960:, which rectified retroactively the 1898 Treaty of Paris. Under the 1900 Treaty of Washington, "all islands belonging to the Philippine Archipelago, lying outside the lines described in Article III" were also ceded to the United States as part of the territory of the Philippines, where Scarborough Shoal, the Kalayaan or Spratly Islands, and the rest of Tawi-tawi was included. From 1899 to 1902, the United States war department in the territory of the Philippines republished and reissued four times the 1875 Carita General del Archipelago Filipino with the addition of military telegraph lines, military cable lines, eastern cable company lines, and military department boundaries. The official map of the entire Philippine territory under Spanish rule was effectively adopted as the entire Philippine territory under American rule. During the 1928 Islas Palmas international case, the United States, as representative of the territory of the Philippines, reiterated in a court memorandum that the 1875 Carta General del Archipielago Filipino "is both an American official and a Spanish official map" of Philippine territory, bounding the United States on its recognition of the Scarborough Shoal and the Kalayaan or Spratly Islands as Philippine territory.
117:
187:
5172:
1787:), on Thitu Island (Pag-asa) in 2005 making normal GSM-based cellphone communication with the island possible. The first call on the system took place on June 12 at 5:18 PM between the mayor of the municipality at the time and a Smart Telecom executive. The company completed a maintenance visit to the cell site in 2011, thus ensuring continued operation of the facility. However, the cell site was inactive since 2015. On August 30, 2020, Smart Telecommunications repaired and upgraded its cell site for 4G/LTE services in Thitu Island (Pag-asa).
4135:
36:
227:
1047:
1848:
260:
161:
4095:
5352:
3879:
136:
4142:
5277:
1900:
5227:
1006:
north-eastward to the intersection of parallel of 12º00' N with the meridian of longitude 114º30' E, thence, due East along the parallel of 12º00' N to its intersection with the meridian of 118º00' E, thence, due South along the meridian of longitude 118º00' E to its intersection with the parallel of 10º00' N, thence
Southwestwards to the point of beginning at 7º40' N, latitude and 116º00' E longitude.
5382:
146:
5147:
1886:
3795:
3814:
3787:
3768:
1625:
267:
234:
194:
972:
Freedomland". Four days later, Cloma issued and posted copies of his "Notice to the Whole World" on each of the islands as "a decisive manifestation of unwavering claim over the territory". On May 31, 1956, Cloma declared the establishment of the Free
Territory of Freedomland, ten days after sending his second representation to the
1033:
presently occupies seven reefs. The
Republic of China (Taiwan)'s solitary island is the largest in the archipelago at approximately 43 hectares (0.43 km). Vietnam occupies 21 islets and reefs. Malaysia claims 7 reefs including Layang Layang which currently hosts a naval base and a diving resort.
963:
Under the
Commonwealth of the Philippines, the 1935 Constitution was adopted, reiterating the national territory of the Philippines, which included Scarborough Shoal and the Kalayaan or Spratly Islands. After regaining independence in 1946, the Philippines again asserted its claims to the Spratly
1822:
switched on its P33 million
Kalayaan Diesel Power Plant project that covered the supply, delivery and installation of the 300 kilowatt diesel generating sets, a 13.8-kilovolt (kV) distribution line and fuel oil storage tanks, providing round-the-clock power to the facilities on the Thitu Island.
1018:, was enacted into law. It gave additional weight to the Philippines' sovereignty over the Kalayaan Island Group under Section 2, sub-paragraph A which described the territory as a "Regime of Islands"—a concept defined in the United Nation Convention on Law of the Sea for similar bodies of land.
1738:
Kalayaan municipality has an airstrip, a naval port, a five-bed lying-in clinic, an evacuation center, a municipal covered court, a police station, a coast guard station, a marine research station, and a small integrated elementary and high school. Formerly an exclusively military installation,
1005:
From a point at latitude 7º40' North and longitude 116º00' East of
Greenwich, thence due West along the parallel of 7º40' N to its intersection with the meridian of longitude 112º10' E, thence due north along the meridian of 112º10' E to its intersection with the parallel of 9º00' N, thence
971:
In 1947, Tomás Cloma stumbled upon the
Kalayaan islands, which were uninhabited at the time. On May 11, 1956, together with forty men, Cloma took formal possession of the islands, lying some 380 miles (610 km) west of the southern end of Palawan and named them the "Free Territory of
1021:
In 2012, the government began its legal battle against China in international court. The court proceedings occurred from 2013 to 2016. In 2016, the dash-line utilized by both the
Republic of China (Taiwan) and People's Republic of China (PRC) was declared as invalid by the
956:. The 1898 Treaty of Paris created a treaty line, where Scarborough Shoal, the Kalayaan or Spratly Islands, and parts of Tawi-tawi continued to be under Spanish sovereignty. This led to talks between Spain and the United States, which ended upon the signing of the
1767:
led the inauguration of a beaching ramp on Thitu Island (Pag-asa) which was finally completed after three years. The facility enabled to bring in more materials and equipment to repair and maintain the airstrip and building of other facilities. Also,
976:, informing the latter that the territory claimed was named "Freedomland". On July 6, 1956, Cloma declared his claim to the whole world and the establishment of a separate government for the "Free Territory of Freedomland" with its capital on
3523:
1729:
In the 2020 census, the population of
Kalayaan was 193 people, with a density of 0.67 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1.7 inhabitants per square mile. The civilian population, which includes children, was introduced in 2001.
992:
and intercepted Cloma's men and vessels found within its immediate waters on
September 24, 1956. In 1974, Cloma ceded his rights over the islands to the government of the Philippines for one peso, after being imprisoned.
3304:
996:
In 1978, the Municipality of Kalayaan was created through PD No. 1596 taking effect on June 11, 1978. This established what the document described as "a distinct and separate municipality of the Province of Palawan".
4084:
3370:
3553:
3021:
964:
islands. The Americans at the time discouraged the Philippines to avoid conflict with the Chinese government of Chiang Kai-shek, who was an ally of the United States. In 1946, Vice President
929:), and is the earliest map to showcase the sovereignty of a nation over Scarborough Shoal and the Spratly Islands. The official territories of the Philippines was again published in the 1808
656:
5658:
4913:
4803:
4077:
3519:
2580:
116:
3694:
1029:
In addition to the Philippines, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Malaysia all claim the Spratly Archipelago either as a whole or in part. The Philippines occupies 10 reefs and islands. The
1858:
The Municipality of Kalayaan "demilitarized" on January 18, 1988, and the first appointed mayor, Alejandro Rodriguez, was replaced by his appointed vice mayor, Gaudencio R. Avencena.
1791:
3260:
2746:
2360:
902:
There are records of various cultures in the region passing through the islands for trade. Permanent populations and military stations only became apparent in the 20th century.
4754:
4070:
2801:
2455:
2428:
1798:
facilities at Pag-asa Intergrated School, Barangay Hall, and other sites on the Thitu Island. This has allowed children on the island to continue with their distance learning.
1026:
ruling. As of November 2023, 26 governments support the ruling, 17 issued generally positive statements noting the ruling but not called for compliance, and eight rejected it.
3300:
2935:
4772:
2330:
1011:
i.e. 7º40'N 116º00'E; west to 7º40'N 112º10'E; north to 9º00'N 112º10'E; NE to 12º00'N 114º30'E; east to 12º00'N 118º00'E; south to 10º00'N 118º00'E; SW to 7º40'N 116º00'E.
3409:
1861:
The first free election was held on May 11, 1992, where mostly young municipal officers under the leadership of Mayor Gil D. Policarpio served for nine years (1992-2001).
5653:
5597:
5046:
4860:
2831:
3471:
2640:
3599:
2221:
3721:
1752:
4906:
4813:
3166:
825:
named Pag-asa located on Thitu, which also serves as the seat of the municipal government. Besides Thitu Island, the municipality comprises six other islands:
1764:
2274:
1277:
The islets that comprise the municipality are generally flat. The highest ground elevation is approximately 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) above sea level.
5612:
4956:
4099:
2105:
1985:
1959:
897:
435:
363:
3340:
3378:
2405:
1769:
973:
2692:
2016:
3545:
2138:
2485:
1839:(Panata) islands were designated as marine turtle sanctuaries by the Ministry of National Resources (MNR) when it issued Administrative Order No. 8.
4899:
4808:
1050:
Unofficial NAMRIA map showing features in the Kalayaan Island Group (Spartly Islands). Features names are those recognized by Philippine government.
3104:
5592:
1070:) and three reefs, with an aggregate land area of approximately 79 hectares (0.79 km; 200 acres; 0.31 sq mi). They are as follows:
368:
295:
186:
2662:
4922:
160:
2572:
226:
4283:
3647:
3577:
3494:
2915:
2556:
2383:
861:(Rizal Reef). It is the least populated municipality in the Philippines. Kalayaan's annual budget is 47 million pesos (about $ 1.1 million).
813:(locally known as Pag-asa, the administrative center of Kalayaan Island Group) is 280 nautical miles (320 mi; 520 km) northwest of
2160:
259:
5039:
4873:
4134:
3053:
2512:
725:
683:
3227:
3250:
2738:
2356:
5602:
5281:
4986:
3129:
1944:
5643:
5097:
3714:
2793:
3440:
2451:
2424:
5607:
4746:
4736:
3904:
3867:
3684:
2931:
2613:
706:
582:
497:
102:
75:
4062:
1855:
The first recorded election in Kalayaan was on January 30, 1980, where Aloner M. Heraldo was elected as the first municipal mayor.
3193:
2323:
2297:
4865:
4263:
4150:
3689:
3401:
2723:
640:
2856:
980:(Patag Island). His declaration was met with violent and unfriendly reactions from several neighboring countries especially the
5409:
5032:
3031:
2999:
2966:
2055:
1721:
783:
2076:
2199:
3845:
2823:
3463:
3170:
2636:
5580:
5294:
3707:
1954:
1751:
Thitu Island (Pag-asa) hosts a 1,300-meter runway constructed in the early 1970s on orders of Major General Jose Rancudo,
1178:
977:
842:
4141:
3607:
1038:
is currently under defacto adminstration of Malaysia although is claimed by the Philippines as part of the municipality.
798:. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 193 people making it the least populated town in the Philippines.
5534:
4842:
4834:
4305:
2215:
1784:
1015:
787:
738:
716:
491:
351:
1772:(DOTR) confirmed that the new seaport and sheltered port in Thitu Island is completed and ready to operate by June 12.
1755:. In February 1992, the Armed Forces of the Philippines named the runway "Rancudo Airfield" in honor of its architect.
5080:
4966:
3075:
2248:
1913:
1023:
957:
46:
1864:
A new administration assumed office on July 2, 2001, when Mayor Rosendo L. Mantes won the election on May 14, 2001.
135:
5638:
4178:
4111:
1819:
574:
339:
2882:
1931:
50:
4728:
4032:
3152:
145:
2098:
5648:
3348:
1868:
675:
327:
2409:
1935:
1874:
The current mayor of the municipality is Mayor Roberto M. del Mundo, who won an upset victory on May 9, 2016.
2771:
5575:
4981:
4818:
3045:
2700:
2324:"1875 "Carta General del Archipielago Filipino." extract of The Historical Facts in The West Philippine Sea"
2298:"1875 "Carta General del Archipielago Filipino." extract of The Historical Facts in The West Philippine Sea"
1997:
1949:
893:
865:
2130:
1847:
1046:
2477:
953:
3025:
5424:
5011:
4538:
3860:
3096:
375:
2168:
2670:
849:(respectively locally named Likas, Parola, Lawak, Kota, Patag and Panata), and three shoals or reefs:
5429:
4949:
4273:
4017:
4012:
3371:"Bridging the Digital Gap: DICT activates Free Wi-Fi sites and provides Tech4Ed in Kalayaan, Palawan"
1780:
968:
reiterated the "New Southern Islands", the forerunner name for Kalayaan, as part of the Philippines.
941:
3326:
5539:
5414:
5329:
4961:
4708:
4543:
4238:
3574:
1242:
854:
3027:
Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007
5586:
5549:
5519:
5404:
5254:
5204:
4598:
4558:
4508:
4503:
4338:
3987:
3679:
3126:
1905:
1035:
2573:"China and Philippines: The reasons why a battle for Zhongye (Pag-asa) Island seems unavoidable"
2520:
3219:
5112:
5074:
4971:
4718:
4713:
4683:
4573:
4568:
4518:
4348:
4243:
3942:
3937:
3643:
2911:
2609:
2603:
2552:
2195:
2008:
914:
593:
446:
405:
2905:
2546:
2047:
1981:
5499:
5434:
5339:
5189:
4878:
4643:
4633:
4603:
4563:
4533:
4458:
4318:
3972:
3927:
3922:
3853:
2988:
1114:
826:
775:
913:, which details territories under full sovereign control of Spanish Philippines, including
5524:
5474:
5117:
5055:
4976:
4688:
4578:
4523:
4468:
4448:
4403:
4313:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4040:
4022:
3997:
3894:
3826:
3802:
3778:
3756:
3746:
3581:
3432:
3286:
3255:
3138:
3133:
1807:
1054:
Kalayaan is located in the western section of the Province of Palawan. It consists of one
965:
922:
814:
806:
802:
207:
4891:
3301:"'Welcome to China, Vietnam' messages in Pag-asa Island sent by telco's roaming partners"
2958:
1998:"2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density"
5617:
5529:
5489:
5449:
5369:
5364:
5319:
5289:
5259:
5184:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4583:
4463:
4323:
4198:
4007:
4002:
3992:
3952:
3832:
3741:
3699:
1891:
1258:
1146:
989:
858:
834:
57:
5632:
5484:
5454:
5439:
5324:
5314:
5239:
5209:
5069:
4593:
4528:
4473:
4453:
4408:
4203:
4193:
3962:
3633:
2852:
1832:
1479:
1162:
1130:
949:
838:
830:
17:
3377:. Department of Information and Communication Technology. 2021-05-07. Archived from
1783:
Telecommunications established a cell site, connected to its main network via VSAT (
1066:
Currently, the barangay exercises jurisdiction over eight islets (four of which are
5559:
5554:
5544:
5494:
5459:
5419:
5334:
5264:
5107:
4944:
4488:
4443:
4268:
4253:
4248:
4218:
4123:
3947:
1740:
1098:
818:
810:
122:
2104:. The 2018-2027 Comprehensive Land Use Plan. Municipality of Kalayaan. p. 7.
3637:
5464:
5399:
5394:
5304:
5299:
5276:
5244:
5199:
5194:
5159:
5127:
5122:
5102:
4926:
4588:
4423:
4103:
4046:
Administratively independent from the province but grouped under Palawan by the
1836:
1815:
1811:
1226:
1210:
945:
910:
906:
850:
846:
795:
629:
332:
211:
5479:
5309:
5249:
4618:
4548:
4493:
4291:
4208:
3281:
2907:
Maritime Challenges and Priorities in Asia: Implications for Regional Security
2384:"NEWS IN CONTEXT: Is The 1898 Paris Treaty The Strongest Case For WPS Claims?"
1881:
1194:
424:
2012:
310:
297:
5444:
5214:
4777:
4698:
4648:
3982:
1885:
666:
564:
2220:(8th ed.). Taunton: UKHO - United Kingdom Hydrographic Office. 2010.
696:
5469:
5231:
5226:
4764:
4703:
4658:
4653:
4613:
4513:
4478:
4438:
4413:
4388:
4368:
4213:
4168:
3932:
3585:
1055:
873:
822:
385:
344:
5386:
5381:
5006:
4638:
4628:
4608:
4553:
4398:
4393:
4378:
4373:
4363:
4353:
4163:
3967:
3917:
3912:
3884:
2878:
1939:
881:
791:
607:
356:
2131:"Countries Around South China Sea Bolster Claims With Island Outposts"
5356:
5351:
5151:
5146:
4693:
4623:
4498:
4483:
4428:
4358:
4343:
4258:
4119:
3957:
3327:"'Welcome back to the Philippines!' Pag-asa Island now has Smart LTE"
2853:"Arbitration Support Tracker | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative"
1922:
1918:
985:
981:
877:
671:
2548:
Arbitration Concerning the South China Sea: Philippines Versus China
3495:"Freedom Day brings more power to outpost asserting PH sovereignty"
5176:
5171:
5024:
4940:
4798:
4793:
4418:
4383:
4333:
4328:
4158:
3674:
2767:
2275:"Panatag is proven PH territory; China claims it by bogus history"
2077:"PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates"
1926:
1810:
owned by the municipal government. By night, they shift to stored
1795:
1045:
1030:
869:
618:
413:
3669:
3251:"Tugade confirms Pag-Asa Island seaport ready to open by June 12"
2693:"PREAMBLE TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA"
988:
since 1949), when it effectively garrisoned the nearby island of
754:
4678:
4433:
3546:"Chinese warship chases Kalayaan town boat carrying mayor-elect"
3169:. Philippine Military Academy Alumni Association. Archived from
5028:
4895:
4066:
3849:
3703:
1014:
In 2009, Republic Act No. 9522, which defined the archipelagic
1000:
PD 1596 defined the boundaries of the municipality as follows:
3402:"Pag-asa Island residents get free internet access from gov't"
3194:"PH inaugurates beaching ramp on Pagasa Island in West PH Sea"
2794:"China's 'nine-dash line, historic rights' invalid – tribunal"
1067:
29:
4292:
BARMM – Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
2996:
Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay
2963:
Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay
2052:
Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay
894:
Spratly Islands dispute § History of the Spratly Islands
817:
and 932 kilometres (503 nmi; 579 mi) south-west of
1620:
697:
2249:"Amplifying the true narrative of the West Philippine Sea"
898:
Territorial disputes in the South China Sea § History
3522:. Philippine Clearing House Mechanism for Biodiversity.
3153:"Two infra projects completed on Pag-asa Island in WPS"
3142:, Manila, 22 August 2005. Retrieved on 10 October 2005.
2639:. Pasig, Philippines: Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.
2608:. Cambridge University Press. p. 218 footnote 18.
1792:
Department of Information and Communications Technology
921:
in the indigenous language in the map) and Kalayaan or
864:
All the islands and shoals within the municipality are
3600:"President-elect Duterte most voted in Pag-asa Island"
2932:"Kalayaan, Palawan: Average Temperatures and Rainfall"
4047:
2824:"'No legal basis' for China's South China Sea claims"
2506:
2504:
2502:
2452:"ANALYSIS: The most complicated dispute in the world"
1818:
installed on the Thitu Island. On June 12, 2021, The
4755:
List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines
2739:"China has backed Philippine maritime zone – Carpio"
5568:
5512:
5378:
5348:
5273:
5223:
5168:
5143:
5136:
5090:
5062:
4999:
4933:
4853:
4827:
4786:
4763:
4745:
4727:
4304:
4282:
4186:
4177:
4149:
4110:
4031:
3903:
2667:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
937:, which continued to include the Kalayaan islands.
749:
737:
714:
694:
682:
665:
654:
649:
638:
627:
616:
605:
591:
580:
573:
562:
554:
546:
541:
533:
525:
517:
509:
504:
489:
444:
433:
422:
411:
401:
396:
384:
374:
362:
350:
338:
326:
93:
2855:. Center for Strategic and International Studies.
2724:"Aquino: The president who brought China to court"
2357:"China has backed Philippine maritime zone Carpio"
3290:, Manila, 13 June 2005. Retrieved on 23 May 2006.
2406:"1901 U.S. War Department Map of the Philippines"
1871:who served from June 30, 2010, to June 30, 2016.
5659:Establishments by Philippine presidential decree
5598:List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands
2425:"Carpio debunks China lie about owning Spratlys"
2192:Sovereignty Over the Paracel and Spratly Islands
1851:Mayor Eugenio B. Bito-Onon Jr., August 23, 2015.
905:In 1734, the Spanish colonial government in the
2079:. Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024
1598:(modeled/calculated data, not measured locally)
3695:Local Governance Performance Management System
3076:"Squatters in paradise say it's job from hell"
2268:
2266:
1753:Commanding General of the Philippine Air Force
5040:
4907:
4078:
3861:
3715:
2242:
2240:
2238:
1806:By day, the residents get electricity from a
8:
4264:CAR – Cordillera Administrative Region
4214:Mimaropa – Southwestern Tagalog Region
3639:The Spratly Islands dispute: who's on first?
2540:
2538:
2247:Braid, Florangel Rosario (9 February 2024).
1611:
944:, Spain lost and ceded the territory of the
809:, the Kalayaan municipality, which includes
5613:Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
3097:"PH town 'no match' vs China's Sansha City"
2904:Joshua Ho; Sam Bateman (15 February 2013).
1960:Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
1743:was opened to civilian settlement in 2002.
5140:
5047:
5033:
5025:
4914:
4900:
4892:
4183:
4085:
4071:
4063:
3868:
3854:
3846:
3722:
3708:
3700:
3090:
3088:
2041:
2039:
2037:
1610:
1285:
1072:
661:Kalayaan Municipal Electric System (KAMES)
90:
3282:"RP’s remotest town freed from isolation"
2987:Census of Population and Housing (2010).
2007:. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016.
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
60:so that sources are clearly identifiable.
5654:Island municipalities in the Philippines
3341:"Pag-asa Island now has LTE, Smart says"
1846:
165:Map of Palawan with Kalayaan highlighted
5593:List of airports in the Spratly Islands
2450:Carpio, Antonio T. (11 November 2023).
1971:
974:Philippine Secretary of Foreign Affairs
935:Carita General del Archipelago Filipino
931:Carita General del Archipelago Filipino
748:
693:
681:
664:
648:
572:
540:
532:
516:
513:290.00 km (111.97 sq mi)
503:
457:
395:
383:
373:
325:
290:
178:
157:
129:
113:
108:
2722:II, Paterno Esmaquel (June 29, 2016).
2545:Shicun Wu; Keyuan Zou (2 March 2016).
3526:from the original on 29 December 2014
3520:"PCP-LGU Kalayaan and AFP in Palawan"
3095:Esmaquel II, Paterno (19 July 2014).
2938:from the original on 17 November 2019
2190:Chemillier-Gendreau, Monique (2000).
2141:from the original on 11 November 2020
2099:"Socio-Economic and Physical Profile"
868:all or some of which are claimed by
736:
713:
653:
637:
626:
615:
604:
590:
579:
561:
553:
545:
524:
508:
488:
443:
432:
421:
410:
400:
361:
349:
337:
169:
88:Municipality in Mimaropa, Philippines
7:
4874:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
3737:
3730:Places adjacent to Kalayaan, Palawan
3307:from the original on 29 October 2020
3054:Local Water Utilities Administration
3020:Censuses of Population (1903–2007).
2643:from the original on 26 October 2013
2602:Womack, Brantly (13 February 2006).
2431:from the original on 26 October 2023
27:Municipality in Palawan, Philippines
5603:Philippines and the Spratly Islands
4269:NCR – National Capital Region
3685:Philippine Standard Geographic Code
3670:Kalayaan Palawan - Official Website
3556:from the original on 12 August 2013
3464:"Napocor powers up Kalayaan Island"
2885:from the original on 28 August 2013
1945:Philippines and the Spratly Islands
1794:announced the installation of free
1289:Climate data for Kalayaan, Palawan
909:published the first edition of the
2804:from the original on July 13, 2016
2511:Palatino, Mong (1 November 2010).
2423:Bondoc, Jarius (18 October 2023).
2167:. www.spratlys.org. Archived from
25:
5608:Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads
4737:List of cities in the Philippines
3680:Kalayaan Profile at PhilAtlas.com
3474:from the original on 14 June 2021
3412:from the original on 7 April 2021
3230:from the original on 10 June 2020
3107:from the original on 22 July 2012
3074:Glionna, John M. (26 July 2009),
2859:from the original on 15 July 2024
2792:Santos, Matikas (July 12, 2016).
2583:from the original on 2 March 2014
2458:from the original on 19 June 2024
2363:from the original on 19 June 2024
2022:from the original on May 25, 2021
5380:
5350:
5275:
5225:
5170:
5145:
4274:NIR – Negros Island Region
4140:
4133:
4093:
3877:
3812:
3793:
3785:
3766:
3675:Kalayaan Palawan Tourism Website
3493:Domingo, Ronnel (12 June 2021).
3462:Rivera, Danessa (13 June 2021).
3443:from the original on 22 May 2014
3263:from the original on 2 June 2021
2336:from the original on 5 June 2024
2273:Bondoc, Jarius (27 March 2024).
1898:
1884:
482:Maurice Philip Alexis S. Albayda
266:
265:
258:
233:
232:
225:
193:
192:
185:
159:
144:
134:
115:
58:add missing citation information
34:
4962:West Philippine Sea designation
4048:Philippine Statistics Authority
2967:Philippine Statistics Authority
2834:from the original on 2024-06-27
2774:from the original on 2020-12-23
2749:from the original on 2024-06-19
2669:. 10 March 2009. Archived from
2513:"Aquino's Spratly Islands Call"
2488:from the original on 2017-06-25
2224:from the original on 2014-03-21
2111:from the original on 2022-10-15
2056:Philippine Statistics Authority
2005:Philippine Statistics Authority
1722:Philippine Statistics Authority
4773:Lists of barangays by province
4239:IX – Zamboanga Peninsula
3598:dela Cruz, Ace (11 May 2016).
3431:Campbell, Eric (20 May 2014).
2382:Paez, Patrick (12 June 2024).
1765:Department of National Defense
786:under the jurisdiction of the
121:Seaport under-construction in
1:
5581:Free Territory of Freedomland
5070:Southwest Cay incident (1975)
3813:
3767:
3690:Philippine Census Information
3636:; Clive H. Schofield (1996).
2957:Census of Population (2015).
2355:Mateo, Janvic (7 June 2024).
2046:Census of Population (2020).
1955:Free Territory of Freedomland
1612:Population census of Kalayaan
843:Flat Island (South China Sea)
5535:Northeast Investigator Shoal
4234:VIII – Eastern Visayas
3794:
3786:
3050:Municipality Population Data
2194:. Kluwer Law International.
2129:Moss, Trefor (23 May 2014).
1785:Very-small-aperture terminal
1770:Department of Transportation
1016:baselines of the Philippines
645:₱ 103.3 million (2020)
612:₱ 91.05 million (2020)
5081:Johnson South Reef Skirmish
4835:Formally proposed provinces
4244:X – Northern Mindanao
4229:VII – Central Visayas
3167:"Kalayaan Chain of Islands"
2910:. Routledge. pp. 74–.
2551:. Routledge. pp. 17–.
1914:South China Sea Arbitration
1408:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1338:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1024:South China Sea Arbitration
634:₱ 76.9 million (2020)
249:Show map of South China Sea
5675:
5007:Miangas / Island of Palmas
4259:XIII – Caraga Region
4224:VI – Western Visayas
4131:
3898:(capital and largest city)
3588:Magazine, 27 October 2013.
3575:A Game of Shark and Minnow
3400:Rey, Aika (7 April 2021).
3032:National Statistics Office
3000:National Statistics Office
2482:www.officialgazette.gov.ph
1820:National Power Corporation
1595:
1288:
1031:People's Republic of China
891:
821:. It consists of a single
623:₱ 277 million (2020)
587:5th municipal income class
282:Show map of Southeast Asia
246:Kalayaan (South China Sea)
5644:Municipalities of Palawan
4204:III – Central Luzon
4199:II – Cagayan Valley
3891:
3735:
3604:Updating Filipinos Online
2217:China Sea pilot, Volume 1
1867:It was replaced by Mayor
1814:that comes from 1.5-volt
1759:Beaching Ramp and Seaport
1719:
1638:—
1551:
1477:
1407:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1215:0.44 ha (1.1 acres)
1199:0.53 ha (1.3 acres)
1183:0.57 ha (1.4 acres)
1081:
1078:
1075:
958:1900 Treaty of Washington
291:
279:Kalayaan (Southeast Asia)
179:
170:
158:
130:
114:
109:
100:
4254:XII – Soccsksargen
4100:Administrative divisions
3022:"Region IV-B (Mimaropa)"
2989:"Region IV-B (Mimaropa)"
2959:"Region IV-B (Mimaropa)"
1982:Municipality of Kalayaan
1869:Eugenio B. Bito-onon Jr.
1135:12.7 ha (31 acres)
1119:18.6 ha (46 acres)
1103:32.7 ha (81 acres)
925:(referred in the map as
772:Municipality of Kalayaan
558:0.67/km (1.7/sq mi)
464:Eugenio B. Bito-onon Jr.
110:Municipality of Kalayaan
5576:Spratly Islands dispute
4819:Special Geographic Area
4249:XI – Davao Region
4209:IV-A – Calabarzon
4194:I – Ilocos Region
4124:National Capital Region
3082:, Retrieved 2010-09-06.
2663:"Republic Act No. 9522"
2478:"The 1935 Constitution"
2427:. The Philippine Star.
2359:. The Philippine Star.
2165:History of the Spratlys
1950:Spratly Islands dispute
1167:6.5 ha (16 acres)
1151:7.9 ha (20 acres)
429:Beltzasar S. Alindongan
216:Show map of Philippines
4219:V – Bicol Region
3249:Yumol, David Tristan.
3220:"A 'Historic' Landing"
2768:"Cases | PCA-CPA"
1852:
1051:
933:and again in the 1875
779:
529:14 m (46 ft)
526:Highest elevation
123:Thitu (Pag-asa) Island
5425:Cornwallis South Reef
4987:Philippine activities
4809:Legislative districts
4539:Maguindanao del Norte
4033:Highly urbanized city
3046:"Province of Palawan"
2386:. The Philippine Star
2277:. The Philippine Star
1850:
1763:On June 9, 2020, the
1049:
534:Lowest elevation
18:Kalayaan Island Group
5430:Discovery Great Reef
4967:PCA arbitration case
4804:List of primary LGUs
3192:Sadongdong, Martin.
3127:"Promise of Pag-asa"
2412:on 16 February 2023.
954:1898 Treaty of Paris
942:Spanish-American War
927:Los Bajos de Paragua
866:disputed territories
857:(Ayungin Shoal) and
555: • Density
537:0 m (0 ft)
521:0 m (0 ft)
470:Nonelon B. Balbontin
418:Roberto M. del Mundo
311:11.0522°N 114.2833°E
45:needs more complete
5540:Royal Captain Shoal
5513:Unoccupied features
5415:Central London Reef
5330:Second Thomas Shoal
4923:Territories claimed
4839:Autonomous regions
4709:Zamboanga del Norte
4544:Maguindanao del Sur
3550:The Philippine Star
3329:. 8 September 2020.
3125:Angelina G. Goloy
2579:. 13 January 2014.
2322:Carpio, Antonio T.
2296:Carpio, Antonio T.
2135:Wall Street Journal
1790:In April 2021, the
1613:
1552:Average rainy days
1243:Second Thomas Shoal
1090:International name
855:Second Thomas Shoal
307: /
5587:Great Wall of Sand
5550:Third Thomas Shoal
5520:First Thomas Shoal
5405:Barque Canada Reef
5255:Investigator Shoal
5205:Johnson South Reef
4814:Metropolitan areas
4787:Other subdivisions
4599:Occidental Mindoro
4559:Misamis Occidental
3938:Brooke's Point
3580:2017-08-27 at the
3351:on 21 October 2021
3155:. 20 October 2021.
3132:2014-03-21 at the
1906:Philippines portal
1853:
1776:Telecommunications
1596:Source: Meteoblue
1052:
1036:Investigator Shoal
782:), is a 5th class
547: • Total
510: • Total
440:Edgardo L. Salvame
5639:Kalayaan, Palawan
5626:
5625:
5508:
5507:
5137:Occupied features
5113:North Danger Reef
5075:East Sea Campaign
5022:
5021:
4972:Scarborough Shoal
4889:
4888:
4719:Zamboanga Sibugay
4714:Zamboanga del Sur
4684:Surigao del Norte
4574:Negros Occidental
4569:Mountain Province
4300:
4299:
4060:
4059:
4053:
4018:Sofronio Española
3843:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3649:978-1-897643-23-5
3634:Dzurek, Daniel J.
3173:on 21 August 2013
3080:Los Angeles Times
3056:Research Division
2917:978-1-136-29820-2
2673:on 14 August 2018
2605:China and Vietnam
2558:978-1-317-17989-4
2251:. Manila Bulletin
1831:On June 8, 1982,
1727:
1726:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1270:
1269:
982:Republic of China
915:Scarborough Shoal
853:(Balagtas Reef),
780:Bayan ng Kalayaan
770:, officially the
765:
764:
594:Poverty incidence
479:Roberto M. Asiado
473:Vicencio R. Milan
447:Municipal Council
406:Sangguniang Bayan
402: • Type
316:11.0522; 114.2833
86:
85:
78:
16:(Redirected from
5666:
5569:Related articles
5500:West London Reef
5435:East London Reef
5385:
5384:
5355:
5354:
5340:West York Island
5280:
5279:
5230:
5229:
5190:Fiery Cross Reef
5175:
5174:
5150:
5149:
5141:
5098:Dangerous Ground
5049:
5042:
5035:
5026:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4893:
4879:Southern Tagalog
4861:Former provinces
4604:Oriental Mindoro
4564:Misamis Oriental
4459:Davao Occidental
4319:Agusan del Norte
4184:
4144:
4137:
4097:
4096:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4064:
4043:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3847:
3816:
3815:
3797:
3796:
3789:
3788:
3770:
3769:
3738:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3701:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3606:. Archived from
3595:
3589:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3347:. Archived from
3337:
3331:
3330:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3303:. 10 June 2020.
3297:
3291:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3143:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3092:
3083:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2993:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2703:on 29 March 2019
2699:. Archived from
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2577:China Daily Mail
2569:
2563:
2562:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2523:on 15 April 2019
2519:. Archived from
2508:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2408:. Archived from
2402:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2335:
2328:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2302:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2270:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2244:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2171:on 21 March 2014
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2110:
2103:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2043:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2002:
1994:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1747:Rancudo Airfield
1627:
1622:
1614:
1597:
1286:
1191:Melchora Aquino
1115:West York Island
1087:Philippine name
1073:
827:West York Island
761:
758:
756:
739:Native languages
730:
729:
721:
709:
701:
699:
650:Service provider
476:Hubert B. Llavan
467:Arzel E. Belidan
322:
321:
319:
318:
317:
312:
308:
305:
304:
303:
300:
283:
269:
268:
262:
250:
236:
235:
229:
217:
206:Location in the
196:
195:
189:
163:
148:
138:
119:
91:
81:
74:
70:
67:
61:
38:
37:
30:
21:
5674:
5673:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5663:
5649:Spratly Islands
5629:
5628:
5627:
5622:
5564:
5525:Half Moon Shoal
5504:
5475:Sin Cowe Island
5379:
5374:
5349:
5344:
5274:
5269:
5224:
5219:
5169:
5164:
5144:
5132:
5118:Reed Tablemount
5086:
5058:
5056:Spratly Islands
5053:
5023:
5018:
4995:
4977:Spratly Islands
4957:South China Sea
4929:
4920:
4890:
4885:
4849:
4823:
4782:
4759:
4741:
4723:
4689:Surigao del Sur
4579:Negros Oriental
4524:Lanao del Norte
4469:Dinagat Islands
4449:Davao del Norte
4404:Camarines Norte
4296:
4278:
4173:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4129:
4106:
4094:
4091:
4061:
4056:
4041:Puerto Princesa
4027:
3899:
3895:Puerto Princesa
3887:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3844:
3839:
3827:South China Sea
3803:South China Sea
3798:
3779:South China Sea
3757:South China Sea
3752:
3747:South China Sea
3731:
3728:
3666:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3632:
3629:
3627:Further reading
3624:
3623:
3613:
3611:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3582:Wayback Machine
3573:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3529:
3527:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3477:
3475:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3446:
3444:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3384:
3382:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3345:CNN Philippines
3339:
3338:
3334:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3287:Manila Bulletin
3280:
3276:
3266:
3264:
3256:CNN Philippines
3248:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3231:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3198:Manila Bulletin
3191:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3139:Manila Standard
3134:Wayback Machine
3124:
3120:
3110:
3108:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2879:"Layang Layang"
2877:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2837:
2835:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2777:
2775:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2752:
2750:
2737:Mateo, Janvic.
2736:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2510:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2489:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2364:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2236:
2227:
2225:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2202:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2060:
2058:
2045:
2044:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1880:
1845:
1829:
1808:power generator
1804:
1778:
1761:
1749:
1736:
1609:
1604:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1283:
1275:
1044:
966:Elpidio Quirino
923:Spratly Islands
900:
890:
815:Puerto Princesa
807:South China Sea
803:Spratly Islands
755:kalayaanpalawan
753:
744:
733:+63 (0)48
723:
719:
715:
710:
705:
695:
690:
600:
485:
456:
455:
315:
313:
309:
306:
301:
298:
296:
294:
293:
287:
286:
285:
284:
281:
280:
277:
276:
275:
274:
270:
253:
252:
251:
248:
247:
244:
243:
242:
241:
237:
220:
219:
218:
215:
214:
208:South China Sea
204:
203:
202:
201:
197:
175:
174:
166:
154:
153:
152:
151:
142:
141:
126:
105:
96:
89:
82:
71:
65:
62:
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5672:
5670:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5631:
5630:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5618:Nine-dash line
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5583:
5578:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5530:Luconia Shoals
5527:
5522:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5490:Spratly Island
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5450:Lansdowne Reef
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5391:
5389:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5370:Zhongzhou Reef
5367:
5365:Taiping Island
5361:
5359:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5320:Nanshan Island
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5290:Commodore Reef
5286:
5284:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5260:Mariveles Reef
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5236:
5234:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5185:Cuarteron Reef
5181:
5179:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5156:
5154:
5138:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5078:
5072:
5066:
5064:
5063:Confrontations
5060:
5059:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5029:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4911:
4904:
4896:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4868:
4863:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4837:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4769:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4751:
4749:
4747:Municipalities
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4733:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4674:Sultan Kudarat
4671:
4669:Southern Leyte
4666:
4664:South Cotabato
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4584:Northern Samar
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4464:Davao Oriental
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4324:Agusan del Sur
4321:
4316:
4310:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4288:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4190:
4188:
4187:Administrative
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4116:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4067:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4037:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3905:Municipalities
3901:
3900:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3850:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3799:
3784:
3782:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3753:
3750:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3665:
3664:External links
3662:
3661:
3660:
3648:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3610:on 8 June 2019
3590:
3567:
3537:
3511:
3485:
3454:
3433:"Reef Madness"
3423:
3392:
3362:
3332:
3318:
3292:
3274:
3241:
3224:BusinessMirror
3218:Acosta, Rene.
3210:
3184:
3158:
3144:
3118:
3084:
3067:
3037:
3012:
2979:
2949:
2923:
2916:
2896:
2870:
2844:
2815:
2784:
2759:
2729:
2714:
2697:United Nations
2684:
2654:
2628:
2614:
2594:
2564:
2557:
2534:
2498:
2469:
2442:
2415:
2397:
2374:
2347:
2329:. p. 54.
2314:
2288:
2262:
2234:
2207:
2200:
2182:
2152:
2121:
2090:
2068:
2033:
1989:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1929:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1895:
1892:Islands portal
1879:
1876:
1844:
1841:
1828:
1825:
1803:
1800:
1777:
1774:
1760:
1757:
1748:
1745:
1735:
1734:Infrastructure
1732:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1259:Commodore Reef
1256:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1147:Nanshan Island
1144:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1064:
1063:
1043:
1040:
1009:
1008:
889:
886:
859:Commodore Reef
835:Nanshan Island
763:
762:
751:
747:
746:
741:
735:
734:
731:
726:area code
712:
711:
704:
702:
692:
691:
688:
686:
680:
679:
669:
663:
662:
659:
652:
651:
647:
646:
643:
636:
635:
632:
625:
624:
621:
614:
613:
610:
603:
602:
598:
596:
589:
588:
585:
578:
577:
571:
570:
567:
560:
559:
556:
552:
551:
548:
544:
543:
539:
538:
535:
531:
530:
527:
523:
522:
519:
515:
514:
511:
507:
506:
502:
501:
494:
487:
486:
484:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
461:Nonie C. Gapuz
459:
453:
452:
451:
449:
442:
441:
438:
436:Representative
431:
430:
427:
420:
419:
416:
409:
408:
403:
399:
398:
394:
393:
388:
382:
381:
378:
372:
371:
366:
360:
359:
354:
348:
347:
342:
336:
335:
330:
324:
323:
289:
288:
278:
272:
271:
264:
263:
257:
256:
255:
254:
245:
239:
238:
231:
230:
224:
223:
222:
221:
205:
199:
198:
191:
190:
184:
183:
182:
181:
180:
177:
176:
172:
171:
168:
167:
164:
156:
155:
149:
143:
139:
133:
132:
131:
128:
127:
120:
112:
111:
107:
106:
101:
98:
97:
94:
87:
84:
83:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5671:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5485:Southwest Cay
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5455:Namyit Island
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5440:Grierson Reef
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5410:Bombay Castle
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5383:
5377:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5353:
5347:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5325:Northeast Cay
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5315:Loaita Island
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5278:
5272:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5240:Ardasier Reef
5238:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5228:
5222:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5210:Mischief Reef
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5173:
5167:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5148:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5082:
5079:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5050:
5045:
5043:
5038:
5036:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5002:
4998:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4917:
4912:
4910:
4905:
4903:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4866:Sub-provinces
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4826:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4762:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4594:Nueva Vizcaya
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4529:Lanao del Sur
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4474:Eastern Samar
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4454:Davao del Sur
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4409:Camarines Sur
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
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4151:Island groups
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1480:precipitation
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1163:Loaita Island
1161:
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1131:Northeast Cay
1129:
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1125:
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1113:
1110:
1109:
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1076:Feature name
1074:
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950:United States
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839:Loaita Island
836:
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831:Northeast Cay
828:
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391:
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380:June 11, 1978
379:
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292:Coordinates:
261:
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173:OpenStreetMap
162:
147:
137:
124:
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104:
99:
92:
80:
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59:
53:
52:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
5560:Whitsun Reef
5555:Western Reef
5545:Sabina Shoal
5495:Tennent Reef
5460:Pearson Reef
5420:Collins Reef
5335:Thitu Island
5265:Swallow Reef
5108:London Reefs
4945:North Borneo
4489:Ilocos Norte
4444:Davao de Oro
4098:
4045:
3977:
3948:Cagayancillo
3893:
3883:Province of
3825:
3801:
3790:
3777:
3755:
3745:
3653:. Retrieved
3638:
3612:. Retrieved
3608:the original
3603:
3593:
3570:
3558:. Retrieved
3549:
3540:
3528:. Retrieved
3514:
3502:. Retrieved
3499:Inquirer.net
3498:
3488:
3476:. Retrieved
3468:Philstar.com
3467:
3457:
3445:. Retrieved
3436:
3426:
3414:. Retrieved
3405:
3395:
3383:. Retrieved
3379:the original
3374:
3365:
3353:. Retrieved
3349:the original
3344:
3335:
3321:
3311:28 September
3309:. Retrieved
3295:
3285:
3277:
3265:. Retrieved
3254:
3244:
3232:. Retrieved
3223:
3213:
3201:. Retrieved
3197:
3187:
3175:. Retrieved
3171:the original
3161:
3147:
3137:
3121:
3109:. Retrieved
3100:
3079:
3070:
3058:. Retrieved
3049:
3040:
3026:
3015:
3003:. Retrieved
2995:
2982:
2970:. Retrieved
2962:
2952:
2940:. Retrieved
2926:
2906:
2899:
2887:. Retrieved
2873:
2861:. Retrieved
2847:
2836:. Retrieved
2827:
2818:
2806:. Retrieved
2798:INQUIRER.net
2797:
2787:
2776:. Retrieved
2762:
2751:. Retrieved
2743:Philstar.com
2742:
2732:
2717:
2705:. Retrieved
2701:the original
2696:
2687:
2675:. Retrieved
2671:the original
2666:
2657:
2645:. Retrieved
2631:
2619:. Retrieved
2604:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2576:
2567:
2547:
2525:. Retrieved
2521:the original
2517:The Diplomat
2516:
2490:. Retrieved
2481:
2472:
2460:. Retrieved
2445:
2433:. Retrieved
2418:
2410:the original
2400:
2388:. Retrieved
2377:
2365:. Retrieved
2350:
2338:. Retrieved
2317:
2305:. Retrieved
2303:. p. 45
2291:
2279:. Retrieved
2253:. Retrieved
2226:. Retrieved
2216:
2210:
2191:
2185:
2173:. Retrieved
2169:the original
2164:
2155:
2143:. Retrieved
2134:
2124:
2113:. Retrieved
2093:
2081:. Retrieved
2071:
2059:. Retrieved
2051:
2024:. Retrieved
2004:
1992:
1974:
1873:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1830:
1816:solar panels
1805:
1802:Power supply
1789:
1779:
1762:
1750:
1741:Thitu Island
1737:
1728:
1607:Demographics
1482:mm (inches)
1276:
1099:Thitu Island
1065:
1053:
1028:
1020:
1013:
1010:
1004:
999:
995:
970:
962:
952:through the
939:
934:
930:
926:
918:
904:
901:
863:
819:Metro Manila
811:Thitu Island
801:Part of the
800:
784:municipality
771:
767:
766:
583:Income class
496:521 voters (
392:1 (Pag-asa)
390:
369:1st district
103:Municipality
72:
63:
56:Please help
51:verification
44:
5465:Petley Reef
5400:Amboyna Cay
5395:Alison Reef
5305:Lankiam Cay
5300:Irving Reef
5295:Flat Island
5282:Philippines
5245:Dallas Reef
5200:Hughes Reef
5195:Gaven Reefs
5160:Louisa Reef
5128:Union Banks
5123:Tizard Bank
5103:Loaita Bank
4927:Philippines
4589:Nueva Ecija
4424:Catanduanes
4104:Philippines
4013:San Vicente
3408:. Rappler.
3060:17 December
2942:17 November
2881:. Avillon.
1835:(Kota) and
1827:Environment
1812:solar power
1227:Irving Reef
1211:Lankiam Cay
1179:Flat Island
978:Flat Island
946:Philippines
911:Velarde map
907:Philippines
851:Irving Reef
847:Lankiam Cay
796:Philippines
657:Electricity
641:Liabilities
630:Expenditure
333:Philippines
314: /
302:114°17′00″E
212:Philippines
5633:Categories
5480:South Reef
5310:Loaita Cay
5250:Erica Reef
4854:Historical
4843:Cordillera
4619:Pangasinan
4549:Marinduque
4494:Ilocos Sur
4284:Autonomous
3655:2014-06-26
2838:2024-07-01
2828:Al Jazeera
2778:2024-07-01
2753:2024-07-01
2492:2024-07-01
2228:2014-06-26
2201:9041113819
2161:"Timeline"
2115:2022-10-15
2048:"Mimaropa"
1966:References
1843:Government
1273:Topography
1195:Loaita Cay
940:After the
892:See also:
565:Households
542:Population
492:Electorate
425:Vice Mayor
397:Government
299:11°03′08″N
5445:Ladd Reef
5215:Subi Reef
4778:Poblacion
4765:Barangays
4699:Tawi-Tawi
4649:Sarangani
4306:Provinces
3988:Magsaysay
3983:Linapacan
3560:22 August
3530:18 August
3177:20 August
2889:18 August
2863:25 August
2647:17 August
2637:"PD 1596"
2013:0117-1453
1936:Khánh Hòa
1932:Trường Sa
1223:Balagtas
1042:Geography
984:(ROC; on
805:, in the
707:175321000
667:Time zone
518:Elevation
386:Barangays
66:July 2024
47:citations
5470:Sand Cay
5232:Malaysia
4870:Regions
4828:Proposed
4704:Zambales
4659:Sorsogon
4654:Siquijor
4614:Pampanga
4514:La Union
4479:Guimaras
4439:Cotabato
4414:Camiguin
4389:Bukidnon
4369:Batangas
4169:Mindanao
3978:Kalayaan
3943:Busuanga
3933:Bataraza
3791:Kalayaan
3642:. IBRU.
3586:NY Times
3578:Archived
3554:Archived
3524:Archived
3472:Archived
3441:Archived
3437:ABC News
3410:Archived
3305:Archived
3261:Archived
3228:Archived
3130:Archived
3111:21 March
3105:Archived
2936:Archived
2883:Archived
2857:Archived
2832:Archived
2802:Archived
2772:Archived
2747:Archived
2641:Archived
2621:March 4,
2587:21 March
2581:Archived
2486:Archived
2456:Archived
2429:Archived
2361:Archived
2331:Archived
2222:Archived
2175:21 March
2139:Archived
2106:Archived
2083:28 April
2026:July 16,
2017:Archived
1878:See also
1720:Source:
1547:(126.2)
1478:Average
1239:Ayungin
1095:Pag-asa
1056:barangay
917:(called
874:Malaysia
823:barangay
788:province
768:Kalayaan
743:Palawano
684:ZIP code
601:% (2021)
364:District
352:Province
345:Mimaropa
273:Kalayaan
240:Kalayaan
210:and the
200:Kalayaan
95:Kalayaan
5387:Vietnam
5091:Regions
4982:dispute
4950:dispute
4934:Current
4925:by the
4639:Romblon
4629:Quirino
4609:Palawan
4554:Masbate
4509:Kalinga
4504:Isabela
4399:Cagayan
4394:Bulacan
4379:Biliran
4374:Benguet
4364:Batanes
4354:Basilan
4339:Antique
4179:Regions
4164:Visayas
4112:Capital
4102:of the
3973:El Nido
3968:Dumaran
3928:Balabac
3923:Araceli
3918:Agutaya
3913:Aborlan
3885:Palawan
3504:14 June
3478:14 June
3447:15 June
3416:15 June
3406:Rappler
3385:15 June
3355:3 April
3267:10 June
3234:10 June
3203:10 June
3101:Rappler
3005:29 June
2972:20 June
2808:July 1,
2462:19 June
2435:19 June
2390:19 June
2367:19 June
2340:19 June
2307:19 June
2281:19 June
2255:19 June
2145:8 March
1979:
1940:Vietnam
1837:Lankiam
1693:+27.45%
1660:+43.92%
1649:−17.30%
1626:±% p.a.
1542:(13.7)
1537:(13.3)
1532:(12.4)
1527:(15.7)
1522:(13.5)
1517:(15.7)
1512:(16.0)
1281:Climate
1207:Panata
1170:Island
1154:Island
1127:Parola
1122:Island
1106:Island
1062:Pag-asa
990:Itu Aba
948:to the
919:Panacot
888:History
882:Vietnam
792:Palawan
776:Tagalog
750:Website
745:Tagalog
728:
724:
720:
608:Revenue
575:Economy
454:Members
376:Founded
357:Palawan
328:Country
5357:Taiwan
5152:Brunei
5083:(1988)
5077:(1975)
5000:Former
4799:Sitios
4794:Puroks
4729:Cities
4694:Tarlac
4624:Quezon
4519:Laguna
4499:Iloilo
4484:Ifugao
4429:Cavite
4359:Bataan
4349:Aurora
4344:Apayao
4120:Manila
4023:Taytay
3998:Quezon
3958:Culion
3742:Sansha
3646:
3614:8 June
2914:
2707:14 May
2677:14 May
2612:
2555:
2527:14 May
2198:
2061:8 July
2011:
1986:(DILG)
1923:Hainan
1919:Sansha
1833:Loaita
1715:+0.94%
1704:−3.51%
1682:−8.84%
1671:−9.16%
1591:243.6
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2109:(PDF)
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1585:24.6
1582:24.1
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3506:2021
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3387:2021
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3313:2020
3269:2020
3236:2020
3205:2020
3179:2013
3113:2014
3062:2016
3007:2016
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2944:2019
2912:ISBN
2891:2013
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2810:2024
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2679:2019
2649:2013
2623:2012
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2589:2014
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