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562:. In the play, the Great Tengu represents the figure of Sōjōbō. The Great Tengu says he his impressed with the Ushiwakamaru character, the young Yoshitsune, for his respectfulness and admirable intentions. Not only does he help Ushiwakamaru by training him to become a great warrior and defeat his enemies, he also promises to protect him and support him in future battles.
1466:
1232:. He meets the Great Tengu and his wife, who tell him that his father "has been reborn as Dainichi Buddha in the Pure Land of Amida". The story then covers the supernatural journey of the Great Tengu and the young Yoshitsune through the "six planes of karmic transmigration" to visit Yoshitsune's father in the Pure Land.
727:, Sōjōbō has a primarily human form. Frederick Hadland Davis describes Sōjōbō as having both “bird-like claws, and feathered wings” and "a long red nose and enormous glaring eyes". Similarly, de Visser says Sōjōbō has "sparkling eyes and a big nose". Sōjōbō is also described as having a long white beard.
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palace by starting at the bottom of the slope of the temple on Mount Kurama, climbing a path up the mountainside until he reaches coloured walls that lead him to the gates of the palace. He finds the palace to be very large, elaborate, and decorated with different jewels. According to the story, the
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to practice with
Ushiwakamaru. Ushiwakamaru then becomes extremely skilled, as demonstrated by the words of the reciters who say that "even the monsters in the heavens and the demons in the underworld will be unable to beat his elegance with braveness". The play ends with the Great Tengu predicting
358:
Sōjōbō is also referred to by other names and titles that function as names. Sōjōbō is sometimes called the Kurama tengu. This name references Sōjōbō's mountain home, Mount Kurama. Ronald
Knutsen refers to Sōjōbō by the title of Tengu-san. Sōjōbō is also named by references to his title as the king
1243:
notice his absence from their gathering. They were gathering to conspire against the character the
Handcart Priest and were in need of Sōjōbō's help. A messenger is sent to Sōjōbō to ask for his help, and he tells the messenger that he doesn't want to take part because he has been nearly fatally
363:. For example, James de Benneville refers to Sōjōbō using the term goblin-king. Similarly, Catherina Blomberg says that the titles "Dai Tengu (Great Tengu) or Tengu Sama (Lord Tengu)" are used to name Sōjōbō. Sometimes, Sōjōbō is named using both a title and a reference to Mount Kurama. The
823:
1130:, Sōjōbō is initially disguised as a mountain priest and befriends the young Yoshitsune (called Ushiwakamaru at this age) at a celebration of the cherry blossoms on Mount Kurama. Then the following exchange between the two characters occurs:
1419:. According to F. Brinkley, entities from the "region of allegory" are honoured at these festivals alongside deities. At some festivals, decorated shrines devoted to a particular deity or subject are mounted on a wooden cart called a
466:
were no longer seen as enemies of
Buddhism specifically, but were portrayed as wanting to "throw the whole word into disorder". According to de Visser, the reason Sōjōbō trains Yoshitsune in martial arts is to start a war.
908:
on that mountain. The mountain that Sōjōbō is said to inhabit is Mount Kurama. According to
Knutsen, Mount Kurama is "associated in the popular mind with the tengu". Mount Kurama is located north of the city of
828:
824:
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Sōjōbō is considered to be the chieftain of Mount Kurama. Blomberg describes Sōjōbō as having "retainers" who "have the form of a karasu tengu". An example of the hierarchy of the two sub-categories of
550:
But even though this pride caused us to fall into this path, there is no reason we should not know pity. So let us help
Ushiwaka, teach him the method of the tengu so he can attack his father’s enemy.
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have a primarily human form with some bird-like features such as wings and claws. The other distinctive physical characteristics of Sōjōbō include his long, white hair and unnaturally long nose.
827:
2516:
Kimbrough, R. Keller (March 2016) . "Late
Medieval Popular Fiction and Narrated Genres: Otogizōshi, Kōwakamai, Sekkyō, and Ko-Jōruri". In Shirane, Haruo; Suzuki, Tomi; Lurie, David (eds.).
2400:
Saitō Musashi-Bō Benkei (Tales of the Wars of the Gempei): Being the Story of the Lives and
Adventures of Iyo-No-Kami Minamoto Kuro Yoshitsune and Saitō Musashi-Bō Benkei the Warrior Monk
678:
were first in the form of a bird, then had a human form with the head of a bird, and finally the bird beak became a long nose. Similarly, Basil Hall
Chamberlain says that the beak of the
1007:
or Bishop's valley. According to de
Benneville, this area was thought to be "the haunt of tengu, even … the seat of the court of their goblin-king". Similarly, de Visser says that some
1407:. Ashkenazi says descriptions of Sarutahiko present him as being very tall, having an extremely long nose, and with "mirror-like eyes" that "shone cherry-red from inner flames".
542:
see the young Yoshitsune practising near the temple on Mount Kurama, they explain that their prideful ways prevented them from becoming Buddhas and instead caused them to become
2753:
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with the long human nose is more common in modern Japanese culture. Sōjōbō is one of the "eight great dai-tengu" and, of these, one of the three that are most well-known.
766:, worn from the start of the Edo period, is a small hat that resembles a black box. Sōjōbō carries a fan made from seven feathers as a sign of his position at the top of
57:
3380:
917:, which dates back to 770 AD. The mountain has connections to the history of both reiki and aikido. Mount Kurama is known as a "new-age power spot" in modern times.
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After his true identity is revealed, the Great Tengu says he will “hand down the secret of the art of war” to Ushiwakamaru. The Great Tengu instructs the menial
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include invisibility, shapeshifting, flight, and the ability to tell the future. Sōjōbō is portrayed as having a reputation for being more powerful than other
523:
being portrayed as bad to distinctions made "between good and bad tengu". Foster says that in variations of the legend of Sōjōbō and the young Yoshitsune, the
1248:
say that they will never succeed without the aid of Sōjōbō and that the Handcart Priest must be remarkable if he was able to wound "the likes of our Sōjōbō".
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that Ushiwakamaru will defeat his enemies and avenge his father. He then promises to protect Ushiwakamaru before disappearing into the trees of Mount Kurama.
3337:
500:. It involves the disappearance of a child, usually a boy, followed by their return at a new and strange location and in a seemingly altered state. Cases of
406:
Sōjōbō is known for his relationship with the Japanese warrior Minamoto no Yoshitsune in legend. After Yoshitsune's father was killed in a battle with the
826:
1367:
Sōjōbō is also depicted with a similar appearance to other types of supernatural entities. After looking at a drawing of Yoshitsune with a long-nosed
1213:
is a genre of Japanese fiction that was prominent in the fourteenth century and up to seventeenth century. Sōjōbō also independently features in an
1123:
is a genre of traditional Japanese theatre. Shinko Kagaya and Hiroko Miura say Noh is comparable to opera because of its focus on dance and music.
2746:
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chieftains include "Tarōbō of Mount Atago, Jirōbō of Mount Hira, Saburōbō of Mount Kōya, Shirōbo of Mount Nachi, and Buzenbō of Mount Kannokura".
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are often said to be involved. Michael Foster says that the legend of the young Yoshitsune's interaction with the tengu "fits the pattern" of a
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dedicated to Ushiwaka and Sōjōbō. Brinkley says that it was common for the people attending to festival to know the history surrounding each
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can be characterised in a number of ways, such as "… a weird or mysterious creature, a monster or fantastic being, a spirit or a sprit"
1423:
and are carried down the streets in a procession as part of the festival's celebrations. At the festival of Sanno in Tokyo, there is a
2739:
558:, and Sōjōbō specifically, as sympathetic to the young Yoshitsune and his desire to avenge his father, is also shown in the Noh play
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484:. According to the text, when evening approaches "there is a loud crying of spirits" and whoever visits the valley is seized by the
1313:
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includes formal robes, square-toed shoes, a sword, a scroll, a fan, and a distinctive headdress. The distinctive headdress worn by
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it is said that the training young Yoshitsune received "was the reason why he could run and jump beyond the limits of human power"
2694:
Entry from an online database featuring information and original illustrations of the Japanese legendary creatures known as yōkai.
1256:
The legendary relationship between Sōjōbō as instructor and the young Yoshitsune as student serves as the basis of many Japanese
3366:
1044:
410:, the young Yoshitsune was sent to a temple on Mount Kurama. On Mount Kurama, Yoshitsune met Sōjōbō and was trained by him in
2836:
2304:
2281:
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from bird-like to more human-like, “nothing bird-like” was left except for "the fan of feathers with which it fans itself".
595:, which are a type of nonhuman creature in Japanese folklore and mythology with supernatural characteristics and abilities.
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are portrayed as benevolent and helpful as they attempt to help the young Yoshitsune defeat the clan who killed his father.
682:"becomes a large and enormously long human nose, and the whole creature is conceived as human". There is no mention of the
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often performed various practises in the mountains to try and attain supernatural abilities. According to folk belief,
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had a reputation for dwelling in the mountains. Yves Bonnefoy suggests that this contributed to the folk belief that
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In addition to role of chieftain of Mount Kurama, Sōjōbō is considered to be the chieftain or king of all the other
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or "long-nosed tengu". As he is described as having a primarily human form, Sōjōbō belongs to the sub-category
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or Bishop's valley is described as being the location of a once popular temple that is now deserted except for
3643:
2811:
750:. As such, Sōjōbō is often described or depicted with these items and wearing these clothes. The dress of the
702:
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were thought to be able to spiritually possess human beings, similar to foxes. Other abilities attributed to
3542:
3042:
414:. Yoshitsune became a highly skilled warrior as a result of Sōjōbō's training. For example, in the war epic
2398:
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were thought to be "a mountain demon" that caused trouble in the human world. In stories from this period,
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Things Japanese: Being notes on various subjects connected with Japan for the use of travellers and others
257:
means Bishop's valley or Bishop's vale. The name of this valley is derived from the ascetic Sōjō Ichiyen.
184:
137:, legendary creatures thought to inhabit the mountains and forests of Japan. Sōjōbō is a specific type of
2725:
2504:
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are depicted wearing religious clothing and accessories, especially the clothing and accessories of the
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Photograph of a float depicting Sōjōbō and Ushiwakamaru at a traditional Japanese festival called the
1175:
is performance, but the texts associated with the performances are also significant to the genre. The
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live in “brilliant palaces” and Sōjōbō or the "Great Tengu" was "the Lord of such a palace". Sōjōbō's
5573:
3118:
2715:
1454:, a series of stories about a covert warrior who assumes the titular title as his vigilante persona.
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having long noses in Japanese tales until after the second half of the fourteenth century. While the
253:
associated with the Shugenja. It is in this valley that Ushiwaka-maru trained with Sōjōbō in legend.
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characters who are described as menial and are given orders by Sōjōbō or the Great Tengu character.
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mountain, and appear in different forms of Japanese art. Kimbrough says that in one version of the
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are linked with specific mountains in Japan and are considered to be the chieftains of the other
196:
104:
5021:
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Kagaya, Shinko; Miura, Hiroko (August 2016). "Noh and Muromachi Culture". In Salz, Jonah (ed.).
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The Heart of the Warrior: Origins and Religious Background of the Samurai System in Feudal Japan
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clan can be seen by the behaviour and depiction of the different characters. Numerous smaller
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is a term that can describe a range of different supernatural beings. According to Foster, a
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have become a common subject in different forms Japanese media including film, video games,
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in Japan. He is extremely powerful, and one legend says he has the strength of 1,000 normal
3910:
735:. For example, in one legend Sōjōbō appears to be a giant from the perspective of a human.
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889:. The higher rank of the daitengu is also shown by the hierarchical structure on the
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were often depicted as being in a hierarchical relationship to one another, with the
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Salz, Jonah (February 2016). "Traditional Japanese theatre". In Liu, Siyuan (ed.).
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that are given personal names and recognised as individual personalities. The name
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Monsters, Animals, and Other Worlds: A Collection of Short Medieval Japanese Tales
1096:
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No. 2: Ushiwakamaru Learns Swordsplay from the Tengu at Sojogatani on Mount Kurama
1032:
2508:
2412:. Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan. Tokyo: Asiatic Society of Japan.
988:. In the story, the figure of Sōjōbō is called Great Tengu. He orders one of his
900:
of both types are thought to inhabit mountainous areas in Japan. Some individual
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The Watanabe Art Museum Samurai Armour Collection: Volume I ~ Kabuto & Mengu
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An example from the literary arts of the legend of Sōjōbō and Yoshitsune is the
580:
Shows the physical differences between the single figure of the more human-like
317:
2464:
2389:
450:'s reputation for causing trouble, Sōjōbō is portrayed as a benevolent figure.
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headdress. Other notable features depicted are his long nose and feather fan.
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involves the kidnapping of human beings by a supernatural entity, such as a
296:
146:
17:
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4221:
4140:
3820:
1330:, Zegaibō of China and Tarōbō of Mount Atago. Like Sōjōbō, these tengu are
2625:
2556:
2547:
Kimbrough, R. Keller (2016). "Tengu". In Weinstock, Jeffrey Andrew (ed.).
2254:
1260:. Many of these works were created by artists known for their work in the
1078:.1832/34. 24 x 35.9 cm. Colour woodblock. Clarence Buckingham Collection,
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features an interpretation of the legend about Sōjōbō and Yoshitsune. Noh
331:
1140:
MOUNTAIN PRIEST. There is nothing to hide now, I am the Great Tengu of
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from other areas as well. This demonstrates his authority over both the
183:
Sōjōbō is perhaps best known for the legend of his teaching the warrior
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3989:
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2883:
2878:
2352:
Shinto Shrines: A Guide to the Sacred Sites of Japan's Ancient Religion
1261:
472:
371:, for example, features a character named Great Tengu of Mount Kurama.
222:
are referred to impersonally. Sōjōbō is an exception and is one of the
187:(then known by his childhood name Ushiwaka-maru or Shanao) the arts of
1003:
Sōjōbō is specifically associated with a place on Mount Kurama called
519:
In the fourteenth century, de Visser says, there is a change from all
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2599:
Tengu: The Shamanic and Esoteric Origins of the Japanese Martial Arts
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in Japan. On Mount Kurama there is a famous shrine and temple called
150:
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Mount Kurama, who has lived in this mountain for hundreds of years.
1134:
USHIWAKAMURU. By the way, you, the gentleman who comforts me, who
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Bann, Jenny (2016). "Troll". In Weinstock, Jeffrey Andrew (ed.).
1019:. A character in this story, Minamoto no Yoshitsune, reaches the
294:, also means "Buddhist priest" but is also commonly used to mean
5365:
4868:
3082:
2495:
Kimbrough, R. Keller (2012). "The Tale of the Handcart Priest".
1400:
1244:
wounded by the Handcart Priest and "may not survive". The other
778:
Similarly, Davis says that in the development of the concept of
538:
being portrayed in a more benevolent way. After the subordinate
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2112:
2110:
2079:
2077:
948:
Sōjōbō and his large feather fan, which signifies his high rank
4731:
4623:
3239:
1092:
1040:
that shows the elaborate costume of the Great Tengu character.
364:
330:
incorporates elements of many religious traditions, including
2691:
2503:(2). Nagoya: Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture: 1–7.
2370:
670:
represent a later stage in the development of the concept of
2438:
The Book of Yokai: Mysterious Creatures of Japanese folklore
1434:
The influence of Sōjōbō is also present in popular culture.
1228:, a young Yoshitsune seeks out and visits the palace of the
2549:
The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters
2457:
Japanese Fairy World: Stories from the Wonder-Lore of Japan
2247:
The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters
1167:
is also featured in another genre of Japanese drama called
30:
This article is about Sōjōbō. For Kurama Tengu (film), see
1379:"has many characteristics in common with the Scandinavian
1053:
The king of the Tengus teaching martial arts to Yoshitsune
2574:
Kimbrough, Keller; Shirane, Haruo, eds. (February 2018).
984:
in Japan. This authority is also shown in a story called
964:. In the play, the Great Tengu lists his large number of
454:
In the tenth and eleventh centuries, de Visser says that
2375:(5th, revised ed.). London: Kelly & Walsh, Ltd.
1395:, dwells in mountains and forests. Secondly, Sōjōbō and
1163:
The legend of Yoshitsune learning martial arts from the
1326:
Related figures to Sōjōbō include the other two famous
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society. Bonnefoy says that the feather fan carried by
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4302:
4293:
4284:
4275:
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4248:
4237:
4228:
4219:
4210:
4201:
4192:
4183:
4174:
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4147:
4138:
4129:
4120:
4111:
4102:
4093:
4077:
4068:
4059:
4050:
4041:
4032:
4023:
4014:
4005:
3996:
3987:
3978:
3969:
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3951:
3935:
3926:
3917:
3908:
3899:
3890:
3881:
3872:
3863:
3854:
3845:
3836:
3827:
3818:
3809:
3800:
3791:
3782:
3773:
3764:
3755:
3746:
3737:
3728:
3719:
3710:
3701:
3692:
3683:
3659:
3650:
3641:
3621:
3612:
3603:
3594:
3585:
3576:
3567:
3558:
3549:
3540:
3531:
3522:
3513:
3504:
3495:
3486:
3477:
3468:
3459:
3450:
3441:
3432:
3423:
3414:
3405:
2698:
Kurama-tengu (Long-nosed Goblin in Kurama): PhotoStory
2318:. Oriental series. Vol. 6. J. B. Millet Company.
2331:
Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2017).
1415:
One modern legacy of Sōjōbō is his representation in
624:
with the primary form of a bird and second there are
2403:. Vol. 1. Yokohama: James Seguin de Benneville.
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
1183:. This work has a similar plot to the literary work
5520:
3672:
3634:
3396:
3268:
3215:
3162:
3134:
3091:
3035:
3009:
2975:
2936:
2902:
2844:
2769:
2091:
2089:
2008:
2006:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
996:chieftains of other mountains on his behalf. These
794:is a reputation for having supernatural abilities.
774:may signify the original bird-like features of the
731:are described as being larger in overall size than
89:
81:
73:
63:
53:
2040:
2038:
956:mountains in Japan. Sōjōbō's role as king of the
873:in rank. Foster says that the different types of
270:. The first two characters of Sōjōbō's name,sōjō
2700:Photographs from a performance of the Noh play
1978:
1976:
1918:
1916:
1897:
1895:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1761:
1759:
1731:
1729:
1631:
1629:
1132:
1116:
790:Another characteristic that Sōjōbō shares with
632:of the first sub-category are generally called
548:
462:were portrayed as enemies of Buddhism. Later,
379:
1966:
1964:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1399:in general are depicted in a similar way to a
1110:
616:There are two main sub-categories or types of
350:were identical or at least closely connected.
323:
309:
287:
273:
265:
3374:
2747:
2350:Cali, Joseph; Dougill, John (November 2012).
2291:Bonnefoy, Yves; Doniger, Wendy, eds. (1993).
2160:
2158:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1835:
1833:
1814:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
802:had the abilities of flight and invisibility
644:. The second sub-category of tengu is called
488:and tortured. A similar phenomenon is called
8:
2652:"Kurama-tengu (Long-nosed Goblin in Kurama)"
2518:The Cambridge History of Japanese Literature
1542:
1540:
1538:
476:, a text concerning the life of Yoshitsune,
77:King of the tengu, Kurama tengu, Great tengu
37:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1235:Sōjōbō is not the protagonist of the story
432:Tengu § Protective spirits and deities
3381:
3367:
3359:
2754:
2740:
2732:
1149:Kurama-tengu (Long-nosed Goblin in Kurama)
1055:. 1886. 35.5 × 46.7 cm. Colour woodblock.
885:who are "portrayed as lieutenants" to the
599:are also considered well-known example of
530:Foster quotes dialogue from a work called
428:Tengu § Evil spirits and angry ghosts
328:, "way of cultivating supernatural power")
2196:Absolon, Trevor; Thatcher, David (2011).
992:servants to send a message to summon the
2459:. Schenectady, New York: J. H. Barhyte.
1446:. One early example is the novel series
1226:Tengu no dairi (The Palace of the Tengu)
1207:Tengu no dairi (The Palace of the Tengu)
1185:Tengu no dairi (The Palace of the Tengu)
446:Despite his fearsome appearance and the
314:, "those who lie down in the mountains")
234:, which dates back to the middle of the
2384:. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company.
2316:Japan, Its History, Arts and Literature
1516:
628:that have the primary form of a human.
2436:Foster, Michael Dylan (January 2015).
1391:is a legendary monster that, like the
738:One characteristic that both types of
690:or bird type of tengu came first, the
36:
2497:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
1264:genre. Some of these artists include
1024:palace contains "hundreds of tengu".
124:
7:
2710:Part of a digital exhibition called
2397:de Benneville, James Seguin (1910).
2333:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
2116:Kimbrough (Routledge, 2016), p. 531.
2104:Kimbrough (Routledge, 2016), p. 530.
2083:Kimbrough (Cambridge, 2016), p. 358.
2071:Kimbrough (Cambridge, 2016), p. 359.
2062:Kimbrough (Cambridge, 2016), p. 362.
1348:Tarōbō is described as the greatest
1179:work featuring the legend is called
416:Heiji monogatari (The Tale of Heiji)
131:is the mythical king and god of the
2618:Routledge Handbook of Asian Theatre
1137:are you? Please give me your name.
840:). The hierarchical structure of a
572:Tengu § Great and small demons
381:Now is the time, to show the world
2440:. University of California Press.
980:on Mount Kurama and all the other
814:or being a "match for a thousand"
674:in Japan. According to de Visser,
282:"Buddhist high priest" in Japanese
249:, the valley at Mount Kurama near
25:
1239:but is mentioned when a group of
1181:Miraiki (Chronicle of the Future)
532:Miraiki (Chronicle of the Future)
2835:
2830:
2722:Ushiwakamaru and the Giant Tengu
2455:Griffis, William Elliot (1880).
2369:Chamberlain, Basil Hall (1905).
1464:
1312:
1300:
960:is demonstrated in the Noh play
2597:Knutsen, Ronald (August 2011).
2354:. University of Hawai'i Press.
1237:The Tale of the Handcart Priest
1219:The Tale of the Handcart Priest
742:share is their style of dress.
706:Sōjōbō wearing clothing of the
534:to demonstrate the idea of the
387:that for many months and years
2428:Japanese Plays and Playfellows
2335:. Princeton University Press.
2227:Handbook of Japanese Mythology
1:
2474:A History of Japanese Theatre
2314:Brinkley, Captain F. (1910).
2032:Kimbrough and Shirane (2018).
1356:, Tarōbō is described as the
1015:palace features in the story
968:servants, which are not just
925:is exhibited in the Noh play
172:in addition to all the other
2382:Myths & Legends of Japan
2272:Blomberg, Catharina (1994).
1057:National Gallery of Victoria
881:"flanked by a posse" of the
390:upon the Mountain of Kurama
264:is composed of three kanji:
230:originated in a text called
145:and has the appearance of a
5508:
5499:
5490:
5481:
5472:
5463:
5454:
5445:
5436:
5427:
5418:
5409:
5400:
5391:
5382:
5373:
5364:
5355:
5346:
5337:
5328:
5319:
5310:
5301:
5292:
5281:
5272:
5263:
5254:
5245:
5236:
5227:
5218:
5209:
5200:
5191:
5182:
5173:
5164:
5155:
5146:
5137:
5128:
5119:
5108:
5099:
5090:
5081:
5072:
5063:
5054:
5045:
5036:
5020:
5011:
5002:
4993:
4984:
4975:
4966:
4957:
4948:
4939:
4930:
4921:
4912:
4903:
4894:
4885:
4876:
4867:
4858:
4849:
4840:
4831:
4822:
4813:
4804:
4795:
4786:
4775:
4766:
4757:
4748:
4739:
4730:
4721:
4712:
4703:
4694:
4685:
4676:
4667:
4658:
4649:
4640:
4631:
4622:
4613:
4604:
4595:
4586:
4577:
4568:
4559:
4550:
4541:
4532:
4523:
4514:
4503:
4494:
4485:
4476:
4467:
4458:
4449:
4440:
4431:
4422:
4413:
4404:
4395:
4386:
4377:
4368:
4359:
4348:
4339:
4330:
4321:
4312:
4303:
4294:
4285:
4276:
4267:
4258:
4249:
4238:
4229:
4220:
4211:
4202:
4193:
4184:
4175:
4166:
4157:
4148:
4139:
4130:
4121:
4112:
4103:
4094:
4078:
4069:
4060:
4051:
4042:
4033:
4024:
4015:
4006:
3997:
3988:
3979:
3970:
3961:
3952:
3936:
3927:
3918:
3909:
3900:
3891:
3882:
3873:
3864:
3855:
3846:
3837:
3828:
3819:
3810:
3801:
3792:
3783:
3774:
3765:
3756:
3747:
3738:
3729:
3720:
3711:
3702:
3693:
3684:
3660:
3651:
3642:
3622:
3613:
3604:
3595:
3586:
3577:
3568:
3559:
3550:
3541:
3532:
3523:
3514:
3505:
3496:
3487:
3478:
3469:
3460:
3451:
3442:
3433:
3424:
3415:
3406:
2297:University of Chicago Press
2224:Ashkenazi, Michael (2003).
1709:"Kuramatengu", The-NOH.com.
1505:Woodblock printing in Japan
1117:
848:act as subordinates to the
5600:
2828:
2522:Cambridge University Press
2478:Cambridge University Press
2380:Davis, F. Hadland (1912).
1194:
1090:
1036:Depiction of a scene from
569:
435:
425:
164:. He rules over the other
160:Sōjōbō is said to live on
29:
3323:
2580:Columbia University Press
2408:de Visser, M. W. (1908).
2012:Cali and Dougill, p. 124.
1723:Cali and Dougill, p. 125.
1111:
929:. In the play, there are
832:A short animation called
438:Tengu § Martial arts
324:
310:
288:
274:
266:
117:
42:
2672:
2530:10.1017/CHO9781139245869
2044:Kagaya and Miura, p. 24.
1600:Buswell et al., p. 1019.
1080:Art Institute of Chicago
3043:Ashihara no Nakatsukuni
2425:Edwards, Osman (1901).
2418:2027/coo.31924066003868
2324:2027/nyp.33433082124169
2095:Kimbrough (2012), p. 5.
2000:Kimbrough (2012), p. 4.
1609:Buswell et al., p. 812.
1403:or Shinto deity called
1121:, "skills or artistry")
1017:The Palace of the Tengu
986:The Palace of the Tengu
636:but can also be called
584:and group of bird-like
5110:Yashima no Hage-tanuki
3136:Major Buddhist figures
3036:Mythological locations
2846:Japanese creation myth
2431:. New York: John Lane.
1582:de Benneville, p. 273.
1352:in Japan. In the text
1171:. The main element of
1153:
1083:
1064:
1041:
972:from Mount Kurama but
949:
857:Mount Kurama chieftain
853:
786:Supernatural abilities
715:
588:
552:
451:
395:
316:are ascetics from the
260:In Japanese, the name
215:
214:statue at Mount Kurama
185:Minamoto no Yoshitsune
149:, a Japanese mountain
48:
3644:Konjaku Monogatarishū
2812:Konjaku Monogatarishū
2726:Aomori Nebuta Matsuri
2670:Digitised Manuscripts
2667:unknown (1560–1600).
2626:10.4324/9781315641058
2557:10.4324/9781315612690
2255:10.4324/9781315612690
1495:Japanese martial arts
1385:Scandinavian folklore
1070:
1047:
1035:
947:
831:
705:
579:
554:The portrayal of the
504:can be caused by any
445:
436:Further information:
284:. The final kanji, bō
210:
47:
3676:in Japanese Folklore
3674:Legendary Creatures
3092:Mythological weapons
2716:University of Oregon
2680:] (in Japanese).
2524:. pp. 355–370.
1910:Chamberlain, p. 443.
762:. A common style of
3662:Uji Shūi Monogatari
3561:Taketori Monogatari
3217:Legendary creatures
3104:Kusanagi no Tsurugi
2996:Konohanasakuya-hime
2601:. Global Oriental.
1266:Tsukioka Yoshitoshi
1049:Tsukioka Yoshitoshi
869:is superior to the
719:Physical appearance
620:. First, there are
320:tradition. Shugendō
236:Edo period in Japan
126:[soːʑoːboː]
58:Legendary creatures
39:
32:Kurama Tengu (film)
3348:Glossary of Shinto
3343:Japanese religions
3109:Totsuka-no-Tsurugi
2864:Ame-no-Minakanushi
2763:Japanese mythology
2465:2027/uc1.$ b292831
2390:2027/uc1.$ b233536
2152:Ashkenazi, p. 245.
1635:Ashkenazi, p. 271.
1417:Japanese festivals
1334:, chieftains of a
1087:In performing arts
1084:
1065:
1042:
950:
854:
716:
589:
452:
384:those arts of war
216:
49:
5556:
5555:
5083:Danzaburou-danuki
3588:Tsuru no Ongaeshi
3552:Shita-kiri Suzume
3408:Awa Tanuki Gassen
3390:Japanese folklore
3356:
3355:
3281:Ryukyuan religion
2293:Asian Mythologies
2209:978-0-9867615-0-8
2125:de Visser, p. 53.
1991:Bonnefoy, p. 287.
1982:Bonnefoy, p. 285.
1922:de Visser, p. 95.
1901:de Visser, p. 44.
1827:de Visser, p. 93.
1788:de Visser, p. 48.
1774:de Visser, p. 67.
1765:de Visser, p. 43.
1753:de Visser, p. 47.
1735:Ashkenazi, p. 97.
1623:Bonnefoy, p. 286.
1591:de Visser, p. 82.
1532:Ashkenazi, p. 56.
1480:Buddhism in Japan
1431:and its subject.
1278:Utagawa Kuniyoshi
1270:Utagawa Hiroshige
1072:Utagawa Hiroshige
829:
546:. Then they say:
393:I have rehearsed
101:Japanese folklore
97:
96:
16:(Redirected from
5591:
5513:
5504:
5495:
5486:
5477:
5468:
5459:
5450:
5441:
5432:
5423:
5414:
5405:
5396:
5387:
5378:
5369:
5360:
5351:
5342:
5333:
5324:
5315:
5306:
5297:
5286:
5277:
5268:
5259:
5250:
5241:
5232:
5223:
5214:
5205:
5196:
5187:
5178:
5169:
5160:
5151:
5142:
5133:
5124:
5113:
5104:
5101:Shibaemon-tanuki
5095:
5086:
5077:
5068:
5059:
5050:
5041:
5032:
5030:
5016:
5007:
4998:
4989:
4980:
4971:
4962:
4953:
4944:
4935:
4926:
4917:
4908:
4899:
4890:
4881:
4872:
4863:
4854:
4845:
4836:
4827:
4818:
4809:
4800:
4791:
4780:
4771:
4762:
4753:
4744:
4735:
4726:
4717:
4708:
4699:
4690:
4681:
4672:
4663:
4654:
4645:
4636:
4627:
4618:
4609:
4600:
4591:
4582:
4573:
4564:
4555:
4546:
4537:
4528:
4519:
4508:
4499:
4490:
4481:
4472:
4463:
4454:
4445:
4436:
4427:
4418:
4409:
4400:
4391:
4382:
4373:
4364:
4353:
4344:
4335:
4326:
4317:
4308:
4299:
4290:
4281:
4272:
4263:
4254:
4243:
4234:
4225:
4216:
4207:
4198:
4189:
4180:
4171:
4162:
4153:
4144:
4135:
4126:
4117:
4108:
4099:
4090:
4088:
4074:
4065:
4056:
4047:
4038:
4029:
4020:
4011:
4002:
3993:
3984:
3975:
3966:
3957:
3948:
3946:
3932:
3923:
3914:
3905:
3896:
3887:
3878:
3869:
3860:
3851:
3842:
3833:
3824:
3815:
3806:
3797:
3788:
3779:
3770:
3761:
3752:
3743:
3734:
3725:
3716:
3707:
3698:
3689:
3665:
3656:
3647:
3627:
3618:
3615:Yamata no Orochi
3609:
3600:
3591:
3582:
3573:
3564:
3555:
3546:
3543:Saru Kani Gassen
3537:
3528:
3519:
3510:
3501:
3492:
3483:
3474:
3471:Kachi-kachi Yama
3465:
3456:
3447:
3438:
3429:
3420:
3411:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3360:
3333:Japanese deities
3313:Hasinaw-uk-kamuy
3164:Seven Lucky Gods
3127:
2947:Yamata no Orochi
2839:
2834:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2733:
2681:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2647:
2612:
2593:
2570:
2543:
2512:
2491:
2468:
2451:
2432:
2421:
2404:
2393:
2376:
2365:
2346:
2327:
2310:
2287:
2268:
2241:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2153:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2135:
2134:Edwards, p. 154.
2132:
2126:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2084:
2081:
2072:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2033:
2030:
2013:
2010:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1971:
1970:Knutsen, p. 113.
1968:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1949:Griffis, p. 113.
1947:
1941:
1938:
1932:
1931:Knutsen, p. 128.
1929:
1923:
1920:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1890:
1887:
1874:
1871:
1858:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1807:
1804:
1789:
1786:
1775:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1724:
1721:
1710:
1707:
1686:
1685:Blomberg, p. 35.
1683:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1636:
1633:
1624:
1621:
1610:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1565:
1564:Knutsen, p. 114.
1562:
1547:
1544:
1533:
1530:
1500:Sacred mountains
1474:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1341:Heike monogatari
1316:
1304:
1282:Utagawa Kunisada
1258:woodblock prints
1191:In literary arts
1151:
1122:
1120:
1114:
1113:
830:
710:, including the
402:
398:— Miyamasu,
329:
327:
326:
315:
313:
312:
293:
291:
290:
279:
277:
276:
269:
268:
245:originates from
130:
128:
123:
119:
40:
21:
5599:
5598:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5516:
5510:Zashiki-warashi
5024:
4768:Rashōmon no oni
4114:Hitotsume-nyūdō
4082:
3940:
3675:
3668:
3630:
3498:Kobutori Jiisan
3444:Hanasaka Jiisan
3417:Bunbuku Chagama
3392:
3387:
3357:
3352:
3319:
3264:
3211:
3158:
3154:Five Tathagatas
3130:
3121:
3119:Futsu-no-mitama
3087:
3031:
3027:Kesshi Hachidai
3005:
2971:
2932:
2898:
2840:
2826:
2765:
2760:
2712:Yōkai Senjafuda
2688:
2674:
2666:
2657:
2655:
2650:
2636:
2615:
2609:
2596:
2590:
2573:
2567:
2546:
2540:
2515:
2494:
2488:
2471:
2454:
2448:
2435:
2424:
2407:
2396:
2379:
2368:
2362:
2349:
2343:
2330:
2313:
2307:
2290:
2284:
2271:
2265:
2244:
2238:
2223:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2182:Brinkley, p. 6.
2181:
2177:
2173:Brinkley, p. 5.
2172:
2168:
2164:Brinkley, p. 3.
2163:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2036:
2031:
2016:
2011:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1940:Absolon, p. 98.
1939:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1893:
1889:Knutsen, p. 10.
1888:
1877:
1873:Foster, p. 131.
1872:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:Foster, p. 130.
1847:
1843:
1839:Foster, p. 134.
1838:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:Foster, p. 137.
1817:
1810:
1806:Foster, p. 135.
1805:
1792:
1787:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1713:
1708:
1689:
1684:
1667:
1663:(ca.1560–1600).
1659:
1655:
1650:
1639:
1634:
1627:
1622:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1568:
1563:
1550:
1546:Knutsen, p. 95.
1545:
1536:
1531:
1518:
1513:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1413:
1354:Gempei Seisuiki
1324:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1294:
1292:Related figures
1274:Kawanabe Kyōsai
1254:
1199:
1193:
1152:
1147:
1108:
1099:
1091:Main articles:
1089:
1030:
942:
865:subcategory of
859:
838:The Stolen Lump
822:
820:
788:
721:
700:
698:Characteristics
660:
574:
568:
440:
434:
426:Main articles:
424:
404:
397:
377:
356:
321:
307:
285:
271:
205:
121:
111:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5597:
5595:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5561:
5560:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5545:
5543:Shigeru Mizuki
5540:
5538:Lafcadio Hearn
5535:
5530:
5528:Kunio Yanagita
5524:
5522:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5505:
5496:
5492:Yume no seirei
5487:
5478:
5469:
5460:
5451:
5442:
5433:
5424:
5415:
5406:
5397:
5388:
5379:
5370:
5361:
5352:
5343:
5334:
5325:
5316:
5312:Tsurube-otoshi
5307:
5298:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5278:
5269:
5265:Koto-furunushi
5260:
5251:
5242:
5233:
5224:
5215:
5206:
5188:
5179:
5170:
5161:
5152:
5143:
5134:
5125:
5116:
5115:
5114:
5105:
5096:
5087:
5078:
5074:Tanuki-bayashi
5060:
5051:
5042:
5033:
5017:
5008:
4999:
4990:
4981:
4972:
4963:
4954:
4945:
4936:
4927:
4918:
4909:
4900:
4891:
4882:
4873:
4864:
4855:
4846:
4837:
4828:
4819:
4810:
4801:
4792:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4772:
4763:
4754:
4745:
4727:
4718:
4709:
4700:
4691:
4682:
4673:
4664:
4655:
4646:
4637:
4628:
4619:
4610:
4601:
4592:
4583:
4574:
4565:
4556:
4547:
4538:
4529:
4520:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4491:
4482:
4473:
4464:
4455:
4446:
4437:
4428:
4424:Kuchisake-onna
4419:
4410:
4401:
4392:
4383:
4374:
4365:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4336:
4327:
4318:
4309:
4300:
4291:
4282:
4273:
4264:
4255:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4235:
4217:
4208:
4199:
4190:
4181:
4172:
4163:
4154:
4145:
4136:
4127:
4118:
4109:
4105:Hitotsume-kozō
4100:
4091:
4075:
4066:
4057:
4048:
4039:
4030:
4021:
4012:
4003:
3999:Futakuchi-onna
3994:
3985:
3976:
3967:
3958:
3949:
3933:
3924:
3915:
3906:
3897:
3888:
3879:
3870:
3861:
3852:
3848:Ashinagatenaga
3843:
3834:
3825:
3816:
3807:
3798:
3789:
3780:
3771:
3762:
3753:
3744:
3735:
3726:
3717:
3708:
3699:
3690:
3680:
3678:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3657:
3648:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3624:Yotsuya Kaidan
3619:
3610:
3601:
3592:
3583:
3574:
3565:
3556:
3547:
3538:
3529:
3525:Nezumi no Sumō
3520:
3511:
3502:
3493:
3484:
3475:
3466:
3457:
3448:
3439:
3430:
3421:
3412:
3402:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3363:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3338:Sacred objects
3335:
3330:
3328:Shinto deities
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3298:Ainu mythology
3295:
3294:
3293:
3291:Tenson dynasty
3288:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3221:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3116:
3114:Ame-no-ohabari
3111:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3078:Tokoyo no kuni
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3053:Onogoro Island
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2866:
2861:
2854:Kotoamatsukami
2850:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2802:Hotsuma Tsutae
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2719:
2705:
2695:
2687:
2686:External links
2684:
2683:
2682:
2678:Tengu no Dairi
2664:
2648:
2634:
2613:
2607:
2594:
2588:
2571:
2565:
2544:
2538:
2513:
2492:
2486:
2469:
2452:
2446:
2433:
2422:
2405:
2394:
2377:
2366:
2360:
2347:
2341:
2328:
2311:
2305:
2288:
2282:
2269:
2263:
2242:
2236:
2221:
2208:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2175:
2166:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2106:
2097:
2085:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2034:
2014:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1972:
1960:
1958:Davis, p. 352.
1951:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1912:
1903:
1891:
1875:
1859:
1857:Foster, p. 24.
1850:
1841:
1829:
1820:
1808:
1790:
1776:
1767:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1725:
1711:
1687:
1665:
1661:Tengu no Dairi
1653:
1637:
1625:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1566:
1548:
1534:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1459:
1456:
1412:
1409:
1375:says that the
1318:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1253:
1252:In visual arts
1250:
1195:Main article:
1192:
1189:
1145:
1088:
1085:
1029:
1026:
941:
935:
858:
855:
819:
816:
787:
784:
720:
717:
699:
696:
666:or long nosed
659:
654:
570:Main article:
567:
566:Classification
564:
423:
420:
378:
376:
373:
355:
352:
204:
201:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5596:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5569:Japanese gods
5567:
5566:
5564:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5238:Chōchin'obake
5234:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5220:Biwa-bokuboku
5216:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5092:Inugami Gyōbu
5088:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4496:Mikoshi-nyūdō
4492:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3920:Daidarabotchi
3916:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3785:Amazake-babaa
3781:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3742:
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3736:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3695:Abura-sumashi
3691:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3671:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3633:
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2654:. the-NOH.com
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2620:. Routledge.
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2608:9781906876227
2604:
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2551:. Routledge.
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1373:Osman Edwards
1370:
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232:Tengu Meigikō
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74:Other name(s)
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
46:
41:
33:
19:
5294:Tsurara-onna
5037:
4797:Onihitokuchi
4750:Kijo/Onibaba
4741:Ibaraki-dōji
4433:Kuda-gitsune
4096:Hito-gitsune
3453:Hyakki Yagyō
3144:Amida Nyorai
3073:Takamagahara
3048:Ama-no-Iwato
2986:Tenson kōrin
2967:Takeminakata
2928:Ame-no-Uzume
2904:Takamagahara
2873:Kamiyonanayo
2807:Nihon Ryōiki
2770:Mythic texts
2711:
2702:Kurama-tengu
2701:
2677:
2669:
2658:September 1,
2656:. Retrieved
2617:
2598:
2575:
2548:
2517:
2500:
2496:
2473:
2456:
2437:
2427:
2409:
2399:
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2371:
2351:
2332:
2315:
2292:
2273:
2246:
2230:. ABC-CLIO.
2226:
2215:September 1,
2213:. Retrieved
2198:
2178:
2169:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2121:
2100:
2067:
2058:
2053:Salz, p. 51.
2049:
1996:
1987:
1954:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1906:
1853:
1844:
1823:
1770:
1749:
1740:
1660:
1656:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1490:Kiichi Hōgen
1472:Japan portal
1452:Jiro Osaragi
1450:authored by
1448:Kurama Tengu
1447:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1396:
1392:
1380:
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1349:
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1325:
1286:Keisai Eisen
1255:
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1156:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1128:Kurama-Tengu
1127:
1125:
1104:Kurama-Tengu
1103:
1100:
1075:
1052:
1038:Kurama-tengu
1037:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1002:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
962:Kurama-Tengu
961:
957:
953:
951:
938:
937:King of the
930:
927:Kurama-Tengu
926:
922:
919:
914:
905:
901:
897:
896:In general,
895:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
860:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
789:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
758:is called a
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
737:
732:
728:
724:
722:
711:
707:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
661:
656:
649:
645:
641:
638:karasu tengu
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
615:
610:
606:
601:
596:
592:
591:Sōjōbō is a
590:
585:
581:
560:Kurama-tengu
559:
555:
553:
549:
543:
539:
535:
531:
529:
524:
520:
518:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
471:
469:
463:
459:
455:
453:
447:
415:
412:martial arts
405:
399:
396:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
369:Kurama-Tengu
368:
360:
357:
347:
343:
339:
335:
304:
302:
295:
261:
259:
254:
246:
242:
240:
231:
227:
223:
219:
217:
211:
182:
177:
173:
170:Mount Kurama
165:
162:Mount Kurama
159:
154:
142:
138:
132:
108:
98:
93:Mount Kurama
64:Sub grouping
18:Kurama Tengu
5574:Shinto kami
5548:Inoue Enryō
5521:Folklorists
5247:Ittan-momen
5229:Boroboroton
5202:Abumi-guchi
5193:Tsukumogami
5025: [
4842:Osakabehime
4777:Shuten-dōji
4687:Oboroguruma
4534:Mokumokuren
4505:Miage-nyūdō
4388:Konaki-jiji
4168:Ishinagenjo
4083: [
4017:Gashadokuro
3941: [
3875:Bake-kujira
3794:Amefurikozō
3686:Abura-akago
3653:Otogi-zōshi
3579:Tawara Tōda
3462:Issun-bōshi
3426:Hachikazuki
3177:Bishamonten
3122: [
3099:Amenonuhoko
3068:Sanzu River
3022:Tagishimimi
2962:Kuni-yuzuri
2782:Nihon Shoki
2190:Works cited
1215:otogi-zōshi
1211:Otogi-zōshi
1203:otogi-zōshi
1197:Otogi-zōshi
1028:Appearances
893:mountains.
516:kidnapping
514:kamikakushi
502:kamikakushi
494:Kamikakushi
490:kamikakushi
354:Other names
27:Tengu chief
5563:Categories
5533:Keigo Seki
5256:Kasa-obake
5184:Tsuchinoko
5175:Tsuchigumo
5047:Sunekosuri
5022:Shussebora
4941:Shidaidaka
4932:Shachihoko
4887:Rokurokubi
4833:Ootakemaru
4669:Nyūdō-bōzu
4642:Nurarihyon
4615:Noppera-bō
4487:Mikaribaba
4406:Koromodako
4278:Kasa-obake
4251:Kamaitachi
4071:Hiderigami
4035:Hanako-san
3911:Chimimōryō
3839:Aosaginohi
3606:Uriko-hime
3308:Kamuy-huci
3192:Fukurokuju
3182:Daikokuten
3058:Ne-no-kuni
2957:Ōkuninushi
2858:Hitorigami
2822:Butsuzōzui
2509:1285490921
2306:0226064565
2283:1873410069
2202:. Toraba.
1511:References
1485:Eboshi-ori
1405:Sarutahiko
1319:Sarutahiko
1005:Sōjōgatani
915:Kuramadera
852:chieftain.
478:Sōjōgatani
408:Taira clan
400:Eboshi-ori
255:Sōjōgatani
247:Sōjōgatani
122:pronounced
5483:Yuki-onna
5411:Yamajijii
5303:Tsurubebi
5166:Tōfu-kozō
4968:Shinigami
4950:Shikigami
4923:Sazae-oni
4651:Nure-onna
4397:Korpokkur
4361:Kitsunebi
4123:Hone-onna
4053:Hashihime
4044:Harionago
3972:Funayūrei
3902:Binbōgami
3866:Azukiarai
3776:Amanozako
3767:Amanojaku
3704:Aka Manto
3480:Kasa Jizō
3398:Folktales
3276:Shinigami
3207:Kisshōten
3172:Benzaiten
3010:Human age
2979:mythology
2940:mythology
2923:Tsukuyomi
2913:Amaterasu
2906:mythology
2817:Shintōshū
2797:Kogo Shūi
2644:163598895
2410:The Tengu
1177:kōwakamai
1173:kōwakamai
1169:kōwakamai
1097:Kōwakamai
1061:Melbourne
800:yamabushi
796:Yamabushi
792:yamabushi
756:yamabushi
752:yamabushi
748:yamabushi
708:yamabushi
422:Portrayal
375:Mythology
344:yamabushi
340:yamabushi
305:yamabushi
297:yamabushi
241:The name
203:Etymology
147:yamabushi
5474:Yosuzume
5429:Yamawaro
5420:Yama-uba
5402:Yamabiko
5357:Ushi-oni
5348:Umi zatō
5283:Ungaikyō
5274:Menreiki
5211:Bakezōri
5056:Takaonna
4977:Shiranui
4896:Samebito
4860:Otoroshi
4759:Kidōmaru
4660:Nurikabe
4633:Nuppeppō
4606:Noderabō
4579:Namahage
4552:Mononoke
4460:Kuzunoha
4415:Kotobuki
4350:Hakuzōsu
4314:Kijimuna
4305:Keukegen
4260:Kamikiri
4240:Nekomata
4231:Bakeneko
4204:Jorōgumo
4195:Jinmenju
4186:Janjanbi
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3507:Kurozuka
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2505:ProQuest
1458:See also
1397:daitengu
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582:daitengu
332:Buddhism
318:Shugendō
155:Daitengu
143:daitengu
114:Japanese
105:Folklore
54:Grouping
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1425:dashi
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1389:troll
1381:trold
1377:tengu
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1362:tengu
1358:first
1350:tengu
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367:play
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280:mean
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224:tengu
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