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with two peaks. They were protected by a ditch and a bank between five and seven meters high, topped by a rubble wall. In areas where the wall passes over bare rock, it is built of mud block with loopholes. Around the hillside there are some low free-stone walls. Within the enclosed area are several
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well-preserved mud structures, and several level sites where buildings may once have stood. The walls were constructed of natural coursed rubble, with alternating layers of stone and subsoil, and have resisted erosion. The settlement, which appears to be ancient, was destroyed during the
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92:"AERIAL ARCHAEOLOGY IN AFRICA: THE CHALLENGE OF A CONTINENT"
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The
Kwiambana ruins were built on and around a granite
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16:Nigerian Forest Reserve and UNESCO Heritage Site
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22:is a ruined settlement in what is now the
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90:Patrick Darling (September 1998).
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30:government submitted the site to
395:Archaeological sites in Nigeria
152:Archaeological sites in Nigeria
72:. UN World Heritage Convention
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50:in the early 19th century.
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70:"Kwiambana and/or Ningi"
24:Kwiambana Forest Reserve
26:. In November 1995 the
371:11.08667°N 6.56083°E
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36:World Heritage Site
376:11.08667; 6.56083
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101:. Archived from
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34:as a potential
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108:on 2011-08-13
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280:Samun Dukiya
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168:Dufuna canoe
110:. Retrieved
103:the original
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74:. Retrieved
48:Fulani Jihad
40:
19:
18:
374: /
294:Other sites
265:Katsina-Ala
252:Nok culture
99:AARGnews 17
326:Ngazargamu
301:Benin Moat
112:2011-01-09
76:2011-01-09
54:References
362:6°33′39″E
359:11°5′12″N
311:Igbo-Ukwu
217:Kwiambana
212:Kursakata
207:Iwo Eleru
159:Neolithic
43:inselberg
20:Kwiambana
389:Category
178:Iron Age
28:Nigerian
331:Old Oyo
237:Ugwuele
202:Itaakpa
321:Kagogi
285:Taruga
260:Kagara
222:Mejiro
187:Afikpo
32:UNESCO
242:Lejja
192:Daima
180:sites
161:sites
106:(PDF)
95:(PDF)
316:Ife
270:Kawu
341:Yau
275:Nok
232:Rop
227:Opi
197:Ife
391::
97:.
61:^
38:.
145:e
138:t
131:v
115:.
79:.
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