374:
281:. At the trials some defendants said they had not participated in looting and while others admitted looting, all of them however denied the charges of murder because there would have been no survivors. Mapuches further claimed all the loot had been given to Sayago's assistant, but the amounts said by the Mapuche did not match to what Sayago handed over back in Valdivia. Thus, there was a possibility that Sayago or someone in his group were involved in
62:
264:
who was commander of southern forces of the
Chilean Army, and the likely leader of a punitive expedition, called Mapuche caciques from the area near the wreck to a parliament. The Mapuche leaders that gathered showed considerable goodwill towards the Chilean interests cursing those accused of murder
229:
south of the place of the wreck. The
Mapuche of Toltén were in possession of various items from the wreck and were willing to hand back items such as paper, cloth and gold. Attempts to find the graves of the supposed survivors near the beach proved unsuccessful. In further enquiries Sayago and the
288:
In a letter attached to the trial documents José Antonio Zúñiga, a soldier active in the expedition of Sayago, described the coast of
Puancho as rocky, thus showing earlier descriptions of the site of the wreck as a beach wrong. He further put forward the thesis that murder accusations among the
424:
concluded no murder had occurred and that
Valdivian soldiers had kept part of the loot hiding this with a series of lies and misleading statements. Barros Arana praised the reaction of the central authorities and his views on the subject were later adopted by other notable historians such as
220:
Reportedly
Millaguir had visited the site of the wreck six days after the events and said to the Chileans that the survivors had been murdered and the cargo stolen. Further, surviving children and women were kidnapped and then raped and murdered. He pointed out the people of local Mapuche
234:
who assisted him learned that the "general voice" among the
Mapuche was that there had been no survivors of the wreck. This appeared to be at odds with the Chilean investigation that described the place of the wreck as a beach where the wrecked could have reached land.
251:
in charge of a military detachment north to arrest Curin and his people and bring them to justice. Cambiazo returned to
Valdivia with various Mapuche witnesses who described how survivors, including children and women, had been raped and murdered. President
468:) there is a piece of land that is not a province, its language is different, it is inhabited by other people and it can still be said that it is not part of Chile. Yes, Chile is the name of the country over where its flag waves and its laws are obeyed.
389:
The wreckage had a significant cultural impact in Chile. As the details became known in
Santiago they fueled a strong anti-Mapuche sentiment and reaffirmed prejudiced views that the Mapuches were brutal barbarians. For the first time in history the
175:
in 1849. As it wrecked in territory outside
Chilean government control, Chilean authorities struggled to elucidate the fate of possible survivors amidst inter-indigenous accusations of looting, murder and other atrocitities among local
292:
Catalina
Ayinman who Miguel José Cambiazo had previously brought to Valdivia to witness was called to witness again in Concepción. This time she claimed that her previous "declarations" had been fabrications as she would have been in
437:
changed his mind from initially denying the murders and kidnapping to agreeing that the kidnapping happened. Guarda amended his view after reading an 1863 testimony of Guillermo Cox, a traveller who said to have seen Elisa Bravo.
289:
Mapuche originated from quarrels about the loot since many groups had rapidly gathered at the wreck site. This hypothesis meant Chilean authorities would have been drawn into an inter-Mapuche conflict.
301:
from her husband and Curin who was her uncle. In subsequent arguments Catalina Ayinman openly accused Miguel José Cambiazo to have fabricated with pressure and distortion her first "declarations".
225:
Curin as responsible for these misdeeds. The Chilean state sent JoaquĂn Sayago to investigate the issue and while he failed to find Curin and his people he was able to contact the tribes of
394:
of the Mapuche "race" and culture entered the public debate in Chile. The strong anti-Mapuche sentiments that rose in Chilean society contributed years later to the decision to by Chile to
508:, the Mapuches saw the central government in Santiago as their main enemy, explaining their participation on the side of JosĂ© MarĂa de la Cruz in the ConcepciĂłn-based revolt.
433:
concludes that the murders were true, but the reliability of this source have been put into doubt as it include some fantastic elements. Valdivian historian
869:
557:
180:. The events spinning off the wreckage fueled strong anti-Mapuche sentiments in Chilean society, contributing years later to the Chilean resolution to
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854:
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405:
was particularly portrayed as a heroine in two poems by Rafael Santos in 1856. Her purported fate was soon after subject of paintings made by
894:
889:
821:
859:
217:. Chilean authorities learned about the events the first week of August when a Mapuche known as Santiago Millaguir reported the events.
802:
373:
831:
Muñoz Sougarret, Jorge (2010). "El naufragio del bergantĂn Joven Daniel, 1849. El indĂgena en el imaginario histĂłrico de Chile".
420:
was the first historian to analyse the events concluding that Sayago was innocent of theft and Cambiazo was culpable. Historian
417:
172:
261:
590:
338:
General denial among Mapuches, no person would have survived the wreck. At least one eyewitness of murder recanted.
454:
395:
305:
181:
879:
426:
168:
95:
53:
297:, far to the south at the time of the wreckage. She would have been in exile there because of accusations of
497:
849:
248:
206:
591:"Hernan Curiñir Lincoqueo, historiador mapuche: 'Sobre el Bicentenario chileno tenemos mucho que decir'"
304:
Bulnes ended up dismissing calls for a punitive expedition in view of its irrelevance to the eventual
298:
461:
274:
231:
257:
522:
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421:
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A few years later, in 1851, JosĂ© MarĂa de la Cruz received considerable Mapuche support in his
817:
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518:
406:
378:
210:
786:
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213:. More specifically it ran aground and wrecked at the rocky shore near Puancho, near
202:
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Partly recovered, the remaining possibly kept by Mapuches or Valdivian soldiers
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who was said to have survived the wreck to be then kidnapped by Mapuches.
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and Mapuches prepared for a confrontation with the Chilean Army. General
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198:
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177:
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Mapuches handed over some of the accused of looting to be tried in
171:. The ship became later known for its wreck off the coast of
479:
After his service in Valdivia, Cambiazo was transferred to
52:
Acquired by the Chilean Navy to serve as transport in the
315:
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that entered service in 1838 serving as transport in
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205:when it wrecked at the coast between the mouths of
816:(in Spanish) (2nd ed.). Editorial Antártica.
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614:
612:
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608:
429:and Ricardo Ferrando. Using an indigenous source
679:
677:
675:
330:Differing descriptions as beach or rocky shore
396:invade their hithereto independent territories
182:invade their hithereto independent territories
312:Summary of investigations regarding the wreck
8:
791:Historia del pueblo mapuche: Siglos XIX y XX
768:
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197:In 1849 the ship was travelling between
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346:Said to exist by some, but not found
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7:
354:Some Mapuche admitted culpability
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870:Maritime incidents in August 1849
167:' expedition to Peru during the
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865:Maritime incidents in July 1849
855:Brigantines of the Chilean Navy
812:Ferrando Kaun, Ricardo (1986).
460:Between two Chilean provinces (
357:
349:
341:
333:
325:
16:Chilean naval ship (1838–1849)
1:
875:Shipwrecks in the Chilean Sea
793:(in Spanish) (7th ed.).
895:1849 crimes in South America
890:19th-century crimes in Chile
517:Also a former member of the
239:New witnesses and parliament
885:History of AraucanĂa Region
860:Maritime incidents in Chile
911:
835:(in Spanish) (1): 133–148.
814:Y asĂ naciĂł La Frontera...
620:Ferrando 1986, pp. 395–396
455:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
412:
256:' opposition called for a
683:Bengoa 2000, pp. 163–165.
504:. According to historian
401:A passenger of the ship,
321:
318:
113:
105:Wrecked off the coast of
25:
21:
500:newly elected President
427:Francisco Antonio Encina
418:BenjamĂn Vicuña Mackenna
169:War of the Confederation
96:War of the Confederation
54:War of the Confederation
114:General characteristics
470:
413:Historian's assessment
386:
188:Wreckage and aftermath
458:
383:Elisa Bravo Jaramillo
376:
306:conquest of AraucanĂa
262:JosĂ© MarĂa de la Cruz
249:Miguel José Cambiazo
772:Muñoz 2010, p. 144.
760:Muñoz 2010, p. 143.
748:Muñoz 2010, p. 142.
732:Muñoz 2010, p. 141.
723:Muñoz 2010, p. 140.
705:Muñoz 2010, p. 139.
669:Muñoz 2010, p. 138.
660:Muñoz 2010, p. 137.
636:Muñoz 2010, p. 136.
589:(August 14, 2008),
483:where he initiated
258:punitive expedition
232:capitanes de amigos
523:Pincheira brothers
422:Diego Barros Arana
387:
823:978-956-7019-83-0
601:on March 17, 2013
407:Raymond Monvoisin
379:Raymond Monvoisin
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243:The intendant of
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833:Tiempo HistĂłrico
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498:bid to overthrow
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299:Kalku Witchcraft
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566:Armada de Chile
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369:Cultural impact
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435:Gabriel Guarda
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132:180 gross tons
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850:1849 in Chile
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804:956-282-232-X
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795:LOM Ediciones
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359:Fate of loot
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254:Manuel Bulnes
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193:First reports
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165:Manuel Bulnes
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787:Bengoa, José
780:Bibliography
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665:
599:the original
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570:. Retrieved
568:(in Spanish)
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560:Joven Daniel
559:
513:
502:Manuel Montt
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481:Punta Arenas
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388:
377:Painting by
311:
303:
291:
287:
283:embezzlement
272:
242:
219:
211:Toltén River
196:
161:Chilean Navy
152:Joven Daniel
151:
150:
148:
84:Joven Daniel
83:
72:Commissioned
41:Commissioned
34:
558:"BergantĂn
519:outlaw gang
506:José Bengoa
431:José Bengoa
403:Elisa Bravo
392:destruction
322:Conclusion
265:and theft.
90:Honours and
844:Categories
572:2020-03-19
533:References
462:ConcepciĂłn
275:ConcepciĂłn
203:ValparaĂso
157:brigantine
123:Brigantine
215:Budi Lake
173:AraucanĂa
140:Built in
107:Budi Lake
35:Soverence
789:(2000).
485:a mutiny
466:Valdivia
457:stated:
381:showing
351:Looting
279:Valdivia
245:Valdivia
207:Imperial
199:Valdivia
521:of the
343:Graves
335:Murder
223:cacique
178:Mapuche
159:of the
129:Tonnage
80:Renamed
26:History
820:
801:
319:Issue
295:MehuĂn
269:Trials
227:Toltén
155:was a
109:, 1849
92:awards
442:Notes
247:sent
137:Notes
66:Chile
818:ISBN
799:ISBN
464:and
277:and
209:and
201:and
142:Linn
119:Type
102:Fate
75:1838
49:Fate
44:1831
31:Name
846::
797:.
765:^
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541:^
409:.
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308:.
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184:.
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525:.
487:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
