1884:
211:
1830:
1788:
1760:
747:. According to Majumdar's theory, the temple was built in c. 436 CE when Bandhuvarman ruled as a sovereign, and was repaired in c. 473 CE during the reign of Kumaragupta II. Bandhuvarman's grandfather Naravarman and his father Vishvavarman seem to have been independent rulers, because none of the three inscriptions issued during their reigns refer to a Gupta overlord. Therefore, according to Majumdar, irrespective of who the "Kumaragupta" mentioned in the Mandsaur inscription is, the Dashapura area seems to have been annexed to the Gupta empire sometime after this inscription was issued, that is, during c. 424-473 CE. Majumdar theorizes that the Dashapura region was annexed to the Gupta empire during the reign of Kumaragupta I, either through military conquest or diplomacy.
916:
706:
1729:
2030:
784:
1308:
1683:
1930:
1657:
1102:
1908:
1300:
1272:
204:
1113:
46:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
810:
497:
799:
508:
502:
486:
805:
492:
210:
657:-inscribed coins have been discovered in the Ganges valley. This suggests that he was able to maintain control over the vast territory that he inherited. Thus, even if his reign was militarily uneventful, he must have been a strong ruler for being able to maintain a stable government in a large empire, as indicated by epigraphic and numismatic evidence.
1245:
However, it cannot be said with certainty that
Kumaragupta faced trouble during his last years. For example, it is possible that the drafter of the Man Kuwar inscription used a wrong title simply because of carelessness or ignorance. Thus, it is possible that the troubles referred to in the Bhitari
1645:
At least 18 inscriptions from
Kumaragupta's reign are available. All of these inscriptions were issued by private individuals rather than the Gupta royals, and most of them aim to record religious matters. Nevertheless, they provide valuable historical information, such as a genealogy of the Gupta
1262:
According to one theory, Kumaragupta's sons
Skandagupta and Purugupta may have been involved in a succession dispute. Another possibility is that Purugupta - the son of the chief queen - was a minor at the time of Kumaragupta I's death, because of which Skandagupta - the son of a junior queen -
1180:
read the dates on some of
Kumaragupta's coins as c. 455 CE (years 134 and 135 of the Gupta era), based on which modern scholars theorize that Kumaragupta ruled until 455 CE. However, numismatist P. L. Gupta has disputed Smith's reading, and has dated the end of Kumaragupta's reign to c. 450 CE.
1507:
Elephant-rider lion-slayer type: Similar to the elephant-rider type, but the king is shown holding a dagger to slay a lion in front of the elephant. The reverse is also similar, but the goddess holds an indistinct object in her hand, which a peacock is looking at. The reverse legend reads
609:. He also adopted the title Mahendraditya, and his coins call him by several variants of this name, including Shri-Mahendra, Mahendra-simha, and Ashvamedha-Mahendra. Shakraditya, the name of a king mentioned in Buddhist texts, may also have been the title of Kumaragupta (see
1250:
Kumaragupta's death: these troubles probably resulted from a disputed succession to the throne, and caused a civil war. However, this is a mere conjecture, and according to another theory, the situation described in the
Bhitari inscription may have been the result of a
1259:(foreigners, possibly the Hunas) before c. 455 CE. It is also possible that both of these theories are true: Skandagupta may have been dispatched to the frontier to check a Huna invasion; meanwhile, Kumaragupta died in the capital, leading to a succession dispute.
542:
sacrifice, which was usually performed to prove imperial sovereignty, although no concrete information is available about his military achievements. Based on the epigraphic and numismatic evidence, some modern historians have theorized that he may have subdued the
857:
region during
Kumaragupta's reign. His c. 435-436 inscription suggests that he was a member of the Gupta royal family, probably a son or younger brother of Kumaragupta. He is most probably same as the Ghatotkacha-gupta mentioned in a seal found at
1196:
states that
Skandagupta defeated his enemies and re-established the "ruined fortunes" of his family when his father died, and then visited his mother whose "eyes were full of tears of joy". The enemies mentioned in the inscriptions include the
1656:
668:
ceremony which was used by ancient kings to prove their sovereignty. However, since there is no concrete information available about any military conquest by him, it is not certain if this performance is indicative of any conquests.
1883:
1083:) after Shakraditya: he states the monastery was enriched by the endowments of the kings Shakraditya, Budhagupta, Tathagatagupta, and Baladitya. This casts some doubt on the identification of Shakraditya with Kumaragupta I.
950:
The Bihar stone pillar inscription of
Skandagupta suggests that Kumaragupta also married the sister of one of his ministers. As mentioned above, Ghatotkacha-gupta (not to be confused with the earlier king
2883:
2414:
724:
inscription mentions a line of kings whose name ends with -varman, who probably had their capital at
Dashapura (modern Mandsaur). The inscription describes one of these kings, Nara-varman, as an "
1184:
According to one theory, the later years of
Kumaragupta's reign were not peaceful. This theory is based on the c. 448 CE Mankuwar Buddha inscription issued during Kumaragupta's reign, and the
1071:. The omission of such an important Buddhist site in University can be explained by the assumption that the monastery in Nalanda was established after 411 CE, during the reign of Kumaragupta.
736:
temple was built in c. 436 CE during the reign of Nara-varman's grandson Bandhu-varman: it was later destroyed or damaged by other kings, and the guild had it repaired it in c. 473 CE.
1371:
Horseman type: Similar to the horseman-type coins of Chandragupta II, but the reverse of some of these coins features a new image, that of a goddess feeding a peacock, with the legend
1829:
755:
Some coins of Kumaragupta's coins depict him as a rhinoceros-slayer, which some scholars such as Tej Ram Sharma see as possible evidence of his successes against the king of
732:
region of present-day Gujarat to Dashapura. It then abruptly moves away from this topic and mentions "while Kumaragupta was ruling the whole earth". It further states that a
1515:
Rhinoceros-slayer (Khadgatrata) type: This gold coin is unique to Kumaragupta, and shows the king riding a horse and attacking a rhinoceros with his sword. The legend reads
1787:
1759:
1499:("Kumaragupta, who has destroyed his enemies and protects kings, is victorious over his foes." The reverse features goddess Lakshmi standing on a lotus, with the legend
574:. However, this cannot be said with certainty, and the situation described in the Bhitari inscription may have been the result of events that happened after his death.
2088:
in the reign of Kumaragupta has been dated to 432 CE, and a pedestal (with no king's name on it, but presumably from Kumaragupta's reign) has been dated to 432 CE.
862:, and the Ghatotkacha-gupta who is known to have issued a gold coin. He may have assumed independence for a short period, possibly after the death of Kumaragupta.
931:. The inscriptions of Skandagupta, who became the next king, do not mention the name of his mother, in a departure from the tradition. Purugupta was the son of
566:
restored the fallen fortunes of the Gupta family, which has led to suggestions that during his last years, Kumaragupta suffered reverses, possibly against the
1241:("Great King of Kings"). This has led to suggestions that he suffered reverses in the later part of his reign, possibly against the Pushyamitras or the Hunas.
1303:
Elephant-rider coin of Kumaragupta. Obverse legend: "Kumaragupta, who has destroyed his enemies and protected his client kings, is victorious over his foes".
1063:, who toured India during 400-411 CE does not mention the existence of any monastery at Nalanda, which was located near other places visited by him, such as
1617:. The obverse shows king presenting a bunch of flowers to the queen, with an unclear legend. The reverse shows a goddess seated on a lion, with the legend
1482:. The reverse side of Kumaragupta's coins feature a new image: that of a goddess standing on a crocodile, and feeding a peacock. The obverse legend reads
1193:
1185:
559:
1663:
1209:
1212:
inscribed with "year 129 in the reign of Great King Kumaragupta" (448 CE, at the end of the reign of Kumaragupta) only uses the feudatory title
462:
3112:
3070:
3049:
3005:
2951:
2930:
3107:
1901:
1666:
629:. No concrete information is available about his military achievements. The inscriptions issued during his reign have been discovered in
1044:
was established by a king called Shakraditya. Modern scholars identify king Shakraditya with Kumaragupta based on the following points:
974:
theorizes that Budhagupta was also a son of Kumaragupta I. However, the epigraphic evidence makes it clear that Budhagupta was a son of
1263:
ascended the throne. Skandagupta succeeded Kumaragupta, and was succeeded by Purugupta, whose descendants became the subsequent kings.
915:
739:
According to one theory, Bandhuvarman ruled Dashapura as a feudatory of Kumaragupta I, the subject of this article. However, historian
2512:
1646:
kings, dates, locations of places in the Gupta empire, and names of royal officers. The earliest extant Gupta inscriptions from the
660:
There are some indications that Kumaragupta's reign was not devoid of wars and disturbances. For example, he worshipped the war god
1728:
705:
832:) of the provinces were administered by district magistrates (Vishyapatis), who were supported by an advisory council comprising:
590:. Chandragupta's last inscription is dated c. 412 CE, while Kumaragupta's earliest inscription is dated c. 415 CE (year 96 of the
1527:(umbrella). The goddess stands on an elephant-headed crocodile, which holds a lotus stalk in its trunk. The reverse legend reads
1674:
2433:
2029:
728:", which seems to have been the dynasty's name. The inscription describes a guild of silk-weavers who had migrated from the
2547:
1591:; there is a circular legend which is unclear. The reverse shows the goddess Lakshmi sitting on a lotus, with the legend
203:
944:
1497:, with an attendant holding an umbrella over his head. The legend reads 'Kshataripu-Kumaragupto rajatrata jayati ripun
936:
775:, where tigers are abundant. However, historian S. R. Goyal dismisses both of these coin-based theories as fanciful.
2675:
The early history of India: from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan conquest, including the invasion of Alexander the Great
455:
431:
1637:. The other side is blank. It is likely that these coins were not issued by Kumaragupta or any other Gupta ruler.
1430:("Having conquered the earth, Kumaragupta wins the heaven by his meritorious deeds"). The obverse depicts goddess
783:
2669:
1777:
1749:
1629:
coins discovered at Khairatal have also been attributed to Kumaragupta by earlier scholars. These coins depict a
1307:
907:
emperors of China, as suggested by visits of Chinese delegations to India, and the exchange of an Indian envoy.
824:
Epigraphic evidence suggests that Kumaragupta ruled his empire through governors (Uparikas), who bore the title
1929:
1690:
dedicated in Gupta Era 117, during the reign of Kumaragupta I, from Karamdanda, District Gonda, Uttar Pradesh.
1682:
1598:
Lyrist type: Similar to the lyrist-type coins of Samudragupta; shows the king sitting on a couch and playing a
1557:("Victorious is Mahendra-Kumara by his own merits"). The obverse shows the king feeding a peacock, who is the
3102:
1534:
Ashvamedha-type: Similar to the Ashvamedha-type coins of Samudragupta. The legend is unclear, but historian
1422:
Swordsman type: A new type introduced by Kumaragupta. Bears an image of the king holding the sword, with a
2085:
1579:
Apratigha-type: The obverse depicts a man (possibly the king) flanked by a man on his left and a woman in
1205:; an alternative interpretation reads "yudhyamitras" (a generic term for enemies) instead of Pushyamitras.
56:
2690:
1441:
Lion-slayer type: Similar to the lion-slayer-type coins of Chandragupta II. The reverse bears the legend
1002:, flourished during Kumaragupta's reign. Kumaragupta's silver coins describe him as a devotee of the god
1399:("The unconquered and invincible Mahendra, who is a moon in the sky of the Gupta family, is victorious")
1255:
invasion. This theory is based on the Junagadh inscription which suggests that Skandagupta defeated the
971:
448:
1519:("Ever victorious is the lord Kumaragupta, who is saviour of rhinoceroses"). The reverse shows goddess
1405:("The Spotless Moon of the Gupta family, the invincible hero who is valorous as Indra, is victorious")
767:
is abundant. Another category of his coins portray him as a tiger-slayer, which according to historian
966:
after king Shakraditya (identified as Kumaragupta I by some scholars) while naming the patrons of the
1177:
1907:
1568:
Chhatra-type: Similar to the chhatra-type coins of Chandragupta II. The obverse legend begins with
1121:
The Mankuwar Buddha, dated to the end of the reign of Kumaragupta I in 448 CE, only uses the title
1101:
1049:
873:
as a subordinate of Kumaragupta. His known dates range from c. 443 to c. 447 (years 124-128 of the
3022:
1299:
1289:
947:
suggests that the Kadamba king Kakusthavarman established a matrimonial alliance with the Guptas.
1806:
1781:
1753:
1375:("Undefeated Mahendra"). The coins appears in several sub-types, with different obverse legends:
952:
850:
768:
697:, which ruled this region. This has led to suggestions that Kumaragupta defeated the Traikutakas
694:
552:
548:
235:
2869:
2487:
2281:
1542:("King Kumaragupta, the supreme lord, who has conquered his enemies"). The reverse legend reads
1029:
after the god, and his own name "Kumara" appears to have been based on another name of the god.
1315:
Among the Gupta kings, Kumaragupta issued the largest varieties of coins. His 628 coins in the
1271:
681:, which was located to the south-west of the core Gupta territory. These include 13 coins from
3066:
3060:
3045:
3026:
3001:
2995:
2982:
2947:
2926:
2920:
2508:
2502:
1524:
1520:
1172:
The earliest known regnal date of Kumaragupta's son Skandagupta is c. 455 CE (year 136 of the
764:
125:
2941:
2673:
2123:
1326:
Archer type: Similar to the archer-type coins of Chandragupta II. The reverse legend reads
1025:(also known as Skanda): his coins feature Karttikeya seated on a peacock. He named his son
2981:. Vol. 3, Part I: A.D. 300-985. Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
1823:
1112:
940:
686:
622:
583:
520:
414:
308:
156:
83:
30:
3016:
787:
Kumaragupta I, "Archer type" coin. King Kumaragupta, nimbate, holding arrow and bow with
2961:
J. N. Banerjea (1982). "Vaishnavism, Saivism and Minor Sects". In R. C. Mujumdar (ed.).
919:
Shivling with an inscription dedicated to gupta year "117" dating to kumaragupta I reign
45:
2972:
2863:
2481:
2275:
1691:
1670:
1614:
1163:
1080:
975:
866:
744:
740:
630:
368:
348:
252:
527:. He seems to have maintained control of his inherited territory, which extended from
3096:
3062:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
1722:
1606:. The reverse shows a woman sitting on a couch and holding a flower, with the legend
1580:
1535:
772:
729:
709:
634:
594:). Therefore, Kumaragupta must have ascended the throne in or shortly before 415 CE.
1411:("The invincible and victorious king Kumaragupta carries the day, being undefeated")
1381:("The moon in the firmament of the earth, the invincible Kumaragupta is victorious")
1479:
1228:
1223:
1198:
1137:
1132:
1037:
626:
567:
516:
479:
279:
269:
218:
187:
146:
3087:
2706:
2105:
1417:("The lord of the rulers of this earth, the invincible Kumaragupta is victorious")
798:
507:
501:
485:
3039:
2976:
2962:
2117:
1486:("The glorious whose prowess is like that of a tiger". The reverse legend reads
1626:
1252:
1233:
1218:
1176:). This proves that Kumaragupta's reign ended in or before this year. Historian
1142:
1127:
1068:
1064:
1026:
991:
924:
809:
678:
638:
621:
Kumaragupta had inherited a large empire built upon the conquests of his father
563:
496:
397:
328:
130:
93:
1553:, who is also known as "Kumara". The legend is unclear: Altekar has read it as
743:
argues that the "Kumaragupta" referred to in the inscription is the later king
1550:
1473:("Narasimha, as it were incarnate, the lion-like Mahendra is ever victorious")
1076:
1022:
963:
665:
661:
642:
587:
539:
524:
379:
358:
166:
3030:
1478:
Tiger-slayer type: Similar to the tiger-slayer-type coins of his grandfather
828:("great king"), and administered various provinces (Bhuktis). The districts (
2986:
1739:
1256:
1173:
1159:
1155:
928:
880:
The 436 CE Karamdanda inscription mentions Prithivishena, who was initially
874:
804:
713:
591:
544:
491:
338:
297:
134:
820:, seated facing on open lotus, holding diadem and lotus. Circa 415-455 CE.
1449:. The coins appear in several sub-types, with different obverse legends:
1330:. The coins appear in several varieties, with different obverse legends:
1149:
1033:
995:
987:
959:
904:
756:
725:
721:
682:
176:
2529:"Mankuwar Buddha Image Inscription of the Time of Kumaragupta I siddham"
2528:
1360:("The excellent archer, the illustrious Kumaragupta conquers the earth")
1847:
1431:
1041:
999:
967:
829:
817:
690:
654:
646:
528:
141:
3041:
A Political History of the Imperial Guptas: From Gupta to Skandagupta
2081:
2047:
1938:
1647:
1630:
1558:
1493:
Elephant-rider: Shows the king riding a caparisoned elephant using a
1455:("Kumaragupta, unconquered Mahendra, the lord of earth, wins heaven")
1423:
1316:
1285:
1060:
1018:
1015:
1003:
892:(general). His father Shikharasvamin had served Chandragupta II as a
870:
859:
792:
788:
650:
532:
2967:. Vol. III, Part II. Indian History Congress / Orient Longmans.
1461:("The victorious Kumaragupta, lion-like Mahendra, wins the heaven"")
903:
Kumaragupta seems to have established diplomatic relations with the
771:, may allude to his incursions of the territory to the south of the
1393:("The unconquered and victorious king Kumaragupta wins the heaven")
1687:
1681:
1583:
on his right. The vertical legends beside the central figure read
1202:
1053:
914:
760:
733:
704:
571:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2715:
2713:
2603:
2601:
2576:
2574:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2322:
2320:
2170:
2168:
1599:
1494:
854:
845:
the chief of the guild of writers or scribes (Prathama-Kayastha)
653:-inscribed coins have been discovered in western India, and his
2451:
2449:
2447:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
1387:("Victorious is the king who is never defeated by the enemies")
2904:
10. Kamakura: The Institute of Silk Road Studies, pp. 167–176.
2204:
2202:
2200:
2135:
2133:
1237:, "Great King") for Kumaragupta instead of the imperial title
2221:
2219:
2217:
2028:
1928:
1906:
1882:
1828:
1786:
1758:
1727:
1348:("King Kumaragupta who has conquered the earth wins heaven")
1293:"Parama-bhagavata rajadhiraja Sri Kumaragupta Mahendraditya"
986:
Epigraphic evidence indicates that various faiths including
1467:("Kumaragupta, who is as valorous in the battle as a lion")
1280:
Bust of King Kumaragupta with cap decorated with crescents.
2865:
Inscriptions Of The Early Gupta Kings And Their Successors
2678:. Oxford : Clarendon Press. p. Coin plate No. 2.
2483:
Inscriptions Of The Early Gupta Kings And Their Successors
2277:
Inscriptions Of The Early Gupta Kings And Their Successors
1366:("The illustrious Kumaragupta, the highest king of kings")
3018:
Personal and Geographical Names in the Gupta Inscriptions
2434:"Shiva Temples and the journey of Shaivism out of Bharat"
712:
pillar inscription of Kumaragupta, in the Year 96 of the
50:
Kumaragupta fighting a lion, as depicted on his gold coin
2900:
Falk, Harry. (2004) "The Kaniṣka era in Gupta Records."
1295:("Most devout King of Kings Kumaragupta Mahendraditya").
955:) was probably a son or younger brother of Kumaragupta.
849:
Ghatotkacha-gupta (not to be confused with his ancestor
1014:). His gold, silver, and copper coins feature Vishnu's
1512:("The elephant of king Mahendra, destroyer of lion").
839:
the representative of the merchant guild (Sarthavaha)
1453:
Kshitipatir-ajita-Mahendrah Kumaragupto divam jayati
1311:
Horseman type coin of Kumaragupta. Circa 415-455 CE.
2655:
1572:; the rest of it is lost. The reverse legend reads
677:Kumaragupta's coins have been found in present-day
664:, and his gold coins suggest that he performed the
645:; an inscription of his son has been discovered in
172:
162:
152:
140:
124:
116:
103:
99:
89:
79:
62:
55:
23:
2555:. Washington: National Gallery of Art. p. 81.
1409:Kshitipatir-ajito vijayi Kumaragupto jayaty-ajitah
1397:Guptakula-vyoma-shashi jayaty-ajeyo jita Mahendrah
1354:("The illustrious Kumaragupta conquers the earth")
1322:The varieties of his coins include the following:
888:(minister) of Kumaragupta I, and later became his
685:, and a hoard of 1395 silver coins from Samand in
2884:"Collections-Virtual Museum of Images and Sounds"
2415:"Collections-Virtual Museum of Images and Sounds"
1471:Sakshadiva Narasimho simha-Mahendro jayatyanisham
1415:Prithvi-taleshvarendrah Kumaragupto jayaty-ajitah
1391:Kshitipatir-ajito vijayi Kumaragupto divam jayati
1379:Prithvital-ambarashashi Kumaragupto jayaty-ajitah
1428:Gamavajitya sucharitaih Kumaragupto divam jayati
1342:("Prominent in merit Kumara conquers the world")
842:the chief of the artisan guild (Prathama-Kulika)
515:, r. c. 415–455 CE) was an King of Kings of the
2824:
2807:
2786:
2774:
2755:
2743:
2731:
2719:
1699:Inscriptions issued during Kumaragupta's reign
1650:region were issued during Kumaragupta's reign.
1403:Guptakul-amalachandro Mahendrakarm-ajito jayati
1346:Vijitavanir avanipatih Kumaragupto divam jayati
1056:, and Kumaragupta bore the title Mahendraditya.
1052:" and "Mahendra" are names of the Indian deity
2849:
2643:
2631:
2619:
2607:
2592:
2580:
2565:
2467:
2455:
2376:
2357:
2345:
2326:
2311:
2294:
2261:
2249:
2237:
2208:
2191:
2174:
2139:
1459:Kumaragupto vijayi simha-Mahendro divam jayati
1336:("King of kings, the illustrious Kumaragupta")
836:the town president or mayor (Nagara-Shreshtin)
2401:
2119:Catalogue of the coins of the Gupta dynasties
1613:King and queen-type: Similar to the coins of
1503:("The elephant of the illustrious Mahendra").
456:
8:
2392:, Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp.500–1
2225:
1358:Jayati mahitalam Shri-Kumaraguptah sudhanvi
582:Kumaragupta was a son of the Gupta emperor
2549:The Sculpture of India 3000 B.C.-1300 A.D.
816:vertically to the right. Reverse: Goddess
463:
449:
183:
44:
20:
2507:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 142.
1531:("The illustrious Mahendra rhinoceros").
1434:sitting on a lotus, and bears the legend
1186:Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta
519:of Ancient India. A son of the Gupta king
1697:
1306:
1298:
1270:
782:
2997:Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India
2890:. American Institute of Indian Studies.
2421:. American Institute of Indian Studies.
2097:
2025:Man Kuwar (or Mankuwar), Uttar Pradesh
1021:. He was also a devotee of the war god
186:
1555:Jayati svagunair-guna Mahendra-Kumarah
1517:khadgatrata Kumaragupto jayaty-anisham
1148:"in the year 129, in the reign of the
1965:Damodarpur near Phulbari, Bangladesh
1540:Devo jitashatruth Kumaragupto dhiraja
555:was possibly built during his reign.
7:
2925:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 315.
2922:Rise and Fall of the Imperial Guptas
1561:(mount) of the god, with the legend
1523:, with a female attendant holding a
1319:hoard belong to 14 different types.
970:monastery. Based on this, historian
2943:The Imperial Guptas and Their Times
1673:. Dated Gupta Era 117 (c. 436 CE).
1633:with outstretched wings and legend
1364:Parama-rajadhiraja-Shri-Kumaragupta
923:Kumaragupta had at least two sons:
2432:Dokras, Dr Uday (1 January 2021).
2390:Political History of Ancient India
1352:Jayati mahitalam Shri-Kumaraguptah
1032:According to the Buddhist writers
869:-bhukti (province) in present-day
689:. His coins discovered from south
14:
2010:Baigram (or Boigram), Bangladesh
1667:Tumain inscription of Kumāragupta
1604:Maharajadhiraja-Shri-Kumaraguptah
1334:Mahdrajadhiraja-Shri-Kumdraguptah
1146:"Great King") in the inscription
1040:(8th century), the University at
693:resemble the coins issued by the
2978:A Comprehensive History of India
2964:A Comprehensive History of India
2689:Virji, krishnakumari J. (1952).
2080:An inscription on a figure of a
1950:Kalaikuri-Sultanpur, Bangladesh
1655:
1340:Gunesho mahitalam jayati Kumarah
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1111:
1100:
939:theorizes that Anantadevi was a
808:
803:
797:
701:Possible annexation of Dashapura
673:Possible south-western conquests
506:
500:
495:
490:
484:
209:
202:
2438:Indo Nordic Author's Collective
1675:Gwalior Fort Archeologic Museum
1549:Karttikeya type: Shows the god
1484:Shriman vyaghra-bala-parakramah
1465:Kumaragupto yudhi simhavikramah
1079:(a successor of the later king
2862:Fleet, John Faithfull (1888).
2480:Fleet, John Faithfull (1960).
2274:Fleet, John Faithfull (1888).
935:(queen) Anantadevi. Historian
1:
2902:Silk Road Art and Archaeology
2692:Ancient History Of Saurashtra
2501:Mookerji, Radhakumud (1997).
1059:The earlier Chinese traveler
610:
420:
403:
386:
285:
258:
241:
224:
107:
66:
3113:5th-century maharajadhirajas
2940:Dilip Kumar Ganguly (1987).
2388:Raychaudhuri, H. C. (1972).
945:Talagunda pillar inscription
597:Kumaragupta bore the titles
3108:5th-century Indian monarchs
3065:. Pearson Education India.
1288:bird, circled by legend in
1275:Silver coin of Kumaragupta.
1152:, the glorious Kumaragupta"
3129:
2072:Gupta Era 135 (c. 454 CE)
2057:Gupta Era 131 (c. 450 CE)
2040:Gupta Era 129 (c. 448 CE)
2018:Gupta Era 128 (c. 447 CE)
2003:Gupta Era 128 (c. 447 CE)
1988:Gupta Era 125 (c. 444 CE)
1973:Gupta Era 124 (c. 443 CE)
1958:Gupta Era 120 (c. 439 CE)
1943:Gupta Era 117 (c. 436 CE)
1925:Karamdanda, Uttar Pradesh
1918:Gupta Era 117 (c. 436 CE)
1894:Gupta Era 115 (c. 434 CE)
1872:Gupta Era 113 (c. 432 CE)
1857:Gupta Era 113 (c. 432 CE)
1840:Gupta Era 106 (c. 425 CE)
1510:Simhanihnata Mahendragajah
1385:Jayati nripo ribhir-ajitah
562:states that his successor
560:Bhitari pillar inscription
2670:Stephen Meredyth Edwardes
1770:Gupta Era 98 (c. 417 CE)
1544:Shri-Ashvamedha-Mahendrah
547:of central India and the
538:Kumaragupta performed an
43:
28:
2919:Ashvini Agrawal (1989).
2656:Dilip Kumar Ganguly 1987
1154:. Mankuwar, District of
865:Chirata-datta ruled the
751:Other possible campaigns
3038:Tej Ram Sharma (1989).
3015:Tej Ram Sharma (1978).
3000:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1864:Dhanaidaha, Bangladesh
1426:emblem, and the legend
245: late 3rd century
228: late 3rd century
3088:Coins of Kumaragupta I
3059:Upinder Singh (2008).
2668:Vincent Arthur Smith;
2033:
1933:
1911:
1887:
1833:
1791:
1763:
1732:
1695:
1312:
1304:
1296:
920:
821:
717:
551:of western India. The
2994:Sukumar Dutt (1988).
2032:
1932:
1910:
1886:
1832:
1790:
1762:
1731:
1721:Bilsad (or Bilsarh),
1685:
1563:Shri-Mahendra Kumarah
1310:
1302:
1274:
1246:inscription occurred
978:, not Kumaragupta I.
958:The Chinese traveler
918:
786:
708:
2825:Ashvini Agrawal 1989
2808:Ashvini Agrawal 1989
2787:Ashvini Agrawal 1989
2775:Ashvini Agrawal 1989
2756:Ashvini Agrawal 1989
2744:Ashvini Agrawal 1989
2732:Ashvini Agrawal 1989
2720:Ashvini Agrawal 1989
2116:Allen, John (1914).
1805:Gadhwa (or Ghadwa),
1443:Shri-Mahendrasimhaah
625:and his grandfather
535:region in the east.
274:(early 4th century?)
3021:. Concept. p.
2850:Tej Ram Sharma 1989
2644:R. C. Majumdar 1981
2632:R. C. Majumdar 1981
2620:R. C. Majumdar 1981
2608:Tej Ram Sharma 1989
2593:R. C. Majumdar 1981
2581:Tej Ram Sharma 1989
2566:Tej Ram Sharma 1989
2468:J. N. Banerjea 1982
2456:Tej Ram Sharma 1978
2377:R. C. Majumdar 1981
2358:R. C. Majumdar 1981
2346:Tej Ram Sharma 1989
2327:Tej Ram Sharma 1989
2312:R. C. Majumdar 1981
2295:R. C. Majumdar 1981
2264:, pp. 175–176.
2262:Tej Ram Sharma 1989
2252:, pp. 174–176.
2250:Tej Ram Sharma 1989
2240:, pp. 174–175.
2238:Tej Ram Sharma 1989
2209:R. C. Majumdar 1981
2192:Tej Ram Sharma 1989
2175:Tej Ram Sharma 1989
2140:R. C. Majumdar 1981
1700:
1602:. The legend reads
1529:Shri-Mahendrakhadga
1194:Bhitari inscription
649:. In addition, his
303:(late 4th century?)
57:Gupta King of Kings
2402:Upinder Singh 2008
2034:
1934:
1912:
1888:
1834:
1807:Allahabad district
1792:
1782:Allahabad district
1764:
1754:Allahabad district
1733:
1698:
1696:
1574:Shri-Mahendraditya
1501:Shri-Mahendragajah
1488:Kumaraguptodhiraja
1313:
1305:
1297:
1075:Xuanzang mentions
1036:(7th century) and
921:
822:
769:H. C. Raychaudhuri
718:
695:Traikutaka dynasty
553:Nalanda mahavihara
3072:978-81-317-1677-9
3051:978-81-7022-251-4
3007:978-81-208-0498-2
2953:978-81-7017-222-2
2932:978-81-208-0592-7
2789:, pp. 26–27.
2758:, pp. 25–26.
2734:, pp. 24–25.
2634:, pp. 72–74.
2622:, pp. 70–71.
2546:Chandra, Pramod.
2360:, pp. 68–69.
2297:, pp. 67–68.
2226:Sukumar Dutt 1988
2078:
2077:
1619:Shri-Kumaraguptah
1436:Shri-Kumaraguptah
943:princess, as the
791:standard behind.
765:Indian rhinoceros
603:Parama-bhattaraka
473:
472:
440:
439:
182:
181:
34:Parama-bhattaraka
3120:
3076:
3055:
3034:
3011:
2990:
2968:
2957:
2936:
2905:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2880:
2874:
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2697:
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2584:
2578:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2504:The Gupta Empire
2498:
2492:
2491:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2442:
2441:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2386:
2380:
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2361:
2355:
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2330:
2324:
2315:
2309:
2298:
2292:
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2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2212:
2206:
2195:
2189:
2178:
2172:
2143:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2113:
2107:
2102:
1701:
1669:, discovered in
1659:
1608:Shri-Kumaragupta
1595:("unconquered").
1570:Jayati mahitalam
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1115:
1104:
1008:parama-bhagavata
890:mahabaladhikrita
812:
807:
801:
510:
504:
499:
494:
488:
465:
458:
451:
425:
422:
408:
405:
391:
388:
290:
287:
263:
260:
246:
243:
229:
226:
213:
206:
199:
198:
193:
184:
112:
109:
75:
71:
68:
48:
21:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3093:
3092:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3058:
3052:
3037:
3014:
3008:
2993:
2971:
2960:
2954:
2939:
2933:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2899:
2895:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2848:
2831:
2823:
2814:
2806:
2793:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2762:
2754:
2750:
2742:
2738:
2730:
2726:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2700:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2654:
2650:
2642:
2638:
2630:
2626:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2579:
2572:
2564:
2560:
2552:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2454:
2445:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2400:
2396:
2387:
2383:
2375:
2364:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2333:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2301:
2293:
2289:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2236:
2232:
2224:
2215:
2207:
2198:
2190:
2181:
2173:
2146:
2138:
2131:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2099:
2094:
1742:96 (c. 415 CE)
1680:
1679:
1678:
1665:
1660:
1643:
1538:has read it as
1447:Simha-Mahendrah
1373:Ajita-Mahendrah
1281:
1276:
1269:
1239:Maharajadhiraja
1210:Mankuwar Buddha
1170:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1094:Mankuwar Buddha
1089:
984:
972:R. K. Mukherjee
913:
853:) governed the
802:
781:
759:in present-day
753:
703:
687:Satara district
675:
623:Chandragupta II
619:
599:Maharajadhiraja
584:Chandragupta II
580:
531:in the west to
521:Chandragupta II
513:Ku-ma-ra-gu-pta
511:
489:
469:
423:
415:Kumaragupta III
406:
389:
313:(380 – 413/415)
309:Chandragupta II
288:
261:
244:
227:
191:
190:
157:Chandragupta II
133:
110:
84:Chandragupta II
73:
69:
51:
37:
35:
33:
31:Maharajadhiraja
19:
18:Maharajadhiraja
12:
11:
5:
3126:
3124:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3103:Gupta emperors
3095:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3082:External links
3080:
3078:
3077:
3071:
3056:
3050:
3035:
3012:
3006:
2991:
2973:R. C. Majumdar
2969:
2958:
2952:
2937:
2931:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2893:
2875:
2854:
2852:, p. 172.
2829:
2812:
2791:
2779:
2760:
2748:
2736:
2724:
2709:
2698:
2695:. p. 225.
2681:
2660:
2658:, p. 103.
2648:
2636:
2624:
2612:
2610:, p. 176.
2597:
2585:
2583:, p. 177.
2570:
2568:, p. 182.
2558:
2538:
2520:
2513:
2493:
2472:
2470:, p. 781.
2460:
2443:
2424:
2406:
2404:, p. 486.
2394:
2381:
2362:
2350:
2348:, p. 179.
2331:
2329:, p. 175.
2316:
2299:
2287:
2266:
2254:
2242:
2230:
2228:, p. 329.
2213:
2196:
2194:, p. 174.
2179:
2177:, p. 173.
2144:
2129:
2108:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2076:
2075:
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1711:
1708:
1705:
1692:Lucknow Museum
1671:Madhya Pradesh
1662:
1661:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1642:
1639:
1635:Mahendraaditya
1623:
1622:
1615:Chandragupta I
1611:
1596:
1577:
1566:
1547:
1532:
1513:
1505:
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1474:
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1349:
1343:
1337:
1328:Shri-Mahendrah
1268:
1265:
1243:
1242:
1206:
1164:Lucknow Museum
1120:
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1110:
1109:
1108:
1099:
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1093:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1081:Kumaragupta II
1073:
1072:
1057:
983:
980:
976:Kumaragupta II
937:R. N. Dandekar
912:
909:
867:Pundravardhana
847:
846:
843:
840:
837:
796:
780:
779:Administration
777:
752:
749:
745:Kumaragupta II
741:R. C. Majumdar
702:
699:
674:
671:
631:Madhya Pradesh
618:
615:
579:
576:
505:
483:
471:
470:
468:
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460:
453:
445:
442:
441:
438:
437:
434:
428:
427:
417:
411:
410:
400:
394:
393:
383:
375:
374:
373:(495 – ?)
371:
369:Narasimhagupta
365:
364:
361:
355:
354:
351:
349:Kumaragupta II
345:
344:
341:
335:
334:
331:
325:
324:
321:
315:
314:
311:
305:
304:
301:
293:
292:
289: 335/350
282:
276:
275:
272:
266:
265:
255:
253:Chandragupta I
249:
248:
238:
232:
231:
221:
215:
214:
207:
195:
194:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
138:
137:
128:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
105:
101:
100:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
64:
60:
59:
53:
52:
49:
41:
40:
26:
25:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3125:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3074:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3013:
3009:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2879:
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2871:
2867:
2866:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2827:, p. 28.
2826:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2810:, p. 27.
2809:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2780:
2777:, p. 26.
2776:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2749:
2746:, p. 25.
2745:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2725:
2722:, p. 24.
2721:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2702:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2685:
2682:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2649:
2646:, p. 81.
2645:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2595:, p. 70.
2594:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2559:
2551:
2550:
2542:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2516:
2514:9788120804401
2510:
2506:
2505:
2497:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2461:
2458:, p. 26.
2457:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2425:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2379:, p. 69.
2378:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2354:
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2313:
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2145:
2142:, p. 66.
2141:
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2112:
2109:
2106:
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2069:Buddha image
2068:
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2037:Buddha image
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2017:
2015:Copper plate
2014:
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1751:
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1723:Etah district
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1536:A. S. Altekar
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723:
716:(415-416 CE).
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192:320 CE–550 CE
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74: 455 CE
65:
61:
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42:
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38:Mahendraditya
32:
27:
24:Kumaragupta I
22:
16:
3061:
3040:
3017:
2996:
2977:
2963:
2942:
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2901:
2896:
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2100:
2079:
1985:Broken idol
1644:
1641:Inscriptions
1634:
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1607:
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1509:
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1498:
1487:
1483:
1480:Samudragupta
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1427:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
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1327:
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1277:
1261:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1213:
1199:Pushyamitras
1183:
1171:
1147:
1122:
1074:
1038:Prajnavarman
1031:
1011:
1007:
985:
957:
949:
932:
922:
902:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
879:
864:
848:
825:
823:
813:
763:, where the
754:
738:
719:
676:
659:
627:Samudragupta
620:
607:Paramadvaita
606:
602:
598:
596:
581:
568:Pushyamitras
557:
537:
517:Gupta Empire
512:
480:Gupta script
475:
474:
318:
280:Samudragupta
188:Gupta Empire
36:Paramadvaita
29:
15:
3044:. Concept.
2946:. Abhinav.
2868:. pp.
2280:. pp.
1995:Damodarpur
1178:V. A. Smith
1065:Pataliputra
1027:Skandagupta
992:Vaishnavism
953:Ghatotkacha
925:Skandagupta
898:kumaramatya
886:kumaramatya
851:Ghatotkacha
720:The 423 CE
679:Maharashtra
639:West Bengal
564:Skandagupta
549:Traikutakas
436:(540 – 550)
432:Vishnugupta
398:Vainyagupta
363:(476 – 495)
353:(473 - 476)
343:(467 – 473)
333:(455 - 467)
329:Skandagupta
323:(415 – 455)
236:Ghatotkacha
131:Skandagupta
94:Skandagupta
80:Predecessor
3097:Categories
2705:CNG Coins
2533:siddham.uk
2486:. p.
2122:. p.
2092:References
1854:Jain idol
1704:Find spot
1593:Apratighah
1551:Karttikeya
1257:mlechchhas
1087:Last years
1077:Budhagupta
1023:Karttikeya
964:Budhagupta
666:Ashvamedha
662:Karttikeya
643:Bangladesh
613:section).
588:Dhruvadevi
586:and Queen
578:Early life
540:Ashvamedha
525:Dhruvadevi
523:and Queen
424: 530
407: 507
390: 510
380:Bhanugupta
359:Budhagupta
264:– 335/350)
262: 319
167:Dhruvadevi
120:Anantadevi
72: – c.
70: 415
3031:249004782
2104:CNG Coin
1824:Udayagiri
1740:Gupta Era
1174:Gupta era
1160:Gupta art
1156:Allahabad
1012:bhagavata
962:mentions
929:Purugupta
875:Gupta era
714:Gupta era
611:#Religion
592:Gupta era
545:Aulikaras
339:Purugupta
298:Ramagupta
135:Purugupta
90:Successor
2987:34008529
2975:(1981).
2672:(1924).
2064:Mathura
1980:Mathura
1879:Mathura
1816:Undated
1798:Undated
1627:repoussé
1214:Maharaja
1150:Maharaja
1123:Maharaja
1034:Xuanzang
996:Buddhism
988:Shaivism
982:Religion
960:Xuanzang
933:Mahadevi
905:Liu Sung
860:Vaishali
830:vishayas
826:Maharaja
814:Ku-ma-ra
757:Kamarupa
726:Aulikara
722:Mandsaur
683:Achalpur
177:Hinduism
173:Religion
2888:vmis.in
2419:vmis.in
2086:Mathura
1848:Mathura
1716:Source
1713:Period
1525:chhatra
1432:Lakshmi
1267:Coinage
1201:or the
1042:Nalanda
1000:Jainism
968:Nalanda
941:Kadamba
894:mantrin
882:mantrin
818:Lakshmi
795:Legend
691:Gujarat
655:peacock
647:Gujarat
570:or the
529:Gujarat
142:Dynasty
3069:
3048:
3029:
3004:
2985:
2950:
2929:
2511:
2082:yaksha
2054:Stone
2048:Sanchi
1937:Stone
1915:Stone
1902:Tumain
1813:Stone
1795:Stone
1778:Gadhwa
1767:Stone
1750:Gadhwa
1707:Image
1648:Bengal
1631:garuda
1589:guptah
1585:Kumara
1559:vahana
1424:garuda
1317:Bayana
1290:Brahmi
1286:Garuda
1061:Faxian
1050:Shakra
1019:Garuda
1016:vahana
1004:Vishnu
998:, and
871:Bengal
793:Brahmi
789:Garuda
710:Bilsad
651:garuda
641:, and
605:, and
533:Bengal
291:– 375)
247:- 319)
163:Mother
153:Father
117:Spouse
2553:(PDF)
2084:from
1939:linga
1837:Cave
1710:Type
1688:Linga
1625:Some
1521:Ganga
1248:after
1203:Hunas
1054:Indra
761:Assam
617:Reign
572:Hunas
270:Kacha
219:Gupta
147:Gupta
126:Issue
63:Reign
3067:ISBN
3046:ISBN
3027:OCLC
3002:ISBN
2983:OCLC
2948:ISBN
2927:ISBN
2872:-45.
2509:ISBN
2284:-45.
1600:lute
1587:and
1495:goad
1283:Rev:
1278:Obv:
1253:Huna
1208:The
1192:The
1069:Gaya
1067:and
927:and
896:and
884:and
855:Eran
730:Lata
558:The
104:Died
3023:258
1445:or
1010:or
877:).
734:sun
3099::
3025:.
2886:.
2870:42
2832:^
2815:^
2794:^
2763:^
2712:^
2600:^
2573:^
2531:.
2488:47
2446:^
2436:.
2417:.
2365:^
2334:^
2319:^
2302:^
2282:42
2216:^
2199:^
2182:^
2147:^
2132:^
2124:61
1686:A
1188::
1162:,
1158:.
994:,
990:,
900:.
637:,
633:,
601:,
482::
421:c.
404:c.
387:c.
286:c.
259:c.
242:c.
225:c.
108:c.
67:c.
3075:.
3054:.
3033:.
3010:.
2989:.
2956:.
2935:.
2535:.
2517:.
2490:.
2440:.
2126:.
1694:.
1677:.
1621:.
1610:.
1576:.
1565:.
1546:.
1490:.
1438:.
1216:(
1166:.
1125:(
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1006:(
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450:v
426:)
419:(
409:)
402:(
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385:(
382:)
378:(
300:)
296:(
284:(
257:(
240:(
230:)
223:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
