542:
imagined that the
Kurrartapu may have had lifespans which potentially exceeded 15 years, and took a year to reach sexual maturity. It is possible juvenile Kurrartapus were heavily dependent on their parents, and engaged in play like fellow cracticids. Engagement in play, along with passive mirror engagement (tapping, looking behind, investigating) and problem-solving abilities of butcherbirds evince the potential intelligence shared by the group. It is likely that Kurrartapus were hoppers, and navigated the ground by moving legs in parallel synchronization, as do butcherbirds and currawongs, although Australian magpies have developed bipedalism, able to walk and sprint.
3434:
2612:
3428:
2617:
3439:
2131:
136:
3445:
469:. Australia then was experiencing the effects of the global warming phase which followed the melting of the polar ice caps. Plant and animal fossils also found in the deposit are closely related to extant rainforest (subtropical and tropical closed forest) dwelling species. During the early Miocene, fossils suggest central Australian lakes and swamps hosted
118:
2126:
513:. This implies the Kurrartapu was restricted to the continent, and likely resided within the widespread rainforests aboard. Similar to the non-migratory black butcherbird, peltops, and extant Australian magpie one might assume the Kurrartapu was equally sedentary, although contemporary currawongs do undertake
567:
to present day currawongs. For example, the black currawong has a call that rises slightly, falls sharply and rises again dramatically, described as "kar-week-kar kar-week-week-kar" along with numerous croaks and whistles. In addition to the hypothesized relatedness distance based on bone morphology,
437:
The woodswallows are sometimes grouped within the family
Cracticidae, though these two lineages may have diverged roughly 20-36.3 million years ago. This grouping is supported by morphological analyses and weakly supported by limited DNA studies, more comprehensive genetic analysis disproves this
550:
Like other cracticids, they were probably predatory omnivores, generalists and active in the daytime, feeding mainly on invertebrates and carrion, though consuming smaller vertebrates and fruits as well. Observations of
Australian magpie and pied-billed currawong diets show heavy invertebrate
541:
Based on a comparison between currawongs and the
Australian magpie, one might infer that Kurrartapus were also territorial and possibly flocked. It is likely they also cached food, as do the currawongs, butcherbirds, and Australian magpies. Based on membership to the cracticid taxa, it can be
334:, are typical of denser forest inhabitatants, and the closed rainforest that covered Australia in the early miocene make this trait far more likely than pointy wings, which are characteristic of other open-dwelling cracticids.
457:, who diverged likely in the mid Miocene. The currawongs appear to have evolved earlier than the butcherbirds, which is possibly indicative as to which group shares more traits with the Kurrartapu.
903:
442:. This remains disputed however, as recent mitochondrial phylogeny instead supports a sister relationship between cracticids and African bushshrikes and allies. Additionally the
529:
and expansion of the savannas that occurred in the mid and late miocene. Gondwana's break-up and the movement of the continents altered ocean currents and precipitated the
568:
the differing call of peltops may be even less relevant here as peltops are somewhat outliers to the cracticids, with behaviour similar to that of large flycatchers.
3509:
287:
1166:
Russell, Eleanor; Rowley, Ian; Christie, David (2020-03-04). Del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David; De Juana, Eduardo (eds.).
1131:
Russell, Eleanor; Rowley, Ian; Christie, David (2020-03-04). Del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David; De Juana, Eduardo (eds.).
580:, and maybe Kurrartapus exhibited this trait as well. It is possible that like other cracticids, they built cup shaped nests with twigs and grasses.
3496:
330:. Contemporary cracticid colouration ranges from predominantly black with some white to gray. Round wings, like those of the black butcherbird and
509:. These forests were forever wet, and ranged between warm and cool temperatures. At this time (the early Miocene) Australia had broken off from
3560:
3550:
3433:
630:
Nguyen JM, Worthy TH, Boles WE, Hand SJ, Archer M (2013). "A new cracticid (Passeriformes: Cracticidae) from the Early
Miocene of Australia".
1056:
839:
505:), along with a diversity of other flora. The rich diversity of the early miocene Australian forests approximates that of modern lowlands in
1271:
Russell, Eleanor; Rowley, Ian (2020-03-04). Del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David; De Juana, Eduardo (eds.).
1236:
Russell, Eleanor; Rowley, Ian (2020-03-04). Del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David; De Juana, Eduardo (eds.).
1201:
Russell, Eleanor; Rowley, Ian (2020-03-04). Del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David; De Juana, Eduardo (eds.).
1096:
Russell, Eleanor; Rowley, Ian (2020-03-04). Del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David; De Juana, Eduardo (eds.).
346:
demonstrates similar elongation to that of the black butcherbird. This predates previously believed divergence between cracticids and the
3575:
2616:
1307:
1620:
857:"Molecular phylogeny of African bush-shrikes and allies: Tracing the biogeographic history of an explosive radiation of corvoid birds"
2611:
1356:
362:
found on the tarsometatarsi is an ancestral trait unique to the streptera-cracticus clade, for reference ossification of tendons in
1072:
3555:
3427:
530:
298:
record of a cracticid from
Australia. The size of the fossil material indicates that it was similar in size to the living
3438:
730:"Composition and phylogenetic affinities of vangas (Vangidae, Oscines, Passeriformes) based on morphological characters"
506:
2130:
135:
3580:
979:"A multilocus coalescent analysis of the speciational history of the Australo-Papuan butcherbirds and their allies"
855:
Fuchs, Jérôme; Irestedt, Martin; Fjeldså, Jon; Couloux, Arnaud; Pasquet, Eric; Bowie, Rauri C. K. (2012-07-01).
787:
770:
449:
Within the cracticids, the morphology of the tarsometatarsus suggests the
Kurrartapu is more closely related to
1308:"Ethogram of the Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen) in Comparison to Other Cracticidae and Corvus Species"
829:
927:
Aggerbeck, Marie; Fjeldså, Jon; Christidis, Les; Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Jønsson, Knud
Andreas (January 2014).
678:"The generic taxonomy of the Australian Magpie and Australo-Papuan butcherbirds is not all black-and-white"
3570:
3464:
1613:
929:"Resolving deep lineage divergences in core corvoid passerine birds supports a proto-Papuan island origin"
326:
it is possible that the
Kurrartapu also shared their glossy dark feathers and had calls similar to modern
3522:
514:
234:
1450:
1272:
1237:
1167:
978:
856:
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577:
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1202:
1132:
1097:
443:
303:
275:
382:. Cracticids include currawongs, butcherbirds, and peltops. Cracticids are part of the assemblage
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conditions that brought reduced rainfall, cool temperatures, and extinction to many lineages.
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323:
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358:, as this trait is shared by black butcherbirds and Australian magpies today. The incomplete
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is shown to be adaptive for climbing, as ossification serves to reduce heavy wear and tear.
1038:
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The
Kurrartapus likely diminished with the rainforest habitat loss accompanying increasing
2533:
1979:
1951:
1784:
343:
283:
1497:
434:) may have been stout with long pointy wings, a decurved bill, and sexually monomorphic.
555:, and spiders), though the pied-billed currawongs consumed fruit significantly as well.
3305:
3097:
2886:
2393:
2148:
2081:
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1522:
1451:"Notes on the diet of some passerines in New South Wales II: Butcherbirds to starlings"
1323:
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17:
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378:. Kurrartapu are more closely related to other members of Cracticidae than those of
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2016:
2009:
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It can be hypothesized based on closest living relatives that the Kurrartapu had a
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994:
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363:
351:
310:. The specific epithet honours John Nguyen, the father of the senior describer.
271:
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60:
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390:. Corvoidea are believed to have originated in Australasia. Other members of
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485:. In temperate rainforests, the canopy consisted mainly of coniferous
2953:
2926:
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1860:
1643:
474:
157:
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The Kurrartapu fossil was found in the early Miocene deposit of
407:
267:
177:
3462:
2632:
2146:
1680:
1602:
831:
Australian Magpie: Biology and Behaviour of an Unusual Songbird
551:
consumption (predominantly beetles, ants, moths, caterpillars,
1410:
Bird minds: cognition and behaviour of Australian native birds
788:
10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0487:paeotp]2.0.co;2
734:
Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research
676:
Cake, Martin; Black, Andrew; Joseph, Leo (December 2018).
1523:"Prevalence of different modes of parental care in birds"
977:
Kearns, Anna M.; Joseph, Leo; Cook, Lyn G. (2013-03-01).
1527:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1348:
Finches, bowerbirds & other passerines of Australia
1073:"The early Miocene Epoch (23.3-16.3 million years ago)"
497:
trees, with an understory of tree ferns (predominately
418:. It is hypothesized that the last common ancestor of
2840:
2795:
2785:
2775:
2765:
2231:
1964:
1933:
1498:"Butcherbirds & Bell-magpies family Cracticidae"
3471:
3353:
3329:
3295:
3286:
3266:
3134:
3096:
2999:
2990:
2963:
2936:
2916:
2896:
2672:
2645:
2446:
2426:
2392:
2372:
2303:
2283:
2259:
2208:
2188:
2179:
2159:
2100:
2080:
2053:
2026:
1978:
1924:
1890:
1870:
1850:
1830:
1810:
1783:
1693:
1306:Brown, Eleanor D.; Veltman, Clare J. (2010-04-26).
771:"Phylogeny and Evolution of the Passerine Birds"
769:RAIKOW, ROBERT J.; Bledsoe, Anthony H. (2000).
904:"Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds"
1614:
8:
682:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club
374:The genus Kurrartapu belongs to the family
3459:
3292:
2996:
2642:
2629:
2185:
2156:
2143:
1690:
1677:
1621:
1607:
1599:
446:may be another sister taxa to cracticids.
116:
31:
1554:
786:
745:
693:
342:Regarding bones, the discovered proximal
125:Illustration of holotype tarsometatarsus
1168:"Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen)"
1238:"Black Currawong (Strepera fuliginosa)"
1133:"Lowland Peltops (Peltops blainvillii)"
589:
1273:"Gray Currawong (Strepera versicolor)"
1413:. Vision Australia Personal Support.
1203:"Pied Currawong (Strepera graculina)"
1098:"Black Butcherbird (Cracticus quoyi)"
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
983:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
933:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
902:Christidis, L.; Boles, W. E. (2008).
861:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
7:
1473:"Black Currawong Calls & Sounds"
972:
970:
820:
818:
816:
814:
723:
721:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
354:. It is possible it also had a deep
318:Based on shared traits between the
1324:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1987.tb00692.x
25:
272:Australian magpie and butcherbird
3443:
3437:
3432:
3426:
2615:
2610:
2129:
2124:
747:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2008.00458.x
134:
1521:Cockburn, Andrew (2006-06-07).
438:nesting, and so the two may be
40:Temporal range: Early Miocene
1:
3561:Extinct monotypic bird genera
3551:Fossil taxa described in 2013
1502:creagrus.home.montereybay.com
1037:Talent, John A., ed. (2012).
294:, Australia. It is the first
695:10.25226/bboc.v138i4.2018.a6
1477:Wild Ambience Nature Sounds
995:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.020
945:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.09.027
873:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.007
3602:
3576:Miocene birds of Australia
3424:
2641:
2628:
2608:
2155:
2142:
2122:
1689:
1676:
1638:
1351:. Angus & Robertson.
1345:Ronald., Strahan (1996).
1049:10.1007/978-90-481-3428-1
240:
233:
131:Scientific classification
129:
124:
115:
34:
1633:and their extinct allies
461:Distribution and habitat
302:. The generic name is a
3556:Prehistoric bird genera
1455:Australian Bird Watcher
1539:10.1098/rspb.2005.3458
1285:10.2173/bow.grycur1.01
1250:10.2173/bow.blacur2.01
1215:10.2173/bow.piecur1.01
1180:10.2173/bow.ausmag2.01
1145:10.2173/bow.lowpel1.01
1110:10.2173/bow.blabut1.01
473:forests, dominated by
259:Kurrartapu johnnguyeni
244:Kurrartapu johnnguyeni
36:Kurrartapu johnnguyeni
27:Extinct genus of birds
18:Kurrartapu johnnguyeni
3523:Paleobiology Database
1579:"Bornean Bristlehead"
1077:The Australian Museum
908:The Australian Museum
728:Manegold, A. (2008).
515:altitudinal migration
282:material (a proximal
834:. Csiro Publishing.
578:cooperative breeders
1533:(1592): 1375–1383.
1479:. 14 September 2021
444:mottled berryhunter
412:African bushshrikes
304:Kalkatungu language
226:K. johnnguyeni
2285:Machaerirhynchidae
1583:Oriental Bird Club
1432:Csiro Publishing.
1277:Birds of the World
1242:Birds of the World
1207:Birds of the World
1172:Birds of the World
1137:Birds of the World
1102:Birds of the World
3581:Riversleigh fauna
3538:
3537:
3465:Taxon identifiers
3456:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3422:
3421:
3349:
3348:
3130:
3129:
2624:
2623:
2606:
2605:
2279:
2278:
2138:
2137:
2120:
2119:
1058:978-90-481-3427-4
841:978-1-4863-0725-8
324:Australian magpie
320:black butcherbird
308:Australian magpie
300:black butcherbird
290:in north-western
255:
254:
215:
16:(Redirected from
3593:
3531:
3530:
3518:
3517:
3505:
3504:
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2997:
2842:
2797:
2787:
2777:
2767:
2643:
2630:
2619:
2614:
2294:Machaerirhynchus
2233:
2186:
2157:
2144:
2133:
2128:
1966:
1935:
1812:Eulacestomatidae
1691:
1678:
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493:, and deciduous
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32:
21:
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1980:Pachycephalidae
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1785:Cinclosomatidae
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1385:psycnet.apa.org
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646:10.1071/MU13017
629:
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576:Cracticids are
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548:
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463:
372:
344:tarsometatarsus
340:
316:
284:tarsometatarsus
274:family. It was
251:
248:
242:
229:
212:
133:
111:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
42:
41:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3599:
3597:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3543:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3519:
3506:
3493:
3477:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3359:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3335:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3306:Chaetorhynchus
3301:
3299:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3272:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3140:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3102:
3100:
3098:Terpsiphoninae
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3005:
3003:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2969:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2950:
2942:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2922:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2902:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2887:Zavattariornis
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2793:
2783:
2773:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2659:
2651:
2649:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2432:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2398:
2396:
2394:Platysteiridae
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2378:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2265:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2229:
2222:
2214:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2194:
2192:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2165:
2163:
2153:
2152:
2149:Malaconotoidea
2147:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2082:Malaconotoidea
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2059:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2032:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1930:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1876:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1856:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1836:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1789:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1739:Cyanograucalus
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1699:
1697:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1570:
1513:
1489:
1464:
1441:
1424:
1405:Gisela, Kaplan
1396:
1372:
1357:
1337:
1318:(4): 309–333.
1298:
1263:
1228:
1193:
1158:
1123:
1088:
1064:
1057:
1040:Earth and Life
1016:
989:(3): 941–952.
966:
919:
894:
847:
840:
828:(2019-05-01).
826:Kaplan, Gisela
810:
761:
740:(3): 267–277.
717:
688:(4): 346–359.
659:
640:(4): 374–382.
588:
587:
585:
582:
573:
570:
560:
557:
547:
544:
538:
535:
522:
519:
462:
459:
430:(alive in the
396:helmet shrikes
392:Malaconotoidea
384:Malaconotoidea
371:
368:
356:temporal fossa
339:
336:
315:
312:
253:
252:
249:
238:
237:
231:
230:
223:
221:
217:
216:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
122:
121:
113:
112:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
48:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3598:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3571:Miocene birds
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3529:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3461:
3446:
3442:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3313:Eutrichomyias
3310:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3268:Platylophidae
3265:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3136:Paradisaeidae
3133:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3087:Symposiachrus
3084:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3031:Clytorhynchus
3028:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2965:Melampittidae
2962:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2618:
2613:
2599:
2598:
2597:Xenopirostris
2594:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2314:Chlorophoneus
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2305:Malaconotidae
2302:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2132:
2127:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2028:Paramythiidae
2025:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1989:Colluricincla
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1881:Daphoenositta
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1832:Falcunculidae
1829:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1695:Campephagidae
1692:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1657:
1656:Passeriformes
1653:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1514:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1461:(4): 164–178.
1460:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1386:
1382:
1381:"APA PsycNet"
1376:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1358:0-207-18880-7
1354:
1350:
1349:
1341:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1089:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
973:
971:
967:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
923:
920:
909:
905:
898:
895:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
867:(1): 93–105.
866:
862:
858:
851:
848:
843:
837:
833:
832:
827:
821:
819:
817:
815:
811:
806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
784:
780:
776:
772:
765:
762:
757:
753:
748:
743:
739:
735:
731:
724:
722:
718:
713:
709:
705:
701:
696:
691:
687:
683:
679:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
634:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
590:
583:
581:
579:
571:
569:
566:
559:Vocalizations
558:
556:
554:
545:
543:
536:
534:
532:
528:
527:aridification
520:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:dicksoniacean
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
460:
458:
456:
452:
447:
445:
441:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
369:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
337:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
313:
311:
309:
306:term for the
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:Early Miocene
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
260:
247:
245:
239:
236:
235:Binomial name
232:
228:
227:
222:
219:
218:
211:
210:
206:
203:
202:
199:
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188:Passeriformes
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30:
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3472:
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3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
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3362:
3338:
3331:Rhipidurinae
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:Lamproliinae
3288:Rhipiduridae
3275:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3236:Pteridophora
3234:
3227:
3220:
3215:Paradisornis
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3121:Trochocercus
3119:
3112:
3105:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
2979:
2974:Megalampitta
2972:
2952:
2947:Eurocephalus
2945:
2925:
2905:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2812:
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2798:
2788:
2778:
2768:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2661:
2654:
2647:Corcoracidae
2595:
2588:
2581:
2576:Tephrodornis
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2435:
2428:Rhagologidae
2415:
2408:
2401:
2381:
2374:Pityriasidae
2361:
2354:
2349:Rhodophoneus
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2292:
2268:
2248:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2224:
2217:
2197:
2168:
2161:Aegithinidae
2069:
2062:
2042:
2035:
2017:Pseudorectes
2015:
2010:Pachycephala
2008:
2003:Melanorectes
2001:
1994:
1987:
1967:
1959:Sphecotheres
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1879:
1859:
1839:
1819:
1799:
1792:
1774:Pericrocotus
1772:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1666:Infraorder:
1586:. Retrieved
1582:
1573:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1505:. Retrieved
1501:
1492:
1481:. Retrieved
1476:
1467:
1458:
1454:
1449:Rose, A. B.
1444:
1434:
1427:
1409:
1399:
1388:. Retrieved
1384:
1375:
1347:
1340:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1276:
1266:
1241:
1231:
1206:
1196:
1171:
1161:
1136:
1126:
1101:
1091:
1080:. Retrieved
1076:
1067:
1039:
986:
982:
936:
932:
922:
911:. Retrieved
907:
897:
864:
860:
850:
830:
778:
774:
764:
737:
733:
685:
681:
637:
631:
575:
572:Reproduction
565:similar call
562:
553:orthopterans
549:
540:
524:
464:
455:butcherbirds
448:
436:
416:woodswallows
394:include the
373:
364:woodcreepers
360:ossification
352:woodswallows
341:
317:
258:
257:
256:
250:Nguyen, 2013
243:
241:
225:
224:
214:Nguyen, 2013
208:
207:
35:
29:
3586:Cracticidae
3413:Vireolanius
3399:Tunchiornis
3385:Pachysylvia
3277:Platylophus
3229:Phonygammus
3201:Paradigalla
3166:Drepanornis
3159:Diphyllodes
3114:Terpsiphone
3017:Carterornis
3001:Monarchinae
2992:Monarchidae
2866:Pyrrhocorax
2859:Ptilostomus
2852:Psilorhinus
2828:Platysmurus
2760:Gymnorhinus
2746:Dendrocitta
2527:Mystacornis
2513:Leptopterus
2478:Cyanolanius
2471:Calicalicus
2417:Platysteira
2410:Lanioturdus
2335:Malaconotus
2261:Peltopsinae
2111:See below ↓
2091:See below ↓
2064:Androphobus
2055:Psophodidae
1872:Neosittidae
1841:Falcunculus
1821:Eulacestoma
1767:Malindangia
1711:Campochaera
939:: 272–285.
499:cyatheacean
471:sclerophyll
467:Riversleigh
440:sister taxa
408:Asian ioras
376:Cracticidae
314:Description
288:Riversleigh
286:) found at
266:species of
43:23–16
3545:Categories
3473:Kurrartapu
3392:Pteruthius
3378:Hylophilus
3355:Vireonidae
3257:Semioptera
3250:Seleucidis
3208:Paradisaea
3152:Cicinnurus
3107:Hypothymis
3024:Chasiempis
2981:Melampitta
2898:Dicruridae
2845:Protocitta
2814:Perisoreus
2725:Cyanocorax
2718:Cyanocitta
2711:Crypsirina
2683:Aphelocoma
2663:Struthidea
2562:Pseudobias
2548:Philentoma
2437:Rhagologus
2383:Pityriasis
2363:Telophorus
2321:Dryoscopus
2236:Kurrartapu
2226:Gymnorhina
2210:Craticinae
2044:Paramythia
2037:Oreocharis
1996:Coracornis
1938:Longmornis
1915:Ornorectes
1892:Oreoicidae
1801:Ptilorrhoa
1794:Cinclosoma
1725:Celebesica
1718:Ceblepyris
1704:Campephaga
1660:Suborder:
1629:Genera of
1588:2021-11-11
1507:2021-11-09
1483:2021-11-10
1435:Bird Minds
1419:1043350801
1390:2021-11-10
1082:2021-10-29
913:2021-10-29
781:(6): 487.
775:BioScience
584:References
495:nothofagus
491:araucarian
483:eucalyptus
451:currawongs
428:cracticids
414:, and the
328:currawongs
292:Queensland
209:Kurrartapu
3566:Artamidae
3488:Q16984024
3364:Cyclarhis
3340:Rhipidura
3320:Lamprolia
3194:Manucodia
3187:Lycocorax
3180:Lophorina
3173:Epimachus
3073:Neolalage
3052:Metabolus
3045:Mayrornis
2918:Ifritidae
2807:Nucifraga
2790:Miocorvus
2770:Henocitta
2739:Cyanopica
2732:Cyanolyca
2690:Calocitta
2635:Corvoidea
2506:Hypositta
2485:Euryceros
2457:Artamella
2328:Laniarius
2219:Cracticus
2190:Artaminae
2181:Artamidae
2170:Aegithina
2102:Corvoidea
2071:Psophodes
1926:Oriolidae
1901:Aleadryas
1852:Mohouidae
1746:Edolisoma
1642:Kingdom:
1547:0962-8452
1332:0179-1613
1293:216308740
1258:216203590
1223:216394460
1188:216205911
1153:216239592
1118:216285033
1003:1055-7903
953:1055-7903
881:1055-7903
797:0006-3568
756:1439-0469
712:134198503
704:0007-1595
537:Behaviour
479:casuarina
432:Paleogene
420:Artamidae
388:Corvoidea
380:artamidae
276:described
220:Species:
198:Artamidae
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
3482:Wikidata
3371:Erpornis
3243:Ptiloris
3145:Astrapia
3059:Monarcha
3038:Grallina
2938:Laniidae
2907:Dicrurus
2880:Urocissa
2873:Temnurus
2780:Miocitta
2753:Garrulus
2674:Corvidae
2656:Corcorax
2555:Prionops
2534:Newtonia
2520:Megabyas
2492:Falculea
2448:Vangidae
2250:Strepera
2243:Melloria
1969:Turnagra
1732:Coracina
1683:Corvides
1668:Corvides
1650:Chordata
1648:Phylum:
1644:Animalia
1631:corvides
1565:16777726
1407:(2016).
1367:34586664
1312:Ethology
1011:23219707
961:24125832
889:22475817
805:86870102
654:85069421
531:icehouse
511:Gondwana
487:podocorp
370:Taxonomy
296:Tertiary
194:Family:
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
3515:1482095
3502:9447428
3222:Parotia
3080:Pomarea
3066:Myiagra
2835:Podoces
2800:Miopica
2569:Schetba
2541:Oriolia
2499:Hemipus
2356:Tchagra
2270:Peltops
2199:Artamus
1952:Pitohui
1945:Oriolus
1908:Oreoica
1760:Lobotos
1662:Passeri
1654:Order:
1556:1560291
400:batises
386:within
348:peltops
332:peltops
270:in the
264:extinct
204:Genus:
184:Order:
174:Class:
3528:430871
2954:Lanius
2927:Ifrita
2704:Corvus
2342:Nilaus
1861:Mohoua
1753:Lalage
1563:
1553:
1545:
1417:
1365:
1355:
1330:
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1009:
1001:
959:
951:
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838:
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754:
710:
702:
652:
521:Demise
507:Borneo
481:, and
475:acacia
426:, and
424:vangas
410:, the
406:, the
404:vangas
402:, the
398:, the
262:is an
3510:IRMNG
3406:Vireo
3010:Arses
2697:Cissa
2590:Vanga
2583:Tylas
2403:Batis
1289:S2CID
1254:S2CID
1219:S2CID
1184:S2CID
1149:S2CID
1114:S2CID
801:S2CID
708:S2CID
650:S2CID
338:Bones
278:from
3497:GBIF
2821:Pica
2464:Bias
1561:PMID
1543:ISSN
1415:OCLC
1363:OCLC
1353:ISBN
1328:ISSN
1053:ISBN
1007:PMID
999:ISSN
957:PMID
949:ISSN
885:PMID
877:ISSN
836:ISBN
793:ISSN
752:ISSN
700:ISSN
546:Diet
501:and
489:and
453:and
350:and
322:and
268:bird
178:Aves
51:PreꞒ
1551:PMC
1535:doi
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