852:. Once, king Vishvamitra with his army arrived at the hermitage of the sage Vasishtha. The sage welcomed him and offered a huge banquet – to the army – that was produced by Sabala – as Kamadhenu is called in the text. The astonished king asked the sage to part with Sabala and instead offered thousand of ordinary cows, elephants, horses and jewels in return. However, the sage refused to part with Sabala, who was necessary for the performance of the sacred rituals and charity by the sage. Agitated, Vishvamitra seized Sabala by force, but she returned to her master, fighting the king's men. She hinted Vasishtha to order her to destroy the king's army and the sage followed her wish. Intensely, she produced
812:, Kamadhenu creates a great city by her power to accommodate Kartavirya Arjuna's army, when they visit Jamadagni's hermitage. On returning to his kingdom, Kartavirya Arjuna's minister, Chandragupta, persuades him to capture the divine cow. The minister returns to the hermitage and tries to convince the sage to give away the cow, but to no avail, so he tries to snatch Kamadhenu with force. In the ensuing fight, the sage is killed, but Kamadhenu escapes to the sky and Chandragupta takes her calf with him instead. The Brahmanda Purana narrates this Kamadhenu Sushila was given to Jamadagni by the Kamadhenu-Surabhi, who governs in
994:(symbol of Shiva)—emerged before them. The decided that whoever among them was able to discover the end of this pillar would be deemed superior. Brahma flew towards the skies to try to find the northern end of the pillar, but failed. So, Brahma forced Surabhi (in some versions, Surabhi instead suggested that Brahma should lie) to falsely testify to Vishnu that Brahma had seen the top of the lingam; Shiva punished Surabhi for her dishonesty by declaring hat her bovine offspring would consume unholy substances. This tale appears in the
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701:—once passed by Kamadhenu-Surabhi, but failed to pay respects to her, thus incurring the wrath of the divine cow, who cursed the king to be rendered childless. Since Kamadhenu had gone to Patala, the guru of Dilipa, Vasishtha advised the king to serve Nandini, Kamadhenu's daughter, who was in the hermitage. The king and his wife propitiated Nandini, who neutralized her mother's curse and blessed the king to have a son, who was named
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257:(both ancient sages), and that kings who tried to steal her from the sage ultimately faced dire consequences for their actions. Kamadhenu plays the important role of providing milk and milk products to be used in her sage-master's oblations; she is also capable of producing fierce warriors to protect him. In addition to dwelling in the sage's hermitage, she is also described as dwelling in
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narrates that the celestial cow – called Kapila here – produces various weapons and an army to aid
Jamadagni defeat the king's army, who had come to seize her. When the king himself challenged Jamadagni for battle, Kapila instructed her master in martial arts. Jamadagni led the army created by Kapila
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notes two conflicting descriptions of
Surabhi. In one chapter, it describes Surabhi as the consort of Brahma and their union produced the cow Yogishvari, She is then described as the mother of cows and quadrupeds. In another instance, she is described as a daughter of Daksha, wife of Kashyapa and the
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Apart from Goloka and Patala, Kamadhenu is also described as residing in the hermitages of the sages
Jamadagni and Vasishtha. The scholar Mani explains the contradicting stories of Kamadhenu's birth and presence in the processions of many gods and sages by stating that while there could be more than
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Some temples and houses have images of
Kamadhenu, which are worshipped. However, she has never had a worship cult dedicated to her and does not have any temples where she is worshipped as the chief deity. A recent temple called Kamadhenu Devi Temple, KR Puram, Bangalore is dedicated to her. In
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791:("warrior") race 21 times and his father is resurrected by divine grace. Similar accounts of the abduction of the celestial cow or her calf, the killing of Jamadagni by Kartavirya Arjuna, and the revenge of Parashurama resulting in the death of Kartavirya Arjuna, exist in other texts. The
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as the mother of all cows. She is a miraculous cow of plenty who provides her owner whatever they desire and is often portrayed as the mother of other cattle. In iconography, she is generally depicted as a white cow with a female head and breasts, the wings of a bird, and the tail of a
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were enjoying dalliance, when they thirsted for milk. So, Krishna created a cow called
Surabhi and a calf called Manoratha from the left side of his body, and milked the cow. When drinking the milk, the milk pot fell on the ground and broke, spilling the milk, which became the
640:, the cosmic milk ocean. Numerous cows then emerged from the pores of Surabhi's skin and were presented to the cowherd-companions (gopas) of Krishna by him. Then Krishna worshipped Surabhi and decreed that she—a cow, the giver of milk and prosperity—be worshipped at
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and worshipped Brahma for 10,000 years. The pleased god conferred goddess-hood on the cow and decreed that all people would worship her and her children – cows. He also gave her a world called Goloka, while her daughters would reside on earth among humans.
747:—the cow from whom oblations are drawn. Moreover, the cow also offers the Brahmins—who are prohibited to fight—protection against abusive kings who try to harm them. As a goddess, she becomes a warrior, creating armies to protect her master and herself.
974:. In verse 3.10, Krishna makes a reference to Kamaduh while conveying that for doing one's duty, one would get the milk of one's desires. In verse 10.28, when Krishna declares to the source of the universe, he proclaims that among cows, he is Kamaduh.
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and other foreign warriors. Together, the army of Sabala killed
Vishvamitra's army and all his sons. This event led to a great rivalry between Vasishtha and Vishvamitra, who renounced his kingdom and became a great sage to defeat Vasishtha.
1013:'s words: "It is rather the living animal which is the perpetual object of adoration". Cows are often fed outside temples and worshipped regularly on all Fridays and on special occasions. Every cow to "a pious Hindu" is regarded as an
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is described to have cast a curse on
Surabhi. This curse is interpreted as a reference to the following legend: Once, when the gods Brahma and Vishnu disputed over each other's superiority, a massive, fiery pillar of light— the
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also narrates a similar instance: Surabhi cries about the plight of her son—a bullock, who is overworked and beaten by his peasant-master. Indra, moved by
Surabhi's tears, rains to stop the ploughing of the tormented bullock.
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Sanskrit–English
Dictionary (1899), Surabhi means fragrant, charming, pleasing, as well as cow and earth. It can specifically refer to the divine cow Kamadhenu, the mother of cattle who is also sometimes described as a
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Frederick M. Smith describes
Kamadhenu as a "popular and enduring image in Indian art". All the gods are believed to reside in the body of Kamadhenu—the generic cow. Her four legs are the scriptural
281:, which is also used as a synonym for an ordinary cow. Professor Jacobi considers the name Surabhi—"the fragrant one"—to have originated from the peculiar smell of cows. According to the
564:. Her daughters Rohini and Gandharvi are the mothers of cattle and horses respectively. Still, it is Surabhi who is described as the mother of all cows in the text. However, in the
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mentions that when Kartavirya Arjuna tried to capture her, Kamadhenu, by her own power, defeated him and his army and flew off to heaven; the enraged king then killed Jamadagni.
377:), who is often described as a cow in Sanskrit. The sacred cow denotes "purity and non-erotic fertility, ... sacrificing and motherly nature, sustenance of human life".
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478:(ambrosia, elixir of life). As such, she is regarded the offspring of the gods and demons, created when they churned the cosmic milk ocean and then given to the
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and defeated the king and his army several times; each time sparing the life of the king. Finally, with the aid of a divine spear granted to him by the god
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s – the guardian cow goddesses of the heavenly quarters: Saurabhi in the east, Harhsika in the south, Subhadra in the west, and Dhenu in the north.
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or as a white cow containing various deities within her body. Kamadhenu is not worshipped independently as a goddess. Rather, she is honored by the
743:(clarified butter) are integral parts of Vedic fire sacrifices, which are conducted by Brahmin priests; thus she is sometimes also referred to as
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mentions that the king abducted Kamadhenu as well as her calf and Parashurama defeated the king and returned the kine to his father. The
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In a poster condemning the consumption of beef, the sacred cow Kamadhenu is depicted as containing various deities within her body.
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423:, who is portrayed with a horse's body, wings, and a woman's face. Contemporary poster art also portrays Kamadhenu in this form.
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is given the epithet Kamadhenu. In other instances, Nandini is described as the cow-daughter of Surabhi-Kamadhenu. The scholar
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connection of the deity contrasting with the accompanying dogs—symbolizing a non-Brahminical aspect. She also symbolizes the
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897:, the cow-heaven located above the three worlds (heaven, earth and netherworld): the daughter of Daksha, Surabhi went to
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also makes a passing reference to Surabhi as the mother of Nandini (literally "daughter") in the context of the birth of
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582:, Surabhi is described as the daughter of Daksha and the wife of Kashyapa, as well as the mother of cows and buffaloes.
440:(the five classical elements) in the icon. Dattatreya is sometimes depicted holding the divine cow in one of his hands.
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1474:. The Sacred books of the Hindus. Vol. 2. Cosmo Publications for Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. pp. 52, 137.
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Donaldson, Thomas Eugene (1995). "The Cult of Parasurama and its Popularity in Orrisa". In Vyas, R. T. (ed.).
739:(the priesthood class, especially sages), whose wealth she symbolises. Cow's milk and its derivatives such as
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Hindu scriptures provide diverse accounts of the birth of Kamadhenu. While some narrate that she emerged from
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781:, destroyed Jamadagni's hermitage and captured the calf of Kamadhenu. To retrieve the calf, Jamadagni's son
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Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary With Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature
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1652:. The Director, Oriental Institute on behalf of Registar, MS, University of Baroda. pp. 163–7.
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369:, who is regarded as the source of all prosperity in Hinduism. Kamadhenu is regarded as a form of
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683:. Nandini is stolen by the divine Vasus and thus cursed by the sage to be born on the earth. The
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that rose from the Samudra Manthana. Further, Surabhi gave birth to many golden cows called
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one Kamadhenu, all of them are incarnations of the original Kamadhenu, the mother of cows.
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Various other scriptural references describe Surabhi as the mother of the Rudras including
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cow, crowned woman's head, colourful eagle wings and a peacock's tail. According to the
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1186:(1993). "Kamadhenu: The Religious Cow, Symbol of Prosperity". In Yves Bonnefoy (ed.).
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Kamadhenu (left, 2nd from top) depicted in a scene of the Churning of the Cosmic Ocean
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slew the king, whose sons in turn killed Jamadagni. Parashurama then destroyed the
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Barvaras, from her hind Yavanas and Shakas, and from pores on her skin, Haritas,
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book of the epic narrates that Surabhi was born from the belch of "the creator" (
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1450:"Bhagavata Purana: Canto 6: Chapter 6: The Progeny of the Daughters of Daksha"
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The Mahabharata: Book 2: The Book of Assembly; Book 3: The Book of the Forest
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Kamadhenu-Surabhi's residence varies depending on different scriptures. The
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warriors, who were slain by Vishvamitra's army. So she produced warriors of
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A cow, identified with Kamadhenu, is often depicted accompanying the god
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Another representation of Kamadhenu shows her with the body of a white
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presents a similar account about Kamadhenu, however, here the sage is
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Parshurama slaying Kartavirya Arjuna as Kamadhenu and her calf flee
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A legend narrates that the sacred cow Kamadhenu resided with sage
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913:– the lord of the oceans – which is situated below the earth in
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1872:. Vol. 1: Part I. Madras: Law Printing House. p. 13.
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Kiss of the yoginī: "Tantric Sex" in its South Asian contexts
482:, the seven great seers. She was ordered by the creator-god
419:, this form is influenced by the iconography of the Islamic
1835:
White, David Gordon (2003). "Surabhi, The Mother of Cows".
1821:
Brahmanism and Hinduism:Religious Thought and Life in India
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considers Nandini and Surabhi to be synonyms of Kamadhenu.
917:(the netherworld). Her flowing sweet milk is said to form
408:. Kamadhenu is often depicted in this form in poster art.
1618:. Vol. 2. University of Chicago Press. p. 237.
1506:"The S'rîmad Devî Bhâgawatam: On the anecdote of Surabhi"
241:, others describe her as the daughter of the creator god
1650:
Studies in Jaina art and iconography and allied subjects
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that he vomited some of it, from which emerged Surabhi.
1731:. Univ of California Press. 2023-07-28. p. 119.
1564:. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. pp.
1593:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp. xv, xvi, 1–27.
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specifies that Surabhi inhabits the lowest realm of
675:. Nandini, like her mother, is a "cow of plenty" or
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1994:
1759:. Blackie & Son (India) Ltd. pp. 135, 264.
539:narrates that the creator-god Brahma drank so much
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150:
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102:
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1772:The Mahabharata: Book 13: Anusasana Parva archive
1262:Dattātreya: the immortal guru, yogin, and avatāra
492:("clarified butter") for ritual fire-sacrifices.
1232:"The S'rîmad Devî Bhâgawatam: Book 2: Chapter 3"
519:, who were called the mothers of the world. The
273:Kamadhenu is often addressed by the proper name
234:, who are regarded as her earthly embodiments.
1017:(earthly embodiment) of the divine Kamadhenu.
909:, Surabhi is described to live in the city of
365:, Kamadhenu or Kamaduh is the generic name of
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310:
304:
210:
198:
37:"Surabhi" redirects here. For other uses, see
1968:
1425:Socio-Political Study of the Valmiki Ramayana
1213:"Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary"
1157:"Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary"
8:
1255:
1253:
1251:
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1080:Sanskrit Heritage Dictionary - सुरभि surabhi
1533:. Inner Traditions International. pp.
1190:. University of Chicago Press. p. 99.
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221:), is a divine bovine-goddess described in
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1561:The Mahabharata: The book of the beginning
1328:Venugopalam, R. (2003). "Animal Deities".
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1704:The Mahabharata: Book 13: Anusasana Parva
1427:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 220.
1418:
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1381:The Mahabharata: Book 13: Anusasana Parva
893:tells how she was given the ownership of
1591:The Raghuvamsa of Kalidasa: Cantos I – V
1332:. B. Jain Publishers. pp. 119–120.
966:, a discourse by the god Krishna in the
1843:. University of Chicago Press. p.
1770:Ganguli, Kisari Mohan. "SECTION XVII".
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
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1589:Kale, M. R. (1991). "Cantos I and II".
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1321:
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735:Kamadhenu is often associated with the
1300:. Columbia University Press. pp.
1264:. SUNY Press. pp. 231, 233, 243.
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602:, calls Surabhi the mother of amrita,
164:Nandini, Dhenu, Harschika and Subhadra
45:
1405:The Mahabharata: Book 5: Udyoga Parva
655:(Kashyapa being the father), the cow
529:created Surabhi from his breath. The
182:
27:Hindu goddess; Divine cow in Hinduism
7:
1138:Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics
864:lineage. From her mouth emerged the
731:Wealth and protector of the Brahmins
472:) by the gods and demons to acquire
1698:Ganguli, Kisari Mohan (1883–1896).
1399:Ganguli, Kisari Mohan (1883–1896).
1375:Ganguli, Kisari Mohan (1883–1896).
771:, narrates that the thousand-armed
1356:. Philadelphia Museum of Art. 2010
1354:"Kamadhenu, The Wish-Granting Cow"
552:, Surabhi is the daughter of Sage
25:
1504:Vijñanananda, Swami (1921–1922).
1230:Vijñanananda, Swami (1921–1922).
1211:Monier-Williams, Monier (2008) .
333:, in the context of the birth of
2126:
1940:
1041:
1027:
925:, the cosmic milk ocean. In the
617:Kamadhenu pictured with her calf
486:to give milk, and supply it and
384:; her horns are the triune gods
239:the churning of the cosmic ocean
1675:The concise Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki
970:, twice refers to Kamadhenu as
947:, and has four daughters – the
1895:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
1755:(1977). "Verses 3.10, 10.28".
1673:Venkatesananda, Swami (1988).
1141:. Vol. 4. pp. 225–6.
716:, the god-king of heaven. The
245:, and as the wife of the sage
72:Sculpture of Kamadhenu at the
1:
1870:Elements of Hindu iconography
1677:. SUNY Press. pp. 31–2.
830:, the king killed Jamadagni.
1868:Rao, T.A. Gopinatha (1916).
1789:. Verso Books. p. 137.
1614:Van Buitenen, J. A. (1975).
1558:Van Buitenen, J. A. (1975).
1330:Rituals and Culture of India
1292:Smith, Frederick M. (2006).
1260:Rigopoulos, Antonio (1998).
659:and even the serpent-people
134:or the hermitages of sages,
1919:. Strassburg K.J. Trübner.
1530:The histories of gods India
1470:A Taluqdar of Oudh (2008).
1423:Sharma, Ramashraya (1971).
525:also tells a similar tale:
261:—the realm of the cows—and
217:
205:
189:
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417:Philadelphia Museum of Art
303:The epithets "Kamadhenu" (
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32:Kamadhenu (disambiguation)
29:
2479:Hindu legendary creatures
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2124:
349:Iconography and symbolism
317:
311:
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211:
199:
178:
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2432:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
1911:Hopkins, Edward Washburn
1787:The Myth of the Holy Cow
1527:Daniélou, Alain (1991).
1127:Jacobi, H. (1908–1927).
679:, and resides with sage
361:According to Indologist
296:("the spotted one") and
232:Hindu veneration of cows
39:Surabhi (disambiguation)
1816:Monier-Williams, Monier
1706:. Sacred texts archive.
1407:. Sacred texts archive.
1383:. Sacred texts archive.
1153:Monier-Williams, Monier
905:In one instance in the
693:mentions that the king
2509:Agricultural goddesses
1508:. Sacred texts archive
1234:. Sacred texts archive
822:Brahma Vaivarta Purana
760:
671:, an incarnation of a
618:
453:
358:
184:[kaːmɐˈdʱeːnʊ]
758:
624:Devi Bhagavata Purana
616:
598:, an appendix of the
451:
356:
330:Devi Bhagavata Purana
2504:Hindu animal worship
1949:at Wikimedia Commons
697:—an ancestor of god
592:mother of cows. The
30:For other uses, see
2494:Hinduism and cattle
1785:Jha, D. N. (2004).
1716:Hopkins pp. 16, 119
1217:Universität zu Köln
1184:Biardeau, Madeleine
1161:Universität zu Köln
833:
750:
511:after he drank the
265:, the netherworld.
1535:102, 127, 308, 320
1472:The Matsya Puranam
1057:Cattle in religion
761:
619:
522:Satapatha Brahmana
454:
444:Birth and children
363:Madeleine Biardeau
359:
315:) and "Kamaduha" (
2466:
2465:
1945:Media related to
1926:978-0-8426-0560-1
1902:978-0-8426-0822-0
1854:978-0-226-89483-6
1796:978-1-85984-424-3
1738:978-0-520-33086-3
1700:"SECTION LXXXIII"
1684:978-0-88706-862-1
1659:978-81-7017-316-8
1625:978-0-226-84664-4
1600:978-81-208-0861-4
1575:978-0-226-84663-7
1544:978-0-89281-354-4
1481:978-81-307-0533-0
1434:978-81-208-0078-6
1339:978-81-8056-373-7
1311:978-0-231-13748-5
1271:978-0-7914-3695-0
1197:978-0-226-06456-7
1188:Asian mythologies
779:Kartavirya Arjuna
546:According to the
404:and her legs the
400:and the wind-god
300:("the red one").
193:), also known as
168:
167:
16:(Redirected from
2516:
2489:Animal goddesses
2130:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1954:
1944:
1930:
1906:
1874:
1873:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1842:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1824:. London Murray.
1812:
1801:
1800:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1757:The Bhagavadgita
1753:Radhakrishan, S.
1749:
1743:
1742:
1728:The Bhagavadgita
1723:
1717:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1645:
1630:
1629:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1420:
1409:
1408:
1396:
1385:
1384:
1377:"SECTION LXXVII"
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1299:
1289:
1276:
1275:
1257:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1180:
1165:
1164:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1124:
1109:
1106:
1083:
1077:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1030:
979:Anushasana Parva
887:Anushasana Parva
848:and the king is
809:Brahmanda Purana
794:Bhagavata Purana
606:, cows, and the
579:Bhagavata Purana
560:, a daughter of
498:Anushasana Parva
469:Samudra Manthana
320:
319:
314:
313:
308:
307:
220:
214:
213:
208:
202:
201:
192:
186:
180:
70:
46:
21:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2499:Hindu goddesses
2469:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2458:Hindu mythology
2444:
2355:
2273:
2131:
2122:
1990:
1981:
1937:
1927:
1909:
1903:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1814:
1813:
1804:
1797:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1647:
1646:
1633:
1626:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1448:Aadhar, Anand.
1447:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1422:
1421:
1412:
1398:
1397:
1388:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1340:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1291:
1290:
1279:
1272:
1259:
1258:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1182:
1181:
1168:
1163:. p. 1232.
1151:
1150:
1146:
1126:
1125:
1112:
1108:Mani pp. 379–81
1107:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1049:Hinduism portal
1047:
1042:
1040:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1011:Monier-Williams
1006:
883:
836:
834:Vasishtha's cow
753:
751:Jamadagni's cow
733:
446:
351:
283:Monier Williams
271:
106:transliteration
80:
61:
56:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2522:
2520:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2484:Cattle deities
2481:
2471:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2412:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2367:
2365:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2141:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1936:
1935:External links
1933:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1916:Epic mythology
1907:
1901:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1860:
1853:
1827:
1802:
1795:
1777:
1762:
1744:
1737:
1718:
1709:
1690:
1683:
1665:
1658:
1631:
1624:
1606:
1599:
1581:
1574:
1550:
1543:
1519:
1496:
1494:Hopkins p. 173
1487:
1480:
1462:
1440:
1433:
1410:
1386:
1367:
1345:
1338:
1317:
1310:
1277:
1270:
1245:
1222:
1219:. p. 272.
1203:
1196:
1166:
1144:
1133:James Hastings
1110:
1084:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1038:
1022:
1019:
1005:
1002:
882:
879:
835:
832:
752:
749:
732:
729:
646:Bali Pratipada
631:and his lover
627:narrates that
445:
442:
367:the sacred cow
350:
347:
309:), "Kamaduh" (
270:
267:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
143:
142:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
107:
100:
99:
96:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
71:
63:
62:
55:The Cow Mother
54:
51:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2521:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2423:Bhagavad Gita
2420:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:Other deities
2276:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1984:Hindu deities
1978:
1973:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1788:
1781:
1778:
1773:
1766:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1520:
1507:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1483:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1463:
1451:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1426:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1401:"SECTION CII"
1395:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1233:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1129:"Cow (Hindu)"
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1039:
1036:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1003:
1001:
999:
998:
997:Skanda Purana
993:
988:
984:
980:
975:
973:
969:
965:
964:
963:Bhagavad Gita
958:
954:
952:
951:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
929:
924:
923:Kshira Sagara
920:
916:
912:
908:
903:
900:
899:Mount Kailash
896:
892:
888:
880:
878:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
842:
831:
829:
824:
823:
817:
815:
811:
810:
804:
802:
801:
796:
795:
790:
789:
784:
780:
776:
775:
770:
766:
757:
748:
746:
742:
738:
730:
728:
725:
721:
720:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
638:Kshira Sagara
634:
630:
626:
625:
615:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:
590:
589:
588:Matsya Purana
583:
581:
580:
575:
574:
573:Vishnu Purana
569:
568:
563:
559:
556:and his wife
555:
551:
550:
544:
542:
538:
534:
533:
528:
524:
523:
518:
514:
510:
506:
505:
500:
499:
493:
491:
490:
485:
481:
477:
476:
471:
470:
465:
461:
460:
450:
443:
441:
439:
438:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
392:(middle) and
391:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
355:
348:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
331:
326:
325:
301:
299:
295:
291:
290:
284:
280:
276:
268:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
235:
233:
229:
224:
219:
207:
196:
191:
185:
176:
172:
163:
159:
156:
153:
149:
144:
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
108:
105:
101:
97:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
69:
64:
60:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2437:
2430:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2332:Gramadevatas
2266:
2115:
1915:
1891:
1887:Mani, Vettam
1869:
1863:
1838:
1830:
1820:
1786:
1780:
1771:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1727:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1693:
1674:
1668:
1649:
1615:
1609:
1590:
1584:
1560:
1553:
1529:
1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1499:
1490:
1471:
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1443:
1424:
1404:
1380:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1348:
1329:
1295:
1261:
1236:. Retrieved
1225:
1206:
1187:
1147:
1137:
1075:
1062:Nandi (bull)
1035:India portal
1007:
995:
982:
978:
976:
971:
967:
961:
959:
955:
948:
937:Udyoga Parva
936:
932:
931:book of the
928:Udyoga Parva
926:
918:
906:
904:
890:
886:
884:
839:
837:
820:
818:
807:
805:
800:Padma Purana
798:
792:
786:
772:
762:
744:
734:
723:
722:book of the
717:
709:
707:
684:
676:
664:
650:
622:
620:
599:
593:
586:
584:
577:
571:
565:
547:
545:
540:
536:
535:book of the
532:Udyoga Parva
530:
526:
520:
516:
512:
502:
496:
494:
487:
473:
467:
457:
455:
435:
425:
410:
379:
360:
328:
322:
302:
297:
293:
287:
278:
274:
272:
236:
194:
170:
169:
43:
2416:Mahabharata
2327:Kuladevatas
2106:Vishvakarma
1512:13 November
1360:14 November
1238:13 November
1082:(in French)
983:Mahabharata
968:Mahabharata
943:, known as
933:Mahabharata
891:Mahabharata
868:, from her
850:Vishvamitra
783:Parashurama
769:Mahabharata
724:Mahabharata
665:Mahabharata
600:Mahabharata
558:Krodhavasha
537:Mahabharata
517:Kapila cows
459:Mahabharata
437:Panch Bhuta
343:Vettam Mani
324:Mahabharata
114:Affiliation
85:Other names
57:Goddess of
2473:Categories
2398:Upanishads
2317:Gandharvas
2041:Dattatreya
1880:References
1455:7 November
985:, the god
828:Dattatreya
719:Vana Parva
686:Raghuvamsa
570:, such as
480:Saptarishi
428:Dattatreya
337:, the cow
94:Devanagari
74:Batu Caves
2337:Rakshasas
2207:Mahavidya
2150:Saraswati
2137:Goddesses
2066:Kartikeya
1947:Kamadhenu
1155:(2008) .
846:Vasishtha
788:kshatriya
765:Jamadagni
745:Homadhenu
681:Vashistha
677:Kamadhenu
595:Harivamsa
527:Prajapati
504:Prajapati
464:Adi Parva
432:Vaishnava
406:Himalayas
269:Etymology
251:Jamadagni
190:Kāmadhenu
171:Kamadhenu
146:Genealogy
136:Jamadagni
109:Kāmadhenu
49:Kamadhenu
2453:Hinduism
2409:Ramayana
2351:Yakshini
2257:Shashthi
2217:Matrikas
2202:Mahadevi
2004:Trimurti
1913:(1915).
1889:(1975).
1818:(1887).
1021:See also
945:Rasatala
919:Kshiroda
907:Ramayana
866:Kambojas
841:Ramayana
737:Brahmins
710:Ramayana
691:Kalidasa
604:Brahmins
554:Kashyapa
549:Ramayana
255:Vashista
247:Kashyapa
223:Hinduism
175:Sanskrit
161:Children
155:Kashyapa
140:Vashista
104:Sanskrit
78:Malaysia
18:Kamadenu
2403:Puranas
2391:Atharva
2360:Texts (
2347:Yakshas
2342:Vahanas
2312:Dikpāla
2285:Apsaras
2237:Rukmini
2212:Matangi
2160:Parvati
2155:Lakshmi
2145:Tridevi
2071:Krishna
2051:Hanuman
2046:Ganesha
2036:Chandra
2031:Ashvins
1135:(ed.).
1004:Worship
981:of the
977:In the
972:Kamaduh
950:Dikpali
921:or the
889:of the
874:Kiratas
854:Pahlava
806:In the
774:Haihaya
708:In the
669:Bhishma
657:Nandini
629:Krishna
567:Puranas
388:(tip),
375:Prithvi
339:Nandini
335:Bhishma
318:कामदुहा
312:कामदुह्
306:कामधेनु
289:Matrika
279:Shurbhi
275:Surabhi
228:peafowl
218:Surabhī
206:Surabhi
195:Surabhi
179:कामधेनु
151:Consort
98:कामधेनु
88:Surabhi
2307:Devata
2300:Danava
2295:Daitya
2290:Asuras
2252:Shakti
2242:Sanjna
2232:Rohini
2192:Shachi
2177:Chhaya
2096:Varuna
2086:Shasta
2076:Kubera
2014:Vishnu
2009:Brahma
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1656:
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1572:
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1478:
1431:
1336:
1308:
1268:
1194:
1015:avatar
992:lingam
941:Patala
915:Patala
911:Varuna
895:Goloka
881:Abodes
862:Yavana
814:Goloka
777:king,
695:Dilipa
663:. The
653:Nirrti
642:Diwali
608:Rudras
562:Daksha
541:amrita
513:amrita
509:Daksha
484:Brahma
475:amrita
390:Vishnu
386:Brahma
298:Kapila
294:Sabala
263:Patala
259:Goloka
243:Daksha
132:Patala
128:Goloka
2386:Yajur
2371:Vedas
2222:Radha
2187:Ganga
2182:Durga
2172:Bhumi
2167:Aditi
2091:Surya
2056:Indra
2019:Shiva
1988:texts
1566:220–1
1131:. In
1068:Notes
987:Shiva
870:udder
858:Shaka
714:Indra
703:Raghu
661:nāgas
648:day.
633:Radha
421:Buraq
394:Shiva
382:Vedas
212:सुरभी
200:सुरभि
124:Abode
2439:more
2381:Sama
2362:list
2322:Gana
2268:more
2262:Sita
2247:Sati
2227:Rati
2197:Kali
2117:more
2111:Yama
2101:Vayu
2081:Rama
2061:Kama
2026:Agni
1996:Gods
1986:and
1921:ISBN
1897:ISBN
1849:ISBN
1791:ISBN
1733:ISBN
1679:ISBN
1654:ISBN
1620:ISBN
1595:ISBN
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1514:2010
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1457:2010
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960:The
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699:Rama
673:Vasu
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495:The
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456:The
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402:Vayu
398:Agni
371:Devi
327:and
138:and
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