595:
Chinese sources as the Tieh-lê, who were to be found in Inner Asia as well The fluidity of the situation in the steppes is mirrored in our sources, a kaleidoscope of dissolving and reforming tribal unions... Although some of the antecedents of this important migration are still unclear, there can be no doubt that the 0ghur tribes now became the dominant element in the Ponto-Caspian steppes. The term Oghur denoted "grouping of kindred tribes, tribal union" and figures in their ethnonyms: Onoghur, Saraghur, etc. The language of these Oghur tribes, which survives today only in
Chuvash, was distinct from that of Common Turkic. In 480 we find our earliest firm notice on the Bulghars ("Mixed Ones"), a large conglomeration of Oghur, Hunnic and other elements. In addition, we have reports about the activities of the Kutrighurs and Utrighurs who appear in our sources under their own names, as "Huns" and perhaps even as "Bulghars." Their precise relationship to the latter cannot be determined with any certainty, but all three clearly originated in the same Hunno-Oghur milieu.
22:
195:, inhabited the lands I mentioned already. They all had a single king. Once one of their kings had two sons: one called Utigur and another called Kutrigur. After their father's death they shared the power and gave their names to the subjected peoples, so that even nowadays some of them are called Utigurs and the others - Kutrigurs.
444:. In March 559 Zabergan attacked Constantinople; one part of his forces consisted of 7,000 horsemen. The transit of such distances in a short period of time shows that they were mounted warriors, and compared to the Chinialon's army, Zabergan's raiders were already encamped near the banks of the Danube.
594:
Sometime about A.D. 463 a series of nomadic migrations was set off in Inner Asia... Archeological and literary evidence permits us to place the homeland of these newcomers, the Oghur tribes, in
Western Siberia and the Kazakh steppes... The Oghurs were part of a large Turkic tribal grouping known in
207:
It is neither fair nor decent to exterminate our tribesmen (the
Kutrigurs), who not only speak a language, identical to ours, who are our neighbours and have the same dressing and manners of life, but who are also our relatives, even though subjected to other
388:...all of them are called in general Scythians and Huns in particular according to their nation. Thus, some are Koutrigours or Outigours and yet others are Oultizurs and Bourougounds... the Oultizurs and Bourougounds were known up to the time of the Emperor
236:. All these peoples were referred to by the general name of Scythians or Huns, whereas individual tribes had their own particular names, rooted in ancestral tradition, such as Cotrigurs, Utigurs, Ultizurs, Bourougounds and so on and so forth."
369:). They are described in typical phrases used for nomads in the ethnographic literature of the period, as people who "live in tents, earn their living on the meat of livestock and fish, of wild animals and by their weapons (plunder)".
392:(457–474) and the Romans of that time and appeared to have been strong. We, however, in this day, neither know them, nor, I think, will we. Perhaps, they have perished or perhaps they have moved off to very far place.
546:
The ethnonym of the Huns, like those of
Scythians and Türks, became a generic term for steppe-people (nomads) and invading enemies from the East, no matter of their actual origin and identity. However, this remains
447:
A threat to the stability of the
Byzantine Empire according to Procopius, Agathias and Menander, the Kutrigurs and Utigurs decimated one another. Some Kutrigur remnants were swept away by the
199:
They occupied the
Tanaitic-Maeotic (Don-Azov) steppe zone, the Kutrigurs in the Western part and the Utrigurs towards the East. This story was also confirmed by the words of the Utigur ruler
418:(527–565) through diplomatic persuasion and bribery tricked the Kutrigurs and Utigurs into mutual warfare. Utigurs led by Sandilch attacked the Kutrigurs, who suffered great losses.
2420:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
1016:
History of the
Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages, Volume I. History of the First Bulgarian Kingdom. Part I. Age of Hun-Bulgarian supremacy (679-852)
1168:
889:
937:
An introduction to the
History of the Turkic peoples: ethnogenesis and state formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East
911:
904:
1108:
1062:
1038:
1000:
979:
953:
587:
425:, entered imperial service and were settled in Thrace. The friendly treatment of those Kutrigurs was viewed negatively by Sandilch.
492:
with the tribes of the
Kutrigurs and Utigurs under a single rule, creating a powerful confederation which was referred to by the
2456:
1447:
421:
Kutrigurs made a peace treaty with the
Byzantine Empire, and 2,000 Kutrigurs on horseback, with wives and children, led by
1982:
1161:
115:
2048:
1028:
41:
2380:
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1507:
1123:"Avar Blitzkrieg, Slavic and Bulgar raiders, and Roman special ops: mobile warriors in the 6th-century Balkans"
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Peter B. Golden (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic People. O. Harrassowitz. p. 505
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131:(conspicuous, eminent, renowned). Few scholars support theories deriving the Kutrigurs from the
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Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present
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905:
Zimonyi Istvan: "History of the Turkic speaking peoples in Europe before the Ottomans".
508:. According to some scholars, it is more correctly called the Onogundur-Bulgar Empire.
497:
475:
river. The Utigurs remained in the Pontic steppe and fell under the rule of the Türks.
464:
441:
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crossed the frozen Danube and divided into three sections; one raided south as far as
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479:
232:, as did the rest of the barbarian peoples established in Asia on the near side of
215:, Greek poet and the principal historian of part of the reign of the Roman emperor
1420:
579:
1136:"The Three Scythian Brothers: an Extract from the Chronicle of Michael the Great"
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990:
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and the Utigurs. Towards the end of the 6th century they were absorbed by the
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1798:
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941:
907:(Uppsala University: Institute of Linguistics and Philology) (archived from
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399:
180:
992:
In Search of the Lost Tribe: The Origins and Making of the Croatian Nation
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Dimitrov, D. (1987). "Bulgars, Unogundurs, Onogurs, Utigurs, Kutrigurs".
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In 551, a 12,000-strong Kutrigur army led by many commanders, including
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414:. Later, with the Gepids, they plundered the Byzantine lands. Emperor
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1127:
Eurasia in the Middle Ages. Studies in Honour of Peter B. Golden
472:
188:
1150:
1103:. Editura Academiei Române; Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei.
428:
In the winter of 558, the remaining large Kutrigur army led by
179:
Grousset thought that the Kutrigurs were remnants of the Huns,
224:"In ancient times the Huns inhabited the region east of lake
1100:
Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
471:
in 568 ordered 10,000 so-called Kutrigur Huns to cross the
970:
The Bulgarians: from pagan times to the Ottoman conquest
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112:, has been suggested as a metathecized form of Turkic
44:
in the 6th century AD. To their east were the similar
253:
555) in Western Eurasia records thirteen tribes, the
1075:
Medieval Syriac Historians' Perceptions of the Turks
1030:
The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia
570:(1990). "The peoples of the south Russian steppes".
2358:
2332:
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1981:
1953:
1751:
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1660:
1579:
1556:
1386:
1340:
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1264:
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1184:
967:
1089:. Varna: George Bakalov – via kroraina.com.
1086:Prabylgarite po severnoto i zapadnoto Chernomorie
1019:(in Bulgarian). Sofia: СОФИЯ ДЪРЖАВНА ПЕЧАТНИЦА.
574:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 256–284.
1129:. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. pp. 69–89.
386:
205:
185:
48:and both possibly were closely related to the
1162:
8:
219:recalls the origin of their name as follows:
1125:. In Zimonyi István; Osman Karatay (eds.).
1190:
1169:
1155:
1147:
654:
572:The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia
890:Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople
710:
681:
669:
20:
865:
693:
642:
559:
539:
1033:. The State University of New Jersey.
877:
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783:
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735:
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606:
463:(Zabender) fled to the Avars from the
841:
812:
402:, came from the "western side of the
25:Europe and northern Africa c. 600 AD.
7:
630:
167:) as a root of Kutrigur, posited by
16:Historical ethnic group in Caucasus
455:(Kotzagiroi, possibly Kutrigurs),
14:
764:. Translated by Frendo, Joseph D.
2412:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
1057:. Princeton University Press.
123:meaning "nine Oğur (tribes)".
1:
894:Historia syntomos, breviarium
580:10.1017/CHOL9780521243049.011
410:who were at the war with the
381:
250:
40:tribe who flourished on the
2473:
1078:. University of Cambridge.
241:The Syriac translation of
228:to the north of the river
2394:
1513:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks
151:respectively, posited by
2381:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
2049:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
1049:Beckwith, Christopher I.
451:to Pannonia. By 569 the
159:which is a term for the
60:under pressure from the
1538:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
1194:Azerbaijani communities
989:Karatay, Osman (2003).
762:Agathias: The Histories
440:; and the periphery of
436:; while two others the
373:War with the Byzantines
243:Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor
127:derived it from Turkic
52:. They warred with the
2457:Extinct Turkic peoples
2371:Crimean Tatar diaspora
1548:Western Thracian Turks
1483:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
1134:Dickens, Mark (2010).
1072:Dickens, Mark (2004).
932:Golden, Peter Benjamin
568:Golden, Peter Benjamin
396:
247:Ecclesiastical History
239:
210:
197:
26:
2078:Extinct Turkic groups
2036:Turkic minorities in
1983:Turkic minorities in
1954:Turkic minorities in
1752:Turkic minorities in
1230:Georgian Azerbaijanis
485:managed to unite the
478:Between 630 and 635,
221:
213:Agathias Scholasticus
187:in the old days many
155:. Similarly few find
42:Pontic–Caspian steppe
24:
2396:Central Asian (i.e.
2366:Azerbaijani diaspora
1703:Iranian Azerbaijanis
1341:Turkmen communities
1237:Western Azerbaijanis
1207:Iranian Azerbaijanis
964:Lang, David Marshall
438:Thracian Chersonesus
1387:Turkish communities
1253:Javanshir Qizilbash
125:David Marshall Lang
76:, also recorded as
1911:Siberian Bukharans
1713:Chaharmahali Turks
1694:Turkic minorities
1661:Turkic minorities
1580:Turkic minorities
1296:Kyrgyz communities
1265:Kazakh communities
1140:Parole de l'Orient
974:. Westview Press.
914:2012-07-22 at the
880:, p. 140–141.
621:, p. 71, 139.
502:Old Great Bulgaria
38:nomadic equestrian
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1968:Mongolian Kazakhs
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946:Otto Harrassowitz
827:, p. 99–100.
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2022:Karategin Uzbeks
2007:
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1007:
1001:
986:
980:
960:
954:
927:
926:
921:
920:
918:on 2013-10-21)
897:
882:
870:
858:
856:, p. 107.
846:
829:
817:
800:
788:
776:
767:
752:
740:
738:, p. 140.
715:
698:
686:
674:
659:
655:Zlatarski 1918
647:
635:
623:
611:
609:, p. 139.
599:
588:
558:
556:
553:
550:
549:
547:controversial.
538:
537:
535:
532:
531:
530:
525:
520:
513:
510:
498:Western Europe
467:. Avar Khagan
442:Constantinople
374:
371:
191:, called then
176:
173:
169:Josef Markwart
145:Southwest Asia
69:
66:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2469:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2424:territories).
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
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2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:Black Klobuks
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2041:(exc. Russia)
2034:
2028:
2027:Afghan Kyrgyz
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1883:Mishar Tatars
1880:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:in Uzbekistan
1555:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1533:Serbian Turks
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1493:Kosovan Turks
1491:
1489:
1488:Israeli Turks
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:Cypriot Turks
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1448:Bosnian Turks
1446:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1322:Afghan Kyrgyz
1320:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:Curta, Florin
1116:
1112:
1110:9789732721520
1106:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1066:
1064:9781400829941
1060:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1040:9780813513041
1036:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1002:9789756467077
998:
994:
993:
987:
983:
981:9780891585305
977:
972:
971:
965:
961:
957:
955:9783447032742
951:
947:
943:
939:
938:
933:
929:
928:
924:
923:
917:
913:
910:
906:
901:
898:
895:
891:
886:
883:
879:
874:
871:
867:
862:
859:
855:
850:
847:
844:, p. 77.
843:
838:
836:
834:
830:
826:
821:
818:
815:, p. 76.
814:
809:
807:
805:
801:
798:, p. 98.
797:
792:
789:
786:, p. 97.
785:
780:
777:
771:
768:
763:
756:
753:
750:, p. 99.
749:
744:
741:
737:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
716:
712:
711:Dimitrov 1987
707:
705:
703:
699:
696:, p. 19.
695:
690:
687:
684:, p. 99.
683:
682:Beckwith 2009
678:
675:
672:, p. 79.
671:
670:Grousset 1970
666:
664:
660:
656:
651:
648:
645:, p. 26.
644:
639:
636:
633:, p. 34.
632:
627:
624:
620:
615:
612:
608:
603:
600:
596:
591:
589:9781139054898
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
563:
560:
554:
543:
540:
533:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
511:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
488:
484:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
395:
394:
391:
385:
379:
372:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
289:(Kutriğurs),
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
248:
244:
238:
237:
235:
231:
227:
220:
218:
214:
209:
204:
202:
196:
194:
190:
184:
182:
174:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
153:Osman Karatay
150:
146:
143:, of ancient
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
117:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
86:Κουτούργουροι
83:
79:
75:
67:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
36:
32:
23:
19:
2203:
2064:Lipka Tatars
1937:Tozhu Tuvans
1897:Volga Tatars
1610:Akto Turkmen
1503:Libyan Turks
1463:Cretan Turks
1378:Akto Turkmen
1327:Tajik Kyrgyz
1314:Akto Turkmen
1201:Azerbaijanis
1139:
1126:
1099:
1085:
1074:
1053:
1029:
1015:
991:
969:
936:
909:the original
900:
893:
885:
873:
868:, p. 5.
866:Dickens 2010
861:
849:
820:
791:
779:
770:
761:
755:
743:
694:Dickens 2004
689:
677:
650:
643:Karatay 2003
638:
626:
614:
602:
593:
571:
562:
542:
505:
477:
460:
456:
452:
446:
427:
420:
404:Maeotic Lake
397:
393:
387:
376:
362:
354:
346:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
314:
306:
302:
294:
290:
286:
278:
274:
266:
262:
254:
246:
240:
234:Mount Imaeus
223:
222:
217:Justinian I.
211:
206:
198:
186:
178:
164:
156:
128:
120:
113:
109:
106:Κουτράγουροι
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:Κουτρίγουροι
81:
77:
73:
71:
30:
28:
18:
2452:6th century
2285:Toquz Oghuz
2224:Oghuz Turks
2191:Sir-Kıvchak
1985:Afghanistan
1728:Qarai Turks
1644:Tor Uyghurs
1623:Fuyu Kyrgyz
1571:Karakalpaks
1440:Kouloughlis
1244:Karapapakhs
878:Golden 2011
854:Golden 2011
825:Golden 1992
796:Golden 1992
784:Golden 1992
748:Golden 1992
736:Golden 2011
619:Golden 2011
607:Golden 2011
496:authors in
434:Thermopylae
416:Justinian I
367:Hephthalite
163:(some read
110:Κοτριαγήροι
98:Κουτρίγοροι
90:Κοτρίγουροι
2436:Categories
1332:Van Kyrgyz
1214:Shahsevans
842:Curta 2015
813:Curta 2015
760:Agathias.
555:References
453:Κοτζαγηροί
351:Khalyzians
293:(probably
193:Cimmerians
121:*quturoğur
102:Κοτράγηροι
94:Κοτρίγοροι
2442:Kutrigurs
2359:Diasporas
2300:Xueyantuo
2290:Uriankhai
2237:Pechenegs
2230:Turkomans
2204:Kutrigurs
1876:Kryashens
1838:Kumandins
1819:Karachays
1799:Besermyan
1774:Telengits
1680:Krymchaks
1663:in Crimea
1628:Ili Turks
1221:Küresünni
942:Wiesbaden
631:Lang 1976
400:Chinialon
183:recounts:
181:Procopius
139:from the
133:Guti/Quti
72:The name
68:Etymology
31:Kutrigurs
2410:Turkmens
2398:Turkmeni
2255:Saragurs
2199:Kurykans
2185:Kipchaks
2170:Keraites
2155:Göktürks
2145:Dughlats
2135:Dingling
2105:Berendei
1956:Mongolia
1926:Tofalars
1890:Nağaybäk
1794:Bashkirs
1781:Tubalars
1767:Chelkans
1761:Altaians
1582:in China
1414:Tahtacıs
1407:Muhacirs
1348:Turkmens
1121:(2015).
1097:(2011).
1051:(2009).
1027:(1970).
1013:(1918).
966:(1976).
934:(1992).
912:Archived
512:See also
494:medieval
461:Ζαβενδὲρ
430:Zabergan
412:Lombards
378:Agathias
361:?), and
339:Bagrasik
331:Ιτιμαροι
311:Akatziri
265:(Oğur),
201:Sandilch
149:Caucasus
147:and the
135:and the
129:kötrügür
74:Kutrigur
2422:Ottoman
2406:Iranian
2402:Afghani
2350:Mughals
2345:Hazaras
2295:Utigurs
2270:Türgesh
2245:Onogurs
2219:Nushibi
2214:Naimans
2175:Khazars
2165:Karluks
2120:Chigils
2115:Bulgars
2100:Barsils
2038:Europe
2017:Ansarlu
1963:Khotons
1921:Teleuts
1814:Dolgans
1809:Chuvash
1804:Chulyms
1789:Balkars
1733:Qashqai
1718:Khalajs
1696:in Iran
1638:Uyghurs
1361:Ansarlu
1272:Kazakhs
1186:Peoples
925:Sources
528:Bulgars
523:Onogurs
518:Utigurs
490:Bulgars
469:Bayan I
457:Ταρνιάχ
423:Sinnion
343:Barsils
341:, i.e.
335:b'grsyq
329:? <
319:Saragur
315:srwrgwr
297:, i.e.
287:kwrtrgr
283:Bulgars
281:, i.e.
226:Maeotis
208:lords".
175:History
161:Bulgars
141:Udi/Uti
137:Utigurs
119:, with
114:*Toqur-
78:Kwrtrgr
50:Bulgars
46:Utigurs
33:were a
2418:Syrian
2340:Abdals
2333:Others
2320:Yabaku
2310:Yueban
2260:Shatuo
2250:Sabirs
2209:Merkit
2160:Kangly
2150:Esegel
2130:Cumans
2110:Bulaqs
2095:Basmyl
2059:Gagauz
2009:Timuri
2003:Aimaqs
1998:Afshar
1945:Yakuts
1931:Tuvans
1863:Tatars
1858:Soyots
1848:Nogais
1843:Kumyks
1830:Koibal
1824:Khakas
1754:Russia
1708:Afshar
1652:Yugurs
1566:Uzbeks
1421:Yörüks
1303:Kyrgyz
1107:
1061:
1037:
999:
978:
952:
586:
487:Onogur
483:Kubrat
408:Gepids
359:Abdali
279:Burğar
259:Onogur
35:Turkic
2414:Iraqi
2315:Yagma
2280:Torks
2275:Tuhsi
2265:Tiele
2180:Kimek
2140:Duolu
1973:Dukha
1853:Shors
1685:Urums
1633:Salar
1400:Gajal
1394:Turks
534:Notes
504:, or
465:Türks
449:Avars
363:ftlyt
327:dimar
323:dyrmr
299:Avars
275:bwrgr
271:Sabir
255:wngwr
165:Kuchi
157:Duč'i
62:Türks
2416:and
2404:and
2085:Alat
1589:Äynu
1105:ISBN
1059:ISBN
1035:ISBN
997:ISBN
976:ISBN
950:ISBN
584:ISBN
480:Khan
473:Sava
353:?),
347:kwls
313:?),
307:Kasr
295:Abar
189:Huns
116:Oğur
29:The
576:doi
500:as
390:Leo
355:bdl
345:),
333:),
321:),
303:ksr
301:),
285:),
273:),
267:sbr
263:wgr
261:),
245:'s
230:Don
2438::
2408:)
2400:,
2090:Az
1138:.
948:.
944::
940:.
892:,
832:^
803:^
718:^
701:^
662:^
592:.
582:.
382:c.
325:(*
309:;
291:br
251:c.
171:.
108:,
104:,
100:,
96:,
92:,
88:,
84:,
80:,
64:.
1170:e
1163:t
1156:v
1142:.
1113:.
1067:.
1043:.
1005:.
984:.
958:.
713:.
657:.
578::
380:(
365:(
357:(
349:(
337:(
317:(
305:(
277:(
269:(
257:(
249:(
203::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
