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378:, although the sarcophagus of Thutmose I was given to Davis for the Boston Museum. The sarcophagus of Thutmose was originally inscribed for Hatshepsut, but later altered for the former king. The interior was entirely recarved to enlarge it and new texts were added. Some of the interior decoration at the head and foot ends was later hastily cut away, presumably during the reburial of Thutmose I, when it was discovered that it was slightly too small for his coffins.
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east-south-west in a clockwise fashion, which is a unique feature amongst the tombs in the valley. Beginning halfway down the first corridor are sockets, likely to take the timber supports used to lower the sarcophagus. Additionally, the corridors have steps cut along one side, with the remaining portion forming a ramp. Another unusual feature of the tomb is its extreme length of 210 metres (690 ft).
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team used pickaxes as the fill was "so hard...one could hardly tell whether the men were cutting the rock or the rubbish." Additionally, the ceiling of this chamber had collapsed. The final flight of steps was cleared by
February 11; it was short, at only 12 metres (39 ft) long. In this corridor Carter began encountering the remains of funerary items, mostly stone vases bearing the
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of
Hatshepsut. Her sarcophagus was found at the far end of the chamber with its lid lying on the floor at the head end; her canopic chest was located in the centre of the room. The sarcophagus of Thutmose I was in the middle of the room, tipped on its side against the second pillar, likely to support
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layer ends and the unstable tafle (marl) stratum below it begins; Carter characterised the latter as a "...stratum of rock so bad that there was fear of it falling at any moment." The second corridor was identical to previous sections, ending in a chamber with another set of stairs cut into the floor
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was found on 2 February 1903 immediately in front of KV20. The foundation deposit was carefully placed between layers of sand and covered over with limestone chips. It contained small alabaster vases, and model items and tools including brick moulds, adzes, axes, chisels, and a flail; other contents
302:
Carter's excavation and clearance began in early Feb 1903 and proved to be difficult, only concluding in March the following year. He found the tomb to be filled with hard, cemented debris. The first passageway was cleared by the end of
February; this corridor curves to the right (clockwise) and is
451:
An unidentified mummy, recovered from DB320 and found within coffins prepared by
Thutmose III for Thutmose I is usually identified as the later king. The body of Hatshepsut has not yet been identified with certainty and the mummified liver or spleen found in DB320 might be all that remains of her,
435:
Despite the foundation deposit of
Hatshepsut and the existence of another tomb for Thutmose I, (KV38), it is now generally presumed that KV 20 originally was quarried for the latter king. Re-evaluation of the architecture of KV38 and some of its content has shown that it is unlikely that this tomb
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The excavation restarted in mid
October but the conditions inside the tomb necessitated the installation of an exhaust fan. This third corridor was cleared by 26 January 1904; the curve to the right becomes a sharp bend at its end. Carter again found the chamber totally filled with debris and his
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Fragments of at least one anthropoid coffin belonging to a mid-Eighteenth dynasty female ruler (presumably
Hatshepsut), fragmentary wooden panels with decoration that links them to objects found in KV20, and a faience vessel, possibly belonging to Thutmose I, were recovered from the shaft in the
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Therefore it has been suggested that KV20 originally extended only to its present penultimate chamber, in which
Thutmose I first was interred, and that the tomb was re-cut and refurbished during the reign of Hatshepsut to accommodate the burial of both her and her father. Later, the burial of
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The tomb has an unusual layout, consisting of a series of five curving, descending corridors, interspersed with sections of steep stairs and passing through two chambers and an antechamber before ending in a pillared burial chamber with three small satellite storerooms. The corridors bend
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49.5 metres (162 ft) long by 2 metres (6.6 ft) wide and tall. The first rectangular chamber was full of cemented debris and was cleared by 15 April. A steep flight of steps cut into the centre of the floor leads to the second corridor. Midway down the second passage, the
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that column. Its lid was found leaning against the wall. Carter noted that none of the items were in their original locations. One of the sarcophagi likely sat in the depression cut immediately in front of the main doorway.
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royal cache. Other items associated with
Hatshepsut, including the legs and footboard of a couch or bed and a fragmentary cartouche-shaped lid are of uncertain origin, but might come from either the Deir el Bahari cache or
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The final chamber, the burial chamber, was found to be full of debris and had suffered a ceiling collapse. The ceiling of the rectangular room was supported by three columns aligned along the length of the room.
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Smaller finds included fragments of vases, bowls, and jars in stone and pottery, burnt pieces of coffins and boxes, the foot and face of a large wooden statue (probably a guardian statue), faience vases and
440:. It also has been noted that the proportions of the KV20 burial chamber are different from those in the rest of the tomb and that they display a design relationship to the architecture of
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leading to a further hallway. At this point work stopped "on account of the heat and the exhaustion of the air, owing to the great numbers of workmen required to carry out the excavation."
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Thutmose I was moved again, to KV38, by his grandson
Thutmose III while the burial of Hatshepsut probably remained in KV20, eventually suffering from robbery (and official dismantling).
363:). The soft rock in the burial chamber was unsuitable for decoration and the slabs were intended to line the walls. Similar blocks, probably from the same series, were found in KV38.
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A single tooth and some DNA clues appear to have solved the mystery of the lost mummy of Hatshepsut, one of the great queens of ancient Egypt, who reigned in the 15th century B.C.
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in 1903–1904. KV20 is distinguishable from other tombs in the valley, both in its general layout and because of the atypical clockwise curvature of its corridors.
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is her. A molar found in the wooden box containing her liver, was matched to one of these mummies in 2007, making it likely that the mummy belongs to Hatshepsut.
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805:
Manuelian, Peter Der; Loeben, Christian E. (1993). "New Light on the Recarved Sarcophagus of Hatshepsut and Thutmose I in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston".
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After Carter's work in the tomb ended, no further activities have been carried out. The ceiling of the burial chamber had suffered a further collapse when
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included linen samples, bread, and vase rests. Some elements of the foundation deposit had washed into the first corridor and were recovered there.
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started his clearance of the rock-hard fill in the corridor in the spring of 1903. This excavation was conducted by Carter as Inspector of the
906:
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Narrative of the Operations... in Egypt and Nubia: Plates Illustrative of the Researches and Operations of G. Belzoni in Egypt and Nubia
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745:
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880:"The Search for Hatshepsut and the Discovery of Her Mummy – Dr. Zahi Hawass – The Plateau – Official Website of Dr. Zahi Hawass"
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visited the tomb in the late 1960s. Since 1994 the burial chamber has been inaccessible due to debris deposited by flooding.
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A box inscribed for Hatshepsut as pharaoh, containing the remains of a mummified liver or spleen was recovered from the
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in 1799 and had been visited by several explorers between 1799 and 1903. A full clearance of the tomb was undertaken by
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One of the two sarcophagi found in KV20, originally intended for Hatshepsut, but re-inscribed for her father Thutmose I
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Carter's excavation was completed at the end of March 1904, and the sarcophagi and canopic box were removed to
191:). It was probably the first royal tomb to be constructed in the valley. KV20 was the original burial place of
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in red and black ink and illustrated with 'stick figures' like those seen in the tomb of Thutmose III (
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740:(Duckworth 2004 reprint ed.). London: Archibald Constable & Co. Ltd. pp. 105–106.
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645:(Duckworth 2004 reprint ed.). London: Archibald Constable & Co. Ltd. pp. 77–80.
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explored it in 1844 and 1845, no further attempts to excavate the tomb were undertaken until
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Carter found two items bearing Hatshepsut's cartouches during his excavation of the tomb of
238:, who worked in the area in 1817. A first attempt to excavate the tomb was undertaken by
713:
The Complete Valley of the Kings : Tombs and Treasures of Egypt's Greatest Pharaohs
671:
Romer, John (1974). "Tuthmosis I and the Bibân El-Molûk: Some Problems of Attribution".
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KV20 is located in the easternmost branch of the valley near the later tombs
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although it also has been suggested that one of two female mummies found in
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715:(Paperback reprint ed.). London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 91–94.
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Scanning the Pharaohs : CT Imaging of the New Kingdom Royal Mummies
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in 1824, who cleared it as far as the tomb's first chamber. Although
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Model bread loaves from the Foundation deposit for Hatshepsut's Tomb
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294:(KV43), leading him to suspect her tomb must be nearby. A single
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Description de l'Égypte... Antiquités, Planches, Tome Deuxième
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Davis, Theodore M.; Naville, Edouard; Carter, Howard (1906).
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Davis, Theodore M.; Naville, Edouard; Carter, Howard (1906).
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The burial chamber proved to contain two sarcophagi and the
901:. Cairo: The American University in Cairo. pp. 59–63.
530:"KV 20 (Thutmes I and Hatshepsut) – Theban Mapping Project"
478:(in French). Paris: Imprimerie impériale. p. Plate 77.
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KV20 Burial chamber J2 as seen by Howard Carter circa 1904
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Buildings and structures completed in the 15th century BC
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to accommodate her and her father. The tomb was known to
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234:. It was known to the French expedition of 1799 and to
568:. London: Kegan Paul International. pp. 13–17.
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includes description, images, and plan of the tomb.
258:, who published a full report of the work in 1906.
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566:Valley of the Kings: Decline of a royal necropolis
954:"Tooth Clinches Identification of Egyptian Queen"
472:Commission des sciences et arts d'Egypte (1812).
776:"Report of Work Done in Upper Egypt (1903–1904)"
711:Reeves, Nicholas; Wilkinson, Richard H. (2010).
591:"Report of Work Done in Upper Egypt (1902–1903)"
16:Ancient Egyptian tomb in the Valley of the Kings
351:Also found in the burial chamber were fifteen
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780:Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte
596:Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte
8:
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1568:List of burials in the Valley of the Kings
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495:. London: John Murray. p. Plate XXXIX
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199:) and later was adapted by his daughter
897:Hawass, Zahi; Saleem, Sahar N. (2016).
464:
442:Hatshepsut's pharaonic mortuary temple
924:"Tooth May Have Solved Mummy Mystery"
922:Wilford, John Noble (June 27, 2007).
7:
1511:Discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun
431:Model Dish from a foundation deposit
371:coffins, and small pieces of inlay.
807:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
673:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
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347:Foundation deposits found at KV20
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390:Other items associated with KV20
254:, but the work was sponsored by
62:
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843:, (kegan Paul, 1990) pp.121–122
355:slabs bearing chapters of the
320:, Thutmose I, and Hatshepsut.
195:(who was later re-interred in
1:
1114:(Ramesses V and Ramesses VI)
982:Theban Mapping Project: KV20
534:www.thebanmappingproject.com
63:
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1516:Amarna Royal Tombs Project
489:Belzoni, Giovanni (1820).
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869:(Kegan Paul, 1990) p. 245
856:(Kegan Paul, 1990) p. 244
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1151:(Twosret and Sethnakhte)
218:Location and exploration
125:East Valley of the Kings
774:Carter, Howard (1905).
738:The Tomb of Hâtshopsîtû
643:The Tomb of Hâtshopsîtû
589:Carter, Howard (1903).
436:pre-dates the reign of
278:Excavation and contents
105:25.739083°N 32.603444°E
1521:Theban Mapping Project
564:Reeves, C. N. (1990).
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1082:(sons of Ramesses II)
1066:(son of Ramesses III)
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1547:Valley of the Queens
205:Napoleon Bonaparte's
110:25.739083; 32.603444
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1191:(Mentuherkhepeshef)
1019:Valley of the Kings
867:Valley of the Kings
854:Valley of the Kings
841:Valley of the Kings
762:Valley of the Kings
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1352:(Amenemipet)
1284:(Thutmose I)
1199:(Hatshepsut)
1196:
1183:(Ramesses X)
1167:(Ramesses I)
962:. Retrieved
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143:James Burton
96:32°36′12.4″E
93:25°44′20.7″N
1542:Royal Cache
1503:Exploration
1456:West Valley
1271:(Maiherpri)
1122:(Amenmesse)
1106:(Merenptah)
1041:East Valley
813:: 121–155.
679:: 119–133.
417:New Kingdom
405:Ramesses IX
292:Thutmose IV
150:(1903–1904)
134:before 1799
108: /
83:Coordinates
1602:Hatshepsut
1597:Thutmose I
1581:Categories
1400:(Horemheb)
1307:(Sennefer)
607:14 October
539:2021-04-23
460:References
314:cartouches
263:John Romer
208:expedition
201:Hatshepsut
193:Thutmose I
131:Discovered
33:Hatshepsut
29:Thutmose I
1328:(Userhet)
1159:(Seti II)
964:April 13,
403:(tomb of
353:limestone
305:limestone
1530:See also
1344:(Siptah)
1175:(Seti I)
935:June 29,
790:24 April
499:23 April
419:rulers.
158:Previous
121:Location
1551:burials
1242:(Tia'a)
958:Reuters
827:3822161
693:3856179
369:ushabti
244:Lepsius
236:Belzoni
169: →
156:←
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719:
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649:
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357:Amduat
269:Layout
230:, and
145:(1824)
1471:WV23
1463:WV22
1439:KV64
1426:KV62
1398:KV57
1350:KV48
1342:KV47
1334:KV46
1326:KV45
1313:KV43
1305:KV42
1282:KV38
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1197:KV20
1189:KV19
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1157:KV15
1149:KV14
1143:(Bay)
1141:KV13
1128:KV11
1120:KV10
1032:minor
1027:Tombs
823:JSTOR
786:: 119
689:JSTOR
603:: 177
396:DB320
376:Cairo
189:Egypt
1484:WV25
1479:WV24
1473:(Ay)
1447:KV65
1434:KV63
1421:KV61
1416:KV60
1411:KV59
1406:KV58
1393:KV56
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1230:KV30
1225:KV29
1220:KV28
1215:KV27
1210:KV26
1205:KV21
1136:KV12
1112:KV9
1104:KV8
1096:KV7
1088:KV6
1080:KV5
1072:KV4
1064:KV3
1056:KV2
1048:KV1
966:2008
937:2007
903:ISBN
792:2021
742:ISBN
717:ISBN
647:ISBN
609:2020
570:ISBN
501:2021
454:KV60
361:KV34
232:KV60
228:KV43
224:KV19
197:KV38
181:KV20
172:KV21
167:Next
162:KV19
70:KV20
31:and
22:KV20
1489:WVA
815:doi
681:doi
413:KV4
407:).
401:KV6
316:of
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