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787:(Wilmington: Isi Books, 2008), 240. Kirk, in his discussion, mentions the critique of George Orwell as one of the more prominent positions on Eliot's development. Orwell said: "It is clear that something has departed, some kind of current has been switched off, the later verse does not contain the earlier, even if it is claimed as an improvement upon it He does not really feel his faith, but merely assents to it for complex reasons. It does not in itself give him any fresh literary impulse."
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537:, the very dead of winter." This opening represents a recollection by the magus which sets off the reflections which follow. The speaker says that a voice was always whispering in their ears as they went that "this was all folly". The magus seems generally unimpressed by the infant, and yet realizes that the
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became known, it was "an understandable choice to those around him" given his intellectual convictions, and that "he could not have done anything less than seek what he regarded as the most ancient, most sacramental, and highest expression of the
Christian faith that forms the indisputable basis for
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In 1936, Faber & Faber, the successor firm to Faber & Gwyer, collected "Journey of the Magi" and three of the other poems under the heading "Ariel Poems" for an edition of Eliot's collected poems. ("Triumphal March" appears as
Section 1 of "Coriolan" in the "Unfinished Poems" section.) When
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said that this "deprived his art of its once incomparable distinction in style and tone". Other critics thought Eliot's exploration of
Christian themes was a positive development in his poetry, including Gordon Symes, who recognised it as "an evaluation of old age, an elucidation of its special
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Faber released another series in 1954, Eliot included a sixth poem, "The
Cultivation of Christmas Trees", illustrated by artist and poet David Jones, which was added to Faber's 1963 edition of his collected poems. Both editions of collected poems were published in the United States by
520:, as well as a number of Eliot's own works. Instead of a celebration of the wonders of the journey, the poem is largely a complaint about a journey that was painful and tedious. It begins with five lines adapted from a passage in the "Nativity Sermon", preached by
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elements, where an entire philosophical position is summed up by the manifestation of a single image. For example, the narrator says that on the journey they saw "three trees against a low sky"; the single image of the three trees implies the historical future (the
579:. The speaker of the poem is in agitation and speaks to the reader directly. His revelations are accidental and born out of his emotional distress. As with other works, Eliot chooses an elderly speaker – someone who is world-weary, reflective, and sad (cf.
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on
Christmas Day 1622. Andrewes' original text reads "A cold coming they had of it at this time of the year, just the worst time of the year to take a journey, and specially a long journey. The ways deep, the weather sharp, the days short, the sun farthest off,
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to print 5,000 copies. There was a limited edition of 350 copies that was printed "on
Zanders' hand-made paper". According to Gilmour, the edition was printed "in batches of eight." A yellow cover was used for Eliot's poem after Curwen's designer
461:(8vo) pamphlet "line block in black with brown and grey; casing, thin card covered with yellow laid paper." The font of the cover and poem text was "Imprint" created by Gerard Meynell & J. H. Mason in 1913 for the printing trade magazine
429:, one of the partners in Faber & Gwyer, to write one poem each year for a series of illustrated pamphlets with holiday themes to be sent to the firm's clients and business acquaintances as Christmas greetings. This series, called the
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from a selection of
English writers and poets from 1927 through 1931. The first poem that Eliot wrote, "Journey of the Magi", was released as the eighth in the series in August 1927. Eliot would follow with four more poems:
507:. This means that the events was narrated from the first person point of view, which means that it was told by an eye witness with an experience of the tales. It picks up Eliot's consistent theme of
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In 1925, Eliot became a poetry editor at the London publishing firm of Faber and Gwyer, Ltd., after a career in banking, and subsequent to the success of his earlier poems, including "
751:. (London: Faber and Faber, 1929). The specific quote is: "The general point of view may be described as classicist in literature, royalist in politics, and anglo-catholic [
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in this poem is a witness to historical change who seeks to rise above his historical moment, a man who, despite material wealth and prestige, has lost his spiritual bearings.
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All six poems were published together as a separate publication for the first time by Faber & Faber in 2014. This publication included the original illustrations.
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467:. The poem was printed on two pages, accompanied a colour images by Kauffer, and included one page of advertisements. Faber & Gwyer contracted with the
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Critical reviews of Eliot's poems shifted as well, with some critics asserting that Eliot's work suffered with the addition of
Christian themes. One critic,
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2:20). The speaker, recalling his journey in old age, says that after that birth his world had died, and he had little left to do but wait for his own end.
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which is an allusion as it makes reference to a biblical term) and the spiritual truth of the future (the skies lowered and heaven opened).
191:(1890–1954). The poems, including "Journey of the Magi", were later published in both editions of Eliot's collected poems in 1936 and 1963.
183:). Published in August 1927, "Journey of the Magi" was the eighth in the series and was accompanied by illustrations drawn by American-born
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442:" in August 1928, "Animula" in October 1929, "Marina" in September 1930, and "Triumphal March" in October 1931. Four of Eliot's five
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that he considered himself a classicist in literature, a royalist in politics, and an Anglo-Catholic in religion. When his
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Oliver Simon at the Curwen Press: a bibliographic handlist of their book production from 1919 to 1955
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Oliver Simon at the Curwen Press: a bibliographic handlist of their book production from 1919 to 1955
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poems, including "Journey of the Magi", were accompanied by illustrations by
American-born
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the culture and civilization of modern Europe". Eliot's conversion and his adherence to
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Artists at Curwen: A Celebration of the Gift of
Artists' Prints from the Curwen Studio
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770:(a review of 1936 Harcourt, Brace edition of Eliot's Collected Poems: 1909–1935) in
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Eliot, T(homas). S(tearns). "Journey of the Magi" (London: Faber & Gwyer, 1927).
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Critical Companion to T. S. Eliot: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work
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grace, and an appreciation of its special function in the progress of the soul".
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This article is about the poem by Eliot. For the composition by Britten, see
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Eliot and His Age: T. S. Eliot's Moral Imagination in the Twentieth Century.
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Faber & Gwyer, Ltd., printed the "Journey of the Magi" in a 7ÂĽ" Ă— 4 Âľ",
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The poem is an account of the journey from the point of view of one of the
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Eliot changes the first person to the third person, and omits the Latin.
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who travelled to Bethlehem to visit the newborn Jesus according to the
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and released by the British publishing house Faber and Gwyer (later
665:. (London: Faber & Faber; New York: Harcourt Brace, 1936); and
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669:. (London: Faber & Faber; New York: Harcourt Brace, 1963).
904:. (Plaistow: Curwen Press, 1963). Retrieved 12 November 2013.
876:. (Plaistow: Curwen Press, 1963). Retrieved 12 November 2013.
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931:"Sermons of the Nativity. Preached upon Christmas-Day, 1622"
844:. (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1969), 34, passim.
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With a running stream and a water-mill beating the darkness,
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Then we came to a tavern with vine-leaves over the lintel,
369:" (1922). In these years, Eliot gravitated away from his
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We had evidence and no doubt. I had seen birth and death,
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Text of the poem and recording of Eliot reading the poem
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The Annotated Waste Land with Eliot's Contemporary Prose
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And the night-fires going out, and the lack of shelters,
933:. Project Canterbury Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology
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research and analysis from University of South Florida
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Zabel, Morton D. "T. S. Eliot in Mid-Career," in
709:. (New York: Facts on File/InfoBase Publishing, 2007).
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Six hands at an open door dicing for pieces of silver,
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Finding the place; it was (you may say) satisfactory.
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And running away, and wanting their liquor and women,
857:. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 114.
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objected for its use in the seventh Ariel pamphlet,
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But no longer at ease here, in the old dispensation,
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Hard and bitter agony for us, like Death, our death.
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But had thought they were different; this Birth was
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And an old white horse galloped away in the meadow.
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840:Gallup, Donald. "A9a. The Journey of the Magi" in
809:Symes, Gordon. "T. S. Eliot and Old Age", in
685:T. S. Eliot’s Ariel Poems: The Poetics of Recovery
1128:The Awefull Battle of the Pekes and the Pollicles
306:But there was no information, and so we continued
292:Wet, below the snow line, smelling of vegetation;
749:For Lancelot Andrewes: Essays on Style and Order
290:Then at dawn we came down to a temperate valley,
277:And the villages dirty and charging high prices:
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826:, (Harmondsworth: Pelican Books, 1969), passim.
275:And the cities hostile and the towns unfriendly
259:And the camels galled, sore-footed, refractory,
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722:(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005), 9ff.
350:T. S. Eliot in 1920, in a photo taken by
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575:– a form he inherited and adapted from
321:Birth or Death? There was a Birth, certainly,
308:And arrived at evening, not a moment too soon
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381:into the Anglican faith on 29 June, 1927 at
281:At the end we preferred to travel all night,
1396:T. S. Eliot Prize (Truman State University)
768:Books: Royalist, Classicist, Anglo-Catholic
393:the following day in the private chapel of
285:With the voices singing in our ears, saying
265:The summer palaces on slopes, the terraces,
175:by several authors collectively titled the
54:The cover of the poem's first publication,
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425:In 1927, Eliot was asked by his employer,
414:informed and influenced his later poetry.
333:With an alien people clutching their gods.
329:We returned to our places, these Kingdoms,
171:that Eliot contributed for a series of 38
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27:
3338:Depictions of the Biblical Magi in poetry
774:(25 May 1936). Retrieved 24 October 2013.
313:All this was a long time ago, I remember,
269:Then the camel men cursing and grumbling
635:
253:For a journey, and such a long journey:
163:" is a 43-line poem written in 1927 by
304:And feet kicking the empty wine-skins,
267:And the silken girls bringing sherbet.
2874:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
315:And I would do it again, but set down
228:incorporates quotations and literary
7:
1340:Canticle IV: The Journey of the Magi
373:upbringing and began to embrace the
255:The ways deep and the weather sharp,
21:Canticle IV: The Journey of the Magi
1276:Tradition and the Individual Talent
1121:Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats
1024:The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
920:. (London: Tate Gallery, 1977), 47.
736:T. S. Eliot: An Imperfect Life
625:List of Christmas-themed literature
581:The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
545:". . . were we led all that way for
359:The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
335:I should be glad of another death.
319:This: were we led all that way for
202:and his poetry, starting with the
14:
541:has changed everything. He asks,
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2750:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
2645:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
1103:
194:In the previous year, Eliot had
595:, and possibly the narrator of
296:And three trees on the low sky,
261:Lying down in the melting snow.
251:Just the worst time of the year
2730:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
2659:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
2042:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
1821:Legend of the Christmas Spider
824:The New Poetic: Yeats to Eliot
556:was the death of the world of
1:
2681:Christmas television specials
2580:The New Oxford Book of Carols
1667:Annunciation to the shepherds
800:(September 1931): 36:330–337.
747:Eliot, T. S. Preface to
718:Rainey, Lawrence S. (editor)
490:Harcourt, Brace & Company
263:There were times we regretted
2735:Christmas and holiday season
813:169(3) (March 1951): 186–93.
661:Eliot, T(homas). S(tearns).
232:to works by earlier writers
1324:Assassinio nella cattedrale
1290:A Choice of Kipling's Verse
896:1927 Jzf8a ordinary edition
842:T. S. Eliot: A Bibliography
499:Interpretation and analysis
249:A cold coming we had of it,
3369:
1647:Adoration of the Shepherds
1446:Vivienne Haigh-Wood Eliot
1298:The Frontiers of Criticism
1262:Selected Essays, 1917–1932
855:Thomas Stearns Eliot: Poet
738:. (London: Vintage, 1998).
667:Collected Poems: 1909–1962
663:Collected Poems: 1909–1935
18:
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2891:WWE Tribute to the Troops
2652:A Visit from St. Nicholas
2573:The Oxford Book of Carols
2149:Feast of the Seven Fishes
1712:Massacre of the Innocents
1561:
1470:Charlotte Champe Stearns
1101:
1006:
892:1927 Jzf8 limited edition
705:Murphy, Russell Elliott.
606:The poem has a number of
279:A hard time we had of it.
257:The very dead of winter.’
47:
37:
2693:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
1478:William Greenleaf Eliot
287:That this was all folly.
16:1927 poem by T. S. Eliot
3353:Faber & Faber books
2855:Small Business Saturday
2725:Black Friday (shopping)
2720:Black Friday (partying)
2214:Nine Lessons and Carols
2144:Events and celebrations
1413:Portrait of T. S. Eliot
1332:Murder in the Cathedral
1316:Murder in the Cathedral
1269:Hamlet and His Problems
1216:Murder in the Cathedral
1142:Growltiger's Last Stand
1045:Whispers of Immortality
342:Writing and publication
189:Edward McKnight Kauffer
96:Edward McKnight Kauffer
2499:Post-War United States
1237:The Confidential Clerk
868:"Notes on Ariel Poems"
354:
338:
3328:Poetry by T. S. Eliot
2548:Hit singles in the US
2543:Hit singles in the UK
2104:Carols by Candlelight
2032:Santa Claus' daughter
1640:Adoration of the Magi
403:For Lancelot Andrewes
352:Lady Ottoline Morrell
349:
283:Sleeping in snatches,
2840:Santa's Candy Castle
2164:Google Santa Tracker
1511:William Butler Yeats
1135:Gus: The Theatre Cat
526:Bishop of Winchester
167:(1888–1965). It is
2845:Santa Claus Village
2760:Christmas Mountains
2666:Journey of the Magi
1672:Baptism of the Lord
1506:Jean Jules Verdenal
1244:The Elder Statesman
1087:Journey of the Magi
962:Journey of the Magi
757:] in religion."
683:Timmerman, John H.
564:, and paganism (cf
535:in solsitio brumali
452:E. McKnight Kauffer
433:, would release 38
395:Thomas Banks Strong
244:Journey of the Magi
161:Journey of the Magi
32:Journey of the Magi
2955:Twelve-dish supper
2805:Jews and Christmas
2755:Christmas Lectures
2484:American Civil War
2219:NORAD Tracks Santa
1595:Saint Nicholas Day
1230:The Cocktail Party
1223:The Family Reunion
1149:The Naming of Cats
1031:Portrait of a Lady
822:Stead, Christian.
573:dramatic monologue
355:
226:dramatic monologue
107:Dramatic monologue
79:First published in
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2950:Thirteen desserts
2870:Virginia O'Hanlon
2715:Advent Conspiracy
2629:Films (Christmas,
2621:A Christmas Carol
2566:Carols for Choirs
2109:Cavalcade of Magi
2089:Boar's Head Feast
1758:Star of Bethlehem
1729:Nativity of Jesus
1717:flight into Egypt
1602:St. Stephen's Day
1519:
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1496:John Davy Hayward
1481:
1473:
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1462:Henry Ware Eliot
1457:
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1391:T. S. Eliot Prize
1202:Sweeney Agonistes
1094:A Song for Simeon
890:Phillips, Robin.
866:Phillips, Robin.
853:Moody, A. David.
734:Gordon, Lyndell.
552:The birth of the
522:Lancelot Andrewes
482:Siegfried Sassoon
440:A Song for Simeon
412:Anglo-Catholicism
375:Church of England
234:Lancelot Andrewes
218:Gospel of Matthew
200:Anglo-Catholicism
169:one of five poems
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56:Faber & Gwyer
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3133:Redcurrant sauce
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2635:Christmas horror
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2199:Meals and feasts
2119:Christmas jumper
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2037:Santa's reindeer
1989:
1935:Father Christmas
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1856:Santa's workshop
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548:Birth or Death?"
399:Bishop of Oxford
206:(1927–1931) and
145:
143:
135:Publication date
98:
74:
72:
58:'s 1927 pamphlet
52:
43:
33:
28:
3368:
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3359:
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3357:
3343:Christmas poems
3323:Modernist poems
3313:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3282:
3248:Pickled herring
3221:
3190:
3137:
3128:Cranberry sauce
3111:
3090:
3066:Red velvet cake
3051:Poppy seed roll
2969:
2920:
2909:
2907:
2901:
2880:White Christmas
2770:Christmas truce
2765:Christmas seals
2745:Christmas creep
2707:
2705:
2699:
2600:
2594:
2511:
2505:
2342:
2336:
2189:Lord of Misrule
2124:Christmas Peace
2074:Advent calendar
2064:
2058:
2007:Knecht Ruprecht
1987:
1985:
1979:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1779:
1775:
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1692:Herod the Great
1627:
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1386:Faber and Faber
1367:
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1283:The Sacred Wood
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783:Kirk, Russell.
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577:Robert Browning
501:
484:'s "Nativity".
419:Morton D. Zabel
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3179:Smoking Bishop
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2860:Super Saturday
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2802:
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2790:Giving Tuesday
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2740:Christmas club
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2022:Père Fouettard
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1988:Saint Nicholas
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1940:Grandpa Indian
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
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1908:Saint Nicholas
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1846:Old Man Winter
1843:
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1831:Miner's figure
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1816:Kallikantzaros
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1567:Blue Christmas
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1454:Valerie Eliot
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1177:Little Gidding
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1114:
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1109:
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1069:
1066:The Hollow Men
1062:
1059:The Waste Land
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1027:
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1007:
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951:
950:External links
948:
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916:Gilmour, Pat.
906:
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597:The Hollow Men
593:The Waste Land
550:
549:
546:
500:
497:
431:"Ariel Series"
427:Geoffrey Faber
367:The Waste Land
365:" (1920) and "
343:
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238:Matthew Arnold
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3226:Meat and fish
3224:
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3208:
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3164:Hot chocolate
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2865:Ugly sweaters
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2775:Controversies
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2618:
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2612:
2611:
2610:In literature
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2479:United States
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2084:Advent wreath
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2079:Advent candle
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1990:
1986:Companions of
1982:
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1898:Gift-bringers
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1763:Twelfth Night
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1724:Nativity Fast
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1657:Angel Gabriel
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1588:Christmas Eve
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1480:(grandfather)
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1456:(second wife)
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1380:The Criterion
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1861:TiĂł de Nadal
1811:Korvatunturi
1662:Annunciation
1628:Christianity
1609:Sol Invictus
1448:(first wife)
1441:Eliot family
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3253:Roast goose
3174:Mulled wine
3154:Champurrado
3149:Apple cider
3123:Bread sauce
3076:Szaloncukor
3056:Pumpkin pie
3006:Gingerbread
2960:Smörgåsbord
2601:Other media
2439:Philippines
2429:New Zealand
2312:Twelve Days
2269:Räuchermann
2224:Nutcrackers
2174:Las Posadas
2134:Decorations
2114:Christingle
2054:Zwarte Piet
2049:Snegurochka
1970:Sinterklaas
1920:Santa Claus
1422:(1984 play,
1308:Adaptations
1113:Later poems
1080:Ariel Poems
1016:Early poems
1000:T. S. Eliot
811:Fortnightly
613:crucifixion
539:Incarnation
517:Dover Beach
464:The Imprint
448:avant garde
387:Oxfordshire
361:" (1915), "
204:Ariel Poems
185:avant garde
177:Ariel Poems
165:T. S. Eliot
142:August 1927
138:August 1927
91:Illustrator
84:Ariel poems
41:T. S. Eliot
3333:1927 poems
3317:Categories
2981:Candy cane
2930:Joulupöytä
2830:Pikkujoulu
2494:New Mexico
2343:By country
2317:Wassailing
2258:Poinsettia
2065:Traditions
2017:Mrs. Claus
1997:Belsnickel
1950:Julemanden
1945:Joulupukki
1876:Wenceslaus
1841:North Pole
1806:Jack Frost
1796:Christkind
1751:Neapolitan
1574:Boxing Day
1501:Ezra Pound
1491:Emily Hale
1425:1994 film)
1372:Publishing
1163:East Coker
631:References
566:Colossians
509:alienation
407:conversion
389:, and was
222:alienation
119:Free verse
3268:Tourtière
3258:Romeritos
3195:Dumplings
3142:Beverages
3046:Pecan pie
3036:Panettone
3031:Pampushka
3026:Mince pie
3001:Fruitcake
2945:RĂ©veillon
2825:NFL games
2820:NBA games
2815:In August
2785:Economics
2555:Billboard
2409:Indonesia
2352:Australia
2327:Yule goat
2302:Stockings
2236:Ornaments
1965:Père Noël
1960:Olentzero
1955:Noel Baba
1930:Ded Moroz
1886:Yule Lads
1826:Mari Lwyd
1677:Bethlehem
1554:Christmas
1361:2019 film
1356:1998 film
1334:(TV play)
1052:Gerontion
608:symbolist
585:Gerontion
562:astrology
528:, before
478:Paul Nash
435:pamphlets
391:confirmed
377:. He was
371:Unitarian
363:Gerontion
230:allusions
196:converted
173:pamphlets
125:Publisher
3301:Category
3272:meat pie
3263:Stuffing
3217:Varenyky
3086:Yule log
3061:Qurabiya
2935:Julebord
2908:Food and
2835:SantaCon
2800:El Gordo
2687:Yule Log
2459:Scotland
2372:Ethiopia
2357:Colombia
2332:Yule log
2286:Spanbaum
2263:Pyramids
2129:Crackers
2027:Sack Man
1913:folklore
1881:Yule cat
1786:Badalisc
1776:folklore
1687:Epiphany
1472:(mother)
1464:(father)
1209:The Rock
1038:Preludes
619:See also
601:narrator
589:Tiresias
513:Arnold's
473:Plaistow
450:artist,
383:Finstock
379:baptised
3207:Pierogi
3202:Hallaca
3107:Borscht
3071:Stollen
3041:Pavlova
3016:MakĂłwki
2996:Cozonac
2965:Wigilia
2850:Scrooge
2810:In July
2708:society
2640:Poetry
2474:Ukraine
2449:Romania
2414:Ireland
2404:Iceland
2399:Hungary
2387:Germany
2377:Finland
2367:England
2362:Denmark
2322:Windows
2253:Piñatas
2241:Parades
2194:Markets
2179:Letters
2169:Hampers
2012:Krampus
1851:Perchta
1791:Caganer
1405:Related
1327:(opera)
937:8 April
766:Staff.
599:). His
530:James I
187:artist
140: (
69: (
64:Written
3278:Turkey
3212:Tamale
3169:Kissel
3159:Eggnog
3116:Sauces
3102:Menudo
3081:TurrĂłn
2991:Cookie
2974:Sweets
2940:KĹ«ÄŤios
2921:Dinner
2795:Grinch
2706:modern
2673:Tomten
2632:Santa,
2615:novels
2533:Operas
2521:Carols
2489:Hawaii
2469:Sweden
2464:Serbia
2454:Russia
2444:Poland
2434:Norway
2424:Mexico
2382:France
2297:Stamps
2292:Szopka
2184:Lights
2139:Didukh
1975:Others
1925:Befana
1871:Vertep
1734:in art
1702:Joseph
1652:Advent
1434:People
1318:(film)
1293:(1941)
798:Poetry
587:, the
554:Christ
524:, the
459:Octavo
3011:Kutia
2910:drink
2538:Songs
2512:Music
2419:Italy
2275:Seals
2229:dolls
2159:Gifts
2099:Cards
2002:Elves
1866:Turoń
1836:Nisse
1801:Grýla
1697:Jesus
1254:Prose
1194:Plays
558:magic
444:Ariel
385:, in
150:Lines
114:Meter
3233:Carp
3095:Soup
2986:Cake
2897:Xmas
2526:list
2307:Tree
2246:list
1707:Mary
1616:Yule
1346:Cats
939:2014
894:and
505:magi
236:and
103:Form
71:1927
67:1927
3243:Ham
1773:In
898:in
870:in
754:sic
471:in
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