492:, intending instead to use the money to build new ships. The new vessels would be built to similar dimensions as the earlier vessels, and some material, including the engines, armor plate, and various fittings, would be reused to save money. To complete the deception, he assigned the ships the same names, which has led to some confusion in subsequent histories, including accepting Pöck's lie that they were the same vessels, despite noting the different dimensions of the hulls. Part of the confusion owes to the records in the Austrian state and military archives, which refer to the ships as simple conversions, not new constructions.
57:
840:
626:
33:
443:
366:, though they were in fact entire new vessels. Only parts of the earlier ships' machinery, armor plating, and other equipment were reused in the new ironclads. The ships were all laid down in 1874; the first two were launched in 1875 and completed in 1876, while work on
481:
in 1866, refused to divert funds to the navy's budget for new ships. In addition, obstruction from the
Hungarian half of the empire, which was less concerned with naval matters, added an additional obstacle for the navy in its attempts to improve its fighting strength.
577:
rig with an area of 1,633.15 square meters (17,579.1 sq ft), but in 1880 the rigging was cut down to 1,156.6 m (12,450 sq ft). By the 1890s, the ships had their rigging removed altogether and instead carried three masts with
381:
The ships had fairly uneventful careers, owing in part to the restricted naval budgets of the 1870s and 1880s, which precluded an active fleet policy. The three ships made one major overseas cruise to Spain in 1888 to take part in the
689:. The other three were capable of firing only limited arc to the side. They also carried four 9 cm (3.5 in) 24-cal. guns, two 7 cm (2.8 in) 15-cal. landing guns, six 47 mm (1.9 in) 35-cal.
370:
proceeded much more slowly. She was launched in 1877 and completed in 1878. The three ships were armed with a battery of eight 21-centimeter (8.3 in) guns mounted in a central, armored
1380:
1491:
617:
reached a maximum of 13.38 knots (24.78 km/h; 15.40 mph) during her initial trials. Each ship had a storage capacity of 380 long tons (390 t) of coal.
1373:
1500:
1458:
1649:
549:). Each vessel had a crew that ranged from 400 to 440 officers and enlisted men. As was common for ironclads of the period, they had a pronounced
1612:
1484:
1366:
1530:
1328:
1309:
1265:
509:. The project was not without critics, however; the naval historian R. F. Scheltema de Heere describes the vessels as "hopelessly obsolete".
1477:
1296:
Sieche, Erwin & Bilzer, Ferdinand (1979). "Austria-Hungary". In
Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M. (eds.).
879:
383:
503:
es. The "reconstructions" proved to be very economical, with the three new ships costing as much as had been spent on the ironclad
1523:
1410:
791:
641:
486:
452:
360:
348:
20:
1605:
771:
724:
of the belt armor were newly manufactured; the rest of the iron used to protect the casemate deck came from the earlier
728:
class. The casemate battery was protected with 125 mm (4.9 in) thick plates. The new belt armor consisted of
954:
478:
754:
953:. The ship was either scrapped in 1924, or kept in the Yugoslav inventory until the country was overrun in the
669:, which allowed for limited end-on fire, though only forward, unlike earlier ironclads. Their battery of eight
526:
178:
597:
that was 5.64 m (18.5 ft) in diameter. Steam was provided by five coal-fired boilers with thirty
1564:
1417:
809:
635:
598:
504:
446:
354:
1585:
1516:
1442:
1403:
966:
764:
629:
474:
462:
342:
338:
85:
62:
466:
712:
that was 203 mm (8 in) thick and was capped with 115 mm (4.5 in) thick transverse
485:
Reconstruction projects were uncontroversial, however, and so Pöck requested funds to rebuild the old
1542:
965:, meanwhile, sank under uncertain circumstances in 1919 before she could be seized by the victorious
713:
1597:
938:
674:
538:
423:
221:
886:
up to that point. The three ships participated in fleet training exercises in June and July 1889.
858:
was mobilized for the first time to take part in an international naval demonstration against the
1508:
871:
1571:
1433:
1347:
1324:
1305:
1284:
1261:
1240:
1219:
682:
72:
1298:
729:
690:
496:
470:
330:
275:
1275:
Scheltema de Heere, R. F. (1973). Fisher, Edward C. (ed.). "Austro-Hungarian
Battleships".
882:. This was the largest squadron of the Austro-Hungarian Navy that had operated outside the
878:, Spain, with several other major warships to take part in the opening ceremonies for the
839:
717:
594:
530:
227:
386:. They were withdrawn from service in the early 1900s and converted for secondary roles;
1469:
1233:
The United States Army and Navy
Journal and Gazette of the Regular and Volunteer Forces
894:
859:
566:
565:
deck that began just aft of the mizzenmast. As completed, the ships had no significant
522:
172:
1643:
910:
694:
670:
658:
602:
570:
395:
334:
282:
262:
143:
958:
883:
854:
in Pola; budgetary issues prevented the ironclad fleet from being active. In 1881,
709:
702:
662:
586:
579:
534:
291:
585:
Their propulsion system consisted of one horizontal, single-expansion, 2-cylinder
418:
sank under unclear circumstances while the other two ships were seized by Italy.
1557:
926:
918:
749:
606:
574:
562:
411:
403:
375:
240:
897:
after the turn of the century to free up funds for new construction projects.
867:
625:
610:
554:
442:
305:
207:
1358:
1351:
1288:
1550:
875:
550:
32:
1244:
1223:
905:
were deleted from the list in
December and June 1904, respectively, though
434:
over to
Yugoslavia, however. The ultimate fate of both vessels is unclear.
925:. All three members of the class remained in the navy's inventory through
851:
1254:
Des
Kaisers Schwimmende Festungen: die Kasemattschiffe Österreich-Ungarns
686:
666:
558:
542:
371:
311:
154:
1258:
The Kaiser's
Floating Fortresses: The Casemate Ships of Austria-Hungary
775:
863:
721:
838:
678:
624:
573:
was erected. The ships were originally fitted with a three-masted
546:
441:
359:. The three ships were ostensibly the same vessels as the earlier
158:
1346:(4). Toledo: International Naval Research Organization: 342–361.
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
817:
647:
1473:
1362:
941:
in the postwar peace negotiations. Italy refused to relinquish
705:, one in the bow, one in the stern, and one on each broadside.
1095:
1093:
1216:
The
British Navy: Its Strength, Resources, and Administration
569:, but during a modernization later in their careers, a small
469:, repeatedly tried to secure funding from parliament for new
909:
lingered on until
December 1912. The first two ships became
495:
The design for the new ships was prepared by Chief Engineer
697:, and two 25 mm (0.98 in) guns. Each ship of the
961:, her fate after falling back into Italian hands unknown.
685:, with the forwardmost guns on each side in an angled
605:. The engines were rated to produce a top speed of 12
473:, but the government, preoccupied with rebuilding the
1174:
1080:
1078:
1596:
1541:
1507:
1338:Vego, Milan (1982). "The Yugoslav Navy 1918–1941".
1304:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 266–283.
1239:. New York: Army and Navy Journal, Inc.: 913 1889.
16:
Ironclad warship class of the Austro-Hungarian Navy
1297:
1110:
1108:
1300:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
537:of 6.15 m (20 ft 2 in). The ships
521:class were 75.87 meters (248 ft 11 in)
1260:]. Vienna: Neuer Wissenschaftlicher Verlag.
1045:
1321:The Naval Policy of Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918
1283:(1). Toledo: Naval Records Club, Inc.: 11–97.
1138:
1126:
1099:
1057:
996:
701:class also had four 35 cm (13.8 in)
426:in the postwar peace negotiations and renamed
1485:
1374:
8:
1459:List of ironclad warships of Austria-Hungary
708:The ships' armor protection consisted of an
533:of 15.25 m (50 ft) and an average
1323:. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press.
374:, and were capable of a top speed of 13.28
1492:
1478:
1470:
1381:
1367:
1359:
949:was transferred to Yugoslavia and renamed
870:in accordance with the terms of the 1878
525:and 73.23 m (240 ft 3 in)
874:. In 1888, all three ships travelled to
739:
589:that had been salvaged from the earlier
977:
609:(22 km/h; 14 mph) from 2,755
1218:. London: Longman's, Greene & Co.
171:75.87 m (248 ft 11 in)
27:
513:General characteristics and machinery
177:73.23 m (240 ft 3 in)
7:
1614:Kronprinzessin Erzherzogin Stephanie
1501:Ironclad warships of Austria-Hungary
1186:
1162:
1008:
984:
945:, the fate of which is unknown, but
862:to force it to transfer the city of
499:, who had also designed the earlier
461:In the early 1870s, the head of the
1150:
1084:
601:, which were trunked into a single
378:(24.59 km/h; 15.28 mph).
1114:
1069:
937:, though both were awarded to the
287:2 × 25 mm (0.98 in) guns
198:6.15 m (20 ft 2 in)
14:
1650:Kaiser Max-class ironclads (1875)
693:, three 47 mm (1.9 in)
477:after its crushing defeat at the
243:(24.59 km/h; 15.28 mph)
1198:
850:The three ships spent the 1870s
271:2 × 7 cm (2.8 in) guns
268:4 × 9 cm (3.5 in) guns
55:
31:
21:Kaiser Max-class ironclad (1862)
665:in a centrally-located armored
880:Barcelona Universal Exposition
772:Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino
593:es. The engine drove a single
384:Barcelona Universal Exposition
290:4 × 35 cm (13.8 in)
1:
807:
789:
762:
281:3 × 47 mm (1.9 in)
274:6 × 47 mm (1.9 in)
827:
824:
821:
815:
803:
800:
797:
785:
782:
779:
677:(cal.) guns manufactured by
557:deck that terminated at the
1319:Sondhaus, Lawrence (1994).
1214:Brassey, Thomas A. (1882).
671:21-centimeter (8.3 in)
314:: 125 mm (4.9 in)
19:For the earlier class, see
1666:
1607:Kronprinz Erzherzog Rudolf
1165:, pp. 40–41, 65, 107.
893:es were stricken from the
741:
681:were mounted four on each
308:: 203 mm (8 in)
18:
1623:
1543:Central battery ironclads
1454:
1428:
1399:
770:
695:Hotchkiss revolver cannon
661:, which concentrated the
283:Hotchkiss revolver cannon
190:15.25 m (50 ft)
134:
45:
30:
553:. The ships had a short
430:. Italy refused to turn
263:21 cm (8.3 in)
1532:Erzherzog Ferdinand Max
422:was transferred to the
135:General characteristics
1252:Pawlik, Georg (2003).
847:
846:as modernized, c. 1898
650:
458:
1340:Warship International
1277:Warship International
917:was converted into a
842:
716:on either end of the
628:
613:(2,054 kW), but
527:long at the waterline
475:Austro-Hungarian Army
463:Austro-Hungarian Navy
445:
339:Austro-Hungarian Navy
333:was a group of three
63:Austro-Hungarian Navy
1630:Single ship of class
816:Pola Naval Arsenal,
611:indicated horsepower
479:Battle of Königgrätz
1509:Broadside ironclads
1046:Sieche & Bilzer
939:Royal Yugoslav Navy
424:Royal Yugoslav Navy
222:marine steam engine
1598:Barbette ironclads
1566:Erzherzog Albrecht
1412:Don Juan d'Austria
1139:Scheltema de Heere
1129:, pp. 18, 20.
1127:Scheltema de Heere
1100:Scheltema de Heere
1060:, pp. 13, 41.
1058:Scheltema de Heere
997:Scheltema de Heere
963:Don Juan d'Austria
903:Don Juan d'Austria
872:Congress of Berlin
848:
844:Don Juan d'Austria
793:Don Juan d'Austria
657:-class ships were
651:
643:Don Juan d'Austria
621:Armament and armor
506:Erzherzog Albrecht
467:Friedrich von Pöck
459:
416:Don Juan d'Austria
392:Don Juan d'Austria
350:Don Juan d'Austria
1637:
1636:
1467:
1466:
1330:978-1-55753-034-9
1311:978-0-85177-133-5
1267:978-3-7083-0045-0
1231:"Foreign Items".
1011:, pp. 45–46.
987:, pp. 36–38.
911:floating barracks
832:
831:
825:7 September 1877
798:14 February 1874
783:28 December 1875
780:14 February 1874
691:quick-firing guns
517:The ships of the
471:ironclad warships
331:ironclad warships
320:
319:
82:Succeeded by
1657:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1471:
1393:-class ironclads
1383:
1376:
1369:
1360:
1355:
1334:
1315:
1303:
1292:
1271:
1248:
1227:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1103:
1097:
1088:
1082:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
801:25 October 1875
786:26 October 1876
740:
582:for light guns.
497:Josef von Romako
490:-class ironclads
406:and was renamed
61:
59:
58:
35:
28:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1619:
1592:
1537:
1503:
1498:
1468:
1463:
1450:
1424:
1395:
1387:
1337:
1331:
1318:
1312:
1295:
1274:
1268:
1251:
1230:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1175:"Foreign Items"
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1106:
1098:
1091:
1083:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1015:
1007:
1003:
995:
991:
983:
979:
975:
929:; Italy seized
837:
835:Service history
738:
720:. Only the two
623:
595:screw propeller
515:
451:of the earlier
440:
228:screw propeller
210:(2,054 kW)
203:Installed power
56:
54:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1663:
1661:
1653:
1652:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1602:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1547:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1513:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1439:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1335:
1329:
1316:
1310:
1293:
1272:
1266:
1249:
1228:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1201:, p. 347.
1191:
1189:, p. 155.
1179:
1177:, p. 913.
1167:
1155:
1153:, p. 258.
1143:
1131:
1119:
1104:
1089:
1087:, p. 259.
1074:
1062:
1050:
1048:, p. 270.
1013:
1001:
989:
976:
974:
971:
895:naval register
860:Ottoman Empire
836:
833:
830:
829:
828:November 1878
826:
823:
820:
814:
806:
805:
802:
799:
796:
788:
787:
784:
781:
778:
769:
761:
760:
757:
752:
747:
744:
737:
734:
730:Bessemer steel
659:casemate ships
640:(center), and
622:
619:
567:superstructure
514:
511:
439:
436:
396:barracks ships
341:in the 1870s:
337:built for the
335:casemate ships
318:
317:
316:
315:
309:
301:
297:
296:
295:
294:
288:
285:
279:
272:
269:
266:
257:
253:
252:
249:
245:
244:
237:
233:
232:
231:
230:
224:
216:
212:
211:
204:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
188:
184:
183:
182:
181:
175:
167:
163:
162:
151:
147:
146:
141:
140:Class and type
137:
136:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
120:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
83:
79:
78:
70:
66:
65:
52:
48:
47:
46:Class overview
43:
42:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1662:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1441:Followed by:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1432:Preceded by:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1141:, p. 18.
1140:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1117:, p. 63.
1116:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1102:, p. 41.
1101:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1072:, p. 61.
1071:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1002:
999:, p. 13.
998:
993:
990:
986:
981:
978:
972:
970:
968:
967:Allied powers
964:
960:
956:
955:Axis invasion
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
845:
841:
834:
822:October 1874
819:
813:
812:
808:
804:26 June 1876
795:
794:
790:
777:
773:
768:
767:
763:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
745:
742:
735:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
706:
704:
703:torpedo tubes
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
649:
645:
644:
639:
638:
633:
632:
627:
620:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
580:fighting tops
576:
572:
571:conning tower
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
529:. They had a
528:
524:
520:
512:
510:
508:
507:
502:
498:
493:
491:
489:
483:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
457:
455:
450:
449:
444:
437:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
363:
358:
357:
352:
351:
346:
345:
340:
336:
332:
328:
326:
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144:Casemate ship
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103:In commission
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1146:
1134:
1122:
1065:
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1004:
992:
980:
962:
959:World War II
950:
946:
942:
934:
930:
922:
921:and renamed
914:
906:
902:
898:
890:
888:
855:
849:
843:
810:
792:
765:
725:
710:armored belt
707:
698:
663:main battery
654:
652:
642:
636:
630:
614:
590:
587:steam engine
584:
561:and a short
545:(3,605
523:long overall
518:
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323:
321:
157:(3,605
150:Displacement
87:
74:
40:c. 1880–1889
37:
25:
1419:Prinz Eugen
927:World War I
919:repair ship
915:Prinz Eugen
907:Prinz Eugen
856:Prinz Eugen
811:Prinz Eugen
646:(right) in
637:Prinz Eugen
575:barquentine
563:sterncastle
448:Prinz Eugen
412:World War I
404:repair ship
400:Prinz Eugen
368:Prinz Eugen
356:Prinz Eugen
206:2,755
69:Preceded by
1587:Tegetthoff
1580:Kaiser Max
1525:Kaiser Max
1445:Tegetthoff
1405:Kaiser Max
1391:Kaiser Max
1208:References
947:Kaiser Max
931:Kaiser Max
899:Kaiser Max
891:Kaiser Max
889:The three
868:Montenegro
766:Kaiser Max
759:Completed
726:Kaiser Max
699:Kaiser Max
655:Kaiser Max
631:Kaiser Max
615:Kaiser Max
591:Kaiser Max
555:forecastle
519:Kaiser Max
501:Kaiser Max
488:Kaiser Max
454:Kaiser Max
420:Kaiser Max
388:Kaiser Max
362:Kaiser Max
344:Kaiser Max
325:Kaiser Max
215:Propulsion
88:Tegetthoff
38:Kaiser Max
1443:SMS
1434:SMS
1352:0043-0374
1289:0043-0374
876:Barcelona
750:Laid down
714:bulkheads
683:broadside
599:fireboxes
543:long tons
539:displaced
402:became a
155:long tons
111:Completed
106:1876–1912
98:1874–1878
86:SMS
73:SMS
51:Operators
1644:Category
1187:Sondhaus
1163:Sondhaus
1009:Sondhaus
985:Sondhaus
884:Adriatic
755:Launched
746:Builder
687:gun port
667:casemate
634:(left),
559:foremast
410:. After
372:casemate
312:Casemate
256:Armament
127:Scrapped
1559:Custoza
1245:1589766
1224:3468037
1151:Brassey
1085:Brassey
957:during
852:laid up
776:Trieste
722:strakes
718:citadel
675:caliber
551:ram bow
394:became
1573:Kaiser
1518:Drache
1436:Kaiser
1350:
1327:
1308:
1287:
1264:
1243:
1222:
1115:Pawlik
1070:Pawlik
943:Vulkan
935:Vulkan
923:Vulkan
864:Ulcinj
603:funnel
541:3,548
438:Design
432:Vulkan
408:Vulkan
353:, and
239:13.28
166:Length
153:3,548
75:Kaiser
60:
1552:Lissa
1256:[
973:Notes
951:Tivat
743:Name
736:Ships
679:Krupp
607:knots
535:draft
456:class
428:Tivat
376:knots
364:class
327:class
300:Armor
241:knots
236:Speed
195:Draft
95:Built
1348:ISSN
1325:ISBN
1306:ISBN
1285:ISSN
1262:ISBN
1241:OCLC
1220:OCLC
1199:Vego
933:and
913:and
901:and
818:Pola
653:The
648:Pola
531:beam
398:and
390:and
322:The
306:Belt
278:guns
265:guns
261:8 ×
248:Crew
226:1 ×
220:1 ×
187:Beam
119:Lost
1344:XIX
866:to
673:20-
329:of
251:400
208:ihp
179:lwl
173:o/a
1646::
1342:.
1279:.
1237:24
1235:.
1107:^
1092:^
1077:^
1016:^
969:.
774:,
732:.
465:,
414:,
347:,
276:QF
1627:S
1493:e
1486:t
1479:v
1382:e
1375:t
1368:v
1354:.
1333:.
1314:.
1291:.
1281:X
1270:.
1247:.
1226:.
547:t
161:)
159:t
130:2
122:1
114:3
23:.
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