German battleship Tirpitz - Knowledge (XXG)

834: 1998: 1579: 2319: 2125: 61: 1880: 5680: 5663: 4946: 4929: 5675: 5655: 4941: 4921: 1744: 1045: 2345:(3rd Wing of the 5th Fighter Group), was blamed for the Luftwaffe's failure to intercept the British bombers. He was court-martialled in Oslo and threatened with the death penalty. Evidence was presented that his unit had failed to help the Kriegsmarine when requested. He was sentenced to three years in prison, but was released after a month, demoted, and reassigned to an 1276: 1982:

contaminated the feed water. Some 2,000 t (2,000 long tons) of water flooded the ship, primarily through the two holes in the side shell created by shell splinters from near misses. Water used to fight the fires also contributed to the flooding. Dönitz ordered the ship be repaired, regardless of the cost, despite the fact that he understood

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armour decks and came to rest in the No. 4 switchboard room. Its fuze had been damaged and the bomb did not detonate. The second, a 500-pound (230 kg) bomb, exploded causing superficial damage. Six aircraft were shot down in the attack. Goodwood IV followed on 29 August, with 34 bombers and 25 fighters from

693:. The ships secretly exceeded the figure by a wide margin, though before either vessel was completed, the international treaty system had fallen apart following Japan's withdrawal in 1937, allowing signatories to invoke an "escalator clause" that permitted displacements as high as 45,000 long tons (46,000 t). 2301:

The amidships hit caused significant flooding and quickly increased the port list to between 15 and 20 degrees. In ten minutes the list increased to 30 to 40 degrees, and the captain issued the order to abandon ship. The list increased to 60 degrees by 09:50; this appeared to stabilise

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s 38 cm fragmentation shells proved ineffective in countering the high-level bombers; one aircraft was damaged by ground-based anti-aircraft guns. Following the attack, the ship's anchorage was significantly improved. A large sandbank was constructed under and around the ship to prevent her from

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near Narvik. By this time, the ship needed a major overhaul. Hitler had forbidden the ship to make the dangerous return to Germany, and so the overhaul was conducted in Trondheim. On 23 October, the ship left Bogenfjord and returned to Fættenfjord outside Trondheim. The defences of the anchorage were

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rapidly rolled over and buried her superstructure in the sea floor. In the aftermath of the attack, 82 men trapped in the upturned hull were rescued by cutting through the exposed bottom. Figures for the death toll vary from approximately 950 to 1,204. Approximately 200 survivors of the sinking were

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s main guns forced the bombers to disperse temporarily, but could not break up the attack. A force of 32 Lancasters from Nos. 9 and 617 Squadrons dropped 29 Tallboys on the ship, landing two direct hits and one near miss. Several other bombs landed within the anti-torpedo net barrier and caused

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could no longer be used in a surface action because of insufficient fighter support. Repair work began in early May; destroyers ferried important equipment and workers from Kiel to Altafjord over the span of three days. By 2 June, the ship was again able to steam under her own power, and by the

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s anti-aircraft batteries to be fully manned. The first wave struck at 05:29, as tugs were preparing to assist the ship out of her mooring. The second wave arrived over the target an hour later, shortly after 06:30. Despite the alertness of the German anti-aircraft gunners, only one other bomber was

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fired 52 main-battery shells and 82 rounds from her 15 cm secondaries. This was the first and only time the ship fired her main battery at an enemy surface target. An assault force destroyed shore installations and captured 74 prisoners. By 11:00, the battleships had destroyed their targets and

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dive-bombers carrying 500-pound (230 kg), 600-pound (270 kg) and 1,600-pound (730 kg) armour-piercing bombs and 40 escorting fighters in two waves, scoring fifteen direct hits and two near misses. The aircraft achieved surprise, and only one was lost in the first wave; it took twelve

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was known as the "Lonely Queen of the North" because she was so rarely deployed, and life for her crew was very monotonous. Frequent fuel shortages curtailed training and kept the battleship and her escorts moored behind their protective netting. The crew was primarily occupied with maintaining the

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was 320 mm (13 in) thick and was covered by a pair of upper and main armoured decks that were 50 mm (2 in) and 100 to 120 mm (3.9 to 4.7 in) thick, respectively. The 38 cm turrets were protected by 360 mm (14 in) thick faces and 220 mm (8.7 in)

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retained a one-degree list to port from earlier damage, and this was not corrected by counter-flooding to retain as much reserve buoyancy as possible. The ship was also prepared for her role as a floating artillery platform: fuel was limited to what was necessary to power the turbo-generators, and

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forward. The ship was rendered unseaworthy and was limited to 8 to 10 knots (15 to 19 km/h; 9.2 to 11.5 mph). Concussive shock caused severe damage to fire-control equipment. The damage persuaded the naval command to repair the ship for use only as a floating gun battery. Repair work was

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of one to two degrees, which was balanced by counter-flooding on the starboard side. The flooding damaged all of the turbo-generators in generator room No. 2, and all apart from one generator in generator room No. 1 were disabled by broken steam lines or severed power cables. Turret Dora was

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The mines damaged the ship extensively. The first exploded abreast of turret Caesar, and the second detonated 45 to 55 m (148 to 180 ft) off the port bow. A fuel oil tank was ruptured, shell plating was torn, a large indentation was formed in the bottom of the ship, and bulkheads in the

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rapidly. A deck fire spread to the ammunition magazine for one of the main battery turrets, which caused a large explosion. Figures for the number of men killed in the attack range from 950 to 1,204. Between 1948 and 1957, the wreck was broken up by a joint Norwegian and German salvage operation.

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and three of the attacking aircraft were shot down. Goodwood III followed on 24 August, composed of aircraft from the fleet carriers only. Forty-eight bombers and 29 fighters attacked the ship and scored two hits which caused minor damage. One, a 1,600-pound bomb, penetrated the upper and lower

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The air strikes did not penetrate the main armour but nonetheless caused significant damage to the ship's superstructure and inflicted serious casualties. William Garzke and Robert Dulin report the attack killed 122 men and wounded 316 others, while Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz report 132

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Hans Meyer. Two of the 15 cm turrets were destroyed by bombs, and both Ar 196 floatplanes were destroyed. Several of the bomb hits caused serious fires aboard the ship. Concussive shock disabled the starboard turbine engine, and saltwater used to fight the fires reached the boilers and

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A series of carrier strikes was planned over the next three months, but bad weather forced their cancellation. A repeat of Operation Tungsten, codenamed Operation Planet, was scheduled for 24 April. Operation Brawn, which was to have been carried out by 27 bombers and 36 fighters from

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between the aircraft catapult and the funnel and caused severe damage. A very large hole was blown in the ship's side and bottom; the entire section of belt armour abreast of the bomb hit was completely destroyed. A third bomb may have struck the port side of turret Caesar.

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and Robert Dulin remarked that the successful repair effort was "one of the most notable feats of naval engineering during the Second World War". Repairs lasted until 2 April 1944; full speed trials were scheduled for the following day in Altafjord.

2258: 2184:), scored a single hit on the ship's bow. The Tallboy penetrated the ship, exited the keel, and exploded in the bottom of the fjord. The bow was flooded with 800 to 1,000 t (790 to 980 long tons) of water, causing a serious increase in 1243:

at the end of January to be abandoned. A planned British air attack at the end of January by four-engined heavy bombers was disrupted by poor weather over the target, which prevented the aircraft from finding the ship. In early February,

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significant cratering of the seabed; this removed much of the sandbank that had been constructed to prevent the ship from capsizing. One bomb penetrated the ship's deck between turrets Anton and Bruno but failed to explode. A second hit

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temporarily. Eight minutes later, a large explosion rocked turret Caesar. The turret roof and part of the rotating structure were thrown 25 m (82 ft) into the air and into a group of men swimming to shore, crushing them.

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end of the month gunnery trials were possible. During the repair process, the 15 cm guns were modified to allow their use against aircraft, and specially fuzed 38 cm shells for barrage anti-aircraft fire were supplied.

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was equipped with Model 23 search radars mounted on the forward, foretop, and rear rangefinders. These were later replaced with Model 27 and then Model 26 radars, which had a larger antenna array. A Model 30 radar, known as the

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attacked; five of the bombers were shot down. Another raid, composed of twenty-three Halifaxes and eleven Lancasters, took place the following night. Two of the bombers were shot down by the German anti-aircraft defences.

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fighter squadron in Germany. Ehrler was exonerated by further investigations which concluded poor communication between the Kriegsmarine and the Luftwaffe had caused the fiasco; the aircrews had not been informed that

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thrown from its bearings and could not be rotated; this was particularly significant, as there were no heavy-lift cranes in Norway powerful enough to lift the turret and place it back on its bearings. The ship's two

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was awarded the contract, where the keel was laid on 20 October 1936. The hull was launched on 1 April 1939; during the elaborate ceremonies, the ship was christened by Ilse von Hassell, the daughter of Admiral

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carried out the attack together, which resulted in only one near miss, partially the result of bad weather over the target. The underwater explosion damaged the port rudder and shaft and caused some flooding.

2256: 1087:, agreed to the proposal. The ship was taken into dock for modifications for the deployment. The ship's anti-aircraft battery was strengthened, and the 10.5 cm guns on the superstructure next to the 1452:

attacked the ship; they scored no hits, and five aircraft were shot down. The RAF launched a pair of unsuccessful strikes in late April. On the night of 27–28 April, thirty-one Halifaxes and twelve

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of 10.60 m (34 ft 9 in). Her standard crew numbered 103 officers and 1,962 enlisted men; during the war this was increased to 108 officers and 2,500 men. She was powered by three

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remained in place until after the war, when a joint German-Norwegian company began salvage operations. Work lasted from 1948 until 1957; fragments of the ship were sold by a Norwegian company.

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took part in the deceptions that distracted the British in the run-up to Operation Cerberus. These included steaming out of the fjord and the appearance of preparations for a sortie into the

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on 9 March, but Admiral Otto Ciliax, the commander of the German squadron, had decided to return to port the previous evening. An air attack was launched early on the 9th; twelve

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transmitted the location to London. She was moored next to a cliff, which protected the ship from air attacks from the southwest. The ship's crew cut down trees and placed them aboard

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fired two or four torpedoes at the ship, all of which missed. The Soviets claimed two hits on the battleship. Swedish intelligence had meanwhile reported the German departures to the

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further strengthened; additional anti-aircraft guns were installed, and double anti-torpedo nets were laid around the vessel. The repairs were conducted in limited phases, so

4296: 4190: 1633:, but before they could be launched, rough seas caused them to break away from the fishing vessel which was towing them. By 28 December, the overhaul had been completed, and 4980: 2463:

John Sweetman states that 1,000 out of a crew of 1,900 were killed, while Niklas Zetterling and Michael Tamelander estimated nearly 1,000 deaths. Siegfried Breyer and

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were moved outboard to increase their field of fire. The two quadruple 53.3 cm torpedo tube mounts were also installed during this refit. The ship's commander,

2887: 1470:, which greatly reduced the available fuel supply. It took the Germans three months to replenish the fuel spent in the attempt to intercept the two Allied convoys. 5759: 5749: 1997: 833: 5769: 5754: 2253: 2116:. The battleship expended 54 rounds from her main guns, 161 from the 15 cm guns and up to 20 per cent of her light anti-aircraft ammunition. 1802:. The X Craft were towed by large submarines to their destinations, where they could slip under anti-torpedo nets and each drop two powerful two-tonne 1851:

buckled. Some 1,430 t (1,410 long tons) of water flooded the ship in fuel tanks and void spaces in the double bottom of the port side, which caused a

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arrived in Norway in March 1943, Allied convoys to the Soviet Union had temporarily ceased. To give the ships an opportunity to work together, Admiral

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s activities until 17 January, well after the ship had arrived in Norway. On 16 January, British aerial reconnaissance located the ship in Trondheim.

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was launched two and a half years later. Work was completed in February 1941, when she was commissioned into the German fleet. Like her sister ship,

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agree on 1,204 deaths, and Gordon Williamson gives the death toll at 971. William Garzke and Robert Dulin place the number of deaths at "about 950".

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and the Luftwaffe. The scattered vessels could no longer be protected by the convoy escorts, and the Germans sank 21 of the 34 isolated transports.

5779: 5304: 4289: 4183: 1189:. Additional anti-aircraft batteries were installed around the fjord, as were anti-torpedo nets and heavy booms in the entrance to the anchorage. 5246: 5695: 4973: 2199:. On 15 October, the ship made the 200 nmi (370 km; 230 mi) trip to Tromsø under her own power, the last voyage of her career. 1806:

onto the sea bed under the target. Ten vessels were assigned to the operation, scheduled for 20–25 September 1943. Only eight of them reached

1773:. Following the repeated, ineffectual bombing attacks and the failed torpedo attack in October 1942, the British turned to the newly designed 5764: 5739: 4121: 4095: 4076: 4057: 4038: 4017: 3998: 3979: 3957: 3935: 3916: 3897: 3878: 3859: 3840: 3821: 3778: 3759: 3737: 3718: 3699: 3680: 3661: 3642: 3620: 1313: 1147:, just north-east of Trondheim. The movement was codenamed Operation Polarnacht (Polar Night); the battleship was escorted by the destroyers 4522: 4636: 4311: 2318: 1557:, which ordered the convoy to disperse. Aware that they had been detected, the Germans aborted the operation and turned over the attack to 2283:, took place on 12 November 1944. The ship again used her 38 cm guns against the bombers, which approached the battleship at 09:35; 1120:

messages sent by the German navy, detected the departure of the vessel, but poor weather in Britain prevented action by the RAF. Admiral

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anti-aircraft guns. The number of 2 cm guns was eventually increased to 58. After 1942, eight 53.3 cm (21 in) above-water

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s freedom of operation in Norway. The most pressing were shortages of fuel and the withdrawal of the German destroyer forces to support

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to tie down British naval assets and deter an Allied invasion of Norway. Hitler, who had forbidden an Atlantic sortie after the loss of

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work was completed by February 1941. British bombers repeatedly attacked the harbour in which the ship was being built; no bombs struck

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ship and continuously manning anti-aircraft defences. Sports activities were organised to keep the crew occupied and physically fit.

5407: 5297: 5177: 4966: 4940: 4936: 4600: 2051:, which was carried out in bad weather on 17 July by 62 bombers and 30 fighters. In late August the weather improved, allowing the 2185: 1483: 5395: 5012: 1861: 1687: 1622:

was built around the stern to allow the replacement of the ship's rudders. During the repair process, the British attempted to

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and three of the destroyers struck uncharted rocks while en route to the rendezvous and had to return to port. Shortly after

4156: – unpublished photo originated from a private photo album of Soviet Air Forces pilot-observer Feodossiy S. Goryachiy. 5784: 5341: 1514: 1218: 1172: 950: 589: 2884: 1686:, which housed a British weather station and refuelling base. Spitzbergen was defended by a garrison of 152 men from the 543:

briefly served as the centrepiece of the Baltic Fleet, which was intended to prevent a possible break-out attempt by the

5375: 5291: 5154: 4439: 4423: 4417: 4245: 4236: 659: 547:. In early 1942, the ship sailed to Norway to act as a deterrent against an Allied invasion. While stationed in Norway, 5183: 5123: 5117: 5061: 4028: 1224: 1121: 2010:, visible centre right in a British aerial reconnaissance photograph in spite of artificial smoke generated on shore 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5219: 5035: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4800: 4654: 4213: 2052: 2019: 1879: 1520: 1230: 1014: 965: 672: 652: 505: 4675: 4199: 3852:

Battleships of the Bismarck Class: Bismarck and Tirpitz, Culmination and Finale of German Battleship Construction

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had been torpedoed by a British submarine at the entrance to the Fættenfjord, and was temporarily out of action.

634: 628: 602:, the only time the ship used her main battery in an offensive role. Shortly thereafter, the ship was damaged in 455: 138: 5536: 5415: 5400: 5359: 5274: 4861: 4680: 4648: 4554: 4511: 2124: 442: 5588: 5427: 5386: 5328: 5261: 5206: 5200: 5148: 5004: 4752: 4663: 4610: 4490: 4376: 2055:. Operations Goodwood I and II were launched on 22 August; a carrier force consisting of the fleet carriers 2042: 1843:

was detected 200 m (660 ft) from the nets and sunk by a combination of gunfire and depth charges.

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Panzerschiff Deutschland, Schwerer Kreuzer Lützow: ein Schiffs-Schicksal vor den Hintergründen seiner Zeit

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be deployed to Norway. The ship would be able to attack convoys bound for the Soviet Union, and act as a

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estimated to take nine months, but patching of the holes could be effected within a few weeks, allowing

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turrets forward—Anton and Bruno—and two aft—Caesar and Dora. Her secondary armament consisted of twelve

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Unknown to the Germans, Admiral Tovey was providing distant support to the convoys with the battleship

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s anti-aircraft gunners shot down two of the British aircraft. After the conclusion of the attack,

1186: 709: 557:, and two such missions were attempted in 1942. This was the only feasible role for her, since the 544: 4537: 3788:

Hartl, Claudia; Konter, Oliver; St George, Scott; Kirchhefer, Andreas; Scholz, Denis; Esper, Jan.

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wrote in his history of the vessel that she "lived an invalid's life and died a cripple's death".

1951:, was set for 4 April 1944, but rescheduled a day earlier when Enigma decrypts revealed that 5578: 5564: 5128: 4839: 4832: 4483: 2262: 2173: 2142: 2113: 1946: 1914: 1896: 1889: 1214: 987: 880: 804: 477: 77: 1094: 5466: 4544: 4467: 4370: 4117: 4091: 4072: 4053: 4034: 4013: 3994: 3975: 3953: 3931: 3912: 3893: 3874: 3855: 3836: 3817: 3774: 3755: 3733: 3714: 3695: 3676: 3657: 3638: 3616: 2207: 2146: 1940: 1928: 1852: 1774: 1554: 1448:, and from there to Trondheim, arriving on the evening of 13 March. On 30 March, thirty-three 1374: 1088: 812: 745: 741: 606:

and subsequently subjected to a series of large-scale air raids. On 12 November 1944, British

501: 422: 222: 215: 756:) and yielded a maximum speed of 30.8 knots (57.0 km/h; 35.4 mph) on speed trials. 5487: 4460: 4432: 4344: 4321: 3945: 2342: 2215: 2048: 2015: 1958: 1934: 1922: 1781: 1777: 1738: 1474:, which left Iceland on 27 June bound for the Soviet Union, was the next convoy targeted by 1398: 1363: 1346:, with a design speed of 26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph), was too slow to operate with 932:. A temporary Baltic Fleet was created to prevent the breakout of the Soviet fleet based in 884: 603: 178: 5636: 5550: 5319: 4892: 4502: 4144: 2891: 2846: 2363: 2338: 2165: 2070: 1648: 1640: 1623: 1572: 1420: 1236: 1027: 858: 776: 737: 721: 690: 558: 335: 253: 122: 3747: 2464: 1103:, pronounced the ship ready for combat operations on 10 January 1942. The following day, 817:

fire-control radar was added on her stern 10.5 cm (4.1 in) Flak rangefinders.

5522: 5515: 4620: 4582: 2169: 2109: 2033:, was to have taken place on 15 May, and Operation Tiger Claw was intended for 28 May. 1690:. The two battleships, escorted by ten destroyers, left port on 6 September; in a 1671: 1489: 1453: 1413:

s attack, which allowed them to reroute the convoys. Admiral Tovey attempted to pursue

1144: 1117: 1078: 1054: 780: 611: 607: 572: 342: 184: 5728: 5627: 5543: 5310: 5195: 3967: 2152: 1848: 1757: 1658: 1630: 1608: 1588: 1519:, and six destroyers sortied from Trondheim, while a second task force consisting of 956: 947: 875: 772: 733: 497: 328: 278: 246: 2206:

Island outside Tromsø. Thirty-two Lancasters attacked the ship with Tallboys during

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in Russia, 23 Lancasters (17 each carrying one Tallboy and six each carrying twelve

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and performed intensive training in the Baltic. While the ship was in Kiel, Germany

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in Norway for the attack, which began early on 22 September. Three of the vessels,

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was to depart at 05:29 on 3 April for sea trials. The attack consisted of 40

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floatplanes were completely destroyed. Repairs were conducted by the repair ship

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and her escorting destroyers in March used up 8,230 tonnes (8,100 long tons) of

1358:. The two torpedo boats were also released from the operation. On 5 March, 1240: 1023: 994: 991: 896: 821: 669: 599: 391: 379: 266: 5452: 5075: 4810: 3630: 1803: 1429:

successfully evaded the torpedoes. Only three men were wounded in the attack.

1125: 1017: 912: 764: 749: 640: 576: 521: 461: 411: 385: 226: 144: 5710: 5697: 4168: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2648: 2646: 2435:(Construction year) 1934, and L/52 denotes the length of the gun in terms of 2081:

launched a total of 38 bombers and 43 escort fighters between the two raids.

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were installed in two quadruple mounts, one mount on each side of the ship.

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Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two

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The RAF made a second attempt on 29 October, after the ship was moored off

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left for Wilhelmshaven, a move designed to conceal her actual destination.

524:. After a series of wartime modifications she was 2000 tonnes heavier than 476:(navy) prior to and during the Second World War. Named after Grand Admiral 17: 1328:, were intended to attack the homebound convoy QP 8 and the outbound 579:

to retain significant naval forces in the area to contain the battleship.

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The ineffectiveness of the great majority of the strikes launched by the

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on the approach to the island the following day. During the bombardment,

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began sea trials. She conducted gunnery trials on 4 January 1943 in

1467: 998: 983: 943: 753: 678: 230: 3754:. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 1404:, and six destroyers. Enigma intercepts again forewarned the British of 281:(16,430 km; 10,210 mi) at 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph) 5618: 2439:, meaning that the length of the gun is 52 times its internal diameter. 1618:

would remain partially operational for the majority of the overhaul. A

1380:, both of which were escorting the convoy, along with four destroyers. 615: 3790:"Warfare Dendrochronology – Trees as Witnesses of the Tirpitz Attacks" 1185:

and attacks inside a cloud of artificial fog, created using water and

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Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993).

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According to naval historians Gerhard Koop and Klaus-Peter Schmolke,

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to camouflage her. The crew also frequently hid the entire ship from

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from 23 to 26 September 1941, after which the unit was disbanded and

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The Effects of the Lonely Queen Still Seen Among the Trees of Norway

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had been moved off Håkøya two weeks before the attack. The wreck of

2176:, took place on 15 September 1944; operating from a forward base at 530:, making her the heaviest battleship ever built by a European navy. 2168:. The RAF used Lancaster bombers to carry 6-short-ton (5.4 t) 3989:

Sieche, Erwin (1987). "Germany 1922–1946". In Sturton, Ian (ed.).

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Crew could be augmented up to 108 officers and 2,500 enlisted men.

2317: 2249: 2123: 1996: 1878: 1742: 1577: 1274: 1254:. Later that month, the ship was reinforced by the heavy cruisers 1043: 832: 695: 682: 516:

was armed with a main battery of eight 38-centimetre (15 in)

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displaced 53,500 tonnes (52,700 long tons) at full load in 1944.

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fatalities and 270 wounded men, including the ship's commander,

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The ship left Wilhelmshaven at 23:00 on 14 January and made for

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scored two direct hits and a near miss which caused the ship to

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was also intended to be used to intercept Allied convoys to the

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France had started in 1935. Laid down after the signing of the

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Tirpitz: The Life and Death of Germany's Last Great Battleship

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Tirpitz: The Life and Death of Germany's Last Super Battleship

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s draft at full load was 10.60 metres (34 ft 9 in).

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under attack by British carrier aircraft on 3 April 1944, in

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and the rest of the German fleet stationed in Norway, during

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as a counter to French naval expansion, specifically the two

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Theta Theta: Et Blad Fra Motstandskampens Historie 1940–1945

891:, spoke at the ship's launching, which was also attended by 3365: 2808: 2652: 1657:

was ordered to reinforce the fleet in Norway. Vice Admiral

744:. Her propulsion system developed a total of 163,023 3991:

Conway's All the World's Battleships: 1906 to the Present

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Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II

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the crew was reduced to 1,600 officers and enlisted men.

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Operations Planet, Brawn, Tiger Claw, Mascot and Goodwood

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to penetrate the ship's heavy armour. The first attack,

1030:(RAF) continued to launch unsuccessful bombing raids on 27:

Bismarck-class battleship of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine

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List of Allied attacks on the German battleship Tirpitz

1661:

was given command of the warships stationed in Norway.

1423:

torpedo bombers attacked the ship in three groups, and

3909:

Submarines of the Russian and Soviet Navies, 1718–1990

809:, was mounted in 1944 in her topmast, and a Model 213 4086:

Zetterling, Niklas & Tamelander, Michael (2009).

3833:

The Encyclopedia of 20th Century Conflict Sea Warfare

2714: 2712: 1239:. These caused a planned attack against the outbound 3322: 3320: 1907:

and the repair crews left in March, which intimated

5437: 4994: 4791: 4310: 4305:

Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in September 1944

3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3300: 2331:The performance of the Luftwaffe in the defence of 2133:centre left at her last mooring, off the island of 1366:; the reconnaissance failed to note the battleship 1022:, which had been converted into a radio-controlled 911:was commissioned into the fleet on 25 February for 724:of 36 m (118 ft 1 in) and a maximum 4989:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in November 1944 3850:Koop, Gerhard & Schmolke, Klaus-Peter (1998). 3728:Garzke, William H. & Dulin, Robert O. (1985). 2508: 2506: 2504: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2099:. Heavy fog prevented any hits from being scored. 1674:, who had replaced Raeder in the aftermath of the 1587:, escorted by several destroyers, steaming in the 3993:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 28–49. 2229:capsizing, and anti-torpedo nets were installed. 1013:tested her primary and secondary guns on the old 4033:(in Norwegian) (3rd ed.). Oslo: Aschehoug. 1362:reconnaissance aircraft spotted PQ 12 near 3972:Luftwaffe Eagle – From the Me 109 to the Me 262 2560: 488:(Imperial Navy), the ship was laid down at the 4012:. Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing Limited. 3511: 3496: 3481: 3457: 3404: 3392: 3377: 3353: 3291: 3274: 3262: 3250: 3238: 3151: 3092: 3075: 3027: 2998: 2926: 2791: 2735: 2679: 2667: 2548: 2524: 1007:resumed training. During the training period, 4974: 4290: 4184: 3559: 3104: 2337:was heavily criticised after her loss. Major 2164:s destruction being transferred to the RAF's 1492:). Escorting the convoy were the battleships 689:that governed battleship construction in the 643:were designed in the mid-1930s by the German 8: 5775:World War II shipwrecks in the Norwegian Sea 2449: 2430: 2424: 2409: 2391: 2357: 2351: 2332: 2322: 2310: 2303: 2284: 2278: 2266: 2230: 2220: 2190: 2156: 2128: 2100: 2085: 2084:The attacks failed to inflict any damage on 2001: 1983: 1963: 1952: 1908: 1902: 1883: 1823: 1797: 1791: 1785: 1764: 1747: 1709: 1699: 1691: 1665: 1652: 1634: 1613: 1602: 1596: 1582: 1562: 1542: 1536: 1526: 1508: 1481: 1475: 1461: 1439: 1430: 1424: 1414: 1405: 1353: 1347: 1341: 1333: 1307: 1295: 1289: 1279: 1267: 1261: 1255: 1245: 1205: 1190: 1176: 1138: 1129: 1104: 1092: 1082: 1072: 1066: 1048: 1031: 1008: 1002: 937: 919: 906: 905:, but the attacks slowed construction work. 900: 867: 852: 846: 837: 810: 802: 795: 704: 663: 644: 583: 566: 548: 538: 525: 511: 489: 481: 469: 431: 42: 3907:Polmar, Norman & Noot, Jurrien (1991). 2894:", War History Online; accessed 2020.04.01. 1913:was nearly operational. A major air strike— 1352:and was left in port, as was the destroyer 700:Recognition drawing prepared by the US Navy 610:equipped with 12,000-pound (5,400 kg) 204:9.30 m (30 ft 6 in) standard 4981: 4967: 4959: 4297: 4283: 4275: 4191: 4177: 4169: 1763:The British were determined to neutralise 4160:Newsreel about the life and death of the 3771:Flyalarm: Luftkrigen over Norge 1939–1945 990:. The Baltic Fleet, under the command of 394:: 100 to 120 mm (3.9 to 4.7 in) 2832: 1124:, the commander in chief of the British 946:of the squadron, which consisted of the 3952:. Annapolis: US Naval Institute Press. 3595: 2479: 2375: 1769:and remove the threat she posed to the 1643:. On 21 February, Topp was promoted to 3869:Morgan, Hugh & Weal, John (1998). 3814:Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe (Volume 7) 3428: 3416: 3338: 3178: 2847:"Nazi legacy found in Norwegian trees" 2752: 2637: 2608: 2596: 1715:headed back to their Norwegian ports. 915:, which were conducted in the Baltic. 842:sliding down the slipway at her launch 177:241.60 m (792 ft 8 in) 31: 5760:Naval aviation operations and battles 716:and 52,600 t (51,800 long tons) 441: 57: 7: 5750:Maritime incidents in September 1944 4154:in her anchorage at Kåfjord, Norway. 3911:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 3854:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 3816:. Ratingen, Germany: Mundus Verlag. 3732:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 3694:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 3675:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 3523: 3469: 3440: 3214: 3202: 3190: 3163: 3063: 2974: 2962: 2950: 2938: 2871: 2776: 2764: 2718: 2691: 2584: 1071:, proposed on 13 November 1941 that 604:an attack by British mini-submarines 5770:World War II battleships of Germany 5755:Maritime incidents in November 1944 3974:. Ottringham: Hikoki Publications. 3583: 2820: 1531:, and six destroyers operated from 866:, under the contract name "G". The 183:251 m (823 ft 6 in) 3692:Carrier Operations in World War II 3571: 3547: 3326: 3128: 3051: 3039: 3010: 2986: 2703: 2620: 2572: 2512: 2495: 1547:left Norway, the Soviet submarine 1217:, the movement of the battleships 397:Upper deck: 50 mm (2 in) 336:10.5 cm (4.1 in) SK C/33 25: 3713:. London: Conway Maritime Press. 3116: 2853:from the original on 20 July 2023 2454:(Radio direction-finding device). 2309:transferred to the heavy cruiser 1651:; five days later the battleship 1200:Operations against Allied convoys 1036:while she was stationed in Kiel. 712:42,900 t (42,200 long tons) 677:were nominally within the 35,000- 343:3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30 196:36 m (118 ft 1 in) 162:52,600 t (51,800 long tons) 156:42,900 t (42,200 long tons) 5678: 5673: 5661: 5653: 4944: 4939: 4927: 4919: 2845:Amos, Jonathan (11 April 2018). 2536: 763:L/52 guns arranged in four twin 561:had made operations against the 350:2 cm (0.79 in) FlaK 30 59: 35: 4164:showing RN, FAA and RAF attacks 4150:Aerial photo of the battleship 4030:Svalbard: vårt nordligste Norge 3930:(in German). Hamburg: Koehler. 3366:Hildebrand Röhr & Steinmetz 2883:Winston, George, (1 May 2018) " 2809:Hildebrand Röhr & Steinmetz 2653:Hildebrand Röhr & Steinmetz 2155:in mid-1944 led to the task of 2120:Operations Paravane and Obviate 1962:to fourteen minutes for all of 1688:Norwegian Armed Forces in exile 322:38 cm (15 in) SK C/34 88:Kriegsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven 5780:Ships sunk by British aircraft 4264:List of battleships of Germany 3892:. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. 3871:German Jet Aces of World War 2 3673:Tirpitz: The Floating Fortress 3656:. West Chester: Schiffer Pub. 2429:(ship's gun), C/34 stands for 2277:, the final British attack on 1917:—involving the fleet carriers 982:, several destroyers, and two 363:8 × 53.3 cm (21 in) 1: 4071:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 4027:Torkildsen, Torbjørn (1998). 3873:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 3773:. Oslo: Sem & Stenersen. 3711:Naval Weapons of World War II 2195:to be moved further south to 1839:—managed to lay their mines. 1678:on 31 December 1942, ordered 1173:Norwegian resistance movement 857:as a replacement for the old 785:2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 329:15 cm (5.9 in) L/55 5765:Ships built in Wilhelmshaven 5740:Battleships sunk by aircraft 3799:. European Geosciences Union 2210:. As on Operation Paravane, 1901:The British were aware that 1647:and was replaced by Captain 1300:, along with the destroyers 660:Anglo-German Naval Agreement 588:, along with the battleship 4067:Williamson, Gordon (2003). 3926:Prager, Hans Georg (2002). 3835:. London: Arms and Armour. 3536:Zetterling & Tamelander 3227:Zetterling & Tamelander 2904:Zetterling & Tamelander 1340:(Operation Sports Palace). 1284:under way, probably in 1941 783:L/83, and initially twelve 269:(56 km/h; 35 mph) 125:bombers on 12 November 1944 5801: 5745:Bismarck-class battleships 4116:. Stroud: Fonthill Media. 4069:German Battleships 1939–45 4010:Tirpitz: Hunting the Beast 3888:Ottosen, Kristian (1983). 3752:German Warships: 1815–1945 3652:Breyer, Siegfried (1989). 2243: 2140: 2053:Goodwood series of attacks 2020:Operation Goodwood (naval) 2013: 1894: 1736: 1730: 1015:pre-dreadnought battleship 887:, a former admiral in the 626: 596:bombarded Allied positions 388:: 360 mm (14 in) 382:: 320 mm (13 in) 5648: 4914: 4259: 4231: 4209: 4048:Van der Vat, Dan (1988). 1831:s defences, two of which— 1676:Battle of the Barents Sea 1204:Several factors hindered 854:Ersatz Schleswig-Holstein 781:3.7 cm (1.5 in) 759:She was armed with eight 629:Bismarck-class battleship 500:in November 1936 and her 129: 52: 41:A recognition drawing of 34: 4143:19 February 2019 at the 4112:Knowles, Daniel (2018). 3611:Bishop, Patrick (2012). 2341:, the commander of III./ 2108:s gunners shot down one 2069:and the escort carriers 1927:and the escort carriers 1822:, successfully breached 1484:Unternehmen Rösselsprung 1266:and several destroyers. 1128:, was not made aware of 930:invaded the Soviet Union 454:) was the second of two 4090:. Havertown: Casemate. 4008:Sweetman, John (2004). 3769:Hafsten, Bjørn (1991). 3709:Campbell, John (1985). 1490:Operation Knight's Move 1390:, the aircraft carrier 1336:Unternehmen Sportpalast 1065:, the commander of the 883:, the ship's namesake. 730:Brown, Boveri & Cie 685:) limit imposed by the 480:, the architect of the 130:General characteristics 47:prepared by the US Navy 4052:. Edinburgh: Birlinn. 2890:3 October 2023 at the 2450: 2431: 2425: 2410: 2392: 2358: 2352: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2311: 2304: 2285: 2279: 2271: 2267: 2231: 2221: 2191: 2157: 2138: 2129: 2101: 2086: 2011: 2002: 1984: 1964: 1953: 1909: 1903: 1892: 1884: 1824: 1798: 1792: 1786: 1784:, included attacks on 1780:. The planned attack, 1765: 1760: 1748: 1710: 1700: 1692: 1666: 1653: 1635: 1614: 1603: 1597: 1592: 1583: 1563: 1543: 1537: 1527: 1509: 1482: 1476: 1462: 1440: 1431: 1425: 1415: 1406: 1354: 1348: 1342: 1334: 1308: 1296: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1268: 1262: 1256: 1246: 1229:and the heavy cruiser 1206: 1191: 1177: 1139: 1130: 1105: 1093: 1083: 1073: 1067: 1058: 1049: 1032: 1009: 1003: 938: 920: 907: 901: 868: 853: 847: 843: 838: 811: 803: 796: 705: 701: 664: 645: 584: 575:, forcing the British 567: 549: 539: 526: 512: 490: 482: 470: 432: 360:58 × 2 cm FlaK 30 43: 5711:69.64694°N 18.80750°E 4050:The Atlantic Campaign 3690:Brown, J. D. (2009). 3671:Brown, David (1977). 2321: 2261: 2127: 2000: 1882: 1771:Allied arctic convoys 1746: 1624:attack the battleship 1581: 1373:or the battlecruiser 1278: 1183:aerial reconnaissance 1047: 942:was briefly made the 836: 699: 439:German pronunciation: 5785:Shipwrecks of Norway 4533:Dr. Heinrich Wiegand 3654:Battleship "Tirpitz" 2451:Funkmessortungsgerät 2265:about the attack on 1601:, the Germans moved 1397:, the heavy cruiser 1315:Z7 Hermann Schoemann 1171:for the voyage. The 1097:(KzS–Captain at Sea) 1040:Deployment to Norway 889:Imperial German Navy 5707: / 5413:Unknown date: 3831:Kemp, Paul (1998). 3635:Hitler's U-Boat War 3443:, pp. 132–139. 3407:, pp. 267–268. 3380:, pp. 265–267. 3265:, pp. 259–261. 3241:, pp. 258–259. 3229:, pp. 195–196. 3131:, pp. 165–172. 3107:, pp. 115–116. 3078:, pp. 253–255. 3001:, pp. 250–251. 2794:, pp. 248–250. 2682:, pp. 247–248. 2561:Koop & Schmolke 2551:, pp. 203–208. 2275:Operation Catechism 2246:Operation Catechism 2240:Operation Catechism 2212:No. 9 Squadron 1719:British attacks on 1187:chlorosulfuric acid 1053:camouflaged in the 582:In September 1943, 545:Soviet Baltic Fleet 443:[ˈtɪʁpɪt͡s] 418:Aviation facilities 5716:69.64694; 18.80750 4203:-class battleships 4138:The Tirpitz Museum 3512:Garzke & Dulin 3497:Garzke & Dulin 3482:Garzke & Dulin 3458:Garzke & Dulin 3405:Garzke & Dulin 3393:Garzke & Dulin 3378:Garzke & Dulin 3354:Garzke & Dulin 3341:, pp. 25, 27. 3292:Garzke & Dulin 3275:Garzke & Dulin 3263:Garzke & Dulin 3251:Garzke & Dulin 3239:Garzke & Dulin 3152:Garzke & Dulin 3093:Garzke & Dulin 3076:Garzke & Dulin 3028:Garzke & Dulin 2999:Garzke & Dulin 2927:Garzke & Dulin 2792:Garzke & Dulin 2736:Garzke & Dulin 2680:Garzke & Dulin 2668:Garzke & Dulin 2575:, pp. 33, 35. 2549:Garzke & Dulin 2525:Garzke & Dulin 2329: 2272: 2263:Universal Newsreel 2174:Operation Paravane 2143:Operation Paravane 2139: 2012: 1915:Operation Tungsten 1897:Operation Tungsten 1893: 1890:Operation Tungsten 1875:Operation Tungsten 1761: 1593: 1286: 1215:Operation Cerberus 1162:Z8 Bruno Heinemann 1150:Z4 Richard Beitzen 1143:then moved to the 1059: 918:After sea trials, 881:Alfred von Tirpitz 863:Schleswig-Holstein 844: 761:38 cm SK C/34 742:water-tube boilers 702: 656:-class battleships 484:Kaiserliche Marine 478:Alfred von Tirpitz 303:processing systems 294:1,962 enlisted men 216:water-tube boilers 78:Alfred von Tirpitz 5690: 5689: 4956: 4955: 4272: 4271: 4246:H-class proposals 4123:978-1-78155-669-6 4097:978-1-935149-18-7 4078:978-1-84176-498-6 4059:978-1-84158-124-8 4040:978-82-03-22224-5 4019:978-0-7509-3755-9 4000:978-0-85177-448-0 3981:978-1-902109-06-0 3959:978-1-59114-119-8 3937:978-3-7822-0798-0 3918:978-0-87021-570-4 3899:978-82-00-06823-5 3880:978-1-85532-634-7 3861:978-1-55750-049-6 3842:978-1-85409-221-2 3823:978-3-8364-9743-5 3780:978-82-7046-058-8 3761:978-0-87021-790-6 3739:978-0-87021-101-0 3720:978-0-87021-459-2 3701:978-1-59114-108-2 3682:978-0-85368-341-4 3663:978-0-88740-184-8 3644:978-0-304-35260-9 3622:978-0-00-731924-4 3560:Morgan & Weal 3217:, pp. 76–77. 3166:, pp. 73–74. 3105:Polmar & Noot 2965:, pp. 25–26. 2953:, pp. 24–25. 2941:, pp. 23–24. 2823:, pp. 39–41. 2315:in January 1945. 2259: 2208:Operation Obviate 2147:Operation Obviate 1778:midget submarines 1555:British Admiralty 1303:Z14 Friedrich Ihn 924:was stationed in 870:Kriegsmarinewerft 777:10.5 cm L/65 736:, each driving a 687:Washington regime 608:Lancaster bombers 565:lanes too risky. 533:After completing 492:Kriegsmarinewerft 428: 427: 16:(Redirected from 5792: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5700: 5682: 5677: 5665: 5657: 4983: 4976: 4969: 4960: 4948: 4943: 4931: 4923: 4907: 4897: 4887: 4871: 4855: 4845: 4827: 4816: 4805: 4784: 4756: 4734: 4724: 4714: 4697: 4669: 4658: 4630: 4614: 4604: 4570: 4548: 4526: 4516: 4506: 4503:Irene Oldendorff 4496: 4478: 4443: 4427: 4411: 4395: 4385: 4365: 4355: 4339: 4299: 4292: 4285: 4276: 4193: 4186: 4179: 4170: 4127: 4101: 4082: 4063: 4044: 4023: 4004: 3985: 3963: 3941: 3922: 3903: 3884: 3865: 3846: 3827: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3794: 3784: 3765: 3743: 3724: 3705: 3686: 3667: 3648: 3626: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3563: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3509: 3500: 3494: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3396: 3390: 3381: 3375: 3369: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3342: 3336: 3330: 3324: 3295: 3289: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3218: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3014: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2990: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2863: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2795: 2789: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2762: 2756: 2750: 2739: 2733: 2722: 2716: 2707: 2701: 2695: 2689: 2683: 2677: 2671: 2665: 2656: 2650: 2641: 2635: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2564: 2558: 2552: 2546: 2540: 2534: 2528: 2522: 2516: 2510: 2499: 2493: 2468: 2461: 2455: 2453: 2446: 2440: 2434: 2432:Constructionjahr 2428: 2421: 2415: 2413: 2406: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2389: 2383: 2380: 2361: 2355: 2343:Jagdgeschwader 5 2336: 2326: 2314: 2307: 2291: 2288: 2282: 2270: 2260: 2234: 2227: 2224: 2216:No. 617 Squadron 2194: 2166:No. 5 Group 2163: 2160: 2137:in November 1944 2132: 2107: 2104: 2089: 2049:Operation Mascot 2016:Operation Mascot 2005: 1987: 1971: 1967: 1956: 1912: 1906: 1887: 1830: 1827: 1801: 1795: 1789: 1782:Operation Source 1768: 1751: 1739:Operation Source 1727:Operation Source 1713: 1703: 1697: 1669: 1656: 1638: 1617: 1606: 1600: 1586: 1566: 1546: 1540: 1535:and Bogenfjord. 1530: 1512: 1503:and the carrier 1487: 1479: 1465: 1443: 1437: 1434: 1428: 1418: 1412: 1409: 1364:Jan Mayen Island 1357: 1351: 1345: 1339: 1311: 1299: 1293: 1283: 1271: 1265: 1259: 1249: 1212: 1209: 1194: 1180: 1142: 1136: 1133: 1108: 1099: 1086: 1076: 1070: 1052: 1035: 1012: 1006: 997:, patrolled off 941: 923: 910: 904: 885:Adolf von Trotha 873: 856: 850: 841: 816: 808: 799: 708: 667: 650: 587: 570: 552: 542: 529: 515: 495: 487: 475: 453: 452: 451: 445: 440: 435: 404:Aircraft carried 254:screw propellers 113:25 February 1941 69: 64: 63: 62: 46: 39: 32: 21: 5800: 5799: 5795: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5790: 5789: 5725: 5724: 5715: 5713: 5709: 5706: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5686: 5669: 5644: 5438:Other incidents 5433: 4990: 4987: 4957: 4952: 4935: 4910: 4900: 4890: 4874: 4858: 4848: 4830: 4819: 4808: 4798: 4792:Other incidents 4787: 4759: 4737: 4727: 4717: 4700: 4672: 4661: 4633: 4617: 4607: 4573: 4551: 4529: 4519: 4509: 4499: 4481: 4446: 4430: 4414: 4398: 4388: 4368: 4358: 4342: 4319: 4306: 4303: 4273: 4268: 4255: 4227: 4205: 4197: 4145:Wayback Machine 4134: 4124: 4111: 4108: 4106:Further reading 4098: 4085: 4079: 4066: 4060: 4047: 4041: 4026: 4020: 4007: 4001: 3988: 3982: 3966: 3960: 3944: 3938: 3925: 3919: 3906: 3900: 3887: 3881: 3868: 3862: 3849: 3843: 3830: 3824: 3811: 3802: 3800: 3792: 3787: 3781: 3768: 3762: 3746: 3740: 3727: 3721: 3708: 3702: 3689: 3683: 3670: 3664: 3651: 3645: 3629: 3623: 3615:. HarperPress. 3610: 3607: 3602: 3594: 3590: 3582: 3578: 3570: 3566: 3558: 3554: 3546: 3542: 3534: 3530: 3522: 3518: 3510: 3503: 3495: 3488: 3480: 3476: 3468: 3464: 3456: 3447: 3439: 3435: 3427: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3403: 3399: 3391: 3384: 3376: 3372: 3364: 3360: 3352: 3345: 3337: 3333: 3325: 3298: 3290: 3281: 3273: 3269: 3261: 3257: 3249: 3245: 3237: 3233: 3225: 3221: 3213: 3209: 3201: 3197: 3189: 3185: 3177: 3170: 3162: 3158: 3150: 3135: 3127: 3123: 3115: 3111: 3103: 3099: 3091: 3082: 3074: 3070: 3062: 3058: 3050: 3046: 3038: 3034: 3026: 3017: 3009: 3005: 2997: 2993: 2985: 2981: 2973: 2969: 2961: 2957: 2949: 2945: 2937: 2933: 2925: 2910: 2902: 2898: 2892:Wayback Machine 2882: 2878: 2870: 2866: 2856: 2854: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2831: 2827: 2819: 2815: 2807: 2798: 2790: 2783: 2775: 2771: 2763: 2759: 2751: 2742: 2734: 2725: 2717: 2710: 2702: 2698: 2690: 2686: 2678: 2674: 2666: 2659: 2651: 2644: 2636: 2627: 2619: 2615: 2607: 2603: 2595: 2591: 2583: 2579: 2571: 2567: 2559: 2555: 2547: 2543: 2535: 2531: 2523: 2519: 2511: 2502: 2494: 2481: 2477: 2472: 2471: 2462: 2458: 2448:Named FuMO for 2447: 2443: 2422: 2418: 2407: 2403: 2396: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2364:Ludovic Kennedy 2339:Heinrich Ehrler 2289: 2250: 2248: 2242: 2225: 2161: 2149: 2141:Main articles: 2122: 2105: 2041:were joined by 2022: 2014:Main articles: 1995: 1969: 1899: 1877: 1828: 1741: 1735: 1729: 1724: 1641:Trondheim Fjord 1631:human torpedoes 1591:in October 1942 1573:Lofoten Islands 1460:The actions of 1450:Halifax bombers 1435: 1421:Fairey Albacore 1410: 1237:English Channel 1210: 1202: 1134: 1095:Kapitän zur See 1042: 1028:Royal Air Force 859:pre-dreadnought 851:was ordered as 831: 829:Service history 773:15 cm L/55 752:; 119,903 738:screw propeller 691:interwar period 631: 625: 612:"Tallboy" bombs 563:Atlantic convoy 559:St Nazaire Raid 537:in early 1941, 448: 447: 446: 438: 421:1 double-ended 302: 229:; 119,905 209:Installed power 123:Royal Air Force 97:2 November 1936 65: 60: 58: 48: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5798: 5796: 5788: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5727: 5726: 5688: 5687: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5642: 5633: 5624: 5615: 5612:Gus W. Darnell 5607: 5592: 5584: 5567:Walter C. Wann 5441: 5439: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5431: 5411: 5391: 5371: 5363: 5324: 5316: 5301: 5287: 5271: 5257: 5223: 5173: 5158: 5113: 5098: 5090: 5081: 5065: 5039: 5031: 5023: 5000: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4985: 4978: 4971: 4963: 4954: 4953: 4915: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4908: 4901:Unknown date: 4898: 4888: 4872: 4856: 4846: 4828: 4817: 4806: 4795: 4793: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4785: 4760:Unknown date: 4757: 4735: 4725: 4715: 4698: 4670: 4659: 4631: 4615: 4605: 4571: 4549: 4527: 4517: 4507: 4497: 4479: 4444: 4428: 4412: 4396: 4386: 4366: 4356: 4340: 4316: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4301: 4294: 4287: 4279: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4266: 4260: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4253: 4242: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4225: 4218: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4198: 4196: 4195: 4188: 4181: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4157: 4147: 4133: 4132:External links 4130: 4129: 4128: 4122: 4107: 4104: 4103: 4102: 4096: 4083: 4077: 4064: 4058: 4045: 4039: 4024: 4018: 4005: 3999: 3986: 3980: 3968:Schuck, Walter 3964: 3958: 3946:Rohwer, Jürgen 3942: 3936: 3923: 3917: 3904: 3898: 3885: 3879: 3866: 3860: 3847: 3841: 3828: 3822: 3809: 3797:copernicus.org 3785: 3779: 3766: 3760: 3744: 3738: 3725: 3719: 3706: 3700: 3687: 3681: 3668: 3662: 3649: 3643: 3627: 3621: 3613:Target Tirpitz 3606: 3603: 3601: 3600: 3598:, p. 508. 3588: 3586:, p. 221. 3576: 3574:, p. 177. 3564: 3552: 3550:, p. 287. 3540: 3538:, p. 327. 3528: 3526:, p. 248. 3516: 3514:, p. 273. 3501: 3499:, p. 272. 3486: 3484:, p. 270. 3474: 3472:, p. 193. 3462: 3460:, p. 268. 3445: 3433: 3421: 3409: 3397: 3395:, p. 267. 3382: 3370: 3368:, p. 243. 3358: 3356:, p. 265. 3343: 3331: 3296: 3294:, p. 264. 3279: 3277:, p. 262. 3267: 3255: 3253:, p. 259. 3243: 3231: 3219: 3207: 3195: 3183: 3181:, p. 221. 3168: 3156: 3154:, p. 258. 3133: 3121: 3119:, p. 644. 3109: 3097: 3095:, p. 255. 3080: 3068: 3056: 3054:, p. 162. 3044: 3042:, p. 156. 3032: 3030:, p. 253. 3015: 3013:, p. 149. 3003: 2991: 2979: 2967: 2955: 2943: 2931: 2929:, p. 250. 2908: 2906:, p. 207. 2896: 2876: 2864: 2837: 2825: 2813: 2811:, p. 240. 2796: 2781: 2769: 2757: 2740: 2738:, p. 248. 2723: 2708: 2696: 2684: 2672: 2670:, p. 247. 2657: 2655:, p. 239. 2642: 2625: 2613: 2601: 2589: 2587:, p. 219. 2577: 2565: 2553: 2541: 2539:, p. 153. 2529: 2527:, p. 203. 2517: 2500: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2456: 2441: 2423:SK stands for 2416: 2401: 2384: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2244:Main article: 2241: 2238: 2121: 2118: 1994: 1991: 1895:Main article: 1876: 1873: 1868:William Garzke 1737:Main article: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1717: 1694:ruse de guerre 1528:Admiral Scheer 1516:Admiral Hipper 1343:Admiral Scheer 1324:and a pair of 1309:Z5 Paul Jakobi 1297:Admiral Scheer 1288:In March 1942 1257:Admiral Scheer 1201: 1198: 1156:Z5 Paul Jakobi 1079:fleet in being 1061:Grand Admiral 1041: 1038: 1026:. The British 957:light cruisers 952:Admiral Scheer 830: 827: 775:guns, sixteen 748:(160,793 734:steam turbines 627:Main article: 624: 621: 573:fleet in being 426: 425: 419: 415: 414: 405: 401: 400: 399: 398: 395: 389: 383: 375: 371: 370: 369: 368: 367: 361: 357: 356:Modifications: 354: 353: 346: 339: 332: 325: 317: 312: 308: 307: 304: 298: 297: 296: 295: 292: 287: 283: 282: 275: 271: 270: 263: 259: 258: 257: 256: 250: 247:steam turbines 241: 237: 236: 235: 234: 225:(160,796 219: 210: 206: 205: 202: 198: 197: 194: 190: 189: 188: 187: 181: 173: 169: 168: 167: 166: 160: 152: 148: 147: 136: 135:Class and type 132: 131: 127: 126: 119: 115: 114: 111: 107: 106: 103: 99: 98: 95: 91: 90: 85: 81: 80: 75: 71: 70: 55: 54: 50: 49: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5797: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5732: 5730: 5723: 5720: 5685: 5684:December 1944 5681: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5647: 5641: 5640: 5635:30 Nov: 5634: 5632: 5631: 5626:28 Nov: 5625: 5623: 5622: 5617:27 Nov: 5616: 5614: 5613: 5609:23 Nov: 5608: 5606: 5605: 5600: 5599: 5594:17 Nov: 5593: 5591: 5590: 5586:13 Nov: 5585: 5583: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5562: 5561: 5555: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5541: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5513: 5512: 5506: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5485: 5484: 5478: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5464: 5463: 5457: 5456: 5450: 5449: 5444:10 Nov: 5443: 5442: 5440: 5436: 5430: 5429: 5424: 5423: 5418: 5417: 5412: 5410: 5409: 5404: 5403: 5398: 5397: 5393:29 Nov: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5384: 5383: 5378: 5377: 5373:28 Nov: 5372: 5370: 5369: 5365:27 Nov: 5364: 5362: 5361: 5356: 5355: 5350: 5349: 5344: 5343: 5338: 5337: 5331: 5330: 5326:25 Nov: 5325: 5323: 5322: 5318:24 Nov: 5317: 5315: 5314: 5308: 5307: 5303:22 Nov: 5302: 5300: 5299: 5294: 5293: 5289:21 Nov: 5288: 5286: 5285: 5279: 5278: 5273:20 Nov: 5272: 5270: 5269: 5264: 5263: 5259:18 Nov: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5249: 5248: 5243: 5242: 5237: 5236: 5231: 5230: 5225:17 Nov: 5224: 5222: 5221: 5216: 5215: 5210: 5209: 5204: 5203: 5198: 5197: 5192: 5191: 5186: 5185: 5180: 5179: 5175:13 Nov: 5174: 5172: 5171: 5166: 5165: 5160:12 Nov: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5151: 5150: 5145: 5144: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5132: 5126: 5125: 5120: 5119: 5115:11 Nov: 5114: 5112: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5100:10 Nov: 5099: 5097: 5096: 5091: 5089: 5088: 5082: 5080: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5058: 5057: 5052: 5051: 5046: 5045: 5040: 5038: 5037: 5032: 5030: 5029: 5024: 5022: 5021: 5015: 5014: 5009: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4993: 4984: 4979: 4977: 4972: 4970: 4965: 4964: 4961: 4951: 4947: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4913: 4906: 4905: 4899: 4896: 4895: 4889: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4879: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4864: 4863: 4857: 4854: 4853: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4807: 4804: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4794: 4790: 4783: 4782: 4777: 4776: 4771: 4770: 4765: 4764: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4749: 4748: 4743: 4742: 4736: 4733: 4732: 4726: 4723: 4722: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4707: 4706: 4699: 4696: 4695: 4690: 4689: 4684: 4683: 4678: 4677: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4660: 4657: 4656: 4651: 4650: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4638: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4623: 4622: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4606: 4603: 4602: 4597: 4596: 4591: 4590: 4585: 4584: 4579: 4578: 4572: 4569: 4568: 4563: 4562: 4557: 4556: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4541: 4540: 4535: 4534: 4528: 4525: 4524: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4508: 4505: 4504: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4471: 4470: 4465: 4464: 4458: 4457: 4452: 4451: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4436: 4435: 4434:Giulio Cesare 4429: 4426: 4425: 4420: 4419: 4413: 4410: 4409: 4404: 4403: 4397: 4394: 4393: 4387: 4384: 4383: 4378: 4374: 4373: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4357: 4354: 4353: 4348: 4347: 4346:Empire Curzon 4341: 4338: 4337: 4332: 4331: 4326: 4325: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4309: 4300: 4295: 4293: 4288: 4286: 4281: 4280: 4277: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4258: 4251: 4247: 4244:Followed by: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4235:Preceded by: 4234: 4233: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4219: 4217: 4216: 4212: 4211: 4208: 4204: 4202: 4194: 4189: 4187: 4182: 4180: 4175: 4174: 4171: 4165: 4163: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4148: 4146: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4125: 4119: 4115: 4110: 4109: 4105: 4099: 4093: 4089: 4084: 4080: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4061: 4055: 4051: 4046: 4042: 4036: 4032: 4031: 4025: 4021: 4015: 4011: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3933: 3929: 3924: 3920: 3914: 3910: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3891: 3886: 3882: 3876: 3872: 3867: 3863: 3857: 3853: 3848: 3844: 3838: 3834: 3829: 3825: 3819: 3815: 3810: 3798: 3791: 3786: 3782: 3776: 3772: 3767: 3763: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3748:Gröner, Erich 3745: 3741: 3735: 3731: 3726: 3722: 3716: 3712: 3707: 3703: 3697: 3693: 3688: 3684: 3678: 3674: 3669: 3665: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3618: 3614: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3597: 3592: 3589: 3585: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3568: 3565: 3562:, p. 60. 3561: 3556: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3541: 3537: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3520: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3475: 3471: 3466: 3463: 3459: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3437: 3434: 3431:, p. 39. 3430: 3425: 3422: 3419:, p. 28. 3418: 3413: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3374: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3359: 3355: 3350: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3332: 3329:, p. 26. 3328: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3271: 3268: 3264: 3259: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3232: 3228: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3211: 3208: 3205:, p. 77. 3204: 3199: 3196: 3193:, p. 76. 3192: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3175: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3160: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3110: 3106: 3101: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3072: 3069: 3066:, p. 54. 3065: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3048: 3045: 3041: 3036: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3007: 3004: 3000: 2995: 2992: 2989:, p. 60. 2988: 2983: 2980: 2977:, p. 27. 2976: 2971: 2968: 2964: 2959: 2956: 2952: 2947: 2944: 2940: 2935: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2900: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2886: 2880: 2877: 2874:, p. 19. 2873: 2868: 2865: 2852: 2848: 2841: 2838: 2834: 2829: 2826: 2822: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2779:, p. 17. 2778: 2773: 2770: 2767:, p. 16. 2766: 2761: 2758: 2755:, p. 40. 2754: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2724: 2721:, p. 12. 2720: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2706:, p. 20. 2705: 2700: 2697: 2694:, p. 11. 2693: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2647: 2643: 2640:, p. 35. 2639: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2626: 2623:, p. 44. 2622: 2617: 2614: 2611:, p. 43. 2610: 2605: 2602: 2599:, p. 42. 2598: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2566: 2563:, p. 18. 2562: 2557: 2554: 2550: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2518: 2515:, p. 33. 2514: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2501: 2498:, p. 35. 2497: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2480: 2474: 2466: 2460: 2457: 2452: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2427: 2426:Schiffskanone 2420: 2417: 2412: 2405: 2402: 2394: 2388: 2385: 2379: 2376: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2360: 2354: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2335: 2325: 2320: 2316: 2313: 2306: 2299: 2296: 2287: 2281: 2276: 2269: 2264: 2247: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2223: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2193: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2170:Tallboy bombs 2167: 2159: 2154: 2153:Fleet Air Arm 2148: 2144: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2103: 2098: 2097:Indefatigable 2094: 2088: 2082: 2080: 2079: 2074: 2073: 2068: 2067: 2062: 2061:Indefatigable 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2045: 2044:Indefatigable 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2021: 2017: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1992: 1990: 1986: 1980: 1974: 1966: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1949: 1944: 1943: 1938: 1937: 1932: 1931: 1926: 1925: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1905: 1898: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1866:; historians 1865: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1849:double bottom 1844: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1794: 1788: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1734: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1662: 1660: 1659:Oskar Kummetz 1655: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1610: 1605: 1599: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1551: 1545: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1523: 1518: 1517: 1511: 1506: 1502: 1501: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1485: 1478: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1458: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1433: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1408: 1403: 1402: 1396: 1395: 1389: 1388: 1387:King George V 1381: 1379: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1350: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1331: 1327: 1326:torpedo boats 1323: 1322: 1317: 1316: 1310: 1305: 1304: 1298: 1292: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1270: 1264: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1233: 1228: 1227: 1222: 1221: 1216: 1208: 1199: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1170: 1169: 1164: 1163: 1158: 1157: 1152: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1132: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1110: 1107: 1102: 1098: 1096: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1069: 1064: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1005: 1000: 996: 993: 989: 985: 981: 980: 975: 974: 969: 968: 963: 962: 958: 954: 953: 949: 948:heavy cruiser 945: 940: 935: 931: 927: 922: 916: 914: 909: 903: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 877: 876:Wilhelmshaven 872: 871: 865: 864: 860: 855: 849: 840: 835: 828: 826: 825:thick sides. 823: 818: 815: 814: 807: 806: 798: 792: 790: 789:torpedo tubes 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 757: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 698: 694: 692: 688: 684: 681:(36,000 680: 676: 675: 671: 666: 661: 657: 655: 649: 648: 642: 639: 637: 630: 622: 620: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 592: 586: 580: 578: 574: 569: 564: 560: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 528: 523: 520:in four twin 519: 514: 509: 508: 503: 499: 498:Wilhelmshaven 494: 493: 486: 485: 479: 474: 473: 467: 463: 460: 458: 450: 444: 436: 434: 424: 420: 417: 416: 413: 410: 406: 403: 402: 396: 393: 390: 387: 384: 381: 378: 377: 376: 373: 372: 366: 365:torpedo tubes 362: 359: 358: 355: 351: 347: 344: 340: 337: 333: 330: 326: 323: 319: 318: 315: 314: 313: 310: 309: 305: 300: 299: 293: 290: 289: 288: 285: 284: 280: 276: 273: 272: 268: 264: 261: 260: 255: 251: 248: 244: 243: 242: 239: 238: 232: 228: 224: 221:163,026 220: 217: 213: 212: 211: 208: 207: 203: 200: 199: 195: 192: 191: 186: 182: 180: 176: 175: 174: 171: 170: 165: 161: 159: 155: 154: 153: 150: 149: 146: 143: 141: 137: 134: 133: 128: 124: 120: 117: 116: 112: 109: 108: 104: 101: 100: 96: 93: 92: 89: 86: 83: 82: 79: 76: 73: 72: 68: 56: 51: 45: 38: 33: 30: 19: 5692: 5671:October 1944 5638: 5629: 5620: 5611: 5602: 5597: 5587: 5580: 5573: 5566: 5559: 5552: 5545: 5538: 5531: 5524: 5517: 5510: 5503: 5496: 5489: 5482: 5475: 5468: 5461: 5454: 5447: 5426: 5420: 5414: 5406: 5401: 5394: 5387: 5381: 5374: 5367: 5358: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5335: 5327: 5320: 5312: 5305: 5296: 5290: 5283: 5277:Mississinewa 5276: 5266: 5260: 5252: 5245: 5239: 5235:Mayasan Maru 5233: 5228: 5218: 5212: 5207: 5201: 5194: 5188: 5182: 5176: 5169: 5168: 5163: 5153: 5147: 5141: 5135: 5130: 5122: 5116: 5109: 5101: 5093: 5092:9 Nov: 5086: 5083:8 Nov: 5077: 5070: 5067:7 Nov: 5060: 5054: 5048: 5042: 5041:5 Nov: 5034: 5033:3 Nov: 5027: 5025:2 Nov: 5019: 5011: 5006: 5003:1 Nov: 4950:October 1944 4904:Schwabenland 4903: 4893: 4882: 4876: 4866: 4860: 4851: 4850: 4841: 4834: 4823: 4812: 4801: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4761: 4751: 4745: 4739: 4729: 4719: 4710: 4704: 4692: 4686: 4681: 4674: 4665: 4653: 4647: 4643:Siberia Maru 4641: 4635: 4625: 4619: 4609: 4599: 4595:Noshiro Maru 4593: 4587: 4581: 4576: 4565: 4559: 4553: 4543: 4538: 4532: 4521: 4512: 4501: 4492: 4485: 4473: 4468: 4462: 4455: 4449: 4438: 4433: 4422: 4416: 4406: 4400: 4391: 4381: 4371: 4360: 4350: 4345: 4334: 4329: 4324:Hurst Castle 4323: 4249: 4248:(planned) / 4237: 4221: 4220: 4214: 4200: 4161: 4151: 4113: 4087: 4068: 4049: 4029: 4009: 3990: 3971: 3949: 3927: 3908: 3889: 3870: 3851: 3832: 3813: 3801:. 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632: 590: 581: 555:Soviet Union 532: 506: 472:Kriegsmarine 466:Nazi Germany 456: 430: 429: 409:Arado Ar 196 301:Sensors and 291:103 officers 214:12 × Wagner 151:Displacement 139: 110:Commissioned 105:1 April 1939 29: 5714: / 5604:Seisho Maru 5553:Saginaw Bay 5306:Hokkai Maru 5268:Seisho Maru 5253:Scharnhorst 5103:Gokoku Maru 4937:August 1944 4894:Don Marquis 4666:Miantonomah 4637:Akitsushima 4583:Hōfuku Maru 4545:Jun'yō Maru 4469:Rakuyō Maru 4456:Nankai Maru 4372:Shinyō Maru 4238:Scharnhorst 3631:Blair, Clay 3596:Van der Vat 2833:Hartl et al 1973:shot down. 1793:Scharnhorst 1684:Spitzbergen 1672:Karl Dönitz 1667:Scharnhorst 1654:Scharnhorst 1355:Paul Jakobi 1332:as part of 1269:Prinz Eugen 1263:Prinz Eugen 1241:convoy PQ 8 1232:Prinz Eugen 1220:Scharnhorst 1145:Fættenfjord 1055:Fættenfjord 1024:target ship 995:Otto Ciliax 897:Fitting-out 820:The ship's 769:superfiring 765:gun turrets 641:battleships 600:Spitzbergen 591:Scharnhorst 571:acted as a 462:battleships 412:floatplanes 277:8,870 245:3 × geared 18:KMS Tirpitz 5735:1939 ships 5729:Categories 5702:18°48′27″E 5699:69°38′49″N 5596:HMAS 5539:Potawatomi 5525:Petrof Bay 5518:Oberrender 5342:Shimotsuki 5336:Shawinigan 5334:HMCS 5282:HMAS 5196:Hatsu Maru 5162:HMAS 5110:Mount Hood 5007:Abner Read 4996:Shipwrecks 4705:Rockingham 4577:China Maru 4539:Gyōkū Maru 4493:Warrington 4450:Korei Maru 4312:Shipwrecks 3605:References 3429:Brown 1977 3417:Brown 2009 3339:Brown 2009 3179:Torkildsen 2753:Williamson 2638:Williamson 2609:Williamson 2597:Williamson 2093:Formidable 2066:Formidable 2035:Formidable 2027:Victorious 2006:moored in 1919:Victorious 1758:Bogenfjord 1731:See also: 1649:Hans Meyer 1609:Bogenfjord 1595:Following 1589:Bogenfjord 1505:Victorious 1500:Washington 1454:Lancasters 1394:Victorious 1126:Home Fleet 1122:John Tovey 913:sea trials 805:Hohentwiel 794:As built, 577:Royal Navy 535:sea trials 464:built for 286:Complement 240:Propulsion 145:battleship 5637:HMS 5630:Spearfish 5628:USS 5619:USS 5579:USS 5565:USS 5558:USS 5551:USS 5546:Preserver 5544:USS 5530:USS 5523:USS 5516:USS 5509:USS 5502:USS 5495:USS 5488:HMS 5481:USS 5474:USS 5467:USS 5460:USS 5453:USS 5446:USS 5360:Yasoshima 5313:Stratagem 5311:HMS 5275:USS 5227:USS 5190:Hatsuharu 5155:Wakatsuki 5137:Shimakaze 5129:USS 5108:USS 5085:USS 5069:USS 5018:HMS 5005:USS 4842:Temptress 4833:USS 4822:USS 4811:USS 4799:8–9 Sep: 4711:Ural Maru 4664:USS 4589:Katsuriki 4491:USS 4484:USS 4475:Shikinami 4461:USS 4382:Westfalen 4330:Kehdingen 4322:HMS 2475:Citations 2370:Footnotes 2295:amidships 2078:Trumpeter 1959:Barracuda 1754:Ofotfjord 1704:flew the 1680:an attack 1626:with two 1569:Altafjord 1498:USS 1446:Vestfjord 1444:made for 1399:HMS 1392:HMS 1385:HMS 1375:HMS 1368:HMS 1360:Luftwaffe 1252:North Sea 1226:Gneisenau 1114:Trondheim 1101:Karl Topp 1057:in Norway 984:flotillas 934:Leningrad 822:main belt 710:displaced 662:of 1935, 654:Richelieu 392:Main deck 316:As built: 179:waterline 164:full load 94:Laid down 5532:Piedmont 5511:Mindanao 5448:Abarenda 5184:Akishimo 5124:Naganami 5118:Hamanami 5071:Albacore 5028:Fort Lee 5020:Whitaker 4891:26 Sep: 4875:24 Sep: 4859:19 Sep: 4849:15 Sep: 4831:14 Sep: 4820:13 Sep: 4809:12 Sep: 4738:30 Sep: 4728:29 Sep: 4721:Dragoner 4718:28 Sep: 4701:27 Sep: 4673:26 Sep: 4662:25 Sep: 4634:24 Sep: 4618:23 Sep: 4608:22 Sep: 4574:21 Sep: 4555:Isoshima 4552:19 Sep: 4530:18 Sep: 4520:17 Sep: 4510:16 Sep: 4500:14 Sep: 4482:13 Sep: 4447:12 Sep: 4431:11 Sep: 4415:10 Sep: 4377:incident 4252:(actual) 4215:Bismarck 4201:Bismarck 4141:Archived 3970:(2009). 3948:(2005). 3803:12 April 3750:(1990). 3633:(1996). 3524:Sweetman 3470:Sweetman 3441:Sweetman 3215:Sweetman 3203:Sweetman 3191:Sweetman 3164:Sweetman 3064:Sweetman 2975:Sweetman 2963:Sweetman 2951:Sweetman 2939:Sweetman 2888:Archived 2872:Sweetman 2857:15 April 2851:Archived 2777:Sweetman 2765:Sweetman 2719:Sweetman 2692:Sweetman 2585:Campbell 2437:calibres 2327:capsized 2182:JW mines 2178:Yagodnik 2008:Kaafjord 1948:Searcher 1571:via the 1468:fuel oil 1089:catapult 1084:Bismarck 967:Nürnberg 944:flagship 813:Würzburg 714:as built 679:long-ton 674:Bismarck 668:and her 636:Bismarck 633:The two 527:Bismarck 507:Bismarck 457:Bismarck 423:catapult 352:(12 × 1) 311:Armament 158:standard 140:Bismarck 121:Sunk by 102:Launched 74:Namesake 5574:YMS-238 5476:Cacapon 5462:Argonne 5416:Mogador 5408:Shinano 5396:Fushimi 5298:Urakaze 5247:Shin'yō 5220:Okinami 5178:Akebono 5170:Tirpitz 5164:Marlean 5087:Growler 5078:LST-420 5044:Kiebitz 5036:Akikaze 4852:Tirpitz 4835:Natchez 4824:Segundo 4802:Yu 3001 4655:Yaeyama 4621:Taranto 4601:Satsuki 4399:9 Sep: 4389:8 Sep: 4369:7 Sep: 4359:5 Sep: 4343:2 Sep: 4320:1 Sep: 4222:Tirpitz 4162:Tirpitz 4152:Tirpitz 3584:Hafsten 2821:Ottosen 2411:Tirpitz 2393:Tirpitz 2359:Tirpitz 2353:Tirpitz 2334:Tirpitz 2324:Tirpitz 2305:Tirpitz 2286:Tirpitz 2280:Tirpitz 2268:Tirpitz 2232:Tirpitz 2222:Tirpitz 2192:Tirpitz 2158:Tirpitz 2130:Tirpitz 2114:Corsair 2110:Firefly 2102:Tirpitz 2087:Tirpitz 2057:Furious 2039:Furious 2031:Furious 2003:Tirpitz 1985:Tirpitz 1965:Tirpitz 1954:Tirpitz 1942:Pursuer 1930:Emperor 1924:Furious 1910:Tirpitz 1904:Neumark 1885:Tirpitz 1863:Neumark 1825:Tirpitz 1808:Kåfjord 1787:Tirpitz 1775:X Craft 1766:Tirpitz 1752:in the 1749:Tirpitz 1721:Tirpitz 1711:Tirpitz 1701:Tirpitz 1636:Tirpitz 1628:Chariot 1620:caisson 1615:Tirpitz 1604:Tirpitz 1584:Tirpitz 1564:Tirpitz 1559:U-boats 1544:Tirpitz 1510:Tirpitz 1477:Tirpitz 1463:Tirpitz 1441:Tirpitz 1432:Tirpitz 1426:Tirpitz 1416:Tirpitz 1407:Tirpitz 1401:Berwick 1349:Tirpitz 1291:Tirpitz 1281:Tirpitz 1247:Tirpitz 1207:Tirpitz 1192:Tirpitz 1178:Tirpitz 1140:Tirpitz 1131:Tirpitz 1106:Tirpitz 1074:Tirpitz 1050:Tirpitz 1033:Tirpitz 1010:Tirpitz 1004:Tirpitz 973:Leipzig 939:Tirpitz 921:Tirpitz 908:Tirpitz 902:Tirpitz 848:Tirpitz 839:Tirpitz 797:Tirpitz 732:geared 706:Tirpitz 665:Tirpitz 616:capsize 585:Tirpitz 568:Tirpitz 550:Tirpitz 540:Tirpitz 522:turrets 513:Tirpitz 433:Tirpitz 386:Turrets 345:(8 × 2) 338:(8 × 2) 331:(6 × 2) 324:(4 × 2) 306:FuMO 23 185:overall 84:Builder 67:Germany 53:History 44:Tirpitz 5598:ML 827 5589:U-1052 5560:Talbot 5455:Alhena 5428:U-1020 5382:PB-105 5348:Sumida 5329:Kumano 5284:ML 827 5241:NKI 01 5149:U-1200 5056:PB-107 4862:Jingei 4813:Fullam 4753:U-1062 4676:Aotaka 4611:Drache 4120: 4094: 4075: 4056: 4037: 4016: 3997: 3978: 3956: 3934: 3915: 3896: 3877: 3858: 3839: 3820: 3777: 3758: 3736: 3717: 3698: 3679: 3660: 3641: 3619: 3572:Schuck 3548:Prager 3327:Breyer 3129:Bishop 3052:Rohwer 3040:Rohwer 3011:Rohwer 2987:Gröner 2704:Gröner 2621:Sieche 2573:Gröner 2513:Gröner 2496:Gröner 2347:Me 262 2312:Lützow 2204:Håkøya 2197:Tromsø 2135:Håkøya 2112:and a 1945:, and 1936:Fencer 1818:, and 1799:Lützow 1796:, and 1538:Lützow 1533:Narvik 1522:Lützow 1377:Renown 1118:Enigma 1019:Hessen 976:, and 955:, the 767:: two 670:sister 638:-class 623:Design 459:-class 374:Armour 172:Length 142:-class 5581:Young 5504:Lyman 5490:Hydra 5469:Aries 5422:U-479 5402:I-365 5368:Rigel 5354:U-482 5321:Hansa 5292:Kongō 5229:LST-6 5143:U-771 5131:Scamp 5095:U-537 5050:Nachi 4884:U-596 4878:U-565 4868:U-565 4781:U-921 4775:U-865 4769:U-855 4763:U-703 4747:U-596 4741:U-565 4731:U-863 4694:U-871 4682:Ro-47 4649:T-120 4627:U-859 4567:U-867 4561:U-407 4523:Un'yō 4513:I-364 4486:Perry 4408:U-484 4362:U-362 4352:U-394 4336:U-247 4240:class 3793:(PDF) 3117:Blair 2397:' 2290:' 2226:' 2162:' 2106:' 2072:Nabob 1970:' 1829:' 1804:mines 1436:' 1411:' 1211:' 1135:' 999:Åland 979:Emden 726:draft 348:12 × 341:16 × 334:16 × 327:12 × 274:Range 267:knots 262:Speed 201:Draft 5667:1945 5659:1944 5651:1943 5639:Duff 5572:USS 5537:USS 5497:Kyne 5483:Cebu 5388:Yu 2 5376:U-80 5262:I-41 5250:(ex- 5214:Kiso 5208:I-38 5202:I-12 5062:TA21 5013:TA20 4933:1945 4925:1944 4917:1943 4840:USS 4703:HMS 4688:Saga 4440:U-19 4424:U-23 4418:U-20 4402:Sava 4250:None 4118:ISBN 4092:ISBN 4073:ISBN 4054:ISBN 4035:ISBN 4014:ISBN 3995:ISBN 3976:ISBN 3954:ISBN 3932:ISBN 3913:ISBN 3894:ISBN 3875:ISBN 3856:ISBN 3837:ISBN 3818:ISBN 3805:2018 3775:ISBN 3756:ISBN 3734:ISBN 3715:ISBN 3696:ISBN 3677:ISBN 3658:ISBN 3639:ISBN 3617:ISBN 2859:2018 2537:Kemp 2214:and 2186:trim 2145:and 2095:and 2075:and 2063:and 2047:for 2037:and 2029:and 2018:and 1921:and 1853:list 1835:and 1550:K-21 1496:and 1318:and 1294:and 1260:and 1223:and 1165:and 961:Köln 926:Kiel 722:beam 518:guns 502:hull 407:4 × 380:Belt 320:8 × 252:3 × 193:Beam 118:Fate 5621:Gar 5076:HM 4463:Noa 4392:Rex 4379:), 4375:, ( 1979:KzS 1682:on 1607:to 1321:Z25 1168:Z29 986:of 750:shp 598:on 496:in 468:'s 279:nmi 265:30 227:shp 5731:: 5601:, 5577:, 5570:, 5563:, 5556:, 5549:, 5542:, 5535:, 5528:, 5521:, 5514:, 5507:, 5500:, 5493:, 5486:, 5479:, 5472:, 5465:, 5458:, 5451:, 5425:, 5419:, 5405:, 5399:, 5385:, 5379:, 5357:, 5351:, 5345:, 5339:, 5332:, 5309:, 5295:, 5280:, 5265:, 5244:, 5238:, 5232:, 5217:, 5211:, 5205:, 5199:, 5193:, 5187:, 5181:, 5167:, 5152:, 5146:, 5140:, 5134:, 5127:, 5121:, 5106:, 5074:, 5059:, 5053:, 5047:, 5016:, 5010:, 4881:, 4865:, 4838:, 4778:, 4772:, 4766:, 4750:, 4744:, 4708:, 4691:, 4685:, 4679:, 4652:, 4646:, 4640:, 4624:, 4598:, 4592:, 4586:, 4580:, 4564:, 4542:, 4536:, 4489:, 4472:, 4466:, 4459:, 4453:, 4437:, 4421:, 4405:, 4349:, 4333:, 4327:, 3795:. 3504:^ 3489:^ 3448:^ 3385:^ 3346:^ 3299:^ 3282:^ 3171:^ 3136:^ 3083:^ 3018:^ 2911:^ 2849:. 2799:^ 2784:^ 2743:^ 2726:^ 2711:^ 2660:^ 2645:^ 2628:^ 2503:^ 2482:^ 2059:, 1939:, 1933:, 1841:X5 1837:X7 1833:X6 1820:X7 1816:X6 1814:, 1812:X5 1790:, 1698:, 1575:. 1525:, 1513:, 1507:. 1312:, 1306:, 1159:, 1153:, 970:, 964:, 936:. 895:. 754:kW 746:PS 594:, 510:, 231:kW 223:PS 5256:) 4982:e 4975:t 4968:v 4558:; 4298:e 4291:t 4284:v 4192:e 4185:t 4178:v 4126:. 4100:. 4081:. 4062:. 4043:. 4022:. 4003:. 3984:. 3962:. 3940:. 3921:. 3902:. 3883:. 3864:. 3845:. 3826:. 3807:. 3783:. 3764:. 3742:. 3723:. 3704:. 3685:. 3666:. 3647:. 3625:. 2861:. 2835:. 1968:' 1756:/ 1488:( 683:t 437:( 249:; 233:) 218:; 20:)

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Index