71:
867:
911:
749:
In loanwords from
Persian and Arabic, palatal are always followed by front vowels, whereas velar are always followed by back vowels, regardless of the vowel harmony.
1539:
2190:
1801:
704:
269:
appears only in borrowings from
Persian and is excluded from normal vowel harmony rules. In most dialects, its status as a vowel distinct from
1806:
1769:
798:
846:
648:
587:
1532:
1495:
1473:
958:
932:
1641:
831:
816:
628:
594:
533:
2027:
2014:
1568:
579:
189:
42:
24:
1429:
2225:
1593:
1366:
936:
1124:-initial suffixes, such as -LA, a denominal verbal suffix, and -LÚ, a denominal adjectival suffix, may surface either with
2185:
2150:
1791:
1583:
1525:
897:
Stress is usually always put on the last vowel except for loanwords. Recent loanwords often retain their original stress.
555:
1781:
1734:
1578:
1389:
620:
233:
2329:
134:
921:
2163:
1709:
1664:
1598:
1573:
657:
525:
453:
276:
196:
158:
153:
940:
925:
1882:
1811:
1669:
1654:
733:
602:
221:
216:
184:
146:
141:
2324:
2195:
1887:
1821:
1786:
460:
313:
170:
165:
983:), and devoicing to after voiceless consonants; e.g. the definite accusative suffix -NI patterns like this:
261:
is that the latter is more back. In affix vowel space, they can have the same backness, and differ by height.
2039:
1932:
1902:
1867:
1659:
1603:
1588:
779:
485:
469:
209:
204:
2293:
2080:
1897:
1796:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1054:
1050:
980:
976:
972:
840:
825:
810:
804:
792:
775:
765:
753:
741:
724:
718:
714:
698:
691:
687:
396:
309:
299:
292:
288:
282:
270:
266:
258:
254:
228:
38:
34:
20:
1914:
1907:
1816:
1729:
1724:
673:
640:
492:
423:
416:
2283:
2145:
2055:
2034:
1944:
1681:
1053:
also show desonorisation and devoicing, though only after consonants of equal or lower sonority than
844:
829:
814:
796:
759:
757:
739:
731:
702:
501:
274:
2273:
2180:
2158:
2115:
2100:
2065:
2009:
1954:
1949:
1828:
1714:
1691:
1636:
1431:
Phonetic and
Phonological Problems in Kyrgyz: A Fulbrighter's plans for gathering data in the field
565:
509:
2170:
1979:
1924:
1919:
1874:
1833:
1626:
1552:
432:
391:
2070:
1517:
2298:
2263:
2248:
2232:
2220:
2205:
2175:
2135:
2105:
2085:
2075:
2019:
1999:
1989:
1974:
1959:
1854:
1849:
1776:
1746:
1741:
1719:
1701:
1696:
1686:
1676:
1491:
1469:
1362:
783:
612:
544:
478:
2278:
2210:
2200:
2140:
2130:
2125:
2110:
2095:
2090:
1994:
1862:
1756:
1649:
1631:
1621:
403:
386:
381:
305:
In colloquial speech, word-final vowels are dropped when the next word begins with a vowel.
2288:
2268:
2253:
2215:
2120:
2060:
1984:
1969:
1964:
1937:
1764:
1751:
1178:
665:
410:
59:
1505:
70:
2303:
2258:
440:
866:
2318:
571:
515:
446:
1507:
Insights on Coda
Cluster Phonology in Kazakh and Kyrgyz from a Split-Margin Approach
312:
may be both short and long. Long vowels are the result of historical elisions (e.g.
1438:
1484:
Phonetic
Grounding and Phonology: Vowel Backness Harmony and Vowel Height Harmony
1418:
Where Turkic stress falls: Challenging final-stress analyses in Kazakh and Kyrgyz
910:
727:
are palatal in words with front vowels, and uvular in words with back vowels.
128:
94:
1464:
Kirchner, Mark (1998), "21 Kirghiz", in
Johanson, Lars; Csató, Eva Á. (eds.),
178:
99:
1398:
1548:
1376:
55:
51:
1416:
1487:
285:
before syllables with phonological front vowels, e.g. "àydöş" 'sloping'.
30:
75:
1391:
Root Vowels and Affix Vowels: Height
Effects in Kyrgyz Vowel Harmony
69:
1482:
Linebaugh, Gary Dean (2007), "5.2.1.1 Tatar, Kyrgyz, and Yakut",
1521:
904:
861:
1207:
1205:
281:
which appears as a result of regressive assimilation of
250:
describes the former as more typical and more condensed.
878:
246:
Kyrgyz vowel space is different in affixes and stems.
1312:
1310:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
29:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2241:
2048:
1842:
1614:
78:chart showing the stem vowel space of Kyrgyz. From
1057:, e.g. the plural suffix -LAr patterns like this:
764:when it is surrounded by vowels or the consonants
302:is pronounced as a long vowel with falling pitch.
253:In stem vowel space, the main difference between
43:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
778:occur only in foreign borrowings, mostly from
1533:
8:
1166:
1157:
1147:
1137:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1038:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1002:
993:
984:
298:The sequence of any vowel and the consonant
1378:An Investigation of Kyrgyz Rounding Harmony
1340:
1248:
1223:
939:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1540:
1526:
1518:
1468:, Taylor & Francis, pp. 344–356,
1259:
1235:
1211:
273:is questionable. There is also a phonetic
247:
79:
959:Learn how and when to remove this message
372:
85:
1189:
7:
1415:Washington, Jonathan North (2006c),
1388:Washington, Jonathan North (2006b),
1375:Washington, Jonathan North (2006a),
1328:
1316:
1301:
1282:
1196:
937:adding citations to reliable sources
33:. For the distinction between ,
1504:Washington, Jonathan North (2009),
1428:Washington, Jonathan North (2007),
971:In Kyrgyz, suffixes beginning with
14:
672:
656:
647:
627:
619:
601:
593:
586:
578:
554:
532:
524:
500:
491:
484:
468:
459:
452:
431:
422:
415:
316:) and contractions. For example,
232:
227:
220:
215:
208:
203:
195:
188:
183:
169:
164:
157:
152:
145:
140:
133:
979:to after consonants (including
909:
865:
25:International Phonetic Alphabet
1:
901:Desonorisation and devoicing
821:before voiceless consonants.
752:Word-final and word-initial
1770:Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect
1357:Kara, Dávid Somfai (2003),
975:show desonorisation of the
2346:
374:Kyrgyz consonant phonemes
291:are sometimes transcribed
50:This article is about the
1559:
1167:
1158:
1148:
1138:
664:
639:
564:
508:
439:
409:
378:
98:
93:
91:
1049:Suffixes beginning with
314:compensatory lengthening
243:Notes on vowel quality:
1802:Regional North American
709:in back vowel contexts.
21:phonetic transcriptions
2226:Dialects and varieties
1797:Received Pronunciation
1642:American Sign Language
1113:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1012:
1003:
994:
985:
789:In colloquial speech:
690:are alveolar, whereas
87:Kyrgyz vowel phonemes
83:
18:This article contains
843:is often devoiced to
344:"wealth" < Arabic
73:
1490:, pp. 121–123,
1466:The Turkic Languages
1179:Kyrgyz language#Case
933:improve this section
2151:Proto-Indo-European
1807:White South African
1181:for more examples.
813:is deaffricated to
717:are velar, whereas
375:
328:"mare" (cf. Kazakh
88:
2330:Turkic phonologies
1341:Washington (2006c)
1331:, pp. 14, 16.
1249:Washington (2006a)
1224:Washington (2006b)
1156:('to net/weave'),
1120:('heads'). Other
877:. You can help by
807:or between vowels.
373:
86:
84:
2312:
2311:
1812:Standard Canadian
1553:world's languages
1361:, Lincom Europa,
1260:Washington (2007)
1236:Washington (2007)
1212:Washington (2007)
969:
968:
961:
895:
894:
828:can be voiced to
684:
683:
336:"mountain" < *
248:Washington (2007)
240:
239:
2337:
2164:Kerkrade dialect
1787:General American
1542:
1535:
1528:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1500:
1478:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1443:
1437:, archived from
1436:
1424:
1423:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1403:
1397:, archived from
1396:
1384:
1383:
1371:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1305:
1299:
1286:
1280:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1200:
1194:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1154:
1145:
1144:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1009:
1000:
991:
982:
978:
974:
964:
957:
953:
950:
944:
913:
905:
890:
887:
869:
862:
850:
842:
835:
827:
820:
812:
806:
802:
794:
777:
767:
763:
755:
745:
738:is often voiced
737:
726:
720:
716:
708:
700:
693:
689:
676:
660:
651:
631:
623:
615:
605:
597:
590:
582:
574:
558:
547:
536:
528:
518:
504:
495:
488:
481:
472:
463:
456:
449:
435:
426:
419:
376:
311:
301:
294:
290:
284:
280:
272:
268:
260:
256:
236:
231:
224:
219:
212:
207:
199:
192:
187:
173:
168:
161:
156:
149:
144:
137:
123:
118:
113:
108:
89:
80:Washington (2007
40:
36:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2325:Kyrgyz language
2315:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2237:
2191:Scottish Gaelic
2044:
1898:Standard Modern
1838:
1650:Modern Standard
1610:
1555:
1546:
1516:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1481:
1476:
1463:
1459:
1457:Further reading
1454:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1381:
1374:
1369:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:, pp. 2–3.
1339:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1308:
1300:
1289:
1281:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1247:For example by
1246:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1001:('the month'),
965:
954:
948:
945:
930:
914:
903:
891:
885:
882:
875:needs expansion
860:
611:
570:
543:
514:
477:
445:
398:
390:
371:
308:All vowels but
193:
121:
116:
111:
106:
68:
60:Kyrgyz language
48:
47:
46:
12:
11:
5:
2343:
2341:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2317:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2196:Serbo-Croatian
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1522:
1515:
1514:
1501:
1497:978-0549340874
1496:
1479:
1475:978-0415412612
1474:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1425:
1412:
1385:
1372:
1367:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1306:
1287:
1264:
1252:
1240:
1228:
1216:
1201:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1046:('the head').
1028:('the dawn'),
1019:('the hand'),
992:('the boat'),
967:
966:
917:
915:
908:
902:
899:
893:
892:
872:
870:
859:
856:
855:
854:
853:
852:
837:
822:
808:
795:is lenited to
787:
773:
772:
771:
770:
769:
750:
747:
712:
711:
710:
682:
681:
679:
677:
670:
668:
662:
661:
654:
652:
645:
643:
637:
636:
634:
632:
625:
616:
608:
607:
598:
591:
584:
575:
568:
562:
561:
559:
552:
550:
548:
540:
539:
537:
530:
521:
519:
512:
506:
505:
498:
496:
489:
482:
474:
473:
466:
464:
457:
450:
443:
437:
436:
429:
427:
420:
413:
407:
406:
401:
394:
384:
379:
370:
367:
366:
365:
360:"fifty" < *
352:"great" < *
306:
303:
296:
286:
264:
263:
262:
251:
238:
237:
225:
213:
201:
181:
175:
174:
162:
150:
138:
131:
125:
124:
119:
114:
109:
103:
102:
97:
92:
67:
64:
41:⟩, see
17:
16:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2342:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2040:Luxembourgish
2038:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2028:Maastrichtian
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1569:Orthographies
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1509:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1477:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1444:on 2016-01-13
1440:
1433:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1404:on 2007-01-13
1400:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1322:
1319:, p. 14.
1318:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1304:, p. 11.
1303:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1285:, p. 16.
1284:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1262:, p. 12.
1261:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1238:, p. 11.
1237:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1214:, p. 10.
1213:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1199:, p. 10.
1198:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1174:('various').
1171:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1063:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1037:('the eye'),
1035:
1034:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1016:
1010:('the net'),
1008:
1007:
999:
998:
990:
989:
963:
960:
952:
942:
938:
934:
928:
927:
923:
918:This section
916:
912:
907:
906:
900:
898:
889:
880:
876:
873:This section
871:
868:
864:
863:
857:
848:
838:
833:
824:Intervocalic
823:
818:
809:
800:
791:
790:
788:
785:
781:
780:Indo-European
774:
766:/m,n,ŋ,l,r,j/
761:
756:is voiced to
751:
748:
743:
735:
730:Word-initial
729:
728:
723:
722:
713:
706:
701:is velarized
696:
695:
692:/t,d,t͡s,s,z/
686:
685:
680:
678:
675:
671:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
653:
650:
646:
644:
642:
638:
635:
633:
630:
626:
622:
617:
614:
610:
609:
604:
599:
596:
592:
589:
585:
581:
576:
573:
569:
567:
563:
560:
557:
553:
551:
549:
546:
542:
541:
538:
535:
531:
527:
522:
520:
517:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
497:
494:
490:
487:
483:
480:
476:
475:
471:
467:
465:
462:
458:
455:
451:
448:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
428:
425:
421:
418:
414:
412:
408:
405:
402:
400:
395:
393:
388:
385:
383:
380:
377:
368:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
320:"rain" < *
319:
315:
307:
304:
297:
293:/ɪ,ʏ,ʊ,ɛ,œ,ɔ/
289:/i,y,u,e,ø,o/
287:
278:
265:
252:
249:
245:
244:
242:
241:
235:
230:
226:
223:
218:
214:
211:
206:
202:
198:
191:
186:
182:
180:
177:
176:
172:
167:
163:
160:
155:
151:
148:
143:
139:
136:
132:
130:
127:
126:
120:
115:
110:
105:
104:
101:
96:
90:
81:
77:
72:
65:
63:
61:
57:
53:
44:
32:
28:
26:
22:
2294:West Frisian
2081:Massachusett
2004:
1594:Prepositions
1563:
1506:
1483:
1465:
1446:, retrieved
1439:the original
1430:
1417:
1406:, retrieved
1399:the original
1390:
1377:
1358:
1350:Bibliography
1336:
1324:
1255:
1243:
1231:
1226:, p. 2.
1219:
1192:
1176:
1169:
1160:
1150:
1140:
1115:
1106:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1075:('months'),
1070:
1061:
1048:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1005:
996:
987:
970:
955:
946:
931:Please help
919:
896:
883:
879:adding to it
874:
721:is palatal.
694:are dental.
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
49:
37:and ⟨
19:
2024:Limburgish
1915:Greenlandic
1792:New Zealand
1725:Northern Wu
1584:Determiners
1564:Phonologies
1549:Phonologies
1329:Kara (2003)
1317:Kara (2003)
1302:Kara (2003)
1283:Kara (2003)
1197:Kara (2003)
1102:('dawns'),
1093:('hands'),
1066:('boats'),
839:Word-final
776:/f,v,t͡s,x/
697:the liquid
641:Approximant
2319:Categories
2284:Vietnamese
2155:Ripuarian
2146:Portuguese
2056:Macedonian
2035:Lithuanian
1945:Hindustani
1782:Australian
1735:Historical
1682:Belarusian
1579:Adjectives
1448:2015-04-06
1408:2015-04-06
1368:3895868434
1185:References
1111:('eyes'),
1084:('nets'),
949:April 2015
886:April 2015
369:Consonants
2274:Ukrainian
2181:Sardinian
2159:Colognian
2116:Old Saxon
2101:Norwegian
2066:Maldivian
2010:Latgalian
1955:Icelandic
1950:Hungarian
1829:Esperanto
1715:Cantonese
1692:Bulgarian
1665:Levantine
1637:Afrikaans
920:does not
715:/ŋ,k,ɡ,x/
572:voiceless
566:Fricative
516:voiceless
510:Affricate
447:voiceless
117:unrounded
107:unrounded
56:phonetics
52:phonology
2171:Romanian
1980:Japanese
1938:Biblical
1925:Hawaiian
1920:Gujarati
1883:Standard
1875:Galician
1863:Parisian
1834:Estonian
1765:Standard
1710:Mandarin
1706:Chinese
1670:Tunisian
1655:Egyptian
1627:Acehnese
1599:Pronouns
1574:Grammars
1488:ProQuest
399:alveolar
392:alveolar
35:/ /
31:Help:IPA
2299:Yiddish
2264:Turkish
2249:Tagalog
2233:Swedish
2221:Spanish
2206:Slovene
2176:Russian
2136:Persian
2106:Occitan
2086:Medumba
2076:Marathi
2020:Latvian
2000:Kurdish
1990:Konkani
1975:Italian
1960:Ingrian
1929:Hebrew
1903:Ancient
1888:Bernese
1879:German
1859:French
1855:Finnish
1850:Faroese
1777:English
1747:Cornish
1742:Chukchi
1720:Hokkien
1702:Catalan
1697:Burmese
1687:Bengali
1677:Avestan
1646:Arabic
1551:of the
1136:; e.g.
941:removed
926:sources
805:/l,r,j/
784:Semitic
688:/n,l,r/
441:Plosive
122:rounded
112:rounded
76:formant
58:of the
23:in the
2279:Uyghur
2211:Somali
2201:Slovak
2141:Polish
2131:Pashto
2126:Ottawa
2111:Ojibwe
2096:Nepali
2091:Navajo
2005:Kyrgyz
1995:Korean
1933:Modern
1894:Greek
1868:Quebec
1822:Middle
1761:Dutch
1757:Danish
1660:Hejazi
1632:Adyghe
1622:Abkhaz
1494:
1472:
1365:
1359:Kyrgyz
1132:after
858:Stress
803:after
613:voiced
545:voiced
479:voiced
404:Dorsal
387:Dental
382:Labial
346:daulat
66:Vowels
39:
2289:Welsh
2269:Ubykh
2254:Tamil
2216:Sotho
2186:Scots
2121:Oromo
2071:Māori
2061:Malay
2015:Latin
1985:Kiowa
1970:Irish
1965:Inuit
1908:Koine
1752:Czech
1604:Verbs
1589:Nouns
1511:(PDF)
1442:(PDF)
1435:(PDF)
1422:(PDF)
1402:(PDF)
1395:(PDF)
1382:(PDF)
849:]
845:[
834:]
830:[
819:]
815:[
811:/t͡ʃ/
801:]
797:[
762:]
758:[
744:]
740:[
736:]
732:[
725:/k,ɡ/
707:]
703:[
666:Trill
411:Nasal
397:Post-
362:elliğ
342:dőlöt
279:]
275:[
129:Close
95:Front
82::10).
27:(IPA)
2304:Zuni
2259:Taos
1492:ISBN
1470:ISBN
1363:ISBN
1177:See
1060:ķeme
986:ķeme
924:any
922:cite
782:and
354:uluğ
330:biye
257:and
179:Open
100:Back
54:and
2242:T–Z
2049:M–S
1843:F–L
1817:Old
1730:Old
1615:A–E
1170:лүү
1168:түр
1161:дүү
1159:түр
1149:тор
1139:тор
1134:/r/
1130:/d/
1128:or
1126:/l/
1122:/l/
1116:tar
1114:baş
1107:dör
1105:ķöz
1098:dar
1096:tañ
1089:dor
1087:kol
1080:lor
1078:tor
1071:lar
1062:ļer
1055:/l/
1051:/l/
1040:baş
1031:ķöz
1022:tañ
1013:kol
1004:tor
981:/j/
977:/n/
973:/n/
935:by
881:.
841:/z/
826:/s/
793:/b/
754:/k/
719:/j/
699:/l/
556:d͡ʒ
534:t͡ʃ
526:t͡s
358:elű
350:ulú
338:tağ
334:too
332:);
322:yağ
310:/i/
300:/z/
283:/ɑ/
271:/ɑ/
267:/a/
259:/i/
255:/e/
2321::
1486:,
1309:^
1290:^
1267:^
1204:^
1151:ло
1141:до
1069:ay
1042:tı
1033:dü
1024:dı
1015:du
1006:du
997:dı
995:ay
988:ņi
624:)
606:)
583:)
529:)
356:;
348:;
340:;
326:bé
324:;
318:já
234:oː
222:ɑː
210:øː
200:)
190:eː
171:uː
159:ɯː
147:yː
74:A
62:.
1541:e
1534:t
1527:v
1165:/
1153:-
1146:/
1143:-
962:)
956:(
951:)
947:(
943:.
929:.
888:)
884:(
851:.
847:s
836:.
832:z
817:ʃ
799:w
786:.
768:.
760:ɡ
746:.
742:ɟ
734:c
705:ɫ
674:r
658:j
649:l
629:z
621:v
618:(
603:x
600:(
595:ʃ
588:s
580:f
577:(
523:(
502:ɡ
493:d
486:b
470:k
461:t
454:p
433:ŋ
424:n
417:m
389:/
364:.
295:.
277:a
229:o
217:ɑ
205:ø
197:a
194:(
185:e
166:u
154:ɯ
142:y
135:i
45:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
