1362:
260:
719:
696:, and nearly one-third of the police dog bites are inflicted on teenage men, most of whom are Black. Medical researchers found that police dog attacks are "more like shark attacks than nips from a family pet" due to the aggressive training police dogs undergo. Many people bitten were not violent and were not suspected of crimes. Police officers are often shielded from liability, and federal civil rights laws don't typically cover bystanders who are bitten by mistake. Even when victims can bring cases, lawyers say they struggle because jurors tend to love police dogs.
464:
academy training and one to two years of patrol experience before becoming eligible to transfer to a specialty canine unit. This is because the experience as an officer allows prospective canine officers to gain valuable experience in law enforcement. However, having dog knowledge and training outside of the police academy is considered to be an asset, this could be dog obedience, crowd control, communicating effectively with animals and being approachable and personable since having a dog will draw attention from surrounding citizens.
365:
49:
73:
626:
537:
733:
244:
2333:
2343:
468:
in Europe are usually given commands in the country's native language. Dogs are initially trained with this language for basic behavior, so, it is easier for the officer to learn new words/commands, rather than retraining the dog to new commands. This is contrary to the popular belief that police dogs are trained in a different language so that a suspect cannot command the dog against the officer.
61:
480:. Dogs can only be trained for one or the other because the dog cannot communicate to the officer if it found explosives or narcotics. When a narcotics dog in the United States indicates to the officer that it found something, the officer has probable cause to search whatever the dog alerted on (i.e. bag or vehicle) without a warrant, in most states.
467:
For a dog to be considered for a police department, it must first pass a basic obedience training course. They must be able to obey the commands of their handler without hesitation. This allows the officer to have complete control over how much force the dog should use against a suspect. Dogs trained
305:
to track the killer. He soon had two bloodhounds trained for the performance of a simple tracking test from the scene of another of the killer's crimes. The results were far from satisfactory, with one of the hounds biting the
Commissioner and both dogs later running off, requiring a police search to
162:
level for law enforcement purposes in many parts of the world. They are often assigned to what in some nations is referred to as a K-9 Unit, with a specific handler, and must remember several verbal cues and hand gestures. Initial training for a police dog typically takes between eight months and a
471:
Dogs used in law enforcement are trained to either be "single purpose" or "dual purpose". Single-purpose dogs are used primarily for backup, personal protection, and tracking. Dual-purpose dogs, however, are more typical. Dual-purpose dogs do everything that single-purpose dogs do, and also detect
463:
Training of police dogs is a very lengthy process since it begins with the training of the canine handler. The canine handlers go through a long process of training to ensure that they will train the dog to the best of its ability. First, the canine handler has to complete the requisite police
163:
year, depending on where and how they are trained, and for what purpose. Police dogs often regularly take training programs with their assigned handler to reinforce their training. In many countries, intentionally injuring or killing a police dog is a criminal offense.
235:, struggled to contain the crime on their own, and as a result, private associations were formed to help combat crime. Night watchmen were employed to guard premises, and were provided with firearms and dogs to protect themselves from criminals.
151:. In recent years, the Belgian Malinois has become the leading choice for police and military work due to their intense drive, focus, agility, and smaller size, though German Shepherds remain the breed most associated with law enforcement.
687:
and disproportionately against people of color. A series of 13 linked reports found more than 150 cases from 2015 to 2020 of K-9 officers improperly using dogs as weapons to catch, bite, and injure people. The rate of police K-9 bites in
598:, or are too old or sick to continue working. Since many dogs are raised in working environments for the first year of their life and retired before they become unable to perform, the working life of a dog is 6–9 years.
516:
Dual purpose dog – Also known as a patrol dog, these dogs are trained and skilled in tracking, handler protection, off-leash obedience, criminal apprehension, and article, area and building search.
609:
was introduced, wherein the police force offered ÂŁ805 over the span of three years to cover any additional medical costs; the dogs were also allowed to be adopted by their original handler.
522:(SAR) – This dog is used to locate suspects or find missing people or objects. Belgian Malinois, German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, and Bloodhounds can all be used.
601:
However, when police dogs retire in some countries they may have the chance to receive a pension plan for their contribution to policing. In 2013, a pension scheme for police dogs in
1847:
636:
547:
1117:
333:; in the latter the first scientific developments in the field took place with experiments in dog breeding and training. The German police selected the
1329:
1256:
513:
or drugs such as marijuana, heroin, cocaine, crack cocaine, or methamphetamines. Some dogs are specifically trained to detect firearms and ammunition.
1440:
259:
1565:
345:
1486:
1061:
1310:
950:
341:
dogs were added to the unit. The dogs were systematically trained in obedience to their officers and tracking and attacking criminals.
272:
1091:
1287:
666:
577:
2377:
1974:
705:
1384:
1187:"Dogs of all nations : Mason, Walter Esplin, 1867– : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive"
718:
337:
as the ideal breed for police work and opened up the first dog training school in 1920 in
Greenheide. In later years, many
865:
264:
2193:
1077:
999:
39:
483:
In suspect apprehension, having a loud barking dog is helpful and can result in suspects surrendering without delay.
1161:
1121:
2064:
1905:
1842:
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1414:
1021:
437:
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1474:
1147:
453:
2308:
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1895:
1827:
1336:
1053:
104:
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942:
612:
In many countries, police dogs killed in the line of duty receive the same honors as their human partners.
2313:
2054:
1627:
689:
684:
519:
2161:
1413:
VanSickle, Abbie; Stephens, Challen; Martin, Ryan; Kelleher, Dana
Brozost; Fan, Andrew (2 October 2020).
972:
836:
2372:
2099:
2059:
2019:
1981:
1868:
1551:
276:
810:
364:
692:, a majority-Black city of 220,000 residents, averages more than double that of the next-ranked city,
2367:
2219:
1888:
1883:
1143:
814:
409:
393:
325:
that introduced the first organized police dog service program in 1899. These methods soon spread to
590:
Police dogs are retired if they become injured to an extent where they will not recover completely,
2254:
2244:
1590:
1478:
334:
287:
48:
2342:
1231:
1186:
2249:
2214:
2146:
1822:
920:
473:
445:
353:
349:
310:
291:
248:
232:
148:
1522:
352:. By 1910, railway police forces were experimenting with other breeds such as Belgian Malinois,
348:
Police were among the first to use police dogs in 1908 to put a stop to theft from the docks in
2234:
2116:
2009:
1649:
1482:
1057:
429:
425:
317:
began using dogs against roaming criminal gangs at night, but it was the police department in
72:
2272:
2111:
2031:
1780:
1739:
1595:
680:
441:
373:
338:
181:
159:
1991:
1526:
1095:
1050:
The First
English Detectives. The Bow Street Runners and the Policing of London, 1750–1840
751:
648:
602:
559:
433:
381:
326:
298:
252:
227:
and France in the 19th century increased public concern regarding growing lawlessness. In
132:
65:
301:
had earned him much vilification from the press, including being denounced for not using
785:
2277:
1863:
1837:
457:
268:
144:
116:
80:
2361:
2336:
2318:
2282:
2239:
2189:
1939:
1934:
746:
506:
401:
295:
217:
1005:
a figurative use of a word that dates back to late 14c. meaning a kind of bloodhound
243:
2264:
2204:
2106:
2084:
2014:
2001:
1944:
1924:
1804:
1763:
1666:
1612:
693:
389:
385:
283:
136:
53:
1205:
216:) was derived from this. Between the 12th and 20th centuries, police dogs on the
2346:
2199:
2171:
2151:
2121:
2094:
2079:
2069:
1900:
1878:
1698:
1639:
1617:
1311:"Meet K9 Iggy, the Orange County Sheriff's Department's first gun-detecting dog"
761:
732:
724:
496:
421:
405:
377:
177:
120:
60:
2181:
2156:
1914:
1720:
1605:
994:
869:
738:
714:
449:
417:
397:
302:
193:
185:
155:
140:
124:
916:
2141:
1964:
1949:
1929:
1873:
1814:
1749:
1708:
1686:
1671:
1632:
853:
German
Shepherd Dog. The typical breed associated with law enforcement work.
510:
213:
128:
112:
32:
882:
They are expected to follow both verbal and hand commands of their handler.
1288:"Longtime Westminster police officer, K9 decoy gets new partner — finally"
943:"Police dogs and horses to receive special protections in South Australia"
192:. The first recorded use of police dogs were in the early 14th century in
2229:
2224:
2209:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2089:
2074:
1986:
1959:
1744:
1713:
1582:
868:. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Archived from
756:
591:
477:
220:
and
European continent were primarily used for their tracking abilities.
209:
180:. Wealth and money was then tithed in the villages for the upkeep of the
17:
2024:
1954:
1919:
1832:
1792:
1758:
1734:
1725:
1681:
1661:
1654:
1600:
1026:
606:
330:
322:
224:
683:
found evidence of widespread deployment of police dogs in the U.S. as
1797:
1703:
1676:
1622:
1538:
500:
413:
282:
One of the first attempts to use dogs in policing was in 1889 by the
228:
197:
189:
100:
894:
1441:"We Spent A Year Investigating Police Dogs. Here Are Six Takeaways"
1785:
1775:
1770:
1693:
595:
363:
318:
314:
258:
242:
71:
59:
47:
294:. Warren's repeated failures at identifying and apprehending the
205:
201:
108:
1547:
1644:
1574:
619:
530:
96:
77:
1532:
491:
Police dogs can be specialized to perform in specific areas.
1162:"How to Become a K9 Officer: Career and Salary Information"
1509:
1514:
1543:
1503:
1363:"English police force sets up retirement plan for dogs"
917:"18 USC 1368 – Harming Animals Used in Law Enforcement"
897:. AMSOIL Northland Law Enforcement K-9 Foundation. 2021
644:
555:
372:
Popular dog breeds used by law enforcement include the
212:, known as "Slough dogs" – the word "Sleuth", (meaning
313:
that dogs were first used on a large scale. Police in
1519:
208:. By the late 14th century, bloodhounds were used in
1257:"The K9 Unit | Police Dogs and How They are Trained"
123:
evidence, protecting officers and other people, and
2296:
2263:
2180:
2045:
2000:
1856:
1813:
1581:
176:Dogs have been used in law enforcement since the
975:. Central Falls, Rhode Island Police Department
1515:The North American Police Work Dog Association
995:"sleuth (n.) – Etymology, Origin, and Meaning"
616:Accusations of brutality and racial partiality
131:most commonly used by law enforcement are the
1559:
1394:. National Sheriffs' Association. 22 May 2014
633:The examples and perspective in this section
544:The examples and perspective in this section
8:
1520:Los Angeles County Police Canine Association
56:police dog during a demonstration in England
1566:
1552:
1544:
1385:"K-9 Burial Protocol "The Rocky Protocol""
651:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
562:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
667:Learn how and when to remove this message
578:Learn how and when to remove this message
107:. Their duties may include searching for
1080:. Atchison Daily Globe. 17 October 1888.
679:A 2020 investigation coordinated by the
368:Belgian Malinois being trained to attack
27:Dog trained and used for law enforcement
1510:United States Police Canine Association
777:
251:to try to track down the serial killer
866:"K9 Unit: Duties and Responsibilities"
837:"What Breeds Make the Best drugs Dogs"
1286:Peralta, Jessica (27 November 2019).
1015:
1013:
7:
1415:"When Police Violence Is a Dog Bite"
231:, the existing law enforcement, the
951:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
273:German federal election, March 1933
1533:Virginia Police Canine Association
1504:National Police Canine Association
1335:. K-9 Cop Magazine. Archived from
1309:Hardesty, Greg (5 February 2020).
1263:. 8 September 2016. Archived from
25:
1471:K9 Cops: Police Dogs of the World
1439:Remkus, Ashley (2 October 2020).
798:K-9 or K9 (a homophone of canine)
2341:
2332:
2331:
1539:American Working Dog Association
788:. National Police Dog Foundation
731:
717:
624:
535:
503:, and sometimes subdue suspects.
200:, where dogs were used to guard
188:that were used for hunting down
1204:Grabianowski, Ed (3 May 2004).
1166:Criminal Justice Degree Schools
706:Worldwide usage of police dogs
499:– This dog is used to locate,
1:
1290:. Behind the Badge Foundation
1022:"Police Dogs: Just the Facts"
811:"What Do K-9 Police Dogs Do?"
1020:Peña, Melvin (1 July 2014).
127:who flee from officers. The
2194:List of longest-living dogs
1118:"History of the Police Dog"
1092:"The Origins of Police K-9"
1000:Online Etymology Dictionary
700:Usage by country and region
647:, discuss the issue on the
558:, discuss the issue on the
40:Police dog (disambiguation)
2394:
2167:Origin of the domestic dog
2065:Breed-specific legislation
1906:Psychiatric assistance dog
1367:Pensions & Investments
1078:"Casebook:Jack The Ripper"
703:
438:German Shorthaired Pointer
263:German shepherd in use by
223:The rapid urbanization of
154:Police dogs are used on a
99:that is trained to assist
29:
2327:
1525:24 September 2013 at the
1232:"Police dog training 101"
1148:British Transport Police
454:English Springer Spaniel
356:, and German shepherds.
105:law enforcement officers
31:Not to be confused with
2378:Law enforcement animals
2309:List of individual dogs
2304:Domesticated silver fox
1896:Mobility assistance dog
1469:Allsopp, Nigel (2012).
1054:Oxford University Press
1048:Beattie, J. M. (2012).
841:3DK9 Detection Services
2314:List of fictional dogs
1628:Livestock guardian dog
1330:"Proactive Deterrence"
1206:"How Police Dogs Work"
690:Baton Rouge, Louisiana
685:disproportionate force
520:Search and rescue dogs
369:
279:
256:
84:
69:
57:
1982:Search and rescue dog
1361:Olsen, Kevin (2013).
367:
346:North Eastern Railway
277:Nazi seizure of power
271:auxiliary during the
262:
246:
75:
63:
51:
2037:Dog–cat relationship
1884:Medical response dog
1479:Simon & Schuster
1445:The Marshall Project
1419:The Marshall Project
815:American Kennel Club
645:improve this section
635:may not represent a
556:improve this section
546:may not represent a
509:– Trained to detect
410:Bouvier des Flandres
394:Bernese Mountain Dog
275:, shortly after the
247:Bloodhounds used by
38:For other uses, see
1828:List of crossbreeds
1591:African village dog
1098:on 18 February 2013
931:– via OneCLE.
354:Labrador Retrievers
335:German Shepherd Dog
288:Metropolitan Police
1315:behindthebadge.com
921:United States Code
817:. 3 September 2021
446:Labrador Retriever
370:
311:Continental Europe
292:Sir Charles Warren
280:
257:
249:Sir Charles Warren
233:Bow Street Runners
149:Labrador Retriever
125:attacking suspects
91:, also known as a
85:
70:
58:
2355:
2354:
2235:Rabies in animals
2162:Human–canine bond
1740:Bull-type terrier
1488:978-1-921-94181-8
1144:"The Dog Section"
1063:978-0-19-969516-4
973:"Police K-9 Unit"
923:. 26 October 2015
843:. 28 October 2020
677:
676:
669:
588:
587:
580:
495:Apprehension and
430:Doberman Pinscher
426:Croatian Sheepdog
16:(Redirected from
2385:
2345:
2335:
2334:
2112:Dogs in religion
1975:usage by country
1596:Free-ranging dog
1568:
1561:
1554:
1545:
1492:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1392:www.sheriffs.org
1389:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1358:
1352:
1351:
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1347:
1341:
1334:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1267:on 27 March 2019
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1191:Internet Archive
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1120:. Archived from
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1094:. Archived from
1088:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1017:
1008:
1007:
991:
985:
984:
982:
980:
969:
963:
962:
960:
958:
953:. 26 August 2013
939:
933:
932:
930:
928:
913:
907:
906:
904:
902:
891:
885:
884:
879:
877:
872:on 3 August 2017
862:
856:
855:
850:
848:
833:
827:
826:
824:
822:
807:
801:
800:
795:
793:
782:
741:
736:
735:
727:
722:
721:
681:Marshall Project
672:
665:
661:
658:
652:
628:
627:
620:
583:
576:
572:
569:
563:
539:
538:
531:
442:Golden Retriever
374:Airedale terrier
344:In Britain, the
339:Belgian Malinois
182:parish constable
137:Belgian Malinois
54:Belgian Malinois
43:
36:
21:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2323:
2292:
2259:
2176:
2047:
2041:
1996:
1852:
1833:Mixed-breed dog
1809:
1577:
1572:
1527:Wayback Machine
1500:
1495:
1489:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1438:
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1433:
1423:
1421:
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1407:
1397:
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1322:
1308:
1307:
1303:
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1291:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1261:SoundOff Signal
1255:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1210:How Stuff Works
1203:
1202:
1198:
1185:
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1180:
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1168:
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1111:
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976:
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936:
926:
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914:
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898:
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888:
875:
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835:
834:
830:
820:
818:
809:
808:
804:
791:
789:
784:
783:
779:
775:
770:
752:Dogs in warfare
737:
730:
723:
716:
713:
708:
702:
673:
662:
656:
653:
642:
629:
625:
618:
603:Nottinghamshire
584:
573:
567:
564:
553:
540:
536:
529:
489:
434:German Shepherd
362:
327:Austria-Hungary
299:Jack the Ripper
253:Jack The Ripper
241:
174:
169:
133:German Shepherd
66:military police
44:
37:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2316:
2311:
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2300:
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2285:
2280:
2278:Crate training
2275:
2269:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2250:Skin disorders
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2186:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2164:
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2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
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2102:
2097:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2055:Animal testing
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2049:
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2042:
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2039:
2034:
2029:
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2027:
2022:
2017:
2006:
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1998:
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1989:
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1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
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1937:
1932:
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1917:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1898:
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1892:
1891:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1864:Assistance dog
1860:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1843:Extinct breeds
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1823:List of breeds
1819:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1802:
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1800:
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1788:
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1945:Fighting dog
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1848:Most popular
1805:Turnspit dog
1613:Hairless dog
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786:"About K-9s"
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2070:Cynanthropy
2048:interaction
1901:Therapy dog
1889:Seizure dog
1879:Hearing dog
1640:Hunting dog
1618:Herding dog
1462:Works cited
1450:20 February
1424:20 February
1236:sitstay.com
1128:17 December
1102:17 December
957:25 February
762:Working dog
725:Dogs portal
594:or raising
497:attack dogs
422:Bullmastiff
382:Groenendael
306:find them.
303:bloodhounds
290:of London,
186:bloodhounds
178:Middle Ages
121:crime scene
115:, locating
2362:Categories
2147:Dog sports
1970:Police dog
1915:Attack dog
1869:Autism dog
1838:Crossbreed
1721:Sighthound
1699:Scenthound
1606:Street dog
1241:2 November
773:References
768:References
739:Law portal
657:April 2023
527:Retirement
511:explosives
474:explosives
450:Rottweiler
418:Cane Corso
398:Bloodhound
309:It was in
239:Modern era
141:Bloodhound
119:, finding
113:explosives
103:and other
89:police dog
83:police dog
2142:Dog theft
2046:Human–dog
1965:Mercy dog
1950:Guard dog
1930:Catch dog
1874:Guide dog
1750:Schnauzer
1709:Coonhound
1687:Water dog
1672:Retriever
1633:Sheep dog
1230:SitStay.
649:talk page
560:talk page
501:apprehend
478:narcotics
386:Tervueren
214:detective
33:Guard dog
2337:Category
2265:Training
2225:Dog food
2220:Diseases
2205:Breeding
2137:Dog show
2132:Dog park
2127:Dog meat
2090:Dog food
2075:Dog bite
2002:Behavior
1987:Sled dog
1960:Meat dog
1745:Pinscher
1714:Foxhound
1523:Archived
1373:(24): 8.
1171:16 April
947:ABC News
757:Nosework
711:See also
643:You may
592:pregnant
554:You may
360:Training
210:Scotland
194:St. Malo
18:K-9 Unit
2297:Related
2273:Clicker
2200:Anatomy
2172:Therapy
2060:Baiting
2025:Howling
2015:Barking
1992:War dog
1955:Lap dog
1920:Bay dog
1793:Toy dog
1764:Bulldog
1759:Mastiff
1735:Terrier
1726:Longdog
1682:Spaniel
1667:Pointer
1662:Gun dog
1655:Lurcher
1601:Pye-dog
1475:Newport
1193:. 1915.
1027:Dogster
607:England
596:puppies
472:either
331:Germany
323:Belgium
286:of the
225:England
190:outlaws
167:History
156:federal
95:, is a
2347:Portal
2182:Health
1815:Breeds
1798:Bichon
1704:Basset
1677:Setter
1623:Collie
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1398:16 May
1294:11 May
1271:10 May
1215:10 May
1060:
1033:26 May
979:26 May
927:26 May
901:22 May
895:"FAQs"
876:22 May
847:3 June
821:22 May
792:22 May
414:Briard
229:London
198:France
147:, and
129:breeds
101:police
2190:Aging
1857:Roles
1786:Tugou
1781:Laika
1776:Husky
1771:Spitz
1694:Hound
1650:Feist
1583:Types
1388:(PDF)
1346:2 May
1340:(PDF)
1333:(PDF)
406:Boxer
378:Akita
319:Ghent
315:Paris
206:piers
202:docks
160:local
109:drugs
2230:Odor
2210:Coat
1575:Dogs
1506:(US)
1483:ISBN
1452:2023
1426:2023
1400:2017
1348:2013
1296:2022
1273:2017
1243:2018
1217:2017
1173:2019
1130:2012
1104:2012
1058:ISBN
1035:2022
981:2022
959:2018
929:2022
903:2022
878:2022
849:2022
823:2022
794:2022
452:and
350:Hull
329:and
204:and
158:and
111:and
1645:Cur
476:or
184:'s
97:dog
93:K-9
78:FBI
76:An
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