1096:
59:
1041:
1120:
651:
636:, a fierce nineteenth-century opponent of the insurgency and after independence a conservative politician and historian, asserted that Morelos "fathered various children with anonymous women of the people." This charge of promiscuity might simply be a slur without foundation on the insurgent-priest. At Morelos's trial, the Inquisition accused him of sending his son to the United States. He testified at his trial that "while he had not been completely pristine for a priest, he had not acted in a scandalous manner" and that he had sent his son away for education and for his safety, acknowledging his paternity.
803:
659:
1108:
603:
745:
914:
property and confiscated the productions of the
Spanish colonial government. It abolished slavery and racial categories in favor of the title "American" for all native-born individuals. Torture, colonial monopolies and the system of tributes were also abolished. Morelos was offered the title "Generalissimo" with the style of address "Your Highness", but he refused these and asked to be called "Siervo de la Nación" (Servant of the Nation). On 6 November 1813, the Congress declared independence in the
302:
1057:
557:
795:
938:
889:
954:
prisoner, Morelos told his men to each save himself. This left
Morelos to be captured alone. As a Catholic priest, the church had jurisdiction for his imprisonment and trial; he was jailed in the Inquisition building in Mexico City. Although Morelos was a huge prize for the royal government, the viceroy decided not to make a public spectacle of his journey of incarceration, but rather slipped him into the capital before dawn.
881:
946:
1077:
1142:
277:
1840:
1779:
1156:
958:
civil officials. Inquisition officials drew up 23 charges against
Morelos, and following proper procedure, Morelos had a defense attorney, José Quiles. He was charged with treason, disloyalty to the crown, and transgressions in his personal life, namely, sending his natural sons to the United States for education.
1743:
Archer, Christon I. "Death's
Patriots – Celebration, Denunciation, and Memories of Mexico's Independence Heroes: Miguel de Hidalgo, José María Morelos, and Agustín de Iturbide" in Death, Dismemberment, and Memory in Latin America, Lyman L. Johnson, ed. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 2004
957:
The royal government had experience with the trial and execution of Father Miguel
Hidalgo y Costilla, which was done far from the capital and in rushed fashion; but Morelos's trial was conducted in the capital with the highest officials presiding, with the outcome of a guilty verdict and execution by
861:
and
Acapulco. Morelos arrived at Orizaba with 10,000 soldiers on 28 October 1812. The city was defended by 600 Spanish soldiers. Negotiation led to a surrender without bloodshed. He entered Oaxaca in triumph on 25 November 1812. Acapulco fell on 12 April 1813, forcing the Spanish army to take refuge
771:, where a few minutes before their departure, Morelos, who had read about his excommunication and his triumphs, found him. Morelos had heard of the revolt in October 1810 and determined to join it. Hidalgo asked his former student to recruit troops in the south of the colony and capture the port of
576:
kept separate registers for ethnic affiliation. Although ethnic affiliation was fluid in colonial
Spanish America, his family was considered as Spaniard according to the social categories of the time. His paternal family had both Spaniards and Mestizos (Indigenous and African) whereas his maternal
953:
Shortly thereafter, Morelos began his fourth military campaign, a series of defeats beginning at
Valladolid in late 1813. While escorting the new insurgent Congress in November 1815, he was defeated in Temalaca by royalist forces. Morelos and his guard were surrounded; rather than have all taken
580:
His father was José Manuel
Morelos y Robles, a carpenter originally from Zindurio, a village west of Valladolid. His mother was Juana María Guadalupe Pérez Pavón, originally from San Juan Bautista de Apaseo, also near Valladolid. Valladolid was the seat of a bishop and of the government of the
913:
On 31 September 1813, the
Congress, with Morelos present, endorsed Sentiments of the Nation. This document declared Mexican independence from Spain, established Catholicism as official religion and created the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government. It declared respect for
810:
Morelos soon showed himself to be a talented strategist, and became one of the greatest revolutionary military commanders of the war. In his first nine months, he won 22 victories, defeating the armies of three Spanish royalist leaders and capturing almost all of what is now the state of
961:
He was tried and sentenced to death for treason. Morelos was executed by firing squad on 22 December 1815, in San Cristóbal Ecatepec, north of Mexico City in order that his execution not provoke a dangerous public reaction. He was later judged to be reconciled to the church, lifting his
764:, excommunicated the insurgents. Hidalgo y Costilla and his army marched on to Valladolid, where the locals feared that the slaughter of Guanajuato would be repeated, prompting many people to abandon the region, particularly elites. Valladolid was taken peacefully on 17 October 1810.
779:, also a Spanish colony. Unlike Hidalgo, who was a poor tactician leading a huge and undisciplined following, Morelos quickly demonstrated military skills, gathering and training a small core of fighters. He sought allies in the region, and obtained cannons and other war materiel.
1095:
624:
was rector. When he was ordained a priest, he, as with many others without connections, had no benefice to guarantee any income as a priest. However, as a secular cleric, he took no vow of poverty and could freely pursue business activities to make a living.
1040:
539:
on 22 December 1815. Morelos is considered a national hero in Mexico, who despite not having a military background became a successful insurgency leader, credited with organizing and bolstering the War of Independence. The Mexican state of
819:. Spanish reinforcements forced him to raise the siege in January. By quick marches, he was able to capture most of the Spanish possessions on the Pacific coast of what are now Michoacán and Guerrero. On 24 May 1811, he occupied
619:
Morelos had ambitions for something more than working with his hands, and assiduously studied; his maternal grandfather was a school teacher. In 1789, he enrolled in the Colegio de San Nicolás Obispo in Valladolid, where Father
2147:
431:
915:
513:
929:). This established a limited executive and a powerful legislature, the opposite of what Morelos had called for. He nevertheless conceded that it was the best he could hope for under the circumstances.
616:) in the area where he fought in the insurgency, on the ground experience of the terrain that would be valuable. He is also said to have worked on a ranch rented by his uncle for nearly ten years.
628:
As a priest, he could not marry, but he did form a relationship with at least one woman, Brígida Almonte. He is known to have fathered three children: two sons and a daughter. His first born was
1019:
839:
710:, was one of the famous initial supporters of the revolt. Miguel Hidalgo and his followers rose in open rebellion against the Spanish colonial authorities launching what became the
1683:
Christon I. Archer, "Death's Patriots – Celebration, Denunciation, and Memories of Mexico's Independence Heroes: Miguel de Hidalgo, José María Morelos, and Agustín de Iturbide" in
2127:
2087:
2062:
2057:
1119:
1828:
460:
254:
2102:
2092:
2117:
1180:
491:, New Spain's main port in the Pacific Ocean. His campaigns galvanized regional insurgencies against Spanish rule, which made him the royalist army's main rival.
1326:
1169:
1125:
1056:
58:
2132:
698:, now celebrated every year on 15 September at 11:00 p.m.) that called for armed revolt after the Spanish colonial authorities had discovered the
900:, composed of representatives of the provinces under his control, to consider a political and social program which he outlined in a document entitled
1034:
in Mexico City, along with those of other heroes of the insurgency. The Presidential aircraft Boeing 787 TP-01 was named José María Morelos y Pavón.
2097:
1454:
1821:
1107:
941:
Contemporary engraving depicting the defrocking and degradation of Morelos by church officials before released to civil authorities for execution
2112:
1958:
1509:
1296:
757:
752:
in Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico. It was originally built between 1615 and 1617, but an earthquake destroyed it in 1776. It was rebuilt in 1783.
1920:
782:
Morelos's objectives for the rebellion called for the creation of a republican government that "all Mexican people would participate, the
737:
in battle, killing at least 400 Spaniards who had taken shelter. Among the dead was the crown's highest official in Guanajuato, Intendant
1175:
658:
1814:
1474:
1420:
437:
1783:
1617:
394:
1806:
650:
2122:
2107:
1011:
1795:
767:
In Tacámbaro, Hidalgo y Costilla was proclaimed general, and Allende captain general. Hidalgo ordered a rest for his troops in
1101:
Monument to José María Morelos y Pavón in Lincoln Park, Los Angeles, California, gift of Mexico President José López Portillo
682:(since renamed Dolores Hidalgo in his honor), ordered the church bells to be rung, and gathered his congregation. Flanked by
1790:
926:
830:
In his second campaign, Morelos divided his army into three groups. The most important engagement of this campaign was at
517:
364:
276:
2072:
2067:
902:
703:
501:
496:
711:
645:
441:
344:
1747:
Guedea, Virginia. "José María Morelos" in Encyclopedia of Mexico, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997, pp. 948–950.
1330:
1214:
2142:
802:
734:
2077:
1994:
1930:
1915:
1844:
667:
621:
589:
445:
214:
1076:
476:
897:
892:
Congress of Anahuac the day of the writing of Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America
875:
582:
505:
488:
389:
384:
115:
77:
568:. Although often portrayed as being of "mixed" or "indigenous" descent, Morelos was classified as a Spaniard (
20:
699:
2082:
1881:
1799:
602:
242:
2137:
730:
1047:
738:
349:
228:
744:
674:
from the Spanish empire. About 6:00 a.m. on 16 September 1810, Hidalgo, then the parish priest of
962:
excommunication, as he was seen praying on his way to his execution. After his death, his lieutenant,
925:, and on 22 October promulgated the "Decreto Constitucional para la Libertad de la América Mexicana" (
2052:
2047:
987:
761:
354:
906:(Sentiments of the Nation). The Congress called itself the Congress of Anáhuac, in reference to the
834:. On Christmas Eve 1811 the townspeople welcomed Morelos to the town. The next year his forces were
1889:
1023:
850:
536:
301:
596:
1974:
1910:
1599:
1302:
842:. On 2 May 1812, after 58 days, Morelos broke through the siege, and started his third campaign.
399:
379:
369:
1979:
1945:
1572:"Restoring Anáhuac: Indigenous Genealogies and Hemispheric Republicanism in Postcolonial Mexico"
556:
471:, soon becoming an insurgency leader. Aided by local peoples, along with revolutionary leaders
1984:
1858:
1666:
1591:
1505:
1470:
1426:
1416:
1292:
1259:
1007:
863:
816:
749:
592:. Both insurgents shared a common ancestor, Diego Ruiz de Cortés, who was a descendant of the
472:
374:
218:
690:, Hidalgo addressed the people in front of his church, urging them to take up arms, with the
1866:
1656:
1583:
1462:
1284:
1251:
1161:
963:
835:
831:
484:
424:
359:
1759:
Morelos, su vida revolucionaria a través de sus escritos y de otros testimonios de la época
2007:
1288:
991:
937:
888:
794:
722:
683:
675:
666:
The former rector of the Colegio de San Nicolás Obispo (where Morelos attended seminary),
573:
327:
2002:
1989:
1571:
1278:
633:
1621:
880:
717:
With the imperial government taken by surprise, operatives took important cities of the
1940:
1876:
1726:
Gustavo Watson Marron, director of the historical archive of the archdiocese, cited in
1360:
1063:
1030:
are also named after him. His remains were transferred to the Monument to Independence
995:
858:
691:
468:
599:. Hidalgo was the descendant of Ruiz de Cortés through his mother, Ana María Gallaga.
2041:
1925:
1603:
1306:
1147:
1003:
922:
323:
1498:
945:
1935:
1905:
1553:
1015:
999:
820:
783:
629:
593:
509:
305:
27:
1087:
523:
After a series of defeats, Morelos was captured by the royalist army in Temalaca,
464:
456:
194:
2018:
1687:, Lyman L. Johnson, ed. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 2004, p. 76.
1031:
776:
768:
702:, a clandestine movement seeking Mexican independence. Like Allende and Aldama,
687:
528:
504:
where he outlined his program for the Mexican nation. Under his leadership, the
232:
2023:
1871:
1661:
1644:
1137:
1067:
679:
532:
249:
1670:
1595:
1466:
1263:
1430:
1050:
in Mexico City, where his remains are entombed in the mausoleum at its base.
671:
480:
198:
1791:
Wallace L. McKeehan, "José María Morelos Man of God, Warrior & Patriot"
1239:
1778:
1255:
1504:. Westport, Connecticut, U.S.: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated.
1410:
1083:
846:
812:
772:
718:
1199:
Dates and other biographical information in this article are drawn from
721:
region without an organized response. The insurgency proclaimed Hidalgo
1587:
990:
since 1997, and on 1-peso coins during the 1940s, 1970s and 1980s. The
983:
979:
854:
815:. In December, he captured Acapulco for the first time, except for the
612:
565:
545:
541:
452:
331:
264:
190:
31:
1695:
1693:
581:
colonial Intendency of Valladolid. It was known as the "Garden of the
1618:"Museo Legislativo - Cámara de Diputados del H. Congreso de la Unión"
1027:
907:
824:
726:
524:
64:
921:
After several military defeats, the Congress organized a meeting in
1645:"La Constitución de Apatzingán y los creadores del estado mexicano"
786:, and the elimination of divisions between races and ethnicities."
944:
936:
887:
801:
793:
743:
657:
649:
601:
555:
916:
Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America
975:
1810:
16:
Mexican priest and rebel leader of Mexican War of Independence
520:
drafted by Congress declared that Mexico would be a Republic.
1768:, revised edition. El Paso: Texas Western College Press 1970.
1240:"Ethnohistory in the Study of the Black Population in Mexico"
632:, who played a significant role in Mexican military history.
1761:. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 1965.
560:
Birthplace and house of Morelos in Morelia, today a museum.
1412:
Mexico, Biography of Power: A History of Mexico, 1810–1996
806:
Insurgent coinage: Mexico, Oaxaca, 8 Reales 1814, obverse.
444:
movement, assuming its leadership after the execution of
148:
Himself as president under the Constitution of Apatzingan
2148:
Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo alumni
1560:. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 72.
986:
are named after him. Morelos has been portrayed on the
479:, Morelos occupied territories in southern and central
436:) (30 September 1765 – 22 December 1815) was a Mexican
1558:
A History of Modern Latin America: 1800 to the present
1244:
Contributions of the Latin American Anthropology Group
516:
the independence of Mexico. On 22 October 1814, the
1967:
1898:
1851:
1020:
Insurgente José María Morelos y Pavón National Park
775:, the west coast port for the Pacific trade to the
654:
Hidalgo and Morelos, mural in Museo Casa de Morelos
572:) in his baptismal register, a system in which the
337:
319:
311:
296:
288:
283:
271:
260:
248:
238:
224:
204:
177:
172:
152:
142:
132:
114:
104:
94:
76:
49:
1497:
588:Through his paternal line, Morelos was related to
535:as a cleric, and executed by civil authorities in
1685:Death, Dismemberment, and Memory in Latin America
1320:
1318:
1316:
670:was planning with others for the independence of
425:[xoˈsemaˈɾi.aˈteklomoˈɾelosˈpeɾesipaˈβon]
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1327:"Con sangre sacerdotal heredó Hidalgo la sotana"
729:on 21 September. Hidalgo y Costilla advanced to
255:Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
1752:Roots of Insurgency: Mexican Regions, 1750–1824
845:Major victories on this third campaign were at
733:; and on 28 September, the rebels captured the
38: and the second or maternal family name is
1443:Archer, Christon I. "Death's Patriots", p. 78.
564:Morelos was born in Valladolid, since renamed
1822:
1766:Morelos: Priest, Soldier, Statesman of Mexico
1754:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1986.
1536:
1534:
1238:Beltrán, Gonzalo Aguirre (19 December 2008).
898:National Constituent Congress of Chilpancingo
662:José María Morelos by Petronilo Monroy, 1865.
8:
2128:Mexican people of indigenous peoples descent
2088:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
440:, statesman and military leader who led the
128:15 September 1813 – 24 October 1814
2063:19th-century Mexican Roman Catholic priests
2058:18th-century Mexican Roman Catholic priests
1201:Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography
884:A map of the military campaigns of Morelos.
164:19 August 1811 – 15 September 1813
78:President of the Supreme Mexican Government
1829:
1815:
1807:
1459:Revolutions in the Western World 1775–1825
1399:, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997, p. 948.
1395:Guedea, Virginia. "José María Morelos" in
90:24 October 1814 – 5 November 1815
57:
46:
2103:People executed for treason against Spain
2093:People of the Mexican War of Independence
1796:"Mexico Builds Her Own Statue Of Liberty"
1660:
1181:Reward offered for Morelos y Pavón's head
640:Insurrection against the Spanish monarchy
2118:People executed by Spain by firing squad
1916:Aniversario de la Expropiación petrolera
1415:. New York: HarperCollins. p. 106.
879:
1886:Transmisión del Poder Ejecutivo Federal
1643:Hamill, Hugh M. Jr. (1 February 1981).
1366:. New York: HarperCollins 1997, p. 103.
1192:
1170:Equestrian statue of José María Morelos
1126:Equestrian statue of José María Morelos
1036:
741:, an old friend of Hidalgo y Costilla.
606:Exact birthplace of José María Morelos.
1528:, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997, 948.
1277:Jr., Henry Louis Gates (5 June 2020).
966:, continued the war for independence.
417:José María Teclo Morelos Pérez y Pavón
1954:Natalicio de José Ma. Morelos y Pavón
1576:American Journal of Political Science
1455:"The Process of Mexican Independence"
423:
267:, Priest, Military leader, Politician
7:
1351:Guedea, "José María Morelos", p. 948
467:in 1799. He joined Miguel Hidalgo's
1649:Hispanic American Historical Review
1329:. vanguardia.com.mx. Archived from
1289:10.18574/nyu/9780814733424.001.0001
1176:List of people from Morelos, Mexico
1708:Archer, "Death's Patriots", p. 78.
1699:Archer, "Death's Patriots", p. 76.
1570:Chang, Arturo (4 September 2021).
1213:Herrekon, Carlos (19 April 2019).
1113:Citadel Square; José María Morelos
153:Member of the Council of Zitacuaro
14:
2133:Mexican people of Spanish descent
1717:Archer, "Death's Patriots" p. 78.
974:Morelos is considered a national
1838:
1777:
1524:Guedea, "José María Morelos" in
1154:
1140:
1118:
1106:
1094:
1075:
1055:
1039:
1026:from the Communications company
798:Self-portrait of Morelos in 1813
300:
275:
116:Chief of the Congress of Anáhuac
63:Depiction of Morelos by unknown
2098:Executed Roman Catholic priests
1950:Consumación de la Independencia
1620:. 15 March 2008. Archived from
1216:Morelos, Revelaciones y Enigmas
500:, a document influenced by the
1172:, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
610:Morelos worked as a muleteer (
395:Battle of Lomas de Santa María
1:
2015:Día de la Virgen de Guadalupe
1283:. New York University Press.
585:" because of its prosperity.
2113:People executed by New Spain
1757:Lemoine Villacaña, Ernesto.
1046:Sculpture of Morelos at the
896:In 1813, Morelos called the
836:besieged by the Spanish army
463:and was appointed priest of
30:, the first or paternal
2028:Dia de los Santos Inocentes
1931:Natalicio de Miguel Hidalgo
1921:Heroica Defensa de Veracruz
840:Félix María Calleja del Rey
712:Mexican War of Independence
646:Mexican War of Independence
442:Mexican War of Independence
345:Mexican War of Independence
2164:
2012:Día de los Fieles Difuntos
1867:Natalicio de Benito Juárez
1384:Mexico: Biography of Power
1364:Mexico: Biography of Power
1219:. El Colegio de Michooacan
927:Constitution of Apatzingán
873:
643:
577:family was fully Spanish.
518:Constitution of Apatzingán
365:Siege of Huajuapan de León
25:
18:
1959:Descubrimiento de América
1845:Public holidays in Mexico
1662:10.1215/00182168-61.1.186
1496:Kirkwood, Burton (2000).
1453:Guedea, Virginia (2017),
903:Sentimientos de la Nación
704:Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez
668:Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
622:Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
590:Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
512:, and on 6 November 1813
497:Sentimientos de la Nación
446:Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
410:
168:
157:
121:
83:
72:
56:
1467:10.4324/9781315244174-23
1409:Krauze, Enrique (1997).
978:of Mexico; the state of
876:Congress of Chilpancingo
870:Congress of Chilpancingo
583:Viceroyalty of New Spain
19:Not to be confused with
2123:Mexican revolutionaries
2108:Executed Mexican people
2008:Día de Todos los Santos
1975:Día de los Santos Reyes
1946:Día de los Niños Héroes
1800:Popular Science Monthly
1018:where he was executed,
735:Alhóndiga de Granaditas
700:Conspiracy of Querétaro
630:Juan Nepomuceno Almonte
494:In 1813, Morelos wrote
243:Juan Nepomuceno Almonte
1863:Día de la Constitución
1526:Encyclopedia of Mexico
1397:Encyclopedia of Mexico
1280:Black in Latin America
1022:in Michoacán, and the
950:
942:
893:
885:
823:and on 26 May he took
807:
799:
753:
663:
655:
607:
561:
537:San Cristóbal Ecatepec
527:. He was tried by the
461:Colegio de San Nicolás
215:San Cristóbal Ecatepec
1786:at Wikimedia Commons
1764:Timmons, Wilbert H.
1256:10.1525/jlca976.1.1.3
1062:Statue of Morelos in
1048:Angel of Independence
948:
940:
933:Capture and execution
891:
883:
805:
797:
747:
706:, popularly known as
661:
653:
605:
559:
548:are named after him.
502:Constitution of Cádiz
459:, Morelos studied at
350:Battle of El Veladero
312:Years of service
229:Angel of Independence
1882:Día de la Revolución
1877:Día de Independencia
1461:, pp. 549–563,
949:Execution of Morelos
784:abolition of slavery
762:Manuel Abad y Queipo
355:Battle of Tenancingo
2073:People from Morelos
2068:People from Morelia
1980:Día de San Valentín
1333:on 14 February 2013
1012:Ecatepec de Morelos
853:on 10 August 1812,
758:bishop of Michoacán
696:El Grito de Dolores
506:Congress of Anáhuac
477:Ignacio López Rayón
1999:Día del estudiante
1852:Statutory holidays
1784:José María Morelos
1750:Hamnett, Brian R.
1588:10.1111/ajps.12660
1542:José María Morelos
951:
943:
894:
886:
808:
800:
754:
739:Juan Antonio Riaño
664:
656:
608:
562:
489:capturing Acapulco
400:Battle of Temalaca
380:Capture of Orizaba
370:Battle of Escamela
306:Mexican Insurgency
51:José María Morelos
21:José María Morales
2143:1815 in New Spain
2035:
2034:
1990:Día de las Madres
1911:Día de la Bandera
1782:Media related to
1730:, 31 August 2009.
1511:978-0-313-30351-7
1500:History of Mexico
1298:978-0-8147-3342-4
1024:Morelos Satellite
1008:Mexico City Metro
864:Fort of San Diego
817:Fort of San Diego
750:Fort of San Diego
508:was installed in
473:Mariano Matamoros
414:
413:
390:Siege of Acapulco
385:Capture of Oaxaca
375:Battle of Zitlala
188:30 September 1765
2155:
2078:Mexican generals
1941:Grito de Dolores
1936:Día de la Marina
1906:Día del Ejército
1843:
1842:
1841:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1808:
1781:
1744:pp. 63–104.
1731:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1709:
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1985:Día del Niño
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1728:El Universal
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1684:
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1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1622:the original
1612:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1557:
1549:
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1396:
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1363:
1356:
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1335:. Retrieved
1331:the original
1279:
1272:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1215:
1208:
1200:
1195:
1016:Mexico State
1000:Quintana Roo
994:in Morelia,
988:50-peso note
982:and city of
973:
960:
956:
952:
920:
912:
901:
895:
844:
829:
821:Chilpancingo
809:
781:
766:
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716:
707:
695:
665:
634:Lucas Alamán
627:
618:
611:
609:
594:conquistador
587:
579:
569:
563:
544:and city of
522:
510:Chilpancingo
495:
493:
450:
416:
415:
338:Battles/wars
210:(1815-12-22)
159:
144:Succeeded by
123:
110:Ignacio Alas
106:Succeeded by
85:
44:
39:
35:
28:Spanish name
2053:1815 deaths
2048:1765 births
2019:Las Posadas
1968:Festivities
777:Philippines
769:Indaparapeo
688:Juan Aldama
529:Inquisition
233:Mexico City
134:Preceded by
96:Preceded by
2042:Categories
2024:Nochebuena
1655:(1): 186.
1250:(1): 3–6.
1187:References
1082:Statue at
1068:Cuernavaca
1066:, central
923:Apatzingán
731:Guanajuato
680:Guanajuato
552:Early life
453:Valladolid
289:Allegiance
261:Profession
250:Alma mater
191:Valladolid
184:1765-09-30
1859:Año Nuevo
1671:0018-2168
1604:239636072
1596:0092-5853
1544:, p. 948.
1386:, p. 105.
1307:250662357
1264:1935-4940
1088:Michoacán
1070:, Morelos
790:Campaigns
672:New Spain
533:defrocked
481:New Spain
465:Carácuaro
457:Michoacán
448:in 1811.
315:1810–1815
272:Signature
199:New Spain
195:Michoacán
160:In office
124:In office
86:In office
1556:(2010).
1540:Guedea,
1431:35128211
1382:Krauze,
1203:1887–89.
1134:See also
1084:Janitzio
1032:El Ángel
851:Tehuacán
847:Citlalli
813:Guerrero
773:Acapulco
514:declared
451:Born in
421:Spanish:
239:Children
26:In this
1890:Navidad
1337:15 June
1223:2 April
1006:on the
984:Morelia
980:Morelos
862:in the
855:Orizaba
832:Cuautla
676:Dolores
613:arriero
570:español
566:Morelia
546:Morelia
542:Morelos
332:Colonel
265:Arriero
67:painter
36:Morelos
32:surname
1669:
1628:8 July
1602:
1594:
1508:
1482:8 July
1473:
1429:
1419:
1305:
1295:
1262:
1028:Satmex
1002:, the
970:Legacy
908:Aztecs
859:Oaxaca
825:Tixtla
727:Celaya
525:Puebla
292:Mexico
65:Mixtec
1600:S2CID
1303:S2CID
719:Bajío
40:Pavón
1667:ISSN
1630:2022
1592:ISSN
1506:ISBN
1484:2022
1471:ISBN
1427:OCLC
1417:ISBN
1339:2012
1293:ISBN
1260:ISSN
1225:2021
976:hero
756:The
748:The
686:and
487:and
475:and
320:Rank
205:Died
178:Born
1657:doi
1584:doi
1463:doi
1285:doi
1252:doi
1014:in
34:is
2044::
1692:^
1665:.
1653:61
1651:.
1647:.
1598:.
1590:.
1580:67
1578:.
1574:.
1533:^
1469:,
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1371:^
1315:^
1301:.
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910:.
866:.
857:,
827:.
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714:.
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193:,
1830:e
1823:t
1816:v
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1465::
1433:.
1341:.
1309:.
1287::
1266:.
1254::
1248:1
1227:.
694:(
419:(
186:)
182:(
42:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
