337:
was nearly deaf and had limited knowledge of Arabic, while the second 100 words were provided by the main informant, who may have mixed
Kujarke with Daju and Fur. Part of the interview had also been done in Fur with the help of Doornbos' Fur research assistant. The two disagreed over the Kujarke elicitations, leading Doornbos to doubt the accuracy of the list. Doornbos also speculates that in 1981, Kujarke may have already been a dying language with few speakers left, although their population may have exceeded 1,000 people in 1981.
704:
340:
The father and son had also disagreed about the origins of the
Kujarke people. According to the son, the Kujarke had originally lived in the mountain ranges to east of the Wadi Azum, namely the Jebel Kulli, Jebel Toya, Jebel Kunjaro, Jebel Turabu, Jebel Oromba, and Jebel Kire. Later, they were forced
336:
In 1981, Dutch anthropologist Paul
Doornbos had spent 4-5 hours eliciting a basic vocabulary list of Kujarke from a father and son (Arbab Yahia Basi, born Ndundra, who was 35 years old in 1981) in Ro Fatá, near Foro Boranga, Darfur. The first 100 words were elicited from the informant's father, who
259:
The speakers were reported to live mainly by hunting and gathering due to the climate, terrain, and unstable seasonal water supply of the Dar
Fongoro area being inhospitable for intensive agriculture and animal husbandry. Honey was one of their main foods obtained through foraging.
364:. The first time the Kujarke had been mentioned in over 25 years was when French anthropologist Jerome Tubiana had interviewed a Daju village chief in Tiero. The chief of Tiero mentioned that a Kujarke village had been burned to the ground by the
267:. They are surrounded by the Daju-Galfigé to the west, the Sinyar to the north, and the Fur-Dalinga, Fongoro, Formono, and Runga to the east and south. Historically, they had been ruled by the Daju sultans, and may have been slaves of the Daju.
320:
In addition, there appears to be a large amount of vocabulary that has not been identified as Afro-Asiatic; there is a possibility that it is a language isolate that has been largely relexified by Chadic and
Cushitic.
403:
The
Kujarke are not Muslims and practice a secret religion that is yet unrecorded, as the Kujarke would lead visitors to a perimeter outside their village whenever they needed to perform their prayers.
356:
regions of eastern Chad. However, the
Kujarke have not been recorded as a separate group by any government or foreign aid organization. As a result, Kujarke may have been passing themselves off as
783:
919:
400:
was the name of one of the 18 Sinyar clans. The Kijaar clan was located closer to the core
Kujarke area of Jebel Mirra than all of the other Sinyar clans.
845:
1311:
831:
317:, a nearby Mubi language which is also called Kujarge; when Newman was shown the 200-word list in 2006, he would not commit to it being Chadic.
341:
to migrate to Chad during the time of the Fur sultans. However, the father claimed that the original
Kujarke homeland had only been in Chad.
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138:
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words, but low numerals and pronouns look very un-Chadic. Blench (2008) notes that much of the basic vocabulary looks
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1024:
864:
Blažek, Václav. 2013. Kujarge wordlist with Chadic (Afroasiatic) cognates. In: Henry
Tourneux (ed.),
325:
815:
Harald Hammarström, 2010, 'The status of the least documented language families in the world'. In
779:
429:
424:
291:
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1019:
876:
830:
Roger Blench, 2008. 'Links between Cushitic, Omotic, Chadic and the position of Kujarge'. (ms)
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735:. (Unpublished 1981 field notes of Paul Doornbos transcribed by Paul Whitehouse in 2005)
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argued that its classification remained uncertain. There may have been a mix-up with
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Also, Lebeuf (1959) reports that the Daju Nyala refer to the Darfur Birgid as
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people. Nothing else is known about the current state of the Kujarke people.
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248:, "sorcerer"), due to the Kujarke's reputation for practicing
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216:. It is estimated to have about 1,000 speakers (as of 1983).
584:(unless the prenasalized stops are to be seen as clusters.)
155:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
348:, most Kujarke may now be living in refugee camps in the
580:
are attested; they appear to all involve r+consonant or
368:
in 2007 during an ethnic cleansing campaign against the
16:
Unclassified language of eastern Chad and western Sudan
843:'Cushitic, Omotic, Chadic and the position of Kujarge'
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men may have also intermarried with Kujarke women, as
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peoples. Although the Kujarke were mostly endogamous,
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The language had been classified as a member of the
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854:Workshop « Language Isolates in Africa »
324:Blažek (2013) purports to show that Kujarge is an
282:Kujarge is unclassified. It is known only from a
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204:), and in villages scattered along the lower
8:
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729:Doornbos, Paul; Paul Whitehouse (ed). 2005.
619:"you (sg.)". Interrogative pronouns include
591:used in transcribing the same wordlist are:
595:. It is not clear whether all of these are
412:Judging by the one available wordlist, the
1098:
939:
920:
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784:"On the position of Kujarke within Chadic"
599:distinct; and , in particular, are rare.
418:
18:
817:Language Documentation & Conservation
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809:
380:The Kujarke lived in proximity with the
681:
169:is spoken in seven villages in eastern
149:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
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685:
7:
841:Roger Blench and Mauro Tosco, 2010.
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263:The Kujarge refer to themselves as
286:by Doornbos (1981). These include
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1312:Unclassified languages of Africa
866:Topics in Chadic Linguistics VII
702:
1:
883:", in ed. M. Lionel Bender,
244:
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890:, African Studies Center,
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892:Michigan State University
868:, Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.
135:
871:Doornbos, Paul & M.
332:Documentation and status
875:. 1983. "Languages of
232:) is derived from the
137:This article contains
1124:Jonkor (Bourmataguil)
929:East Chadic languages
886:Nilo-Saharan Language
326:East Chadic language
732:Kujarge field notes
188: /
1317:Cushitic languages
1302:Languages of Sudan
848:2012-03-31 at the
578:consonant clusters
173:near Jebel Mirra (
60:(1,000 cited 1983)
1307:Languages of Chad
1284:
1283:
1274:extinct languages
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746:"Kujarge in Chad"
700:(27th ed., 2024)
669:Kujarge word list
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265:Kujartenin Debiya
208:and Wadi Azum in
192:11.750°N 22.250°E
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145:rendering support
141:phonetic symbols.
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278:Classification
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228:(also spelled
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197:11.750; 22.250
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147:, you may see
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311:Lionel Bender
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284:200-word list
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1276:. See also:
1269:
1253:
1220:Barain (B.4)
1184:Sokoro (B.3)
1153:Mubi (B.1.2)
884:
865:
853:
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755:27 September
753:. Retrieved
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671:(Wiktionary)
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597:phonemically
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483:Prenasalised
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376:Ethnic group
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301:subgroup of
296:
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76:unclassified
1065:Kwang (A.3)
523:Continuants
344:Due to the
309:; however,
307:Paul Newman
303:East Chadic
195: /
151:instead of
40:Jebel Mirra
1291:Categories
697:Ethnologue
676:References
582:gemination
505:Fricatives
466:Implosives
414:consonants
252:among the
250:witchcraft
220:Background
206:Wadi Salih
1272:indicate
1119:Dangaléat
800:0015-5675
642:include:
623:"what?",
408:Phonology
366:Janjaweed
350:Goz Beïda
224:The name
110:Glottolog
94:ISO 639-3
45:Ethnicity
1175:Zirenkel
846:Archived
782:(2015).
663:See also
635:"this".
631:include
627:"who?".
611:include
609:pronouns
486:plosives
447:Plosives
430:Alveolar
425:Bilabial
354:Dar Sila
292:Cushitic
157:Help:IPA
117:kuja1239
1270:Italics
1254:Kujargé
1248:Mokilko
1232:Jelkung
1165:Masmaje
1160:Kajakse
1134:Migaama
1056:Tobanga
1046:Kabalai
1030:Nancere
888:Studies
856:, Lyons
692:Kujargé
640:numbers
603:Grammar
435:Palatal
272:Kajargé
230:Kujarke
226:Kujargé
183:22°15′E
180:11°45′N
153:Unicode
130:Kujarge
49:Kujarke
22:Kujargé
1241:Others
1227:Barein
1201:Sokoro
1129:Mabire
1114:Birgit
1109:Bidiyo
994:Gadang
960:Somrai
881:Darfur
798:
621:ŋgayna
589:vowels
560:Trills
541:Nasals
398:Kijaar
394:Sinyar
388:, and
382:Sinyar
315:Birgit
288:Chadic
210:Darfur
37:Region
1250:(B.2)
1206:Tamki
1144:Toram
1139:Mogum
1077:Kwang
1020:Kimré
1004:Sarua
999:Miltu
972:Motun
969:Mawer
965:Tumak
877:Wadai
652:kurro
647:kirre
615:"I",
440:Velar
245:kujur
236:word
214:Sudan
1196:Saba
1191:Mawa
1170:Mubi
1081:Buso
1072:Kera
1025:Lele
989:Boor
955:Ndam
950:Mire
796:ISSN
757:2019
638:The
617:nigi
613:annu
607:The
587:The
460:k ɡ
454:t d
386:Daju
370:Daju
358:Daju
352:and
299:Mubi
239:كجور
171:Chad
165:The
31:Chad
1211:Ubi
694:at
657:ubo
633:agu
499:ᵑɡ
496:ᶮɟ
493:ⁿd
490:ᵐb
390:Fur
362:Fur
360:or
305:by
139:IPA
125:ELP
101:vkj
1293::
852:,
808:^
794:.
792:52
790:.
786:.
765:^
748:.
712:^
684:^
625:ye
566:r
554:ŋ
551:ɲ
548:n
545:m
533:j
530:l
527:w
515:ʃ
512:s
509:f
473:ɗ
470:ɓ
457:ɟ
451:b
384:,
328:.
274:.
256:.
212:,
921:e
914:t
907:v
894:.
879:-
802:.
759:.
242:(
159:.
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