases, supported by large ground forces, had been established. Stilwell then argued for all air resources to be diverted to his forces in India for an early conquest of northern Burma.
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significant numbers of well-equipped
Japanese troops, who were steadily being reinforced. A preliminary attack on the town by two Chinese regiments was thrown back with heavy losses. The Marauders did not have the manpower to overwhelm Myitkyina and its defenses immediately. When additional Chinese forces had arrived in a position to attack, the Japanese forces totaled some 4,600 fanatical Japanese defenders.
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1231:, Allied troops under Stilwell's command launched the long-awaited invasion of northern Burma. After heavy fighting and casualties, both forces linked up in January 1945. Stilwell's strategy remained unchanged: opening a new ground supply route from India to China would allow the Allies to equip and train new Chinese army divisions to be used against the Japanese. The new road network, later called the
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541:. Stilwell often gave harsh critiques of performance in field exercises, and a subordinate, stung by the caustic remarks, drew a caricature of Stilwell rising out of a vinegar bottle. After discovering the caricature, Stilwell pinned it to a board and had the drawing photographed and distributed to friends. Yet another indication of his view of life was the motto he kept on his desk:
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854:, to train Chinese troops which had retreated to Assam from Burma. Stilwell's decision to establish the center at Ramgarh met with opposition from several senior British commanders, including Wavell, primarily due to logistical reasons. Chinese soldiers at the center received medical care along with new weapons and uniforms and were trained how to operate artillery,
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commander-in-chief. Chiang gave
Stilwell technical overall command of some Chinese troops but worried that the new US-led forces would become yet another independent force outside of his control. Since 1942, members of his staff had continually objected to Chinese troops being used in Burma for what they viewed as returning the country to British colonial control.
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against the
Japanese in North China... The Generalissimo regards these armies as the chief threat to his supremacy... has made no sincere attempt to arrange at least a truce with them for the duration of the war... No diplomatic genius could have overcome the Generalissimo's basic unwillingness to risk his armies in battle with the Japanese.
1414:, who received a telegram from Marshall on October 27, 1944, that directed him to proceed to China to assume command of the China Theatre and replace Stilwell. Wedemeyer later recalled his initial dread over the assignment, as service in the China Theater was considered to be a graveyard for American officials, both military and diplomatic.
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to fly a more southerly route without fear of
Japanese fighters. American airplanes no longer had to make the dangerous venture over the Hump, which raised the delivery of supplies from 18,000 tons in June 1944 to 39,000 tons in November 1944. On August 1, 1945, planes crossed the Hump a minute and twelve seconds apart from one another.
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any
Marauder with a temperature lower than 103 degrees Fahrenheit. Some of the men who were passed and sent back into combat were immediately re-evacuated as unfit at the insistence of forward medical personnel. Later, Stilwell's staff placed blame on Army medical personnel for over-zealously interpreting his return-to-duty order.
422:, under a strict regimen from his father that included an emphasis on religion. Stilwell later admitted to his daughter that he picked up criminal instincts by "being forced to go to Church and Sunday School, and seeing how little real good religion does anybody, I advise passing them all up and using common sense instead."
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own power by using jungle trails, Stilwell found it difficult to sympathize with those who had been in combat in the jungle for months on end without relief. In retrospect, his statements then revealed a lack of understanding of the limitations of lightly equipped unconventional forces that were used in conventional roles.
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973:"Whatever the fiasco, aplomb is unbroken. Mistakes, failures, stupidities and other causes of disaster mysteriously vanish. Disasters are recorded with care and pride and become transmuted into things of beauty. Official histories record every move in monumental and infinite detail but the details serve to obscure."
1373:, Roosevelt's special envoy in China, to delay in delivering the message and to work on a deal that would achieve Stilwell's aim in a way that was more acceptable to Chiang. Stilwell wrote in his diary about handing over Roosevelt's message: "I handed this bundle of paprika to the Peanut and than [
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General
Stilwell in command of all forces in China, we are faced with the loss of a critical area... with possible catastrophic consequences." Roosevelt ended his ultimatum to Chiang by the threat to end all American aid unless Chiang "at once" placed Stilwell "in unrestricted command of all your forces."
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seen fit to heap upon them." Chiang delivered a speech before the Central Executive Committee of the Nationalist Party that was leaked to the press and called Roosevelt's letter a form of imperialism and stated that accepting Roosevelt's demands would make him no different from the Japanese collaborator
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in his honor, but because of the erosion of the bluffs over the decades, the building was taken down in 2003. Stilwell's former residence in Chongqing, a city along the Yangtze River to which Chiang's government retreated after it had been forced from Nanjing by Japanese troops, has been converted to
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argued that Stilwell never appreciated that his position as Chiang's chief of staff to Chiang did not give him as much authority as Marshall had in his position as army chief of staff. Chiang, not Stilwell, was the Chinese forces' commander-in chief, and Chiang resisted Stilwell's initiatives if they
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The decision to relieve General Stilwell represents the political triumph of a moribund, anti-democratic regime that is more concerned with maintaining its political supremacy than in driving the Japanese out of China. The Chinese Communists... have good armies that are now fighting guerrilla warfare
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recorded that Stilwell was a lifelong Republican: "he retained the family Republicanism and joined naturally in the exhilarating exercise of Roosevelt-hating." Later, on the occasion that Stilwell met the president, she noted: "At home, Stilwell was a conventional Republican who shared the sentiments
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In November, Stilwell was appointed to lead a "War Department Equipment Board" in an investigation of the Army's modernization in light of its recent experience. Among his recommendations was the establishment of a combined arms force to conduct extended service tests of new weapons and equipment and
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Chennault later claimed that Stilwell had deliberately ordered Sino-American forces out of Guilin as a way of creating a crisis that would force Chiang to give up command of his armies to Stilwell. Stilwell's diary supported Chennault's claim, as Stilwell wrote that if a crisis emerged that was "just
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In the end, Stilwell's plans to train and to modernize 30 Chinese divisions in China and two or three divisions from forces that were already in India was never fully realized. As Chennault predicted, the supplies carried over the Ledo Road never approached in tonnage the levels of supplies airlifted
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Using those figures, Stilwell argued that the Ledo Road network would greatly surpass the tonnage being airlifted over the Hump. Chennault doubted that such an extended network of trails through difficult jungle could ever match the tonnage that could be delivered with modern cargo transport aircraft
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Stilwell believed that after forcing a supply route through northern Burma by a ground offensive against the Japanese, he could train and equip 30 Chinese divisions with modern combat equipment. A smaller number of Chinese forces would transfer to India, where two or three new Chinese divisions would
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During the siege, Japanese soldiers resisted fiercely and generally fought to the last man. As a result, Myitkyina did not fall until August 4, 1944, after Stilwell was forced to send in thousands of Chinese reinforcements, but Stilwell was pleased that the objective had at last been taken (his notes
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By then, the men of the Marauders had openly begun to suspect Stilwell's commitment to their welfare and made no effort to hide their displeasure with their hard-driving commander. Despite their sacrifices, Stilwell appeared unconcerned about their losses and had rejected repeated requests for medals
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had given priority to other theaters for US combat forces, equipment, and logistical support. The closure of the Burma Road and the fall of Burma made it extremely difficult even to replace Chinese war losses. This jeopardized the Allies' initial strategy, which was to maintain the Chinese resistance
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His diary entry for 1 September 1945 (in Yokohama) stated in part, "What a kick to stare at the arrogant, ugly, moon-faced, buck-toothed, bowlegged bastards, and realize where this puts them. Many newly demobilized soldiers around. Most police salute. People generally just apathetic. We gloated over
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Searching the offices, Wedemeyer could find no documentary record of Stilwell's plans or records of his former or future operations. General Wedemeyer then spoke with Stilwell's staff officers but learned little from them because Stilwell, according to the staff, kept everything in his "hip pocket".
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When Wedemeyer actually arrived at Stilwell's headquarters after the latter's dismissal, Wedemeyer was dismayed to discover that Stilwell had intentionally departed without seeing him and had not left a single briefing paper for his guidance. Most other departing US military commanders greeted their
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On 12 October 1944, Hurley reported to Washington that Stilwell was a "fine man, but was incapable of understanding or co-operating with Chiang Kai-shek" and went on to say that if Stilwell remained in command, all of China might be lost to the Japanese. Before sending his cable, Hurley showed it to
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Stilwell pressed Chiang and the British to take immediate actions to retake Burma, but Chiang demanded impossibly large amounts of supplies before he would agree to take offensive action, and the British refused to meet their previous pledges to provide naval and ground troops because of Churchill's
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Additionally, critical supplies intended for the CBI were being diverted to various crises in other combat theaters. Of the supplies that made it over the Hump, some were diverted by Chinese and American personnel to the black market for their personal enrichment. As a result, most Allied commanders
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Benjamin Stilwell and Mary A. Peene. Stilwell was an eighth-generation descendant of an English colonist who had arrived in America in 1638 and whose descendants remained in New York until the birth of Stilwell's father. Named for a family friend and the doctor who delivered him, Stilwell, known as
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on August 1, 1944, was recalled from his command by Roosevelt. Partly as a result of controversy concerning the casualties suffered by US forces in Burma and partly because of the continuing difficulties with the British and Chinese commanders, Stilwell's return to the US was not accompanied by the
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Stilwell appealed directly to Roosevelt for help with his dispute with Chiang and so Roosevelt sent Chiang a message: "I have urged time and again in recent months that you take drastic action to resist the disaster which has been moving closer to China and to you. Now, when you have not yet placed
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When supplies were flowing over the Ledo Road in large quantities, operations in other theaters had shaped the course of the war against Japan. Stilwell's drive into northern Burma, however, allowed Air Transport Command to fly supplies into China more quickly and safely by allowing American planes
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Bereft of further combat replacements for his hard-pressed Marauder battalions, Stilwell felt that he had no choice but to continue offensive operations with his existing forces by using the Marauders as "the point of the spear" until they had achieved all their objectives or been wiped out. He was
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in preference to a sidearm. His hazardous march out of Burma and his bluntly honest assessment of the disaster captured the imagination of the American public: "I claim we got a hell of a beating. We got run out of Burma and it is humiliating as hell. I think we ought to find out what caused it, go
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The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Lieutenant General Joseph Warren Stilwell, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism and conspicuous bravery in action while in command of
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Tuchman also noted Stilwell's use in letters and diaries of a catalogue of now-insulting words: "he used easily and seemingly without pejorative content." These terms included "limeys for the English, frogs for the French ('met a frog and his wife on shipboard'), huns and squareheads for Germans,
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Chiang called Roosevelt's letter the "greatest humiliation I have been subjected to in my life" and stated that it was "all too obvious that the United States intends to intervene in China's internal affairs." Chiang told Hurley that the Chinese people were "tired of the insults which Stilwell has
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In his diary, Stilwell wrote: "What they ought to do is to shoot the G-mo and Ho and the rest of the gang." He ordered the American troops to pull out of Guilin and managed to persuade a reluctant Chiang to accept the loss of the city. The clash over Guilin was only a prelude to another clash in
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in Burma, informed Stilwell that his men were exhausted and should be withdrawn, Stilwell rejected the idea by insisting that his subordinate commanders simply did not understand enlisted men and their tendency to magnify physical challenges. Having made his own "long march" out of Burma under his
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Stilwell also ordered that all Marauders evacuated from combat from wounds or fever first submit to a special medical "examination" by doctors appointed by his headquarters staff. These examinations passed many ailing soldiers as fit for duty; Stilwell's staff roamed hospital hallways in search of
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On May 17, the 1,310 remaining Marauders attacked Myitkyina airfield in concert with elements of two Chinese infantry regiments and a small artillery contingent. The airfield was quickly taken, but the town, which Stilwell's intelligence staff had believed to be lightly defended, was garrisoned by
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had rejected a plan by Stilwell to fly his Chinese troops to northern Burma, Field Marshal Archibald Wavell, asked whether Stilwell was satisfied on purely military grounds that the plan could not work. Stilwell replied that he was. Wavell then asked what Stilwell would say to Chiang, and Stilwell
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that Chinese troops had captured Mogaung but not referring to the British. The Chindits were outraged, and Calvert famously signaled to Stilwell's headquarters, "Chinese reported taking Mogaung. My Brigade now taking umbrage." Stilwell's son was an intelligence officer and said that Umbrage was so
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and apparently came to believe that the British in India were more concerned with protecting their colonial possessions than helping the Chinese fight the Japanese. In August 1943, as a result of constant feuding and conflicting objectives of British, American, and Chinese commands, along with the
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Chiang was also infuriated at Stilwell's strict control of US lend lease supplies to China. Instead of confronting Stilwell or communicating his concerns to Marshall and Roosevelt when they asked Chiang to assess Stilwell's leadership after the Allied disaster in Burma, Chiang reiterated his "full
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Stilwell left the defeated Chinese troops, and escaped Burma in 1942. Chiang had given him nominal command of these troops, though Chinese generals later admitted that they had considered Stilwell as an "adviser" and sometimes took orders directly from Chiang. Chiang was outraged by what he saw as
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From the outset, Stilwell's primary goals were the opening of a land route to China from northern Burma and India by means of a ground offensive in northern Burma to allow more supplies to be transported to China and to organize, equip, and train a reorganized and competent Chinese army that would
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In following Chennault's advice, Chiang rejected the proposal, and British commanders sided with Chennault since they were aware that they could not launch a co-ordinated Allied offensive into Burma in 1943 with the resources that were available. During the summer of 1943, Stilwell's headquarters
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The content in Stilwellβs diaries is contradicted by his speaking out for Japanese-American servicemen threatened with racist incidents postwar. Because of his statements, Stilwell was recruited by the War Department to support Japanese-American servicemen. He attended rallies against racism and
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The British and the Chinese were ill-equipped and more often than not on the receiving end of Japanese offensives. Chiang was interested in conserving his troops and Allied lend-lease supplies to be used against any sudden Japanese offensive and against Communist forces in a later civil war. His
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The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Lieutenant Colonel (Infantry) Joseph Warren Stilwell (ASN: 0-1912), United States Army, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished
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took on even the most highly trained troops or the incapacity of lightly armed fast-moving jungle guerrilla forces to dislodge heavily armed regular infantry that was supported by artillery. Accordingly, Stilwell abused both Chindits and Marauders and earned the contempt of both units and their
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During his time in India, Stilwell became increasingly disenchanted with British forces and did not hesitate to voice criticisms of what he viewed as hesitant or cowardly behavior. Of the Chindit casualties, 90% were incurred in the last phase of the campaign from 17 May, while they were under
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and adopted the tone of the Roosevelt-haters, in which he was influenced by his brother John, an extremist of the species." Elsewhere she notes that in the view of an unnamed, close friend, "Stilwell was liberal and sympathetic by instinct. But he was conservative in thought and politics."
1302:, which was also being threatened by the Japanese advance. After meeting with Chiang, Stilwell wrote in his diary that Chiang was a "crazy little bastard with that hickory nut he uses for a head.... Usual cockeyed reasons and idiotic tactical and strategic conceptions. He is impossible!"
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Rana Mitter, "Forgotten Ally: China's World War II. 1937β1945" (Boston; New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2013). Complete re-examination of the Chinese wars with Japan which argues that the memory of 'betrayals' by Britain, America, and Russia continues to influence China's worldview
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at Okinawa after the latter's death. During the last year of the war, however, the US was strained to meet all its military obligations. The cargo aircraft diverted to supply Stilwell, the 14th Air Force for the Chinese in the East made airdrop-dependent campaigns in the West, such as
768:'s proposals for the war against the Japanese to be continued largely using existing Chinese forces supported by air forces, which Chennault assured Chiang to be feasible. The dilemma forced Chennault and Stilwell into competition for the valuable lend-lease supplies arriving over the
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The first step to fighting the war for Stilwell was the reformation of the Chinese Army. The reforms clashed with the delicate balance of political and military alliances in China, which kept Chiang in power. Reforming the army meant removing men who maintained Chiang's position as
590:. However, he and the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff were skeptical about the operation and believed military planners underestimated the risk of submarine attacks interfering with the amphibious landings. He also believed that Allied military planners were too lenient towards
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as yet another major force in China. Stilwell's mastery of written and spoken Chinese made him the default American choice for the China command. Mitter projected that his talents could have been far better employed in North Africa, as Marshall had originally planned.
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Stilwell was infuriated by the rampant corruption of Chiang's regime. Stilwell faithfully kept a diary in which he began to note the corruption and the amount of money ($ 380,584,000 in 1944 dollars) being wasted on the procrastinating Chiang and his government. The
1603:. He remarked: "Who after all is the real American? The real American is the man who calls it a fair exchange to lay down his life in order that American ideals may go on living. And judging by such a test, Sgt. Masuda was a better American than any of us today."
1665:. Stilwell bypassed Chiang, his theater commander, and had gotten Mao to agree to follow an American commander. Stilwell's confrontational approach in the power struggle with Chiang ultimately led to Chiang's determination to have Stilwell recalled to the US.
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the Chinese Forces in Burma during the Spring of 1942. General Stilwell's presence and personal example in an exposed position in the front lines of a Chinese division on 23 April 1942, inspired the unit to a renewed effort which resulted in the capture of
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with Japan, which would free many Japanese divisions to fight elsewhere, and that Roosevelt wanted to placate Chiang. The power struggle over the China Theater that emerged among Stilwell, Chennault, and Chiang reflected US political divisions of the time.
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Myitkyina and the dispute over evacuation policy precipitated a hurried Army Inspector General investigation, followed by US congressional committee hearings, but no disciplinary measure was taken against Stilwell for his decisions as overall commander.
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In other respects, however, Stilwell was a skilled tactician in the US Army's land warfare tradition, with a deep appreciation of the logistics required of campaigning in rough terrain, which caused his dedication to (perhaps even obsession with) the
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also be raised. That plan then remained only theoretical since the limited available airlift capacity for deliveries of supplies to China over the Hump was being used to sustain Chennault's air operations, instead of equipping Chinese ground units.
1111:, Stilwell built up his Chinese forces for an eventual offensive in northern Burma. On December 21, 1943, Stilwell assumed direct control of planning for the invasion of northern Burma that culminated with the capture of the Japanese-held town of
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Seeing that act as a move toward the complete subjugation of China, Chiang gave a formal reply in which he said that Stilwell must be replaced immediately and that Chiang would welcome any other qualified US general to fill Stilwell's position.
644:. Despite his status and position in China, he became involved in conflicts with other senior Allied officers over the distribution of lend-lease materiel, Chinese political sectarianism and proposals to incorporate Chinese and US forces in the
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pointed out that Stilwell's Chinese 5,500 troops had also failed in that task. By 14 July, Morris Force was down to three platoons. A week later, it had only 25 men fit for duty. Morris Force was evacuated about the same time as 77th Brigade.
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project for which he received several awards, including the Distinguished Service Cross and the US Army Distinguished Service Medal. The trust that Stilwell placed in men of real insight and character in understanding China, particularly the
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A different perspective on the same "regret" is given in the final chapter of Tuchman's book: it "represented for Stilwell, as for so many others, an inclination toward the Chinese Communists that was simply the obverse of disgust with the
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Stilwell's walkout separated him from the approximately 100,000 Chinese troops still there. 25 thousand of them would later perish during their retreat due to the harsh jungle conditions, poor logistics, and Japanese military operations.
1800:. The Nationalists were in turn viewed as hopelessly reactionary and corrupt, a view that was then shared by many of the US press corps in China. The negative image of the Nationalists in the US played a significant factor in President
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968:. "The limeys are welshing," he wrote in his diary and of the plan that seemed to him as nothing more than "fancy charts, false figures and dirty intentions". He sent Brigadier General Boatner to brief the Joint Staffs and Roosevelt.
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Arguably, if Stilwell had been given the number of American regular infantry divisions that he had continually requested, the US experience in China and Burma could have been very different. Certainly, his Army peers, General
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viewed the Communists as benign and Stilwell as a victim of a corrupt regime. The ousting of Stilwell fermented the disillusionment of US policymakers with Chiang that culminated in the 1947 end of American assistance to the
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Andrew Roberts, "Masters and Commanders: How Four Titans Won the War in the West, 1941β1945" (New York: Harper Perennial. 2010). Presents a harsher picture of Stilwell in course of examining Churchill, Roosevelt, Brook, and
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also concerned that pulling out the Marauders, the only US ground unit in the campaign, would result in charges of favoritism and force him to evacuate the exhausted Chinese and British Chindit forces as well. When General
1123:. In February 1944, three Marauder battalions marched into Burma. Stilwell was at the Ledo Road front when the Marauders arrived at their jump-off point, but the general did not walk out to the road to bid them farewell.
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wops for Italians, chinks or chinos for Chinese, googs for Filipinos, niggers or coons for Negroes." At the end of the war, Tuchman stated that he took "a harsh pleasure in touring the gutted and burned-out districts of
1084:, later recalled Stilwell's appointment of a staff officer specially detailed by him to visit subordinate commands to chastise their officers and men as being "yellow." In October 1943, after the Joint Planning Staff at
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personally presented the family of 442nd Regimental Combat Team staff sergeant Kazuo Masuda, killed in action in Italy in 1944, with the Distinguished Service Cross. In an event at Santa Ana, CA also attended by actors
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sufficient to get rid of the Peanut without entirely wrecking the ship, it would be worth it." Stilwell went on to write that the entire Nationalist system had to be "torn to bits" and that Chiang would have to go.
1259:
monthly into China by the Hump. In July 1945, 71,000 tons of supplies were flown over the Hump, compared to 6,000 tons using the Ledo Road, and the airlift operation continued in operation until the end of the war.
464:
which he referred to as "hell." At West Point, Stilwell showed an aptitude for languages such as French in which he ranked first in his class during his second year. In sports, Stilwell is credited with introducing
1683:
fighters. One of the disagreements was with the equally acerbic General Chennault, who Stilwell felt to overvalue the effectiveness of air power against massed ground troops, as was demonstrated by the fall of the
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After the collapse of the Allied defenses in Burma, which cut China off from all land and sea supply routes, Stilwell declined an airlift offer from General Chennault and led his staff of 117 out of Burma into
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Stilwell's admirers saw him as having been given inadequate resources and incompatible objectives. Critics viewed him as a hard-charging officer whose temperament and conduct towards Chiang contributed to the
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After the Japanese occupied Burma, China was almost completely cut off from Allied aid and materiel except through the hazardous route of flying cargo aircraft over the Hump. Early on, Roosevelt and the
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During World War II, he praised the Soviet military and said that "the Russian troops appeared to advantage, and those who believe the Red Army is rotten would do well to reconsider their views."
614:, his superiors decided to reassign him. When it became necessary to send a senior officer to China to keep it in the war, Stilwell was selected, over his own personal objections, by US President
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398:
1049:. On 8 July, at the insistence of Mountbatten, doctors examined the brigade. Of the 2200 men present from four-and-a-half battalions, only 119 were declared fit. The brigade was evacuated.
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tanks. By the end of December 1942, 32,000 Chinese troops were being trained at the center to create the 22nd and 38th Divisions along with three artillery regiments and a tank battalion.
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George Marshall's biennial report covering July 1, 1943, to June 30, 1945, acknowledged that he had given Stilwell "one of the most difficult" assignments of any theater commander.
575:. It was there that his leadership style which emphasized concern for the average soldier and minimized ceremonies and officious discipline, earned him the nickname of "Uncle Joe."
711:
whose supreme commander was Mountbatten). During his tenure, there were hardly any American combat forces in the theater, and Stilwell commanded Chinese troops almost exclusively.
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lack of a coherent strategic vision for the China Burma India (CBI) theater, the Combined Chiefs of Staff split the CBI command into separate Chinese and Southeast Asia Theaters.
401:
on Stillwell, concluded he failed to accomplish an impossible task notwithstanding his indomitable will, and the failure lay with the Chinese's innate rejection of Western means.
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34.3 (November 2003): 243β259. Revisionist study argues that Stilwell misunderstood Chiang's military strategy, which was actually flexible and well founded in Chinese realities.
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for individual acts of heroism. Initial promises of a rest and rotation were ignored, and the Marauders were not even air-dropped replacement uniforms or mail until late April.
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Despite missing the deadline to apply for congressional appointment to the military academy, Stilwell gained entry through the use of family connections, via which US President
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Mountbatten. Taking command of various Chinese and Allied forces, including a new US Army special operations formation, the 5307th Composite Unit (Provisional), later known as
730:", an approach partially adopted by the British later in 1944. During the early stages of the conflict both the British and the Americans underestimated the Japanese. Captain
5657:
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General Stilwell is one of five general officers who have been awarded the honorary Combat Infantryman Badge (CIB) for service while a general officer, along with General
1875:. The Soldiers' Club that he envisioned in 1940, when there was no such thing as a soldiers' club in the army, was completed in 1943 at Fort Ord on the bluffs overlooking
672:(CBI). In that position, Stilwell had three major roles: commander of all US forces in China, Burma, and India; deputy commander of the Burma-India Theater under Admiral
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Stilwell did not appreciate the developments in warfare brought about by World War II, including strategic air power and the use of highly trained infantrymen as jungle
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replacement to have them thoroughly briefed on the strengths and the weaknesses of headquarters staff, the issues confronting the command, and the planned operations.
1639:, Tuchman wrote that Stilwell was sacrificed as a political expedient because of his inability to get along with his allies in the theater. Some historians, such as
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Although Chiang succeeded in removing Stilwell, the public relations damage suffered by the Nationalist regime was irreparable. Right before Stilwell's departure,
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football team. At West Point, he had two demerits for laughing during drill. Ultimately, Stilwell graduated with the class of 1904 and ranked 32nd out 124 cadets.
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1037:, after it rested, had orders to capture a hill known as Point 2171. That occurred, but the men were now utterly exhausted. Most of them were suffering from
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In India, Stilwell soon became well-known for his no-nonsense demeanor and his disregard for military pomp and ceremony. His trademarks were a battered Army
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General Stilwell Pins D.S.C. on Sister of Nisei Hero in Ceremony at Masuda Ranch. (1945, December 15). The Citizen, p. 2. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from
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A very different interpretation of events suggests that Stilwell, pressing for his full command of all Chinese forces, had made diplomatic inroads with the
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concentrated on plans to rebuild the Chinese Army for an offensive in northern Burma despite Chiang's insistence on support to Chennault's air operations.
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Only a week after the fall of Myitkyina in Burma, the 5307th Marauder force, down to only 130 combat-effective men of the original 2,997, was disbanded.
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that were then being deployed in the theater. Progress on the Ledo Road was slow and could not be completed until the linkup of forces in January 1945.
559:
Between the wars, Stilwell served three tours in China, where he mastered spoken and written Chinese and was the military attachΓ© at the US legation in
945:'s Communists after the end of the war against the Japanese. From 1942 to 1944, however, 98% of US military aid over the Hump had gone directly to the
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https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Stilwell_and_the_Chindits/vTgRBQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=joseph+stilwell+ramgarh&printsec=frontcover
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A number of streets, buildings, and areas across the country have been named for Stilwell over the years, including Joseph Stilwell Middle School in
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2286:
749:, the main British force left two brigades on the wrong side after prematurely blowing up the bridge. During an ambush against incoming Japanese at
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usual ceremony. Upon arrival, he was met by two army generals at the airport, who told him not to answer any of the media questions about China.
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was known as Morris Force, after its commander, Lieutenant-Colonel "Jumbo" Morris. It had spent several months harassing Japanese traffic from
795:, India, on foot. They marched at what his men called the "Stilwell stride" of 105 paces per minute. Two of the men accompanying him, his aide
1286:, a city that was besieged by the Japanese. Chiang wanted Guilin defended to the last man, but Stilwell claimed that Guilin was a lost cause.
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confidence and trust" in Stilwell but countermanded some of the orders to Chinese units issued by Stilwell in his capacity as Chief of Staff.
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1672:, Stilwell had once expressed his regret of never having the opportunity to fight alongside the Chinese Communists, especially with General
699:" and did not report to an overall American commander. The China Theater came under the operational command of Chiang, the commander of the
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Eventually, Stilwell began to complain openly to Roosevelt that Chiang was hoarding U.S. Lend-Lease supplies because he wanted to keep the
745:
The situation was not helped by multiple incidents of miscommunication and insubordination. In February 1942, while retreating across the
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as the primary supply route to China. Stilwell's staff planners had estimated the route would supply 65,000 tons of supplies per month.
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cf. Tuchman, p. 489, on the strain the beefed up air transport in support of Chennault's 14th Air Force placed on operations in Europe.
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With the establishment of the new South East Asia Command in August 1943, Stilwell was appointed deputy supreme allied commander under
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to Myitkyina. It had then attempted to complete the encirclement of Myitkyina. Stilwell was angered that it was unable to do so, but
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units. His most notable recommendation was for a vast improvement of the army's defenses against all airborne threats, including
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on October 12, 1946, at the Presidio of San Francisco. He was still on active duty and five months short of reaching the army's
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and staring at the once arrogant now living in shanties of scrap lumber and tin and scratching in the dirt to plant onions."
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were hampered in part by disagreements between Chennault and Stilwell. Stilwell also clashed with Chiang over the question of
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1948:
1936:
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1868:-style house remains a private residence. A commemorative stone plaque has been placed on the left-hand side of the house.
1831:, which became a stumbling block to smooth co-operation between American and British forces in Asia. The British historian
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Stilwell's direct command. The British viewed the situation quite differently and pointed out that from 6 June to 27 June,
960:
Stilwell countered Mountbatten's January 1944 attempt to once again change the plans to favor an amphibious assault in the
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In 1910, he married Winifred Alison Smith (1889β1972). They were the parents of five children, including Brigadier General
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and the Marauders to start long-range jungle penetration missions behind Japanese lines after the pattern of the British
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586:, Stilwell had been recognized as the Army's top corps commander, and he was initially selected to plan and command the
188:
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1766:, woefully short of aircraft, although bad weather during the Arnhem Campaign may have been a more important factor.
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The Allied forces were beset by a difference in strategies. Chiang, having fought against Japan since 1937, favored "
5004:(Washington: Department of the Army, Historical Division, 1956). Official Army history with extensive documentation.
2020:
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Hans Van de Ven, "Stilwell in the Stocks: The Chinese Nationalists and the Allied Powers in the Second World War,"
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Despite prompting by the news media, Stilwell never complained about his treatment by either Washington or Chiang.
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31:
2014:
907:, his best army, without orders and began to question Stilwell's capability and judgment as a military commander.
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forces, which was often repeated by Stilwell's staff, did not sit well with British and Commonwealth commanders.
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322:
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5116:, Stilwell's executive assistant in Burma (as of 1944) and son-in-law, are online, with the originals among the
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1796:, saw the Communist forces as a democratic movement. After Atkinson visited Mao, his article on his visit was
1157:
During the siege, which took place during the height of the monsoon season, the Marauders' second-in-command,
425:
Stilwell's rebellious attitude led him to a record of unruly behavior once he reached a postgraduate level at
361:
advocate that Stilwell had to be replaced. Chiang had been intent on keeping Lend-Lease supplies to fight the
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Niiya, Brian. Kazuo Masuda. (2018, January 11). Densho Encyclopedia. Retrieved 00:18, November 21, 2022 from
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The General Joseph Stilwell House was built between 1933 and 1934, located at 26218 Inspiration Avenue, in
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753:, only the Chinese 5th Army stayed in position. The British pulled back, fearing encirclement, while the
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aid to China would be cut off. The resulting friction atop an already tense relationship made Ambassador
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1250:, map of Ledo Road (later renamed Stilwell Road) approved by the US Forces India Burma theater engineer.
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One of the most significant conflicts to emerge during the war was between General Stilwell and General
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184:
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2004:
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Stilwell diaries at the Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University, Transcribed Diary for 1945,
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1489:, dispatched in accordance with electronically computed data obtained from radar detection stations."
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Pictures of Stilwell in the Coal Heritage Park & Museum, Margherita, Assam, located not far from
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572:
429:. Prior to his last year, Stilwell had performed meticulously in his classes and had participated in
5424:
5048:(London; New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003). Expands revisionist view including longer period of time.
3281:
Jay Taylor, Stilwell's The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China, pp. 271
3245:
Wesley Marvin Bagby, The Eagle-Dragon Alliance: America's Relations with China in World War II, p.96
2061:
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1827:
quoted Stilwell's disparaging remarks about the British war effort in Asia to illustrate his strong
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2132:
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337:, his implacable demands for units debilitated by disease to be sent into heavy combat resulted in
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2312:. Generals are not allowed to be awarded the CIB. The CIB is only available to colonels and below.
2075:
537:
Stilwell is often remembered by his sobriquet, "Vinegar Joe," which he acquired as a commander at
5957:
5938:
5738:
5400:
5273:
4946:, London: Michael Joseph, 1961. First-hand account of the fighting in Burma by a Chindit officer.
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3113:
The Flying Tiger: The True Story of General Claire Chennault and the U.S. 14th Air Force in China
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1962:
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2759:
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796:
5448:
1464:, the largest Japanese home island. The Tenth Army was disbanded on 15 October 1945, after the
680:, the commander of all Nationalist Chinese forces as well as commander of the Chinese Theater.
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811:(1943) respectively. The Assam route was used by other retreating Allied and Chinese forces.
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An outraged Stilwell began to call Chiang "the little dummy" or "Peanut" in his reports to
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822:, GI shoes, and a plain service uniform with no insignia of rank. He frequently carried a
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https://pacificcitizen.org/wp-content/uploads/archives-menu/Vol.021_%2324_Dec_15_1945.pdf
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Masters and Commanders: The Military Geniuses Who Led the West to Victory in World War II
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4567:
The First Casualty: The War Correspondent as Hero and Myth-Maker from the Crimea to Iraq
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and suffered 800 casualties (50%) among those of the brigade involved in the operation.
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2029:
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1811:
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In co-ordination with a southern offensive by Nationalist Chinese forces under General
946:
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746:
703:, and the Burma India Theater came under the operational command of the British (first
683:
The CBI was a geographical administrative command on the same level as the commands of
341:
becoming disenchanted with him. The U.S. government was infuriated by the 1944 fall of
249:
145:
5113:
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http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/1991/March%201991/0391hump.aspx
1995:
1500:. It had been reorganized as an administrative command in charge of army units in the
715:
wariness increased after he had observed the disastrous Allied performance during the
512:
Stilwell later taught at West Point and attended the Infantry Advanced Course and the
17:
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5849:
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1911:
1880:
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had the highest respect for his abilities, and both ensured that he replaced General
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1493:
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and oversaw all mobilization and training of army ground units in the United States.
1202:
1116:
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felt that it was time for the Allies to assume a greater burden in fighting the war.
668:
In February 1942 Stilwell was promoted to lieutenant general and was assigned to the
661:
626:
390:
300:
4829:
Official Register of Commissioned Officers of the United States Army. 1945. pg. 893.
1399:
Stilwell, who accused Hurley to his face of "cutting my throat with a dull knife."
1134:
In April 1944, Stilwell launched his final offensive to capture the Burmese city of
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After a three-month furlough, Stilwell, on 24 January 1945, assumed command of the
1388:
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An exultant Stilwell immediately delivered the letter to Chiang despite pleas from
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kept the fit men, sarcastically named "111 Company," in the field until 1 August.
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age of 64. He was cremated, his ashes were scattered on the Pacific Ocean, and a
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Stilwell's derogatory remarks castigating the ineffectiveness of what he termed
800:
595:
517:
489:
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222:
4259:
3190:. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. p. 318.
365:, but Stilwell had been obeying his instructions to get the Communists and the
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Sand Against the Wind: Stilwell and the American Experience in China 1911β45
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2457:(reverted to permanent rank due to post-World War I reduction of the Army.)
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A bust of Stilwell at the "Former Residence of General Stilwell" Museum in
4597:
Masters and Commanders: How Four Titans Won the War in the West, 1941β1945
329:. Stilwell was made the Chief of Staff of the Chinese Nationalist Leader,
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719:. After fighting and resisting the Japanese for five years, many in the
54:
5114:
Transcribed copies of the World War II diaries of Ernest F. Easterbrook
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2619:
1649:, have theorized that Roosevelt was concerned that Chiang would sign a
1392:
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1038:
1008:
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4301:
http://media.hoover.org/sites/default/files/documents/1945Stilwell.pdf
4031:"The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China"
1477:
then formulate doctrine for its use, and the abolition of specialized
563:
from 1935 to 1939. In 1939 and 1940 he was assistant commander of the
3840:
War Wings: The United States and Chinese Military Aviation, 1929β1949
3535:
http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/marauders/marauders-third.html
1954:
The award for the Outstanding Overall Cadet, Senior Division, in the
1697:
1673:
1461:
1283:
457:
4861:
Fred Eldridge, 'Wrath in Burma The Uncensored Story of Gen. Stilwell
3770:"Merrill's Marauders: Combined Operations in Northern Burma in 1944"
3684:"Merrill's Marauders: Combined Operations in Northern Burma in 1944"
3415:"Merrill's Marauders: Combined Operations in Northern Burma in 1944"
528:
for his service in France, the medal's citation reading as follows:
520:, he was the Fourth Corps intelligence officer and helped plan the
5824:
4624:(1st U.S. ed.). Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
3761:
Merrill's Marauders: Combined Operations In Northern Burma In 1944
3676:
Merrill's Marauders: Combined Operations In Northern Burma In 1944
3408:
Merrill's Marauders: Combined Operations In Northern Burma In 1944
1843:
1610:
1125:
1076:, Jr., a US Army Marauder officer, and Chindit Brigade Commanders
1061:
1014:
Stilwell infuriated Calvert and the British by announcing via the
792:
499:
461:
349:. Stilwell delivered a message to the Chinese Nationalist leader,
4984:
4848:, New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1943. Sympathetic eyewitness account.
2331:
Stillwell's official Distinguished Service Cross citation reads:
5889:
4978:
4870:
Stalin's Secret Agents: The Subversion of Roosevelt's Government
1700:, etc.) during the Japanese offensive in eastern China in 1944.
5646:
5295:
4676:. Fort Ord Alumni Association. October 27, 2010. Archived from
3654:
http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/indiaburma/indiaburma.htm
3583:
3581:
3531:
Merrill's Marauders FebruaryβMay 1944, Third Mission: Myitkyina
2859:
China 1945 : Mao's revolution and America's fateful choice
1142:, which erupted shortly after the Marauders linked up with the
1089:
replied, "I shall tell him the bloody British wouldn't fight."
3617:
3615:
3613:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3064:
For Your Tomorrow: Canadians and the Burma Campaign, 1941β1945
1819:, the starting point of Ledo Road (also called Stilwell Road).
1375:
1015:
640:
supplies going to China, and later became deputy commander of
6147:
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
3993:
Romanus and Sunderland, Stilwell's Command Problem, p.446-447
4116:
Chiang Kai-shek China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost
4096:
Chiang Kai-shek China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost
4065:
Chiang Kai-shek China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost
4018:
Chiang Kai-shek China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost
3982:
Chiang Kai-shek China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost
3962:
Chiang Kai-shek China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost
3946:
Chiang Kai-shek China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost
3443:
Chiang Kai-shek China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost
2320:
551:
that translates as "Don't let the bastards grind you down."
6187:
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
4110:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3956:
3954:
3437:
3435:
3371:
Archibald Wavell: the Life and Times of an Imperial Servant
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
2728:. West Point, NY: West Point Association of Graduates. 1946
982:, on official British accounts of World War II in Burma
772:
from British-controlled India, an obstacle referred to as "
6142:
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
3589:
Bunker Hill To Bastogne: Elite Forces and American Society
3513:
http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-C-India/index.html
1804:'s decision to end all aid to Chiang at the height of the
4315:
The Red Road to Victory: Soviet Combat Training 1917-1945
4085:
Romanus and Sunderland, Stilwell's Command Problem, p.452
3058:
3056:
2902:
http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/burma42/burma42.htm
843:
to the Japanese by providing logistical and air support.
5110:
at the Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University.
4969:. United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.:
4703:
3834:
3832:
3522:
3520:
1584:
the destruction & came in at 3:00 am feeling fine."
1402:
On October 19, 1944, Stilwell, who had been promoted to
1022:
Stilwell expected the 77th Brigade to join the siege of
6152:
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
4599:(1st ed.). New York and London: Harper Perennial.
3479:"The Road to Burma -- More on the India-Burma Campaign"
1715:. Stilwell could not appreciate the toll that constant
1448:
on 18 June, Stilwell was appointed as commander of the
1444:
On 23 June 1945, after the death of Lieutenant General
36:"General Stilwell" redirects here. For other uses, see
4967:
China-Burma-India Theater: Stilwell's Mission to China
4922:
Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911β45
3188:
China-Burma-India Theater: Stilwell's Mission to China
3186:
Romanus, Cha, p. 23rles F.; Sunderland, Riley (1987).
1636:
Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911-45
456:
was approached. In his first year, Stilwell underwent
6192:
Military personnel from Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
4924:, Macmillan 1970. Grove Press 2001. British edition:
2285:(offered to him twice and refused by him both times,
1703:
Stilwell also clashed with other officers, including
1220:
In 1944, the Japanese launched the counteroffensive,
952:
Stilwell also continually clashed with Field Marshal
846:
In August 1942, Stilwell opened a training center in
3670:
3668:
3651:
India-Burma, The U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II
3510:
The U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II: India-Burma
3326:
3324:
3322:
3254:
Frank Dorn, Walkout with Stilwell in Burma, p. 75β79
1452:
shortly after the end of Japanese resistance in the
504:
Then-Lt. Col. Stilwell as Assistant Chief of Staff,
6009:
5950:
5885:
5817:
5807:
5680:
5100:
Transcribed copies of Stilwell's diaries, 1900β1946
4098:, New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004 pages 427β428.
3948:, New York: Carrol & Graf, 2004, pages 416β417.
2894:
2892:
1711:, and Colonel Charles Hunter, who was in charge of
1560:; the last award was given to him as he was dying.
1504:. In May 1946, Stilwell and his former subordinate
1205:" and later air force commander. As adviser to the
484:(West Point 1933), who served in World War II, the
295:
272:
210:
164:
154:
144:
134:
126:
114:
106:
89:
69:
61:
45:
5087:is available for free viewing and download at the
4407:Scottish Rite Center (Columbus, Orient of Georgia)
2946:http://www.cbi-history.com/part_xii_china_def.html
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2916:
1246:Displayed in the Coal Heritage Park & Museum,
4403:"Information about famous members of Freemasonry"
2899:U.S. Army Operations in World War II: Burma, 1942
1492:On 1 March 1946, Stilwell assumed command of the
30:For his son, the United States Army general, see
5324:Army Black Knights men's basketball head coaches
5072:The Carmel I Knew by Easterbrook, Nancy Stilwell
4965:Romanus, Charles F.; Sunderland, Riley (1987) .
3218:Frank Dorn, Walkout with Stilwell in Burma, p.23
1879:. Many years later, the building was renamed to
878:operations, were focused on defensive measures.
567:and from 1940 to 1941 organized and trained the
4868:Evans, M. Stanton; Romerstein, Herbert (2013).
4622:Forgotten Ally: China's World War II. 1937β1945
2760:"Honoree Record, BG Joseph Warren Stilwell, Jr"
2554:Major general, Regular Army: September 1, 1943
2542:, Army of the United States: February 25, 1942
1512:platoons in suppressing a prison uprising, the
1456:. The Tenth Army was slated to participate in
1313:
1270:was later renamed the Stilwell Road by Chiang.
971:
530:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4333:https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Kazuo%20Masuda
4118:, New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004 page 428.
4067:, New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004 page 427.
4020:, New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004 page 426.
3984:, New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004 page 425.
3964:, New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004 page 424.
3869:http://www.cbi-history.com/part_xii_hump5.html
3505:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3445:, New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004 page 417.
2481:Lieutenant Colonel, Regular Army: May 6, 1928
1668:According to Guan Zhong, the president of the
1646:The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War
594:and underestimated the risk of it joining the
353:from President Roosevelt that threatened that
5658:
5307:
5084:Big Picture: The Joseph Warren Stilwell Story
4971:United States Army Center of Military History
3765:United States Army Center of Military History
3680:United States Army Center of Military History
3527:United States Army Center of Military History
3411:United States Army Center of Military History
3034:
3032:
2942:United States Army Center of Military History
2647:United States Army Center of Military History
1266:In acknowledgment of Stilwell's efforts, the
824:Model 1903, .30β06 Caliber, Springfield rifle
8:
6207:United States Army Infantry Branch personnel
4858:, Pyramid Books 1973. By his principal aide.
3200:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3026:, W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 1943
2569:, Army of the United States: August 7, 1944
1177:, the commander of the British Commonwealth
1115:. In the meantime, Stilwell ordered General
1019:small that he could not find it on the map.
890:Stilwell sharing a laugh with Generalissimo
691:, but unlike other combat theaters like the
582:, following the Imperial Japanese attack on
6202:United States Army generals of World War II
6132:Army Black Knights men's basketball coaches
6122:United States Army personnel of World War I
5249:Commanding General Tenth United States Army
5222:Commanding General Sixth United States Army
5095:Stilwell's basketball biography on Hoopedia
4033:, Harvard University Press, 2009, pp.290. (
3373:. London: Jonathan Cope. pp. 308β309.
2689:
2687:
2677:
2675:
1130:Stilwell awarding medals at Myitkyina, 1944
695:, the CBI was never formally designated a "
255:Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
6084:Commanding General, Island Command Okinawa
5814:
5665:
5651:
5643:
5314:
5300:
5292:
5151:
3556:Merrill's Marauders: February to May, 1944
3263:Jay Taylor, The Generalissimo, pp. 224β225
3204:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2881:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2455:Captain, Regular Army: September 14, 1919
764:Chiang therefore sided with Major General
372:Influential voices such as the journalist
314:(March 19, 1883 β October 12, 1946) was a
53:
42:
5886:Deputy governors and Commanding Generals,
5124:Newspaper clippings about Joseph Stilwell
4928:, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2001.
4674:"General Joseph W. Stilwell Stamp Issued"
3793:Taylor, Thomas H. and Martin, Robert J.,
3621:Taylor, Thomas H. and Martin, Robert J.,
2786:"Valor awards for Joseph Warren Stilwell"
1958:is the General Joseph W. Stilwell Award.
1540:. Among his military decorations are the
1364:β Poem written by Joseph Stilwell in 1944
578:Just prior to the United States entering
6172:Deaths from stomach cancer in California
6137:Basketball coaches from New York (state)
5168:Commanding General 7th Infantry Division
4413:from the original on September 30, 2014.
4218:Missile Defense: The First Seventy Years
3041:, Time Magazine, Monday, August 10, 1942
2861:(First ed.). New York. p. 13.
2348:
2154:
1810:
1460:, the planned invasion of the island of
1290:which Chiang demanded the return of the
1241:
1007:, which lacked heavy weapons, had taken
885:
870:in India, with the exception of General
781:
676:; and military advisor to Generalissimo
655:
618:and his old friend, Army Chief of Staff
606:." After Stilwell prepared a scathingly
409:Stilwell was born on March 19, 1883, in
5046:War and Nationalism in China, 1925β1945
5022:Stilwell, Joseph; White, Theodore, Ed.
4987:Index:CMH_Pub_9-1_Stilwell_in_China.pdf
4369:from the original on November 17, 2018.
2653:
1937:Chinese Expeditionary Force (TV series)
1544:, Distinguished Service Medal with one
1056:The portion of 111 Brigade east of the
786:Stilwell marches out of Burma, May 1942
598:, writing "The Boches own the country.
4801:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4391:from the original on October 13, 2018.
4359:"Famous men members of Masonic Lodges"
3193:
2874:
2493:Colonel, Regular Army: August 1, 1935
1775:drama critic-turned-war correspondent
903:Stilwell's blatant abandonment of the
625:Stilwell became the chief of staff to
27:United States Army general (1883β1946)
6167:United States Military Academy alumni
5274:Commanding General Army Ground Forces
5137:United States Army Officers 1939β1945
5000:Charles F. Romanus Riley Sunderland,
4655:. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. 1992
4385:Bavaria Lodge No. 935 A.F. & A. M
4321:. University of Waterloo. p. 48.
3842:, Greenwood Publishing Group (2001),
1848:the General Joseph Stilwell House in
1235:, would link the northern end of the
882:Disagreements with Chiang and British
7:
5674:U.S. governors of the Ryukyu Islands
4890:, New York: Harper & Row, 1987.
4702:, February 20, 2006. Available from
4246:The Encyclopedia of American Prisons
3227:Jay Taylor, The Generalissimo, p.214
3176:Jay Taylor, The Generalissimo, p.216
3167:Jay Taylor, The Generalissimo, p.204
3158:Jay Taylor, The Generalissimo, p.208
2317:Distinguished Service Cross citation
949:and US military personnel in China.
312:Joseph Warren "Vinegar Joe" Stilwell
6112:Sportspeople from Yonkers, New York
5120:at the Hoover Institution Archives.
4936:. Sympathetic full scale biography.
3797:, Turner Publishing Company (1997)
3625:, Turner Publishing Company (1997)
3291:Kolakowski, Christopher L. (2018).
2747:"Memorial, Joseph W. Stilwell 1904"
2722:"Memorial, Joseph W. Stilwell 1904"
803:, wrote about their experiences in
181:Chinese Expeditionary Force (Burma)
6127:American people of English descent
5818:Governors and Commanders-in-Chief,
4381:"Famous members of Masonic Lodges"
4363:American Canadian Grand Lodge ACGL
4235:New York Times. February 26, 1946.
3826:, Bantam Press (1979), pp. 155β157
2645:from websites or documents of the
2469:Major, Regular Army: July 1, 1920
1338:His face turned green and quivered
1331:And stung him through and through.
850:, 200 miles (320 km) west of
449:, as had been originally planned.
25:
6157:Recipients of the Legion of Merit
6117:American men's basketball coaches
4547:from the original on 21 June 2021
4437:from the original on 21 June 2021
3359:, Bantam Press (1979), p. 309β310
2615:Military of the Republic of China
2428:, National Army: August 26, 1918
1951:postage stamp honoring Stilwell.
1896:Stilwell is portrayed on film by
1886:General Joseph W. Stilwell Museum
1860:, at the southern city limits of
1792:Atkinson, who had visited Mao in
1410:Stilwell was replaced by General
1320:I've looked the Peanut in the eye
1316:I have waited long for vengeance,
1093:Myitkyina Offensive and aftermath
514:Command and General Staff College
469:to the academy, participating in
418:Warren by his family, grew up in
397:, who won the Pulitzer Prize for
38:General Stilwell (disambiguation)
5798:
3763:, sub. "Leadership and Morale",
2641: This article incorporates
2636:
2610:History of the Republic of China
2584:
2559:
2547:
2532:
2513:
2498:
2486:
2474:
2462:
2448:
2433:
2418:
2399:
2384:
2369:
2326:Army Distinguished Service Cross
2171:Army Distinguished Service Medal
2145:
2138:
2131:
2122:
2115:
2106:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2028:
2019:
2013:
2003:
1994:
1798:Yenan: A Chinese Wonderland City
1524:Stilwell died after surgery for
1485:. In particular, he called for "
1358:I've wrecked the Peanut's face.
632:, served as US commander in the
526:Army Distinguished Service Medal
281:Army Distinguished Service Medal
6212:Military personnel from Florida
6197:United States military attachΓ©s
6177:Knights of the Legion of Honour
5106:, with the originals among the
4856:Walkout: With Stilwell in Burma
4807:"Joseph Stilwell - Recipient -"
4595:Roberts, Andrew (May 4, 2010).
3709:"The Bitter Tea of General Joe"
3591:, Brassey's Publishing (2006),
3066:, Trafford Publishing, (2004),
2846:– via Archive Foundation.
2274:Order of Blue Sky and White Sun
1496:, with its headquarters at the
1340:As he struggled not to screech.
588:Allied invasion of North Africa
473:as captain, and playing on the
6182:Burials at West Point Cemetery
6079:
5118:Ernest Fred Easterbrook papers
3335:. Pen and Sword. p. 251.
3272:Roosevelt, As He Saw It, p.207
2766:. Military Hall of Honor. 2017
2726:externalapps.westpointaog.org/
2379:, Regular Army: March 3, 1911
2222:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
2210:American Defense Service Medal
1949:Distinguished Americans series
1934:(1979), and by Yachun Dong in
1622:Stilwell was initiated to the
1201:, the commander of the famed "
805:Walkout with Stilwell in Burma
693:European Theater of Operations
335:Imperial Japanese Armed Forces
1:
5108:Joseph Warren Stilwell papers
5034:. Stilwell's wartime diaries.
4907:, London: John Murray, 2004.
4464:China's Fate Sealed 1937β1947
4459:δΈεε½ιιι΅εεΉ΄: ηΎεθεε
±θ«ε€ηΈ, 1937β1947
3867:CBI Hump Pilots Association,
3729:, Bantam Books (1979), p. 265
3397:, Bantam Press (1979), p. 159
2600:Sino-Japanese War (1937β1945)
2508:, Regular Army: July 1, 1939
2443:, National Army: May 6, 1919
2394:, Regular Army: July 1, 1916
1862:Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
1356:But oh! the blessed pleasure!
1336:And lost the power of speech.
664:(left) with Stilwell in Burma
369:to co-operate against Japan.
218:Philippine–American War
5633:# denotes interim head coach
5195:Commanding General III Corps
5162:Newly activated organization
4700:Cadet Decorations and Awards
4646:"Homes of Famous Carmelites"
4188:Wedemeyer, Albert C. (Gen),
4159:Wedemeyer, Albert C. (Gen),
4127:Wedemeyer, Albert C. (Gen),
3566:, 9780788132759, pp. 109β110
3293:""The Coming of Modern War""
3115:, Globe Pequot Press (2005)
2198:Mexican Border Service Medal
1741:, confirms that assessment.
1564:Political and personal views
1352:I know I've still to suffer,
1334:The little bastard shivered,
1322:And kicked him in the pants.
189:Northern Combat Area Command
6162:United States Army generals
5888:Ryukyu Islands Command (in
5147:Stilwell Board Report, 1946
5128:20th Century Press Archives
5077:Annals of the Flying Tigers
5002:Stilwell's Command Problems
4466:]. 倩δΈι θ¦εΊη. p. 40.
4272:Tuchman, chapters 5 and 10.
3454:Hunter, Charles N. (Col.),
2974:Bernstein (2014), p. 40-42.
2965:Bernstein (2014), p. 39-40.
2857:Bernstein, Richard (2014).
2166:Distinguished Service Cross
1542:Distinguished Service Cross
1487:guided interceptor missiles
1347:At last I've had my innings
1318:At last I've had my chance.
1207:Republic of China Air Force
701:National Revolutionary Army
652:Burma retreat and offensive
445:at West Point, rather than
277:Distinguished Service Cross
6228:
6033:Shannon Boyd-Bailey McCune
4863:Doubleday & Co., 1946.
3742:, London: Cassell (1956),
3476:, Michigan History Online
3458:, TX Naylor Company (1963)
3236:Bernstein (2014), p. 41-44
2308:, and General of the Army
2232:World War II Victory Medal
1755:Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr.
1096:
991:
924:Cambridge History of China
799:and the war correspondent
717:Japanese invasion of Burma
636:, was responsible for all
544:Illegitimi non carborundum
65:"Vinegar Joe", "Uncle Joe"
35:
32:Joseph Warren Stilwell Jr.
29:
6072:
6049:Stanley Sherman Carpenter
5796:
5691:Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr.
5331:
5280:
5271:
5263:
5255:
5246:
5238:
5228:
5219:
5211:
5201:
5192:
5184:
5174:
5165:
5159:
5154:
3558:Diane Publishing (1990),
3331:Calvert, Michael (2004).
2938:China Defensive 1942β1945
2525:Army of the United States
2287:according to a biographer
2265:Medal of Solidarity, 1918
2205:World War I Victory Medal
2193:Philippine Campaign Medal
2157:
1993:
1978:Presidio of San Francisco
1552:degree of Commander, the
1498:Presidio of San Francisco
1437:with its headquarters at
1343:For all my weary battles,
1327:With aim and timing true,
1325:The old harpoon was ready
670:China-Burma-India Theater
634:China Burma India Theater
323:China Burma India Theater
177:China Burma India Theater
100:San Francisco, California
52:
5731:Fremont Byron Hodson Sr.
5199:July 1941βDecember 1941
5142:Generals of World War II
4905:Burma: The Forgotten War
4456:Guan Zhong (ιδΈ) (2010).
4192:, Henry Holt Co. (1958)
4163:, Henry Holt Co. (1958)
4131:, Henry Holt Co. (1958)
3050:Bernstein (2014), p. 43.
2826:Roberts, Andrew (2009).
2764:militaryhallofhonor.com/
2605:Whampoa Military Academy
2237:Army of Occupation Medal
2159:Combat Infantryman Badge
1970:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1967:Kendall Park, New Jersey
1943:On August 24, 2000, the
1659:People's Liberation Army
1558:Combat Infantryman Badge
1450:Tenth United States Army
1349:And laid the Peanut low.
1345:For all my hours of woe,
1329:I sank it to the handle,
508:, October 1918 in France
405:Early life and education
245:Second Sino-Japanese War
201:Sixth United States Army
197:Tenth United States Army
5931:David Ayres Depue Ogden
4811:valor.militarytimes.com
3935:Bernstein (2014), p. 38
2353:No pin insignia in 1904
2215:American Campaign Medal
1974:Albuquerque, New Mexico
1864:. The large, two-story
1764:Operation Market Garden
1193:Conflict with Chennault
709:South East Asia Command
648:under British command.
642:South East Asia Command
363:Chinese Communist Party
205:Western Defense Command
5998:James Benjamin Lampert
5990:Ferdinand Thomas Unger
5104:other documents online
4953:Presidio Press, 2000,
4944:The Road Past Mandalay
4872:. Threshold Editions.
4698:Cadet Regulation 1β1,
4249:by Carl Sifakis, pg. 9
4076:Lohbeck, Hurley, p.298
3824:The Road Past Mandalay
3727:The Road Past Mandalay
3395:The Road Past Mandalay
3357:The Road Past Mandalay
2832:(1 ed.). London:
2643:public domain material
2342:
2328:
2304:, General of the Army
1984:Awards and decorations
1956:California Cadet Corps
1853:
1823:The British historian
1820:
1790:
1739:John Paton Davies, Jr.
1619:
1361:
1251:
1131:
975:
899:
787:
755:Chinese 200th Division
740:Imperial Japanese Army
734:, after observing the
721:Nationalist government
665:
602:must pay the bill for
535:
509:
228:Battle of Saint-Mihiel
18:Joseph Warren Stilwell
5966:Donald Prentice Booth
5026:Da Capo Press, 1991,
5011:Pan Macmillan, 1973,
4846:Retreat With Stilwell
4704:http://cacc.cadet.org
4620:Mitter, Rana (2013).
4497:Masters, pp. 287β289.
3795:Rangers: Lead the Way
3623:Rangers: Lead the Way
3369:Fort, Adrian (2009).
2816:Tuchman, pp. 231β232.
2333:
2324:
1947:issued the first 10Β’
1873:Jacksonville, Florida
1847:
1814:
1785:
1614:
1502:Western United States
1446:Simon B. Buckner, Jr.
1354:And run a weary race,
1294:from Burma to defend
1245:
1144:Chinese Army in India
1129:
1097:Further information:
992:Further information:
889:
827:back and retake it."
809:Retreat with Stilwell
785:
707:and later the Allied
697:theater of operations
659:
569:7th Infantry Division
565:2nd Infantry Division
539:Fort Benning, Georgia
524:. He was awarded the
503:
496:Early military career
471:cross-country running
185:Chinese Army in India
169:7th Infantry Division
127:Years of service
6010:Civil Administrators
5747:Frederic Lord Hayden
5205:Walter K. Wilson Sr.
5188:Walter K. Wilson Sr.
5044:Hans J. Van de Ven,
4569:, JHU Press (2004),
4565:Knightley, Phillip,
4543:. 13 November 1944.
4433:. 13 November 1944.
4290:Tuchman, chapter 20.
4002:retrieved 7 Aug 2012
3916:Air Force Magazine,
3907:Tuchman 1985, p. 484
1988:His awards include:
1735:John Stewart Service
1676:, before his death.
1530:mandatory retirement
766:Claire Lee Chennault
757:refused to rush in.
738:in 1937, called the
610:final report on the
573:Fort Ord, California
522:St. Mihiel Offensive
6077:Acting officeholder
5923:James Malcolm Lewis
5915:Robert S. Beightler
5899:Robert S. Beightler
5787:Robert S. Beightler
5024:The Stilwell Papers
4680:on January 23, 2012
4488:Masters, pp. 287ff.
4312:Anton Parkhomenko.
4281:Tuchman, chapter 5.
3740:Defeat Into Victory
3020:Seagrave, Gordon S.
2702:Tuchman, pp. 12β13.
1980:are named for him.
1917:Merrill's Marauders
1779:interviewed him in
1713:Merrill's Marauders
1643:in his final book,
1599:, Stilwell praised
1538:West Point Cemetery
1412:Albert C. Wedemeyer
1278:Efforts to counter
1109:Merrill's Marauders
988:Command of Chindits
482:Joseph Stilwell Jr.
443:US Military Academy
427:Yonkers High School
413:. His parents were
339:Merrill's Marauders
5958:James Edward Moore
5951:High Commissioners
5939:James Edward Moore
5723:Lawrence A. Lawson
5715:Fred Clute Wallace
5278:JanuaryβJune 1945
5067:The Stilwell Pages
4888:Commander In Chief
4540:The New York Times
4223:2015-09-22 at the
4190:Wedemeyer Reports!
4161:Wedemeyer Reports!
4129:Wedemeyer Reports!
3923:2020-11-22 at the
3659:2011-07-19 at the
3587:Busch, Briton C.,
3540:2009-01-13 at the
3039:Glimpse of an Epic
2907:2011-08-28 at the
2836:. pp. 82β84.
2540:Lieutenant General
2527:: October 1, 1940
2426:Lieutenant Colonel
2329:
2225:with three bronze
1963:Marina, California
1892:In popular culture
1854:
1821:
1772:The New York Times
1620:
1569:Barbara W. Tuchman
1536:was placed at the
1514:Battle of Alcatraz
1483:ballistic missiles
1466:surrender of Japan
1435:Army Ground Forces
1252:
1146:, called X Force.
1132:
1099:Siege of Myitkyina
939:Nationalist forces
900:
856:Universal Carriers
788:
736:Battle of Shanghai
666:
616:Franklin Roosevelt
612:Arcadia Conference
510:
347:Japanese offensive
321:who served in the
316:United States Army
299:Chief of Staff to
193:Army Ground Forces
121:United States Army
6089:
6088:
6068:
6067:
5866:Maxwell D. Taylor
5834:Douglas MacArthur
5771:Robert B. McClure
5755:William W. Eagles
5640:
5639:
5290:
5289:
5281:Succeeded by
5256:Succeeded by
5229:Succeeded by
5202:Succeeded by
5175:Succeeded by
5155:Military offices
4951:Vinegar Joe's War
4934:978-1-84212-281-5
4913:978-0-7195-6576-2
4583:978-0-8018-8030-8
4538:magazine quoting
4473:978-986-216-568-3
4260:"Joseph Stilwell"
3884:"The Burma Front"
3856:978-0-313-32004-0
3811:978-1-56311-182-2
3759:Bjorge, Gary J.,
3715:. 14 August 1944.
3674:Bjorge, Gary J.,
3639:978-1-56311-182-2
3605:978-1-57488-775-4
3474:The Road to Burma
3406:Bjorge, Gary J.,
3380:978-0-224-07678-4
3333:Prisoners Of Hope
3129:978-1-59228-711-6
3080:978-1-4120-1536-3
3010:Eldridge, p. 160.
2944:, CBI Background
2936:Sherry, Mark D.,
2843:978-0-141-02926-9
2788:. Military Times.
2625:Charles N. Hunter
2573:
2572:
2506:Brigadier General
2413:: August 5, 1917
2358:Second Lieutenant
2310:Douglas MacArthur
2293:
2292:
2280:Republic of China
2240:with "ASIA" clasp
2188:Bronze Star Medal
2153:
2152:
1945:US Postal Service
1903:Objective, Burma!
1806:Chinese Civil War
1747:Douglas MacArthur
1458:Operation Olympic
1454:Battle of Okinawa
1404:four-star general
1371:Patrick J. Hurley
1298:, the capital of
1280:Operation Ichi-Go
1274:Recall from China
1248:Margherita, Assam
1222:Operation Ichi-Go
1140:amoebic dysentery
994:Battle of Mogaung
840:US War Department
689:Douglas MacArthur
685:Dwight Eisenhower
674:Louis Mountbatten
420:Yonkers, New York
383:Chinese Civil War
379:Republic of China
359:Patrick J. Hurley
309:
308:
290:Bronze Star Medal
262:Battle of Okinawa
235:Chinese Civil War
16:(Redirected from
6219:
6083:
6080:
6076:
6061:
6057:Robert A. Fearey
6053:
6045:
6037:
6029:
6021:
6002:
5994:
5986:
5982:Albert Watson II
5978:
5970:
5962:
5943:
5935:
5927:
5919:
5911:
5907:Harry B. Sherman
5903:
5878:
5870:
5862:
5854:
5846:
5838:
5821:Far East Command
5815:
5802:
5791:
5783:
5779:Harry B. Sherman
5775:
5767:
5759:
5751:
5743:
5735:
5727:
5719:
5711:
5703:
5695:
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5404:
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5388:
5380:
5372:
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5356:
5348:
5340:
5325:
5316:
5309:
5302:
5293:
5264:Preceded by
5258:Post deactivated
5239:Preceded by
5212:Preceded by
5185:Preceded by
5160:Preceded by
5152:
5089:Internet Archive
4997:
4991:
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4148:
4125:
4119:
4114:Fenby, Jonathan
4112:
4099:
4094:Fenby, Jonathan
4092:
4086:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4068:
4063:Fenby, Jonathan
4061:
4055:
4048:
4042:
4027:
4021:
4016:Fenby, Jonathan
4014:
4003:
4000:
3994:
3991:
3985:
3980:Fenby, Jonathan
3978:
3965:
3960:Fenby, Jonathan
3958:
3949:
3944:Fenby, Jonathan
3942:
3936:
3933:
3927:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3886:. Archived from
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3836:
3827:
3820:
3814:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3772:. Archived from
3757:
3751:
3736:
3730:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3686:. Archived from
3672:
3663:
3648:
3642:
3619:
3608:
3585:
3576:
3573:
3567:
3553:
3544:
3524:
3515:
3507:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3481:. Archived from
3470:
3459:
3452:
3446:
3441:Fenby, Jonathan
3439:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3417:. Archived from
3404:
3398:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3366:
3360:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3328:
3317:
3316:
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3191:
3183:
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3174:
3168:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3150:
3147:
3141:
3140:Tuchman, p. 377.
3138:
3132:
3109:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3060:
3051:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3027:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3002:
3001:Tuchman, p. 307.
2999:
2993:
2992:Tuchman, p. 306.
2990:
2984:
2983:Tuchman, p. 304.
2981:
2975:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2957:
2956:Tuchman, p. 303.
2954:
2948:
2934:
2911:
2896:
2887:
2886:
2880:
2872:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2823:
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2735:
2733:
2718:
2712:
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2703:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2682:
2679:
2670:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2640:
2639:
2594:
2592:Biography portal
2589:
2588:
2587:
2563:
2551:
2536:
2517:
2502:
2490:
2478:
2466:
2452:
2437:
2422:
2403:
2388:
2377:First Lieutenant
2373:
2364:: June 15, 1904
2349:
2300:, Major General
2255:LΓ©gion d'honneur
2176:oak leaf cluster
2155:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2126:
2119:
2110:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2017:
2007:
1998:
1991:
1990:
1926:Steven Spielberg
1898:Erville Alderson
1866:Spanish Eclectic
1757:as commander of
1670:Examination Yuan
1641:David Halberstam
1546:Oak Leaf Cluster
1365:
1199:Claire Chennault
983:
954:Archibald Wavell
916:Washington, D.C.
728:defense in depth
454:William McKinley
411:Palatka, Florida
116:
96:
93:October 12, 1946
83:Palatka, Florida
79:
77:
57:
43:
21:
6227:
6226:
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6059:
6051:
6043:
6035:
6027:
6025:John G. Ondrick
6019:
6017:Vonna F. Burger
6005:
6000:
5992:
5984:
5976:
5968:
5960:
5946:
5941:
5933:
5925:
5917:
5909:
5901:
5887:
5881:
5876:
5874:Lyman Lemnitzer
5868:
5860:
5852:
5844:
5842:Matthew Ridgway
5836:
5819:
5803:
5794:
5789:
5781:
5773:
5765:
5763:Josef R. Sheetz
5757:
5749:
5741:
5733:
5725:
5717:
5709:
5707:Joseph Stilwell
5701:
5693:
5676:
5671:
5641:
5636:
5623:
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5607:
5599:
5591:
5583:
5575:
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5559:
5551:
5545:Mike Krzyzewski
5543:
5535:
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5519:
5511:
5503:
5495:
5487:
5479:
5471:
5463:
5457:Valentine Lentz
5455:
5447:
5439:
5433:Harry A. Fisher
5431:
5423:
5417:Harry A. Fisher
5415:
5407:
5399:
5391:
5385:Jacob L. Devers
5383:
5377:Joseph Stilwell
5375:
5367:
5361:Joseph Stilwell
5359:
5353:Harry A. Fisher
5351:
5343:
5337:Joseph Stilwell
5335:
5327:
5323:
5320:
5286:
5284:Jacob L. Devers
5277:
5269:
5259:
5252:
5244:
5234:
5225:
5217:
5215:Walter Kruegner
5207:
5198:
5190:
5180:
5171:
5163:
5081:The short film
5063:
4983:
4964:
4949:Pfefer, Nathan
4918:Barbara Tuchman
4886:Eric Larrabee,
4880:
4867:
4838:
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4824:
4815:
4813:
4805:
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4667:
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4656:
4653:ci.carmel.ca.us
4648:
4644:
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4619:
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4593:
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4548:
4531:"China: Crisis"
4529:
4528:
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4510:
4501:
4496:
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4474:
4455:
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4440:
4438:
4425:"China: Crisis"
4423:
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4230:
4225:Wayback Machine
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3925:Wayback Machine
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3911:
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3902:
3893:
3891:
3882:
3880:The Burma Front
3878:
3874:
3866:
3862:
3837:
3830:
3822:Masters, John,
3821:
3817:
3792:
3788:
3779:
3777:
3768:
3758:
3754:
3750:, 0-330-39066-X
3738:Slim, William,
3737:
3733:
3725:Masters, John,
3724:
3720:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3693:
3691:
3682:
3673:
3666:
3661:Wayback Machine
3649:
3645:
3620:
3611:
3586:
3579:
3575:Tuchman, p. 450
3574:
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3554:
3547:
3542:Wayback Machine
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3405:
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3393:Masters, John,
3392:
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3367:
3363:
3355:Masters, John,
3354:
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3149:Tuchman, p. 372
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2909:Wayback Machine
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2798:Tuchman, p, 125
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2711:Tuchman, p. 15.
2710:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2693:Tuchman, p. 12.
2692:
2685:
2681:Tuchman, p. 11.
2680:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2660:Tuchman, p. 10.
2659:
2655:
2637:
2633:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2456:
2347:
2319:
2302:William F. Dean
2298:Matthew Ridgway
2284:
2276:
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2258:
2241:
2239:
2224:
2181:Legion of Merit
2173:
2112:
2111:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2025:
2024:
2018:
1986:
1894:
1777:Brooks Atkinson
1751:George Marshall
1609:
1566:
1550:Legion of Merit
1522:
1474:
1431:
1367:
1363:
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1321:
1319:
1317:
1300:Yunnan Province
1276:
1195:
1179:Fourteenth Army
1101:
1095:
1082:Michael Calvert
1074:Charlton Ogburn
1058:Irrawaddy River
1001:Michael Calvert
996:
990:
985:
980:Barbara Tuchman
977:
941:ready to fight
892:Chiang Kai-shek
884:
678:Chiang Kai-shek
654:
646:11th Army Group
630:Chiang Kai-shek
620:George Marshall
592:Francoist Spain
557:
549:fractured Latin
498:
447:Yale University
407:
395:Barbara Tuchman
374:Brooks Atkinson
351:Chiang Kai-shek
331:Chiang Kai-shek
304:Chiang Kai-shek
296:Other work
288:
286:Legion of Merit
284:
279:
268:
203:
199:
195:
191:
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159:Infantry Branch
98:
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81:
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48:
47:Joseph Stilwell
41:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
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5:
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5425:John Van Vliet
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5232:George P. Hays
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5062:
5061:External links
5059:
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5042:
5035:
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3472:Mehney, Paul,
3460:
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2669:Tuchman, p. 9.
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2012:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2000:
1999:
1985:
1982:
1893:
1890:
1888:in his honor.
1825:Andrew Roberts
1717:jungle warfare
1707:, who led the
1686:14th Air Force
1651:separate peace
1608:
1605:
1601:Nisei soldiers
1565:
1562:
1526:stomach cancer
1521:
1518:
1473:
1472:Postwar career
1470:
1430:
1427:
1314:
1312:
1275:
1272:
1194:
1191:
1159:Colonel Hunter
1094:
1091:
989:
986:
970:
947:14th Air Force
905:200th Division
896:Soong Mei-ling
883:
880:
848:Ramgarh, India
747:Sittaung River
653:
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97:(aged 63)
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80:March 19, 1883
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5850:Mark W. Clark
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5550:
5546:
5542:
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5537:Dan Dougherty
5534:
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5526:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5513:George Hunter
5510:
5506:
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5490:
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5470:
5466:
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5450:
5446:
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5438:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5409:Joseph O'Shea
5406:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5393:Arthur Conard
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5369:Harvey Higley
5366:
5362:
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5354:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
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5237:
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5224:
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5216:
5210:
5206:
5197:
5196:
5189:
5183:
5179:
5178:Charles White
5170:
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5060:
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5050:
5047:
5043:
5040:
5039:Asian Affairs
5036:
5033:
5032:0-306-80428-X
5029:
5025:
5021:
5018:
5017:0-345-09789-0
5014:
5010:
5007:Rooney, D.D.
5006:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4990:
4988:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4963:
4960:
4959:0-89141-715-X
4956:
4952:
4948:
4945:
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4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
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4902:
4899:
4897:
4896:0-06-039050-6
4893:
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4835:
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4808:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4780:
4779:"Google Maps"
4774:
4771:
4759:
4758:"Google Maps"
4753:
4750:
4738:
4737:"Google Maps"
4732:
4729:
4717:
4716:"Google Maps"
4711:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4695:
4692:
4679:
4675:
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4575:0-8018-8030-0
4572:
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4364:
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4354:
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4325:
4317:
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4293:
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4275:
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4229:
4226:
4222:
4219:
4214:
4211:
4207:
4206:0-8159-7216-4
4203:
4199:
4198:0-89275-011-1
4195:
4191:
4185:
4182:
4179:, pp. 303β304
4178:
4177:0-8159-7216-4
4174:
4170:
4169:0-89275-011-1
4166:
4162:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4145:0-8159-7216-4
4142:
4138:
4137:0-89275-011-1
4134:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4088:
4082:
4079:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4044:
4040:
4039:0-674-03338-8
4036:
4032:
4029:Taylor, Jay,
4026:
4023:
4019:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3941:
3938:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3890:on 2008-05-09
3889:
3885:
3881:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3848:0-313-32004-7
3845:
3841:
3838:Guangqiu Xu,
3835:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3803:1-56311-182-9
3800:
3796:
3790:
3787:
3776:on 2007-06-09
3775:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3748:0-304-29114-5
3745:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3722:
3719:
3714:
3713:Time Magazine
3710:
3704:
3701:
3690:on 2007-06-09
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3631:1-56311-182-9
3628:
3624:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3597:1-57488-775-0
3594:
3590:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3564:0-7881-3275-X
3561:
3557:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3485:on 2008-08-20
3484:
3480:
3475:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3421:on 2007-06-09
3420:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3372:
3365:
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3349:
3344:
3342:9780850524925
3338:
3334:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3299:(107): 6β27.
3298:
3294:
3287:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3260:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3189:
3182:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3121:1-59228-711-5
3118:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3072:1-4120-1536-7
3069:
3065:
3062:Farquharson,
3059:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3024:Burma Surgeon
3021:
3016:
3013:
3007:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2962:
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2947:
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2913:
2910:
2906:
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2900:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2870:
2868:9780307595881
2864:
2860:
2853:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2835:
2834:Penguin Books
2831:
2830:
2822:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2807:Tuchman, p. 4
2804:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2743:
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2557:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2521:Major General
2519:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2484:
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2442:
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2432:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2411:National Army
2408:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2345:Dates of rank
2344:
2341:
2339:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2009:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1912:Samuel Fuller
1909:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1882:
1881:Stilwell Hall
1878:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1760:
1759:Tenth US Army
1756:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1690:eastern China
1687:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1661:commanded by
1660:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1624:Scottish Rite
1618:
1613:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1593:Ronald Reagan
1588:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:Frank Merrill
1503:
1499:
1495:
1494:Sixth US Army
1490:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1359:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1203:Flying Tigers
1200:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1117:Frank Merrill
1114:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:111th Brigade
1031:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
995:
987:
984:
981:
974:
969:
967:
963:
962:Bay of Bengal
958:
955:
950:
948:
944:
940:
935:
933:
927:
925:
919:
917:
912:
908:
906:
897:
893:
888:
881:
879:
877:
873:
867:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
844:
841:
835:
833:
828:
825:
821:
816:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
784:
780:
777:
775:
771:
767:
762:
758:
756:
752:
748:
743:
741:
737:
733:
732:Evans Carlson
729:
724:
722:
718:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
681:
679:
675:
671:
663:
662:Frank Merrill
658:
651:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
628:
627:Generalissimo
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
554:
552:
550:
546:
545:
540:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
507:
506:IV Army Corps
502:
495:
493:
491:
487:
483:
478:
476:
472:
468:
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
421:
416:
412:
404:
402:
400:
396:
392:
391:loss of China
386:
384:
380:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
317:
313:
305:
302:
301:Generalissimo
298:
294:
291:
287:
282:
278:
275:
271:
263:
260:
256:
253:
252:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
241:
238:
236:
233:
229:
226:
225:
224:
221:
219:
216:
215:
213:
209:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:
163:
160:
157:
153:
149:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:
119:
113:
110:United States
109:
105:
101:
92:
88:
84:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
44:
39:
33:
19:
5974:Paul Caraway
5858:John E. Hull
5706:
5632:
5631:
5577:Mike Connors
5505:Orvis Sigler
5489:Elmer Ripley
5441:Ernest Blood
5376:
5360:
5344:
5336:
5272:
5247:
5220:
5193:
5166:
5083:
5045:
5038:
5023:
5008:
5001:
4992:– via
4986:
4966:
4950:
4943:
4940:John Masters
4925:
4921:
4904:
4887:
4869:
4862:
4855:
4845:
4825:
4814:. Retrieved
4810:
4782:. Retrieved
4773:
4761:. Retrieved
4752:
4740:. Retrieved
4731:
4721:November 19,
4719:. Retrieved
4710:
4699:
4694:
4682:. Retrieved
4678:the original
4668:
4657:. Retrieved
4652:
4640:
4621:
4615:
4596:
4590:
4566:
4561:
4549:. Retrieved
4534:
4525:
4516:
4493:
4484:
4479:Kuomintang."
4463:
4458:
4451:
4439:. Retrieved
4428:
4419:
4406:
4397:
4384:
4375:
4362:
4353:
4340:
4327:
4314:
4307:
4295:
4286:
4277:
4268:
4254:
4244:
4240:
4231:
4213:
4189:
4184:
4160:
4128:
4123:
4115:
4095:
4090:
4081:
4072:
4064:
4059:
4051:
4046:
4030:
4025:
4017:
3998:
3989:
3981:
3961:
3945:
3940:
3931:
3912:
3903:
3892:. Retrieved
3888:the original
3879:
3875:
3863:
3839:
3823:
3818:
3794:
3789:
3778:. Retrieved
3774:the original
3760:
3755:
3739:
3734:
3726:
3721:
3712:
3703:
3692:. Retrieved
3688:the original
3675:
3650:
3646:
3622:
3588:
3571:
3555:
3530:
3509:
3487:. Retrieved
3483:the original
3473:
3455:
3450:
3442:
3423:. Retrieved
3419:the original
3407:
3402:
3394:
3389:
3370:
3364:
3356:
3351:
3332:
3297:Army History
3296:
3286:
3277:
3268:
3259:
3250:
3241:
3232:
3223:
3214:
3187:
3181:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3145:
3136:
3112:
3087:
3063:
3046:
3038:
3023:
3015:
3006:
2997:
2988:
2979:
2970:
2961:
2952:
2937:
2898:
2858:
2852:
2828:
2821:
2812:
2803:
2794:
2780:
2770:December 29,
2768:. Retrieved
2763:
2754:
2742:
2732:December 29,
2730:. Retrieved
2725:
2716:
2707:
2698:
2665:
2656:
2574:
2362:Regular Army
2352:
2334:
2330:
2306:Omar Bradley
2277:
2268:
2259:
2253:
2249:
2243:(posthumous)
2242:
2174:with bronze
1987:
1960:
1953:
1942:
1935:
1929:
1922:Robert Stack
1915:
1901:
1895:
1877:Monterey Bay
1870:
1858:Carmel Point
1855:
1850:Carmel Point
1838:Wang Jingwei
1822:
1802:Harry Truman
1797:
1791:
1786:
1770:
1768:
1749:and General
1743:
1722:
1720:commanders.
1705:Orde Wingate
1702:
1678:
1667:
1656:
1644:
1634:
1633:In her book
1632:
1621:
1597:Robert Young
1589:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1567:
1523:
1491:
1475:
1443:
1439:the Pentagon
1432:
1429:Reassignment
1424:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1389:Wang Jingwei
1385:
1381:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1315:
1308:
1304:
1288:
1277:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1226:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1196:
1188:
1184:
1175:William Slim
1171:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1133:
1105:Vice Admiral
1102:
1078:John Masters
1071:
1055:
1051:John Masters
1047:malnutrition
1032:
1021:
1013:
1005:77th Brigade
997:
976:
972:
959:
951:
936:
934:" strategy.
932:Europe first
928:
923:
920:
913:
909:
901:
872:Orde Wingate
868:
864:
845:
836:
831:
829:
820:campaign hat
817:
813:
808:
804:
789:
778:
763:
759:
744:
725:
713:
682:
667:
624:
608:anti-British
584:Pearl Harbor
580:World War II
577:
558:
555:World War II
547:, a form of
542:
536:
531:
511:
479:
451:
424:
408:
387:
371:
367:Nationalists
327:World War II
311:
310:
240:World War II
211:Battles/wars
95:(1946-10-12)
6107:1946 deaths
6102:1883 births
5739:Leo Donovan
5625:Kevin Kuwik
5619:(2016β2023)
5617:Jimmy Allen
5611:(2009β2016)
5609:Zach Spiker
5603:(2002β2009)
5595:(1997β2002)
5587:(1993β1997)
5585:Dino Gaudio
5571:(1990β1993)
5563:(1982β1990)
5555:(1980β1982)
5553:Pete Gaudet
5547:(1975β1980)
5539:(1971β1975)
5531:(1965β1971)
5523:(1963β1965)
5521:Tates Locke
5515:(1958β1963)
5507:(1954β1958)
5499:(1953β1954)
5497:Bob Vanatta
5491:(1951β1953)
5483:(1947β1951)
5475:(1945β1947)
5473:Stu Holcomb
5467:(1943β1945)
5465:Ed Kelleher
5459:(1939β1943)
5451:(1926β1939)
5443:(1925β1926)
5435:(1924β1925)
5427:(1923β1924)
5419:(1921β1923)
5411:(1919β1921)
5403:(1917β1919)
5401:Ivens Jones
5395:(1916β1917)
5387:(1914β1916)
5379:(1913β1914)
5371:(1911β1913)
5363:(1907β1911)
5355:(1906β1907)
5347:(1904β1906)
5339:(1902β1904)
4901:Jon Latimer
4842:Jack Belden
4763:January 14,
4742:October 23,
3813:, pp. 94β96
1961:Streets in
1920:(1962), by
1906:(1945), by
1833:Rana Mitter
1829:Anglophobia
1783:and wrote:
1731:China Hands
1628:Freemasonry
1554:Bronze Star
1229:Wei Lihuang
1028:Silver Star
807:(1971) and
801:Jack Belden
596:Axis powers
518:World War I
490:Vietnam War
435:quarterback
381:during the
223:World War I
62:Nickname(s)
6096:Categories
5699:Roy Geiger
5593:Pat Harris
5569:Tom Miller
5561:Les Wothke
5529:Bob Knight
5481:John Mauer
5253:1945β1946
5242:Roy Geiger
5172:1940β1941
4994:Wikisource
4852:Frank Dorn
4816:2023-12-28
4659:2023-04-11
3894:2008-09-13
3780:2007-06-22
3694:2007-06-22
3489:2008-09-15
3425:2007-06-22
2631:References
1976:, and the
1663:Mao Zedong
1556:, and the
1237:Burma Road
943:Mao Zedong
797:Frank Dorn
638:Lend-Lease
488:, and the
486:Korean War
467:basketball
355:lend-lease
107:Allegiance
76:1883-03-19
6060:(1969β72)
6052:(1967β69)
6044:(1964β67)
6036:(1962β64)
6028:(1959β62)
6020:(1955β59)
6001:(1968β72)
5993:(1966β68)
5985:(1964β66)
5977:(1961β64)
5969:(1958β61)
5961:(1957β58)
5942:(1955β57)
5934:(1953β55)
5926:(1952β53)
5918:(1951β52)
5902:(1950β51)
5877:(1955β57)
5861:(1953β55)
5853:(1952β53)
5845:(1951β52)
5837:(1950β51)
5811:(1950β72)
5766:(1949β50)
5758:(1948β49)
5750:(1946β48)
5734:(1945β46)
5718:(1945β46)
5684:(1945β50)
5601:Jim Crews
5449:Leo Novak
5052:Marshall.
4050:Lohbeck,
3305:1546-5330
3196:cite book
2877:cite book
2250:Chevalier
1908:John Hoyt
1781:Chongqing
1726:Ledo Road
1688:bases in
1681:guerrilla
1617:Chongqing
1510:US Marine
1479:anti-tank
1268:Ledo Road
1233:Ledo Road
1136:Myitkyina
1113:Myitkyina
1086:GHQ India
1043:dysentery
1024:Myitkyina
860:M3 Stuart
770:Himalayas
705:GHQ India
516:. During
173:III Corps
130:1904β1946
5627:(2023β )
5579:# (1993)
5345:No coach
5267:Ben Lear
5009:Stilwell
4979:53-60349
4585:, p. 303
4551:22 March
4545:Archived
4511:Tuchman.
4441:22 March
4435:Archived
4411:Archived
4389:Archived
4367:Archived
4221:Archived
4208:, p. 294
4147:, p. 269
3921:Archived
3858:, p. 191
3657:Archived
3607:, p. 182
3538:Archived
3313:26478824
3131:, p. 190
2905:Archived
2578:See also
2338:Taunggyi
2269:(Panama)
2260:(France)
1940:(2011).
1709:Chindits
1694:Hengyang
1578:Yokohama
1534:cenotaph
1508:led two
1121:Chindits
1072:Captain
874:and his
852:Calcutta
774:The Hump
751:Pyinmana
431:football
399:her work
343:Changsha
165:Commands
115:Service/
6082:‡
5130:of the
5126:in the
4836:Sources
4684:May 22,
4054:, p.292
3641:, p. 94
3533:(1990)
3456:Galahad
3082:, p. 59
2620:Y Force
2567:General
2441:Colonel
2392:Captain
2252:of the
1393:Nanjing
1296:Kunming
1292:Y Force
1039:malaria
1009:Mogaung
966:Sumatra
876:Chindit
604:his war
561:Beijing
475:varsity
325:during
319:general
139:General
5910:(1951)
5869:(1955)
5790:(1950)
5782:(1950)
5774:(1950)
5742:(1946)
5726:(1945)
5710:(1945)
5702:(1945)
5694:(1945)
5102:, and
5056:today.
5030:
5015:
4989:
4977:
4957:
4932:
4911:
4894:
4876:
4784:2 June
4628:
4603:
4581:
4573:
4470:
4204:
4196:
4175:
4167:
4143:
4135:
4052:Hurley
4037:
3854:
3846:
3809:
3801:
3767:, p.4
3746:
3637:
3629:
3603:
3595:
3562:
3377:
3339:
3311:
3303:
3127:
3119:
3078:
3070:
2865:
2840:
1794:Yan'an
1698:Guilin
1674:Zhu De
1607:Legacy
1548:, the
1462:Honshu
1284:Guilin
1045:, and
898:, 1942
858:, and
600:Franco
458:hazing
437:) and
415:Doctor
273:Awards
150:0-1912
117:branch
5825:Tokyo
5809:USCAR
5682:USMGR
5226:1946
4649:(PDF)
4462:[
4319:(PDF)
3309:JSTOR
2407:Major
1520:Death
1062:Bhamo
832:Limey
793:Assam
660:Gen.
462:plebe
460:as a
439:track
345:to a
5890:Naha
5823:(in
5028:ISBN
5013:ISBN
4975:LCCN
4955:ISBN
4930:ISBN
4909:ISBN
4892:ISBN
4874:ISBN
4786:2022
4765:2020
4744:2017
4723:2016
4686:2012
4626:ISBN
4601:ISBN
4579:ISBN
4571:ISBN
4553:2017
4536:Time
4468:ISBN
4443:2017
4430:Time
4202:ISBN
4194:ISBN
4173:ISBN
4165:ISBN
4141:ISBN
4133:ISBN
4035:ISBN
3852:ISBN
3844:ISBN
3807:ISBN
3799:ISBN
3744:ISBN
3635:ISBN
3627:ISBN
3601:ISBN
3593:ISBN
3560:ISBN
3375:ISBN
3337:ISBN
3301:ISSN
3206:link
3202:link
3125:ISBN
3117:ISBN
3076:ISBN
3068:ISBN
2883:link
2863:ISBN
2838:ISBN
2772:2017
2734:2017
1931:1941
1884:the
1817:Ledo
1737:and
1595:and
1080:and
1066:Slim
1033:The
964:and
894:and
687:and
433:(as
155:Unit
135:Rank
102:, US
90:Died
85:, US
70:Born
5132:ZBW
2289:).
1928:'s
1924:in
1914:'s
1910:in
1900:in
1626:of
1391:in
1376:sic
1016:BBC
1003:'s
776:."
571:at
283:(2)
6098::
4973:.
4942:,
4920:,
4903:,
4854:,
4844:,
4809:.
4794:^
4651:.
4577:,
4533:.
4502:^
4427:.
4409:.
4405:.
4387:.
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