Kaiser Permanente - Knowledge (XXG)

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accurately track wait times and track doctor availability amid evidence of inconsistent electronic and paper records. It was also found by the DMHC that patients received written materials circulated by Kaiser dissuading them from seeking care, a violation of state and federal laws. DMHC also issued a cease and desist order for Kaiser to end the practices. DMHC conducted a follow-up investigation which published in April 2015. The report found Kaiser had put systems in place to better track how patients were being cared for but still had not addressed problems with actually providing mental health care that complied with state and federal laws. Kaiser's challenges on this front were exacerbated by a long, unresolved

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HMO. KP's performance has been attributed to three practices: First, KP places a strong emphasis on preventive care, reducing costs later on. Second, its doctors are salaried rather than paid per service, which removes the main incentive for doctors to perform unnecessary procedures. Thirdly, KP attempts to minimize the time patients spend in high-cost hospitals by carefully planning their stay and by shifting care to outpatient clinics. This practice results in lower costs per member, cost savings for KP and greater doctor attention to patients. A comparison to the UK's

1203:, ultimately selecting Epic as the primary vendor for a new system, branded KP HealthConnect. Although Kaiser's approach shifted to "buy, not build," the project was unprecedented for a civilian system in size and scope. Deployed across all eight regions over six years and at a cost of more than $ 6 billion, by 2010, it was the largest civilian electronic medical record system, serving more than 8.6 million Kaiser Permanente members, implemented at a cost exceeding a half million dollars per physician. As of 2020 KP HealthConnect supports 12.2 million members. 1377:

waiting for a kidney. At other California transplant centers, more than twice as many people received kidneys than died during the same period. Unlike other centers, the Kaiser program did not perform riskier transplants or use donated organs from elderly or other higher-risk people, which have worse outcomes. Northern California Kaiser closed the kidney transplant program in May 2006. As before, Northern California Kaiser now pays for pre-transplant care and transplants at other hospitals. This change affected approximately 2,000 patients.

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intermeddling led to significant friction at every level of the organization. The situation was not helped by Kaiser's marriage to Garfield's head administrative nurse (who had helped care for Kaiser's first wife on her deathbed), convincing Garfield to marry the sister of that nurse, and then having Garfield move in next door to him. Clifford Keene (who would eventually serve as president of Kaiser Permanente) later recalled that this arrangement resulted in a rather dysfunctional and combative family in charge of Kaiser Permanente.

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resented the implication that they were directly controlled by Kaiser, and successfully forced him to back off with respect to their part of the organization. That same year, Kaiser Permanente also began experiments with large-scale multiphasic screening to identify unknown conditions and to facilitate treatment of known ones. Simultaneously, although no one questioned his medical competence, Garfield's deficiencies as an executive were becoming apparent as the organization expanded far beyond his ability to manage it properly.

1460:. At the end of 2010 Kaiser held $ 666 million in reserves, which was about 1,300% of the minimum required under Colorado state law. Those funds were in Kaiser's risk-based capital account, held to pay for disasters or major projects. In 2008, the Colorado regulator required Kaiser to spend down its reserves; after negotiations Kaiser agreed to spend $ 155 million of its reserves giving credits to its clients and building clinics in underserved parts of the state. 912: 960:). Three weeks later, the 71-bed Richmond Field Hospital opened. Six first aid stations were set up in the shipyards to treat industrial accidents and minor illness. Each first aid station had an ambulance ready to rush patients to the surgical field hospital if required. Stabilized patients could be moved to the larger hospital for recuperative care. The Northern Permanente Hospital opened two weeks later to serve workers at the Kaiser shipyard in 803:, a separate entity, which focuses on standardizing patient care and performance under one name and system of policies. Around the same time, The Permanente Company was also chartered as a vehicle to provide investment opportunities for the for-profit Permanente Medical Groups. One of the ventures of the Permanente Company is Kaiser Permanente Ventures, a venture capital firm that invests in emerging medical technologies. 829: 4399: 807: 865:. Soon enough, Garfield's new hospital was in a precarious financial state (with mounting debt and the staff of three going unpaid), due in part to Garfield's desire to treat all patients regardless of ability to pay, as well as his insistence on equipping the hospital adequately so that critically injured patients could be stabilized for the long journey to full-service hospitals in Los Angeles. 49: 890:

earlier employer), Hatch and Ordway persuaded Edgar to meet with Garfield, and in turn Edgar persuaded Garfield to tour the Grand Coulee site. Garfield subsequently agreed to reproduce at Grand Coulee Dam what he had done on the Colorado River Aqueduct project. He immediately spent $ 100,000 on renovating the decrepit Mason City Hospital and hired seven physicians.

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Foundation Health Plans. The first medical group, The Permanente Medical Group (TPMG), formed in 1948 in Northern California, is one of the largest doctors groups in the United States with 11,225 medical professionals and 186 locations at the beginning of 2023. Permanente physicians become stockholders in TPMG after three years at the company.

40: 1134:. In 1998, Kaiser Permanente sold its Texas operations, where reported problems had become so severe that the organization directed its lawyers to attempt to block the release of a Texas Department of Insurance report. This prompted the state attorney general to threaten to revoke the organization's license. Kaiser Permanente closed 869:

cover work-related injuries, while the workers would each contribute five cents per day to cover non-work-related injuries. Later, Garfield also credited Ordway with coming up with the general idea of prepayment for industrial health care and explained that he did not know much at the time about other similar

464:. Kaiser Permanente is made up of three distinct but interdependent groups of entities: the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. (KFHP) and its regional operating subsidiaries; Kaiser Foundation Hospitals; and the regional Permanente Medical Groups. As of 2023, Kaiser Permanente operates in eight states ( 1412:

KP's California operations were subject to four labor strikes in 2011 and 2012, involving nurses, mental health providers, and other professionals. The National Union of Healthcare Workers (NUHW) accused Kaiser of deliberately stalling negotiations while profiting $ 2.1 billion in 2011 and paying its

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city officials had filed civil and criminal legal action against Kaiser Permanente for patient dumping, which was the first action of its kind that the city had taken. The city's decision to charge Kaiser Permanente reportedly was influenced by security camera footage, allegedly showing a 63-year-old

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Kaiser appealed the findings, the order, and the fine, and sought to keep the proceedings closed, but in September 2014, in the face of the administrative judge's order to keep the proceedings open, and facing the beginning of public testimony, Kaiser withdrew the appeal and paid the $ 4 million. It

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in San Francisco and asked him to turn around the organization. It took Keene 15 years to realize that Kaiser had forced Garfield to ask Keene to become his replacement. Due to the chaos on the board, Keene at first took control with the vague title of Executive Associate, but it soon became clear to

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resulted in a massive increase in the number of employees at the Richmond shipyard. In January 1941, Henry Kaiser asked Garfield to set up an insurance plan for the Richmond workers (this was merely contract negotiation with insurance companies), and a year later Kaiser asked Garfield to duplicate at

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Hatch's solution enabled Garfield to bring his budget back into the positive, and to experiment with providing a broader range of services to the workers besides pure emergency care. By the time work on the aqueduct concluded and the project was wrapped up, Garfield had paid off all of his debts, was

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in Washington state, and took over responsibility for the thousands of workers who had worked for a different construction consortium on the first half of the dam. Edgar Kaiser, Henry's son, was in charge of the project. To smooth over relations with the workers (who had been treated poorly by their

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However, Garfield won over two Industrial Indemnity executives, Harold Hatch and Alonzo B. Ordway. It was Hatch who proposed to Garfield the specific solution that would lead to the creation of Kaiser Permanente: Industrial Indemnity would prepay 17.5% of premiums, or $ 1.50 per worker per month, to

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Permanente Medical Groups are physician-owned organizations, which provide and arrange for medical care for Kaiser Foundation Health Plan members in each respective region. The medical groups are for-profit partnerships or professional corporations and receive nearly all of their funding from Kaiser

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Kaiser operates a Division of Research, which annually conducts between 200 and 300 studies, and the Center for Health Research, which in 2009 had more than 300 active studies. Kaiser's bias toward prevention is reflected in the areas of interest—vaccine and genetic studies are prominent. The work

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With his wartime glory receding into history, Henry Kaiser became fascinated with the health care system created for him by Garfield and began to directly manage Kaiser Permanente and Garfield. This resulted in a financial disaster when Kaiser splurged on the new Walnut Creek hospital; his constant

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In 1943, Henry J. Kaiser and Dr. Sidney R. Garfield opened a 50-bed hospital, housing six physicians for the 3000 employees and their families at the new Kaiser Steel Mill in Fontana, California, offering a pre-paid health care plan for $ 0.60/week for adults, and $ 0.30/week for children. In 1945,

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In October 2023, as many as 75,000 Kaiser healthcare workers went on a three-day strike at KP hospitals and clinics. The Union had accused Kaiser of failing to address critical staff shortages, and demanded higher pay for staff. In November 2023 the workers voted to ratify a new four-year contract

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Kaiser Permanente announced its plan to start a medical school in December, 2015, and the school welcomed its inaugural class in June, 2020. The vision for the school is to redesign physician education around the pillars of patient-centered care, population health, quality improvement, team-based

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In the California Healthcare Quality Report Card 2013 Edition, Kaiser Permanente's Northern California and Southern California regions, KP received four out of four possible stars in Meeting National Standards of Care. KP North and South also received three out of four stars in Members Rate Their

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However, even with Garfield relieved of day-to-day management duties, the underlying problem of Henry Kaiser's authoritarian management style continued to persist. After several tense confrontations between Kaiser and Permanente Medical Group physicians, the doctors met with Kaiser's top adviser,

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A mutual benefit corporation named "Kaiser Foundation for the Advancement of Integrated Health Care" was established on December 27, 2017. The specific purpose of the corporation is "to advocate for and promote the integrated models of health care". The corporation's founder, Maryann Bodayle, has

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Having overseen Kaiser Permanente's successful transformation from Henry Kaiser's health care experiment into a large-scale self-sustaining enterprise, Keene retired in 1975. By 1976, membership reached three million. In 1977, all six of Kaiser Permanente's regions had become federally qualified

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partnership or professional corporation in its individual territory, and while none publicly reports its financial results, each is primarily funded by reimbursements from its respective regional Kaiser Foundation Health Plan entity. KFHP is one of the largest not-for-profit organizations in the

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The end of World War II brought about a huge plunge in Kaiser Permanente membership; for example, 50,000 workers had left the Northern California yards by July 1945. Membership bottomed out at 17,000 for the entire system but then surged back to 26,000 within six months as Garfield aggressively

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While it was in operation, the Kaiser program had a 100% survival rate, which is better than other transplant centers. However, patients who needed a kidney were less likely to be offered one. Northern California Kaiser performed 56 transplants in 2005, and twice that many patients died while

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In June 2013, the California Department of Managed Health Care (DMHC) levied a $ 4 million fine, the second largest in the agency's history, against Kaiser for not providing adequate mental health care to its patients. Alleged violations of California's timely access laws included failures to

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In 1951, the organization acquired its current name when Henry Kaiser unilaterally directed the trustees of the health plans, hospital foundations, and medical groups to add his name before Permanente. However, the physicians in the Permanente Medical Group were proud professionals who deeply

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became impressed with some aspects of the Kaiser operation and initiated a series of studies involving several health care organizations in England. Visits occurred and suggestions of adopting some KP policies are currently active. The management of hospital bed-occupancy by KP, by means of

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Kaiser Permanente provides care throughout eight regions in the United States. Two or three (four, in the case of California) distinct but interdependent legal entities form the Kaiser system within each region. This structure was adopted by Kaiser Permanente physicians and leaders in 1955.

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of donated blood samples from members along with their medical record and the responses to a lifestyle and health survey. As of November 2018, the Kaiser Permanente Research Bank had over 300,000 samples, with a goal of 500,000. De-identified data is shared with both Kaiser researchers and

1153:, known as the Labor Management Partnership. Going into the new millennium, competition in the managed care market increased dramatically, raising new concerns. The Southern California Permanente Medical Group saw declining rates of new members as other managed care groups flourished. 1345:). At the time that the complaint was filed, city officials said that 10 other hospitals were under investigation for similar issues. Kaiser settled the case, paying $ 5,000 in civil penalties and agreeing to spend $ 500,000 on services for the homeless. During that same period, the 1231:, finding Kaiser to be superior in several respects. Subsequently, a group of health policy academics who were experts on the NHS published a competing analysis claiming that Kaiser's costs were actually substantially higher than the NHS and for a younger and healthier population. 1451:

Kaiser has been criticized by activists and state regulators for the size of its cash reserves. As of 2015, it had $ 21.7 billion in cash reserves, which was about 1,600% the amount required by California state regulations. Its reserves had been a target of advertising by

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In 1939, the Kaiser Company began work on several huge shipbuilding contracts in Oakland, and by the end of 1941 would control four major shipyards on the West Coast. During 1940, the expansion of the American defense-industrial complex in preparation for entrance into

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Mark Schuster was named the medical school's Founding Dean and CEO in 2017. The Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine was renamed from the Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine in November 2019 in honor of late Kaiser Permanente Chairman and CEO

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in 1958. He quickly ruined what should have been a simple project, and only a last-minute intervention by Keene and Trefethen in August 1960 prevented the total disintegration of the Hawaii organization. By that year, Kaiser membership had grown to 808,000.

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During this period, a substantial amount of growth came from union members; the unions saw Kaiser Permanente care as more affordable and comprehensive than what was available at the time from private physicians under the fee-for-service system. For example,

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facilities in the remaining Kaiser Permanente regions. The hospital foundation entity is not-for-profit and relies on the Kaiser Foundation Health Plans for funding. It also provides infrastructure and facilities that benefit the for-profit medical groups.

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Garfield returned to Los Angeles for further study at County-USC with the intent of entering private practice. However, in March 1938, Consolidated Industries (a consortium led by the Kaiser Company) initiated work on a contract for the upper half of the

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basis, and an attempt to minimize the time patients spend in high-cost hospitals by carefully planning their stay. However, Kaiser has had disputes with its employees' unions; repeatedly faced civil and criminal charges for falsification of records and

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to ensure that they are able to meet their obligations; the amount varies by insurer, based on its risk factors, such as its investments, how many people it insures, and other factors; a few states also have caps on how large the reserves can be.

1160:, which serves clients in the state of Washington outside of Southwest Washington. Group Health was started in part from funds from longshoremen in Washington state, who were left out when Kaiser chose not to expand north of the Portland area. 928:

On March 1, 1942, Sidney R. Garfield & Associates opened its offices in Oakland to provide care to 20,000 workers, followed by the opening of the Permanente Health Plan on June 1. From the beginning, Kaiser Permanente strongly supported

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Unlike the workers on Garfield's first project, many workers at Grand Coulee Dam had brought dependents with them. The unions soon forced the Kaiser Company to expand its plan to cover dependents, which resulted in a dramatic shift from

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magazine had reported in 1944 that 90% of the U.S. population could not afford fee-for-service health care. Kaiser Permanente membership soared to 154,000 in 1950, 283,000 in 1952, 470,000 in 1954, 556,000 in 1956, and 618,000 in 1958.

964:. Shipyard workers paid seven cents per day for comprehensive health care coverage, and within a year, the shipyard health plan employed sixty physicians with salaries between $ 450 and $ 1,000 per month. These physicians established 925:

Richmond what he had done at Desert Center and Mason City. Unlike the two other projects, the resulting entity lived on after the construction project that gave birth to it, and it is the direct ancestor of today's Kaiser Permanente.

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and enabled Garfield to formulate some of the basic principles of Kaiser Permanente. It was also during this time that Henry Kaiser personally became acquainted with Garfield and forged a friendship which lasted until Kaiser's death.

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Each entity of Kaiser Permanente has its own management and governance structure, although all of the structures are interdependent and cooperative to a great extent. There are multiple affiliated nonprofits registered with the U.S.

1243:. This has been regarded as the largest health care worker strike in U.S. history. A new four-year contract would later be ratified by 98.5% of the 85,000 members of the Coalition of Kaiser Permanente Unions on November 9, 2023. 956:. Kaiser's first wife, Bess Fosburgh, liked the name. An abandoned Oakland facility was modernized as the 170-bed Permanente Hospital opened on August 1, 1942 (this facility evolved over the decades into today's flagship 1484:

on Christmas Day 2020. Kaiser San Leandro received the largest portion of fines, nearly $ 90k, for delays in reporting COVID infections and for failure to ration medical equipment according to pandemic regulations.

527:; faced action by regulators over the quality of care it provided, especially to patients with mental health issues; and faced criticism from activists and action from regulators over the size of its cash reserves. 1070:

and hospital foundations that would set out roles, responsibilities, and financial distribution. Trefethen, already a successful attorney, went on to a successful career with Kaiser Permanente and in retirement

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accreditation in February 2019 and received full LCME accreditation in June 2024. The school will waive all tuition for the full four years of medical school for its first five classes.

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Report on successful Kaiser Permanente initiatives including declaration by Louise Liang falsely attributing Vioxx discovery to KP HealthConnect even though it was not yet in production use in Northern

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From 1944 onward, both Kaiser Permanente and Garfield fought off numerous attacks from the AMA and various state and local medical societies. Henry Kaiser came to the defense of both Garfield and the

1373:). Upon opening the transplant center, Kaiser required that members who are transplant candidates in Northern California obtain services exclusively through its internal KP-owned transplant center. 1149:. Two years later, national membership reached nine million. In 1997, the organization established an agreement with the AFL-CIO to explore a new approach to the relationship between management and 1107:

In 1980, Kaiser acquired a nonprofit group practice to create its Mid-Atlantic region, encompassing the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia. In 1985, Kaiser Permanente expanded to Georgia.

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By 1990, Kaiser Permanente provided coverage for about a third of the population of the cities of San Francisco and Oakland; total Northern California membership was over 2.4 million.

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also issued a statement which denied much of the wrongdoing. Kaiser faces ongoing inspections by DMHC and three class-action lawsuits related to the issues identified by the DMHC.

1365:. Prior to opening the transplant center, Northern California Kaiser patients would generally receive transplants at medical centers associated with the University of California ( 560:

James A. Vohs was appointed CEO in 1978 and chairman in 1980, and he would serve until his retirement in 1992. He was the first chairman to not be a member of the Kaiser family.

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Various legal entities serve the areas of the US where Kaiser operates: California (the largest two), Colorado, Georgia, Hawaii, mid-Atlantic, Pacific Northwest, and Washington.

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to offer similar health coverage to the families of shipyard workers. In 1944, Kaiser decided to continue the program after the war and to open it up to the general public.

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governance questions, Kaiser Foundation Hospitals and Kaiser Foundation Health Plan do not have members with the power to appoint or elect board members, meaning that the

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in Charlotte and Raleigh-Durham in North Carolina four years later. The organization also sold its unprofitable Northeast division in 2000. The Ohio division was sold to

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Kaiser Foundation Health Plan and Kaiser Foundation Hospitals entities reported an operating loss of $ 1.3 billion in net income on $ 95.4 billion in operating revenues.

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integrated management in and out of hospital and monitoring progress against care pathways has given rise to trials of similar techniques in eight areas of the UK.

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Eugene Trefethen, at Kaiser's personal estate near Lake Tahoe on July 12, 1955. Trefethen came up with the idea of a contract between the medical groups and the

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are not-for-profit and provide infrastructure for and invest in Kaiser Foundation Hospitals and provide a tax-exempt shelter for the for-profit medical groups.

4689: 4333: 4313: 2838: 5369: 5018: 1834: 1480:. Kaiser appealed the citations. Kaiser was responsible for more than 10% of all COVID violations in California. A COVID-19 outbreak sickened 92 people at 1437: 1054: 975:(AMA) (which opposed managed care organizations from their very beginning) tried to defuse demand for managed care by promoting the rapid expansion of the 949: 615:

In addition, Kaiser Foundation Hospitals (despite the plural name, a single legal entity) operates medical centers in California, Oregon, and Hawaii, and

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Kaiser Permanente operates 39 hospitals and more than 700 medical offices, with over 300,000 personnel, including more than 87,000 physicians and nurses.

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failure led to major changes in the organization's approach to digital records. Under George Halvorson's direction, Kaiser looked closely at two

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at a time when jobs were scarce; he was able to secure a contract with Industrial Indemnity to care for 5,000 construction workers building the

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Kaiser Foundation Health Plans (KFHP) work with employers, employees, and individual members to offer prepaid health plans and insurance. The

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KP's quality of care has been highly rated and attributed to an emphasis on preventive care, its doctors being salaried rather than paid on a

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members, 216,776 employees, 23,597 physicians, 63,847 nurses, 39 medical centers, and 724 medical facilities. As of December 31, 2022, the

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Home page of a group scrutinizing managed care and its failures, contains links to several pages about issues involving Kaiser Permanente

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has said that Kaiser's retained profits are evidence that Kaiser policies are overpriced and that health insurance regulation is needed.

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Keene was an experienced Permanente physician whom Garfield had personally hired in 1946. During 1953 he had been trying to get a job at

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patient, dressed in hospital gown and slippers, wandering toward a mission on Skid Row (this footage was prominently featured in the

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Elsewhere, Kaiser Permanente did not do as well, and its geographic footprint changed significantly in the 1990s. The organization

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CEO George Halvorson $ 9 million annually. The workers were dissatisfied with proposed changes to pensions and other benefits.

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and several other large construction contractors had formed an insurance consortium called Industrial Indemnity to meet their

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was appointed as chairman. Tyson died in November 2019. Greg A. Adams assumed the role of chairman and CEO in December 2019.

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In addition to the regional entities, in 1997, the then-twelve Permanente Medical Groups created The Permanente Federation

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In July, the Permanente Foundation formed to operate Northern California hospitals that would be linked to the outpatient

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focusing on the major health care issues facing the nation. The Foundation, not associated with Kaiser Permanente or

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pertaining to staff safety following outbreaks of COVID in its hospitals across the state, particularly in the

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San Jose Inside - Even Before Recent Outbreak, San Jose Kaiser Faced Steep Fines for Covid Safety Violations

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On November 11, 2014, an estimated 18,000 nurses went on strike at KP hospitals in Northern California over

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everyone that he was actually in charge and Garfield was to become a lobbyist and "ambassador" for the

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safeguards and patient-care standards during union contract talks. 21 hospitals and 35 clinics in the

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In 2002, Kaiser Permanente abandoned its attempt to build its own clinical information system with

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Kaiser Permanente is administered through eight regions, including one parent and six subordinate

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supervising ten physicians at three hospitals, and controlled a financial reserve of $ 150,000.

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found that patients spend 2–5 times as much time in NHS hospitals as compared to KP hospitals.

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KTVU - San Leandro Kaiser hit with fresh fines; KP comprises 10% of California COVID citations

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settled 102 cases against U.S. hospitals that resulted in a monetary payment to the agency.

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served as the "Governance Administrator" of Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. since 2013.

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In 2004, Northern California Kaiser Permanente initiated an in-house program for kidney

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State insurance regulations require that insurers maintain certain minimum amounts of

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rather than litigating through the court system. This has triggered some opposition.

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is funded primarily by federal, state, and other outside (non-Kaiser) institutions.

806: 5214: 4338: 1240: 1200: 921: 501: 841:

The history of Kaiser Permanente dates to 1933 and a tiny hospital in the town of

3130: 1000:

In 1948, Kaiser established the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (also known as

3736: 3613:

Insurers' enormous cash surpluses prompt calls for rebates or community spending

2733: 1386: 1331: 1172: 1150: 1146: 1135: 1067: 1035: 1020:, but in 1948, it was reorganized into a partnership, Permanente Medical Group. 937: 870: 629: 604: 589: 279: 258: 48: 4446: 4379: 4228: 4050: 2682:

Feachem, Richard G.A.; Sekhri, Neelam K.; White, Karen L. (January 19, 2002).

1492: 1223:

In 2002, a controversial study by California-based academics published in the

1050: 616: 511: 477: 449: 315: 242: 167: 88: 73: 69: 3765:

with KP executives, attorneys, and clinicians, including Keene and Trefethen.

3039:"Kaiser Permanente Faulted Again For Mental Health Care Lapses In California" 2946: 2782: 2701: 2527:"Kaiser Permanente and Group Health Cooperative: Working Together Since 1950" 1016:

marketed his plan to the public. Sidney Garfield & Associates had been a

632:

entities, one hospital entity, and nine separate, affiliated medical groups:

4415: 3556:"Kaiser Nurses Holding 2-Day Strike Over Staffing Levels, Ebola Protections" 593: 300:

235,785 employees (including 73,618 nurses and 24,605 physicians as of 2023)

234: 3696:

KQED - California Fines Kaiser $ 499K for COVID-19 Worker Safety Violations

3089:. National Institute on Aging, US Department of Health & Human Services 2964: 2800: 2719: 2420: 1995:

on January 8, 1997. Delaware business entity number 2704178. The entity is

1145:

In 1995, Kaiser Permanente celebrated its fiftieth anniversary as a public

563:

David M. Lawrence served as chairman and CEO until his retirement in 2002.

3710: 3639:

Cal Matters - State fines Kaiser $ 499K for COVID worker safety violations

2043: 1907:"PERMANENTE MEDICAL GROUP INC Reviews, Ratings, and Physician Information" 1541: 3742: 3439: 2978: 2738: 1477: 1370: 933:

and attempted to educate its members about maintaining their own health.

739: 735: 682: 550: 489: 485: 481: 238: 202: 192: 172: 3723: 3612: 2816:"More than 75,000 health care workers begin strike at Kaiser Permanente" 2139:

Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II,

2573:"Kaiser Permanente and Geisinger come together to launch Risant Health" 1281: 599:

The two types of organizations which make up each regional entity are:

3768: 1239:

From October 4 to 7, 2023, more than 75,000 Kaiser Permanente workers

1171:. On June 21, 2024, it was announced that Risant Helath would acquire 745:

Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of the Mid-Atlantic States Inc. (KFHPMA)

1472:

twelve times and fined nearly $ 500,000 for violations early in the

1196: 1087: 757: 710: 473: 465: 197: 187: 4996: 3053:

Kaiser to pay $ 4 million fine over access to mental health services

1946:"Where Our Hospitalists Provide Care | Kaiser Permanente Washington" 1078:

While Keene and Trefethen struggled to fix the damage from Kaiser's

2067:

of Kaiser Foundation for the Advancement of Integrated Health Care.

1999:

with the California Secretary of State. Retrieved February 4, 2020.

569:

became the chairman and CEO until his retirement in December 2013.

39: 5129: 2628:"More details on Kaiser Permanente job cuts, 650 to come in SoCal" 2079:

A Model for National Health Care: The History of Kaiser Permanente

1417: 1341: 1123: 915:

Kaiser Field Hospital in Richmond, California. Defunct since 1995

910: 827: 805: 3158:"Kaiser Permanente To Open Medical School In Southern California" 2471:"Kaiser Permanente Is Shutting Down Its H.M.O. In The Northeast" 1083: 853:

obligations. Sidney Garfield had just finished his residency at

358:

Kaiser Permanente Center for Gun Violence Research and Education

5133: 5000: 4419: 3772: 2081:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. pp. 13–17. 1991:

The Permanente Federation LLC was formed under the laws of the

369: 3272: 2933: 2688: 2499:"Kaiser Permanente's Ohio operations to be renamed HealthSpan" 1385:

Kaiser requires an agreement by planholders to submit patient

1184: 1059: 800: 401: 3494:"Two Kaiser unions strike in Santa Rosa, Northern California" 2814:

Kekatos, Mary; Heck, Marilyn; Lash, Jolie (October 4, 2023).

1781:"Bernard J. Tyson, Chairman of Health Care Giant, Dies at 60" 1082:

and Garfield's ineffectual management, Henry Kaiser moved to

1670:"David M. Lawrence, M.D. - In First Person: An Oral History" 997:

the Kaiser Permanente health plan was opened to the public.

409: 3051:

Cynthia H. Craft for the Sacramento Bee. September 9, 2014

2387:"The Rise and Fall of a Kaiser Permanente Expansion Region" 2201:

de Kruij, Paul (1943). "Tomorrow's Health Plan -- Today!".

572:

On November 5, 2012, the board of directors announced that

433: 424: 415: 395: 3730: 3235:"Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine to open summer 2020" 2761:

Talbot-Smith, Alison; Gnani, Shamini; Pollock, Allyson M;

1187:, writing off some $ 452 million in software assets. This 778:

Washington (except Southwest Washington), 681,386 members

1835:"85,000 Kaiser Permanente Health Workers Threaten Strike" 1175:, a hospital system based in Greensboro, North Carolina. 1086:

in 1956 and insisted on expanding Kaiser Permanente into

832:

Kaiser Sunset Hospital complex in Los Angeles, California

3628:

California drops hammer on Blue Shield tax-exempt status

773:

Northwest Permanente, P.C. Physicians and Surgeons (NWP)

3749: 3532:. thepresstribune.com. January 31, 2012. Archived from 3315:

Los Angeles goes after patient-dumping for a third time

3183:"Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine" 767:

Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of the Northwest (KFHPNW)

702:

Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Georgia, Inc. (KFHPGA)

3737:

Search all Kaiser hospitals in the CA Healthcare Atlas

18:

Kaiser Permanente Medical Center (Hayward, California)

1470:

California Division of Occupational Safety and Health

1295:

Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine

1289:

Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine

1163:

On April 26, 2023, Kaiser announced it would acquire

810:

One of Kaiser's six other office buildings in Oakland

510:

Each Permanente Medical Group operates as a separate

427: 421: 398: 392: 3758:

Transcripts of oral history interviews conducted by

3611:

Michael Booth for The Denver Post. March 13, 2011.

3443:. Associated Press. October 22, 2006. Archived from 705:

The Southeast Permanente Medical Group, Inc. (TSPMG)

677:

Southern California Permanente Medical Group (SCPMG)

430: 406: 5301: 5275: 5239: 5167: 5106: 5085: 5034: 4928: 4882: 4821: 4750: 4552: 4456: 4362: 4301: 4242: 4152: 4121: 4027: 3986: 3880: 3834: 3827: 3806: 3265:"Kaiser Faces Charges for Dumping Homeless Patient" 748:

Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, P.C. (MAPMG)

418: 412: 389: 365: 314: 304: 294: 286: 265: 248: 230: 216: 158: 148: 133: 112: 94: 84: 65: 3313:Bob Herman for Modern Healthcare. August 28, 2014 2011:"A New Moment in the History of Kaiser Permanente" 688:Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Colorado (KFHPCO) 456:, United States, founded in 1945 by industrialist 4971:Riverside University Health System Medical Center 4499:Riverside University Health System Medical Center 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 2166: 2164: 372: 3733:, which represents the Permanente Medical Groups 2927:Feachem RG, Sekhri NK, White KL (January 2002). 2445:"Kaiser Is Facing Threat of a Shutdown in Texas" 1604:"Kaiser Permanente Health Insurance Review 2022" 1584:. J. C. Lewis Insurance Services. March 31, 2022 3574:"Kaiser healthcare workers ratify new contract" 3376:Ornstein, Charles; Weber, Tracy (May 3, 2006). 1582:"A Brief Overview of Kaiser Permanente in 2022" 588:As of 2022, Kaiser Permanente had 12.6 million 555:board itself nominates and appoints new members 3626:Tracy Seipel for Mercury News. March 19, 2015 3622: 3620: 3350:"Trend: 'Dumping' Homeless on L.A.'s Skid Row" 2211:(253). The Reader's Digest Association: 61–64. 1326:In 2006 Kaiser settled five cases for alleged 691:Colorado Permanente Medical Group, P.C. (CPMG) 154:40 hospitals and 618 medical facilities (2022) 5410:Privately held companies of the United States 5145: 5012: 4793:Providence Queen of the Valley Medical Center 4610:John Muir Medical Center, Walnut Creek Campus 4431: 3784: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1004:), a U.S.-based nonprofit, private operating 8: 5405:Non-profit organizations based in California 3750:Health Administration Responsibility Project 2042:. Kaiser Permanente Ventures. Archived from 2020:. Vol. 1, no. 2. Kaiser Permanente 1280:Kaiser has created and operates a voluntary 722:Hawaii Permanente Medical Group, Inc. (HPMG) 352:The Southeast Permanente Medical Group, Inc. 343:Southern California Permanente Medical Group 32: 3263:Jaffe, Melissa; Block (November 16, 2006). 2908:. California Office of the Patient Advocate 2238: 2236: 1728:"Kaiser promotes Tyson to be CEO, chairman" 1438:Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights 781:Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington 5152: 5138: 5130: 5019: 5005: 4997: 4438: 4424: 4416: 4239: 3831: 3791: 3777: 3769: 3435:"Agency ignored organ transplant problems" 3032: 3030: 3028: 2906:"HMO Quality Ratings Summary 2013 Edition" 2677: 2675: 1308:. The medical school received preliminary 716:Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. (KFHP) 671:Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. (KFHP) 654:Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. (KFHP) 635: 38: 31: 5335:Health care companies based in California 3156:KQED, Lisa Aliferis (December 17, 2015). 2954: 2790: 2709: 2410: 2244:"More About the Kaiser Family Foundation" 660:The Permanente Medical Group, Inc. (TPMG) 5395:Healthcare in the San Francisco Bay Area 4895:UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland 4635:Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center 2553:"Kaiser Permanente to Acquire Geisinger" 2141:pp. 176-91, Random House, New York, NY. 1264:with the union representing therapists. 27:American integrated managed care company 3468:"Kaiser fires back in arbitration suit" 2771:The British Journal of General Practice 2385:Gitternman, Daniel P. (December 2003). 1699:"Kaiser CEO George Halvorson to retire" 1526: 1347:Department of Health and Human Services 5415:American companies established in 1945 5400:Companies based in Oakland, California 5355:Hospital networks in the United States 3407:Colliver, Victoria (August 10, 2006). 3327:"Archives — Patient Dumping 2002-2007" 3296: 3285: 3258: 3256: 3087:"Kaiser Permanente (KP) Research Bank" 2654:"Kaiser KP HealthConnect rollout done" 2196: 2194: 1973:. Kaiser Permanente. November 22, 2013 1885:"Kaiser Permanente 2022 Annual Report" 5345:Health insurance in the United States 4680:Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center 2860:Delouya, Samantha (October 4, 2023). 2009:Crosson, MD, Francis J. (Fall 1997). 1285:researchers from other institutions. 971:Meanwhile, during the war years, the 855:Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center 784:Washington Permanente Medical Group ( 7: 4941:Children's Hospital of Orange County 4900:Loma Linda University Medical Center 4808:Sierra Vista Regional Medical Center 4722:Scripps Memorial Hospital – La Jolla 4685:Providence Holy Cross Medical Center 4615:Kaiser Permanente - South Sacramento 4595:Henry Mayo Newhall Memorial Hospital 4484:Loma Linda University Medical Center 4219:Oakland – Jack London Square station 3674:from the original on April 19, 2023. 3378:"Kaiser Put Kidney Patients at Risk" 2886:. Associated Press. November 9, 2023 2767:"Questioning the claims from Kaiser" 2734:"NHS 'worse value than US provider'" 2497:Magaw, Timothy (September 4, 2013). 2469:Freudenheim, David (June 19, 1999). 1971:"Fast Facts about Kaiser Permanente" 5175:California Shipbuilding Corporation 5057:Kaiser San Francisco Medical Center 4695:Regional Medical Center of San Jose 4670:Orange County Global Medical Center 3502:. pressdemocrat.com. Archived from 3466:Rauber, Chris (February 20, 1998). 2652:Monegain, Bernie (March 29, 2010). 1548:from the original on April 16, 2019 944:, which flowed past Henry Kaiser's 504:organization in the United States. 310:Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. 5370:Healthcare in Georgia (U.S. state) 4961:Northridge Hospital Medical Center 4956:Los Angeles General Medical Center 4951:Long Beach Memorial Medical Center 4905:Lucile Packard Children's Hospital 4665:Northridge Hospital Medical Center 4630:Long Beach Memorial Medical Center 4570:California Hospital Medical Center 4529:Stanford University Medical Center 4489:Los Angeles General Medical Center 3348:Marquez, Miguel (March 24, 2006). 2837:Forter, Jackie (October 7, 2023). 2598:Johnson, Lillian (June 21, 2024). 1726:Terhune, Chad (November 6, 2012). 355:Kaiser Permanente of Georgia, Inc. 334:The Permanente Medical Group, Inc. 222:Greg A. Adams (Chairman & CEO) 25: 5420:1945 establishments in California 4981:Santa Clara Valley Medical Center 4834:El Centro Regional Medical Center 4565:Arrowhead Regional Medical Center 4519:Santa Clara Valley Medical Center 4504:Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center 4469:Community Regional Medical Center 3329:. HHS Office of Inspector General 3037:Gold, Jenny (February 25, 2015). 2626:Rauber, Chris (August 12, 2009). 1928:"THE KING OF THE H.M.O. MOUNTAIN" 770:Kaiser Foundation Hospitals (KFH) 719:Kaiser Foundation Hospitals (KFH) 674:Kaiser Foundation Hospitals (KFH) 657:Kaiser Foundation Hospitals (KFH) 5385:Healthcare in Washington (state) 5350:Health maintenance organizations 4839:Adventist Health Howard Memorial 4813:St. Elizabeth Community Hospital 4398: 4397: 4160:San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge 3756:Kaiser Permanente Oral Histories 3743:Nightly News with Brian Williams 3709: 3492:Hay, Jeremy (January 31, 2012). 3065:"About the Division of Research" 2551:Abelson, Reed (April 26, 2023). 2403:10.1046/j.0887-378X.2003.00295.x 1495: 1102:health maintenance organizations 385: 274: 273: 253: 252: 47: 5220:Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation 5072:Kaiser Vacaville Medical Center 5067:Kaiser Sunnyside Medical Center 4910:UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital 4890:Children's Hospital Los Angeles 4788:Mercy Medical Center Mt. Shasta 4737:Sutter Roseville Medical Center 4253:12th Street Oakland City Center 3135:Kaiser Permanente Research Bank 3006:Nicol, Jake (August 13, 2014). 2777:(503): 415–21, discussion 422. 1833:Japsen, Bruce (June 12, 2019). 1697:Finz, Stacy (October 4, 2012). 1542:"Kaiser Permanente At a Glance" 1407:Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine 1351:Office of the Inspector General 1227:compared Kaiser to the British 1211:Early in the 21st century, the 980:preferred provider organization 224: 5093:Kaiser Richmond Field Hospital 5077:Kaiser Westside Medical Center 5062:Kaiser San Jose Medical Center 5052:Kaiser Richmond Medical Center 4976:Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital 4803:Shasta Regional Medical Center 4773:Marian Regional Medical Center 4575:Desert Regional Medical Center 4514:Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital 4509:San Francisco General Hospital 4177:Posey and Webster Street Tubes 4108:2012 Oikos University shooting 3959:The College Preparatory School 3842:California College of the Arts 2987:. Economist.com. July 15, 2004 2443:Olmos, David (April 3, 1997). 1482:Kaiser San Jose Medical Center 1436:Jamie Court, president of the 946:Kaiser Permanente Cement Plant 340:Buenaventura Medical Group Inc 328:The Permanente Federation, LLC 1: 5047:Kaiser Oakland Medical Center 5042:Kaiser Fontana Medical Center 4869:Adventist Health Ukiah Valley 4742:Ventura County Medical Center 4650:Mercy San Juan Medical Center 4620:Kaiser Permanente - Vacaville 4224:Oakland International Airport 3937:American Indian Model Schools 3900:Coliseum College Prep Academy 3592:"Kaiser reports income boost" 3409:"Record Kaiser fine expected" 2742:. BBC.co.uk. January 17, 2002 1632:Kaiser Foundation Health Plan 1456:supporting Proposition 45 in 966:California Physicians Service 958:Kaiser Oakland Medical Center 4854:Ridgecrest Regional Hospital 4844:Mad River Community Hospital 4829:Banner Lassen Medical Center 4798:Providence St. Joseph Eureka 4707:Santa Rosa Memorial Hospital 4702:San Joaquin General Hospital 4645:Mercy Medical Center Redding 4605:Inland Valley Medical Center 4585:Eden Hospital Medical Center 4494:Riverside Community Hospital 4081:Shootings of police officers 3763:Regional Oral History Office 3472:San Francisco Business Times 3131:"Frequently Asked Questions" 2632:San Francisco Business Times 1428:that addressed the demands. 973:American Medical Association 5340:Kaiser Permanente hospitals 5262:Kaiser Engineering Building 5247:Henry J. Kaiser High School 4966:Providence Mission Hospital 4936:Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 4768:Kaweah Delta Medical Center 4732:Sutter Delta Medical Center 4690:Providence Mission Hospital 4544:UC San Diego Medical Center 4464:Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 4066:1989 Loma Prieta earthquake 3969:Oakland School for the Arts 2065:"Articles of Incorporation" 1628:Kaiser Foundation Hospitals 1458:California's 2014 elections 349:Kaiser Foundation Hospitals 5441: 5309:Eagle Mountain, California 4986:Valley Children's Hospital 4946:Harbor–UCLA Medical Center 4849:Pioneers Memorial Hospital 4712:St. Francis Medical Center 4474:Harbor–UCLA Medical Center 3526:"Kaiser workers on strike" 3187:about.kaiserpermanente.org 2531:about.kaiserpermanente.org 2504:Crain's Cleveland Business 2294:Hendricks, 96-101, 142-150 2077:Hendricks, Rickey (1993). 1813:about.kaiserpermanente.org 1292: 977:Blue Cross and Blue Shield 5390:Healthcare in Los Angeles 4393: 4113:Ghost Ship warehouse fire 3974:St. Elizabeth High School 3954:Bishop O'Dowd High School 3867:Samuel Merritt University 3731:The Permanente Federation 3008:"A Flawed Model for Care" 1300:care, and health equity. 1156:In 2017, Kaiser acquired 843:Desert Center, California 46: 37: 5360:Healthcare in California 5293:Henry Kaiser (musician) 5257:Kaiser Convention Center 5195:Kaiser Family Foundation 4915:Rady Children's Hospital 4874:Fairchild Medical Center 4859:Sutter Lakeside Hospital 4763:Barton Memorial Hospital 4758:Adventist Health+Rideout 4560:Antelope Valley Hospital 4534:UC Irvine Medical Center 4091:Your Black Muslim Bakery 4041:Oakland Railroad Company 2947:10.1136/bmj.324.7330.135 2702:10.1136/bmj.324.7330.135 1511:Kaiser Family Foundation 1468:Kaiser was cited by the 1357:Organ transplant program 1207:International reputation 1158:Group Health Cooperative 1140:Catholic Health Partners 1002:Kaiser Family Foundation 786:Group Health Cooperative 547:Internal Revenue Service 531:Structure and governance 346:1800 Harrison Foundation 290:12.5 million (2022) 5180:Eagle Mountain Railroad 4920:UC Davis Medical Center 4783:Marshall Medical Center 4727:Sharp Memorial Hospital 4717:St. Mary Medical Center 4660:NorthBay Medical Center 4640:Memorial Medical Center 4539:UC Davis Medical Center 4260:(Uptown Transit Center) 4234:Eastmont Transit Center 4214:International Boulevard 3530:Roseville Press-Tribune 3413:San Francisco Chronicle 2979:"The health of nations" 2689:British Medical Journal 1950:wa.kaiserpermanente.org 1704:San Francisco Chronicle 1516:Kaiser Permanente Arena 1272:Research and publishing 1254:National Health Service 1229:National Health Service 1225:British Medical Journal 1217:UK Department of Health 1165:Geisinger Health System 1073:became a famous vintner 875:Ross-Loos Medical Group 859:Colorado River Aqueduct 447:integrated managed care 324:Geisinger Health System 5365:Healthcare in Colorado 4778:Marin General Hospital 4675:Palomar Medical Center 4580:Doctors Medical Center 4524:Scripps Mercy Hospital 4375:San Francisco Bay Area 4334:Mountain View Cemetery 4197:Cypress Street Viaduct 3925:Oakland Technical High 3012:www.eastbayexpress.com 2660:. healthcareitnews.com 2605:Triad Business Journal 1422:San Francisco Bay Area 1189:information technology 1122:or closed outposts in 916: 833: 811: 100:; 79 years ago 4864:Sutter Coast Hospital 3269:All Things Considered 2507:. crainscleveland.com 1755:"Diversity Executive" 1544:. Kaiser Permanente. 1381:Mandatory arbitration 962:Vancouver, Washington 954:Cupertino, California 914: 851:workers' compensation 831: 809: 500:, and is the largest 331:St Dominic's Hospital 5380:Healthcare in Oregon 5375:Healthcare in Hawaii 5098:Bess Kaiser Hospital 4590:Enloe Medical Center 4309:Designated Landmarks 4076:Oscar Grant shooting 3718:at Wikimedia Commons 3670:. January 14, 2021. 3562:. November 11, 2014. 3207:Permanente, Kaiser. 1864:Kaiserpermanente.org 668:, 3,499,035 members 651:, 3,351,449 members 498:District of Columbia 370:kaiserpermanente.org 178:District of Columbia 5190:Kaiser Broadcasting 4625:Kern Medical Center 4600:Huntington Hospital 4329:Children's Hospital 4258:19th Street Oakland 4061:Black Panther Party 3800:Oakland, California 3536:on November 6, 2014 3506:on February 1, 2014 3447:on February 2, 2014 3388:on October 24, 2007 3241:. February 19, 2019 3239:Permanente Medicine 3137:. Kaiser Permanente 3111:. Kaiser Permanente 3067:. Kaiser Permanente 2763:Pereira Gray, Denis 2433:Hendricks, 209, 215 2046:on January 29, 2014 1887:. Kaiser Permanente 1789:. November 11, 2019 1403:Doctors of Medicine 1018:sole proprietorship 931:preventive medicine 896:industrial medicine 764:), 480,386 members 742:), 581,000 members 666:Southern California 649:Northern California 454:Oakland, California 296:Number of employees 150:Number of locations 142:Oakland, California 34: 5314:Hawaii Kai, Hawaii 5267:Richmond Shipyards 4929:Pediatric Level II 4655:Natividad Hospital 4056:Naval Supply Depot 3852:Lincoln University 3739:A project by OSHPD 3499:The Press Democrat 3295:Unknown parameter 3213:www.prnewswire.com 3162:Kaiser Health News 2658:Healthcare IT News 2558:The New York Times 2476:The New York Times 2357:Hendricks, 199-203 2348:Hendricks, 189-190 2339:Hendricks, 174-180 2330:Hendricks, 165-167 2312:Hendricks, 123-124 2018:Permanente Journal 1932:The New York Times 1786:The New York Times 1111:Regional evolution 1055:Mark Hopkins Hotel 917: 834: 812: 713:, 226,900 members 699:, 222,074 members 685:, 531,908 members 125:Sidney R. Garfield 98:July 21, 1945 53:Headquarters (the 5322: 5321: 5230:Permanente Quarry 5225:Permanente Metals 5205:Kaiser Permanente 5127: 5126: 5086:Former facilities 5028:Kaiser Permanente 4994: 4993: 4883:Pediatric Level I 4479:Highland Hospital 4413: 4412: 4324:Tallest buildings 4297: 4296: 4129:Oakland Athletics 4071:Firestorm of 1991 4046:Oakland Army Base 4014:Police Department 3982: 3981: 3964:Head-Royce School 3872:Patten University 3819:List of companies 3716:Kaiser Permanente 3714:Media related to 3667:Los Angeles Times 3594:. August 4, 2007. 3382:Los Angeles Times 3109:"For Researchers" 2577:www.geisinger.org 2449:Los Angeles Times 2391:Milbank Quarterly 2147:978-1-4000-6964-4 1993:State of Delaware 1733:Los Angeles Times 1649:content.cdlib.org 1474:COVID-19 pandemic 1454:Consumer Watchdog 1339:2007 documentary 1010:Kaiser Industries 796: 795: 624:Regional entities 445:) is an American 381:Kaiser Permanente 378: 377: 225:see section below 33:Kaiser Permanente 16:(Redirected from 5432: 5288:Edgar Kaiser Sr. 5283:Edgar Kaiser Jr. 5210:Kaiser Shipyards 5154: 5147: 5140: 5131: 5021: 5014: 5007: 4998: 4440: 4433: 4426: 4417: 4401: 4400: 4240: 4170:Caldecott Tunnel 4139:Oakland Roots SC 3832: 3793: 3786: 3779: 3770: 3727: 3726: 3724:Official website 3713: 3698: 3693: 3687: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3658: 3652: 3647: 3641: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3615: 3609: 3596: 3595: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3489: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3463: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3384:. Archived from 3373: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3345: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3298: 3293: 3291: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3260: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3179: 3173: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3127: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3042: 3034: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2975: 2969: 2968: 2958: 2941:(7330): 135–41. 2924: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2794: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2713: 2696:(330): 135–143. 2679: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2595: 2589: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2579:. April 26, 2023 2569: 2563: 2562: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2523: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2466: 2460: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2440: 2434: 2431: 2425: 2424: 2414: 2382: 2376: 2373: 2367: 2364: 2358: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2340: 2337: 2331: 2328: 2322: 2319: 2313: 2310: 2304: 2301: 2295: 2292: 2286: 2285:Hendricks, 66-75 2283: 2277: 2274: 2268: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2240: 2231: 2228: 2222: 2221:Hendricks, 49-50 2219: 2213: 2212: 2198: 2189: 2186: 2180: 2177: 2171: 2168: 2159: 2158:Hendricks, 40-47 2156: 2150: 2137:Herman, Arthur. 2135: 2129: 2128:Hendricks, 36-38 2126: 2120: 2119:Hendricks, 28-35 2117: 2111: 2108: 2102: 2101:Hendricks, 26-27 2099: 2093: 2092: 2074: 2068: 2062: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2015: 2006: 2000: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1967: 1961: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1942: 1936: 1935: 1934:. July 31, 1983. 1924: 1918: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1903: 1897: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1881: 1875: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1856: 1850: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1805: 1799: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1777: 1771: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1757:. Archived from 1751: 1745: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1723: 1717: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1694: 1688: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1674: 1666: 1660: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1641: 1635: 1625: 1619: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1600: 1594: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1578: 1572: 1571: 1564: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1538: 1505: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1367:UC San Francisco 1306:Bernard J. Tyson 1193:medical software 1179:KP HealthConnect 1095:Managed care era 1038:he had created. 942:Permanente Creek 887:Grand Coulee Dam 845:. At that time, 732:Washington, D.C. 636: 578:African American 574:Bernard J. Tyson 567:George Halvorson 440: 439: 436: 435: 432: 429: 426: 423: 420: 417: 414: 411: 408: 404: 403: 400: 397: 394: 391: 277: 276: 268:Operating income 257:$ 100.8 billion 256: 255: 108: 106: 101: 59:downtown Oakland 51: 42: 35: 21: 5440: 5439: 5435: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5430: 5429: 5425:Henry J. Kaiser 5325: 5324: 5323: 5318: 5297: 5271: 5235: 5232:(Kaiser Cement) 5185:Kaiser Aluminum 5163: 5161:Henry J. Kaiser 5158: 5128: 5123: 5119:Henry J. Kaiser 5114:Sidney Garfield 5102: 5081: 5030: 5025: 4995: 4990: 4924: 4878: 4817: 4751:Adult Level III 4746: 4548: 4452: 4444: 4414: 4409: 4389: 4358: 4293: 4238: 4148: 4144:Oakland Spiders 4134:Oakland Ballers 4117: 4102:Oakland Tribune 4029: 4023: 4019:Port of Oakland 4009:Fire Department 3978: 3910:McClymonds High 3895:Castlemont High 3882: 3876: 3857:Merritt College 3823: 3814:Oakland Seaport 3802: 3797: 3722: 3721: 3706: 3701: 3694: 3690: 3683: 3679: 3660: 3659: 3655: 3648: 3644: 3637: 3633: 3625: 3618: 3610: 3599: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3554: 3553: 3549: 3539: 3537: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3509: 3507: 3491: 3490: 3486: 3476: 3474: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3450: 3448: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3391: 3389: 3375: 3374: 3370: 3360: 3358: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3332: 3330: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3312: 3308: 3294: 3284: 3277: 3275: 3262: 3261: 3254: 3244: 3242: 3233: 3232: 3228: 3218: 3216: 3215:(Press release) 3206: 3205: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3181: 3180: 3176: 3166: 3164: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3140: 3138: 3129: 3128: 3124: 3114: 3112: 3107: 3106: 3102: 3092: 3090: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3070: 3068: 3063: 3062: 3058: 3050: 3046: 3036: 3035: 3026: 3016: 3014: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2990: 2988: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2911: 2909: 2904: 2903: 2899: 2889: 2887: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2867: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2821: 2819: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2745: 2743: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2681: 2680: 2673: 2663: 2661: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2636: 2634: 2625: 2624: 2620: 2610: 2608: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2582: 2580: 2571: 2570: 2566: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2535: 2533: 2525: 2524: 2520: 2510: 2508: 2496: 2495: 2491: 2481: 2479: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2453: 2451: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2432: 2428: 2384: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2320: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2271: 2266: 2262: 2252: 2250: 2242: 2241: 2234: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2216: 2204:Reader's Digest 2200: 2199: 2192: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2162: 2157: 2153: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2096: 2089: 2076: 2075: 2071: 2063: 2059: 2049: 2047: 2038: 2037: 2033: 2023: 2021: 2013: 2008: 2007: 2003: 1990: 1986: 1976: 1974: 1969: 1968: 1964: 1954: 1952: 1944: 1943: 1939: 1926: 1925: 1921: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1900: 1890: 1888: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1868: 1866: 1858: 1857: 1853: 1843: 1841: 1832: 1831: 1827: 1817: 1815: 1809:"Greg A. Adams" 1807: 1806: 1802: 1792: 1790: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1764: 1762: 1761:on June 9, 2014 1753: 1752: 1748: 1738: 1736: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1710: 1708: 1696: 1695: 1691: 1681: 1679: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1653: 1651: 1643: 1642: 1638: 1626: 1622: 1612: 1610: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1587: 1585: 1580: 1579: 1575: 1566: 1565: 1561: 1551: 1549: 1540: 1539: 1528: 1524: 1503:Medicine portal 1501: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1466: 1434: 1424:were affected. 1399: 1383: 1363:transplantation 1359: 1328:patient dumping 1324: 1322:Patient dumping 1319: 1297: 1291: 1274: 1249: 1247:Quality of care 1237: 1209: 1181: 1113: 1097: 1080:micromanagement 994: 986:Courage to Heal 909: 900:family practice 873:except for the 847:Henry J. Kaiser 839: 826: 817: 815:Lobbying entity 797: 641: 626: 586: 549:. According to 542: 533: 525:patient dumping 520:fee-for-service 515:United States. 462:Sidney Garfield 458:Henry J. Kaiser 405: 388: 384: 361: 297: 270: 223: 219: 212: 161: 151: 140: 138:Ordway Building 129: 120:Henry J. Kaiser 104: 102: 99: 61: 55:Ordway Building 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5438: 5436: 5428: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5327: 5326: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5316: 5311: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5279: 5277: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5243: 5241: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5233: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5171: 5169: 5165: 5164: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5149: 5142: 5134: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5121: 5116: 5110: 5108: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5100: 5095: 5089: 5087: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5038: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5026: 5024: 5023: 5016: 5009: 5001: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4932: 4930: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4886: 4884: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4825: 4823: 4822:Adult Level IV 4819: 4818: 4816: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4698: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4556: 4554: 4553:Adult Level II 4550: 4549: 4547: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4460: 4458: 4454: 4453: 4450:trauma centers 4445: 4443: 4442: 4435: 4428: 4420: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4407: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4370:Alameda County 4366: 4364: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4344:Temescal Creek 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4319:Notable people 4316: 4311: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4298: 4295: 4294: 4292: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4255: 4249: 4247: 4237: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4209:Warren Freeway 4206: 4204:Interstate 980 4201: 4200: 4199: 4192:Interstate 880 4189: 4187:Interstate 580 4184: 4182:MacArthur Maze 4179: 4174: 4173: 4172: 4162: 4156: 4154: 4153:Transportation 4150: 4149: 4147: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4098: 4096:Occupy Oakland 4093: 4088: 4086:Riders scandal 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4037: 4035: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3983: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3945: 3944: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3886: 3884: 3878: 3877: 3875: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3838: 3836: 3829: 3825: 3824: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3810: 3808: 3804: 3803: 3798: 3796: 3795: 3788: 3781: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3753: 3747: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3719: 3705: 3704:External links 3702: 3700: 3699: 3688: 3677: 3653: 3642: 3631: 3616: 3597: 3583: 3565: 3547: 3517: 3484: 3458: 3426: 3399: 3368: 3340: 3318: 3306: 3252: 3226: 3199: 3174: 3148: 3122: 3100: 3078: 3056: 3044: 3024: 2998: 2970: 2919: 2897: 2875: 2852: 2829: 2806: 2753: 2725: 2671: 2644: 2618: 2590: 2564: 2543: 2518: 2489: 2461: 2435: 2426: 2397:(4): 567–601. 2377: 2375:Hendricks, 205 2368: 2366:Hendricks, 209 2359: 2350: 2341: 2332: 2323: 2321:Hendricks, 133 2314: 2305: 2303:Hendricks, 111 2296: 2287: 2278: 2276:Hendricks, 185 2269: 2260: 2232: 2223: 2214: 2190: 2181: 2172: 2160: 2151: 2130: 2121: 2112: 2103: 2094: 2088:978-0813519296 2087: 2069: 2057: 2031: 2001: 1984: 1962: 1937: 1919: 1898: 1876: 1851: 1825: 1800: 1772: 1746: 1718: 1689: 1661: 1636: 1620: 1595: 1573: 1559: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1518: 1513: 1507: 1506: 1490: 1487: 1465: 1462: 1433: 1430: 1398: 1395: 1382: 1379: 1358: 1355: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1293:Main article: 1290: 1287: 1273: 1270: 1248: 1245: 1241:went on strike 1236: 1233: 1208: 1205: 1180: 1177: 1128:North Carolina 1112: 1109: 1096: 1093: 993: 992:Postwar growth 990: 950:Black Mountain 908: 905: 838: 835: 825: 822: 816: 813: 794: 793: 792: 791: 790: 789: 782: 776: 775: 774: 771: 768: 760:and Southwest 751: 750: 749: 746: 725: 724: 723: 720: 717: 708: 707: 706: 703: 694: 693: 692: 689: 680: 679: 678: 675: 672: 663: 662: 661: 658: 655: 643: 642: 639: 634: 625: 622: 613: 612: 608: 585: 582: 541: 538: 532: 529: 460:and physician 376: 375: 367: 363: 362: 360: 359: 356: 353: 350: 347: 344: 341: 338: 335: 332: 329: 326: 320: 318: 312: 311: 308: 302: 301: 298: 295: 292: 291: 288: 284: 283: 278:$ 329 million 271: 266: 263: 262: 250: 246: 245: 232: 228: 227: 220: 217: 214: 213: 211: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 164: 162: 159: 156: 155: 152: 149: 146: 145: 135: 131: 130: 128: 127: 122: 116: 114: 110: 109: 96: 92: 91: 86: 82: 81: 78:not-for-profit 67: 63: 62: 52: 44: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5437: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5274: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5252:Kaiser Center 5250: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5238: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5200:Kaiser Motors 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5168:Organizations 5166: 5162: 5155: 5150: 5148: 5143: 5141: 5136: 5135: 5132: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5111: 5109: 5105: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5084: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5022: 5017: 5015: 5010: 5008: 5003: 5002: 4999: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4881: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4820: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4749: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4699: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4555: 4551: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4457:Adult Level I 4455: 4451: 4448: 4441: 4436: 4434: 4429: 4427: 4422: 4421: 4418: 4406: 4405: 4396: 4395: 4392: 4386: 4385:United States 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4314:Neighborhoods 4312: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4300: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4241: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4198: 4195: 4194: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4103: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4026: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 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