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377:. De la Serna was wounded and taken prisoner. The Royalist army had 2,000 dead and wounded and lost 3,000 prisoners, with the remainder of the army entirely dispersed. General Canterac, the second in command, signed an honorable capitulation the next day, December 9, 1824. De la Serna, who on the date of the battle had been created conde de los Andes by King
357:
On August 24 De la Serna sent
General Canterac with a force of 4,000 men to relieve Callao. Nevertheless, Callao was forced to surrender on September 19, 1821, due to lack of supplies. In Cuzco dissension broke out in the Royalist army. General Olañeta refused obedience and maintained an independent
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On
January 29, 1821, the principal officers of the camp, partisans of De la Serna, petitioned the viceroy to resign in favor of De la Serna. De la Pezuela refused, and ordered De la Serna to subdue the mutiny, but De la Serna claimed to be unable to do so. The viceroy turned over executive authority
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Serna's relations with
Viceroy De la Pezuela further deteriorated. (De la Pezuela was an absolutist and De la Serna a liberal.) De la Serna finally asked to be relieved so that he could retire to Spain. Permission was received in May 1819, and in September he resigned the command of the army to
303:. He had partisans in Lima, and upon his arrival there they demonstrated in favor of his remaining in Peru to face the threatened invasion of San Martín from Chile. De la Pezuela agreed to promote De la Serna to lieutenant general and name him president of a council of war.
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A Spanish commissioner, Captain Manuel Abreu, arrived in Lima while San Martín was threatening the capital. He brought orders to the viceroy to negotiate for a peaceful settlement. De la Serna sent him on to meet with San Martín. Negotiations did begin on May 3, 1821 at
335:, with representatives from both sides. The negotiations lasted until June 24, but brought no agreement. The stumbling block was independence. The insurgents demanded it, and Spain insisted on submission to the king. On June 25, hostilities began again.
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De la Serna was forced to abandon the capital on July 6, 1821. San Martín entered the capital four days later, and was received by the common people with jubilation. On July 15, 1821 the Act of
Independence of Peru was signed at the city hall in Lima.
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in Chile. San Martín had made an arduous, 21-day crossing of the mountains from
Argentina. He conquered Chile, and De la Serna's army in Upper Peru was reduced to defensive warfare against various rebel groups in different parts of the country.
369:. De la Serna was now resolved to risk everything to crush the revolt. He left Cuzco in October with a well-disciplined army of 10,000 infantry and 1,600 cavalry. He met the insurgent army in the mountain plain of
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In Spain, De la Serna was welcomed at court and his administration was approved. He was later named captain general of
Granada. He died childless in 1832 in Cádiz.
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In 1816, having risen to the rank of major general, he was appointed to take command of the
Spanish forces in Peru battling the insurgents. He arrived in
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381:, was released soon afterward and sailed for Europe. In all but name, the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru was at an end.
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Thereafter he traveled in
Switzerland and the Orient, finally returning to Spain in 1811. In Spain he fought under
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203:(May 1, 1770 – July 6, 1832) was a Spanish general and colonial official. He was the last Spanish
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231:(1809). During the latter battle he was captured and taken to France as a prisoner. He soon escaped.
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Martínez Vivot, José María - Boletín Nro 5. , Centro de
Estudios Genealógicos de Buenos Aires, 1990
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to protect the capital against San Martin's advance. He was ordered by the viceroy to march to
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He entered the army at a young age and saw his first service (as a cadet) in the defense of
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on the evening of the same day. Later, the results of this coup were recognized by Spain.
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when the
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ordered De la Serna to attack Argentine insurgents in the province of
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against the Moors in 1784. Later he saw service against the French in
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on December 8, and the following day was totally defeated by General
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to exercise effective power (January 29, 1821 to December 1824).
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against the French, until the expulsion of the latter in 1813.
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José de la Serna e Hinojosa, 1st Count of the Andes
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254:on September 22, 1816 and proceeded directly to
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501:Royalists in the Hispanic American Revolution
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80:January 29, 1821 – December 9, 1824
361:Canterac was defeated on August 6, 1824 by
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246:In command of Spanish forces in Upper Peru
223:(1795), against the British under Admiral
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425:The Battle of Ayacucho, order of battle
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16:Spanish general and colonial official
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277:De la Serna had advanced as far as
227:(1797), and in the second siege of
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511:People from Jerez de la Frontera
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441:Joaquín de la Pezuela
375:Antonio José de Sucre
306:San Martin landed in
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101:Joaquín de la Pezuela
141:Jerez de la Frontera
458:Juan Pío de Tristán
433:Government offices
113:Juan Pío de Tristán
326:As viceroy of Peru
283:José de San Martín
177:Lieutenant General
43:The Most Excellent
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455:Succeeded by
287:Army of the Andes
225:José de Mazarredo
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157:(1832-07-06)
155:July 6, 1832
108:Succeeded by
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21:Spanish name
506:Che Guevara
481:1832 deaths
476:1770 births
138:May 1, 1770
96:Preceded by
29:de la Serna
470:Categories
452:1821–1824
393:References
312:Aznapuquio
256:Upper Peru
236:Wellington
211:Background
173:Profession
134:1770-05-01
333:Punchauca
264:Cotagaita
221:Catalonia
183:Signature
76:In office
419:Archived
371:Ayacucho
299:General
229:Zaragoza
33:Hinojosa
19:In this
316:Chancay
272:Tucumán
260:Bolivia
238:in the
85:Monarch
25:surname
252:Callao
367:Junín
348:Cuzco
344:Jauja
308:Pisco
279:Salta
258:(now
217:Ceuta
167:Spain
163:Cádiz
145:Spain
66:40th
151:Died
128:Born
365:at
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