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provides triodes at Matins on Monday through Friday: on
Mondays they consist of Odes I, VIII and IX, on Tuesdays, Odes II, VIII and IX, and so on through Friday which consists of Odes V, VIII and IX. The Saturdays of Great Lent have tetraodes, consisting of Odes VI, VII, VIII and IX. Because the use
201:, a vestigial form of which is still used on several occasions and which has been incorporated into the performance of the canon. Each canon develops a specific theme, such as repentance or honouring a particular saint. Sometimes more than one canon can be chanted together, as frequently happens at
514:
Nearly all canons have only eight odes, the second ode generally being omitted since its canticle is quite penitential and so used only on the triode of the
Tuesdays of Great Lent as well as in a few canons of an archaic style such as the aforementioned Great Canon.
418:
development. Frøyshov independently concurs based on the same evidence; "the
Ancient Iadgari proves conclusively that the kanon genre was not invented in the 7th-8th centuries" and "in all probability appeared in the 4th-5th centuries."
2012:
676:
repeated if the service books do not provide enough of them and some conjoined if there are too many. This makes the canon too lengthy for typical parish use, so fewer are sung or in
Russian practice, read.
510:
means "coming down" and the verse is so called because as originally performed the two choirs would descend from their places on the left and right sides of the church to sing it together in the middle.)
1218:
827:, and since it is now expected that large portions of the canon will be read rather than sung. Although some newer canons also contain acrostics, they are less frequent than they once were.
301:
1179:
719:, during which a full canon is still chanted. Canons may also be used in private prayer either as a regular part of a rule or for special needs. One traditional prayerful
823:
This structure is now generally lacking in more recently composed canons, especially when the canons are composed in languages other than Greek to some setting other than
1211:
1027:
747:. In both of these types of canons, the last two odes are always the VIIIth and IXth. The preceding odes may vary with the day of the week. For instance, during
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1540:
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For clarity, this article will use the term "canticle" to refer to the original biblical text, and "ode" to refer to the composed liturgical hymns.
731:
the evening prior. When used privately there is generally no attempt at an elaborated musical or metrical performance, and may be read silently.
403:
20th century scholarship generally agreed that the canon was invented in the late 7th century by Andrew of Crete, a view supported by prominent
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756:
of triodes is so prevalent during Great Lent, the book containing the changeable portions of services that liturgical season is called the
414:, Stephen Shoemaker demonstrates that this form of hymn was already in place by the early 5th century, challenging the prevailing model of
444:. An ode of the canon is begun by singing the Biblical canticle from its beginning. At some point, this is interrupted by an introductory
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Because a canon is composed of nine odes, it can be conveniently divided into three sections. Between Ode III and Ode IV, a
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of the canons. Nowadays, however, the canticles are only sung in large monasteries or, in
Russian practice, with the
1094:
1031:
709:. In Russian practice for the latter cases the canon is often vestigial, consisting of no more than a selection of
456:("link"), which poetically connects the theme of the biblical canticle to the subject of the canon. Following the
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252:
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as well if it was composed at the same time. The meter and acrostic would be given along with the canon's title.
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Various collections of canons can also be found, as well as publications of individual canons in pamphlet form.
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used by
Orthodox churches, where they are often printed with markings to indicate where to begin inserting the
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compositions, the irmos and troparia would by design be of the same meter and so could use the same melody.
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is determined by local usage. Theoretically, each ode has fourteen (or occasionally sixteen), with some
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has a brief refrain, determined by the subject matter of the canon, replacing the verse of canticle.
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The typical order for a full canon, as currently, in most places, chanted at matins is as follows:
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and sung alternately with the subsequent verses of the
Biblical canticle are a series of hymns (
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As detailed above, the
Biblical canticles are now rarely used, each ode beginning with the
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The roots of this type of hymn go as far back as the 5th century, reaching maturity in the
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even though it contains no triodes. Triodes and tetraodes are also found during certain
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Sometimes abbreviated canons are used. A canon consisting of only four odes is called a
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The Order of Divine
Services according to the usage of the Russian Orthodox Church
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1139:(2nd ed. 2nd printing with corrections). Jordanville: Holy Trinity Monastery.
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The first
Christian hymnal : the songs of the ancient Jerusalem church
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each ode must comprise an individual composition. However, in the original
556:
is to be chanted in conjunction with a canon, it is inserted after Ode VI.
1187:
with notes, an example of a canon giving both original meter and acrostic.
2013:
Museum of Ancient Greek, Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Musical Instruments
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of the last canon when more than one canon is being sung together, the
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1121:. Morosan, Vladimir (tr.). Crestwood: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.
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with refrains and doxology. The Greek equivalent of a Moleben is the
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or "sitting hymn" is sung. Between Ode VI and Ode VII, a vestigal
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998:. Stephen J. Shoemaker. Provo, Utah. 2018. pp. xxxii–xxxiv.
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used throughout the year, and in the seasonal service books the
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These biblical canticles are normally found in the back of the
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As with all other Orthodox church music, a canon is sung by a
36:
27:
Structured hymn used in a number of Eastern Orthodox services
853:, one of the standard service books of the Orthodox Church.
847:
for various occasions are found gathered together in the
796:, and so although all the music is performed in the same
504:, or some other verse prescribed by the service books. (
1146:(reprint). South Canaan: St. Tikhon's Seminary Press.
174:. It was further developed in the 8th century by Sts.
808:
would often be present as well, read down a canon's
743:; a canon consisting of only three odes is called a
1985:
1949:
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1105:(2nd ed.). Liberty: Saint John of Kronstadt Press.
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1160:(1987). Boston: Holy Transfiguration Monastery.
1070:The Septuagint with Apocrypha: Greek and English
1047:"[Hymnography of the] Rite of Jerusalem"
244:) (Note: this is sung only on Tuesdays in Lent)
1534:
1212:
1142:Mother Mary and Ware, Kallistos (Tr.)(1998).
8:
1101:Fekula, Peter and Williams, Matthew (1997).
961:A history of byzantine music and hymnography
701:and those of similar structure such as the
468:), set in the same melody and meter as the
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1519:
1219:
1205:
1197:
1026:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
170:is still used on certain occasions during
410:Egon Wellesz. Via his translation of the
311:The Song of the Three Holy Children (The
87:Learn how and when to remove this message
193:Over time the canon came to replace the
50:This article includes a list of general
950:
930:
792:The Biblical odes are not identical in
1180:The Great Canon of St. Andrew of Crete
1019:
697:; and at special services such as the
143:, but the final ode is taken from the
1158:Psalter According to the Seventy, The
964:. Clarendon Press. pp. 198–204.
766:, for arcane historical reasons, the
7:
482:. This might be a repetition of the
1072:(reprint). Hendrickson Publishers.
1068:Brenton, Sir Lancelot C.L. (1986).
637:, save for the ninth ode where the
538:, or initial stanza, and the first
1263:List of New Testament lectionaries
1051:Canterbury Dictionary of Hymnology
361:*These odes are found only in the
56:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1135:Rassaphore monk Laurence (1997).
302:Prayer of the Three Holy Children
247:The Prayer of Anna the mother of
213:The nine biblical canticles are:
182:, and in the 9th century by Sts.
139:. Most of these are found in the
2043:
2042:
1684:
1503:
1119:Russian Church Singing, Volume 1
685:Canons are used most notably at
365:. Verse numberings according to
41:
727:is to read three canons and an
693:for Sunday; at Great and Small
131:services. It consists of nine
1089:. Retrieved December 31, 2005.
814:, and sometimes involving the
209:Biblical canticles and origins
1:
1451:Idiomela, Avtomela, Prosomoia
1185:The Iambic Canon of Pentecost
1098:. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
1092:Archimandrite Ephrem (2005).
500:of the canon for an upcoming
2025:School of Ecclesiastic Music
1137:The Unabbreviated Horologion
1117:Gardner, Johann von (1980).
788:Poetic and musical structure
412:Jerusalem Georgian Chantbook
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721:preparation for reception
400:on the weekdays of Lent.
108:
1086:Orthodox Byzantine Music
162:through the work of St.
135:, based on the Biblical
30:Not to be confused with
2079:Eastern Christian hymns
1613:Joseph the Hymnographer
1510:Christianity portal
1045:Frøyshov, Stig Simeon.
764:Russian Orthodox Church
184:Joseph the Hymnographer
71:more precise citations.
1977:Thrasyvoulos Stanitsas
1850:Hagiopolitan Octoechos
1845:Neobyzantine Octoechos
1603:Theophanes the Branded
958:Wellesz, Egon (1961).
532:is sung with only its
188:Theophanes the Branded
2008:Monastery of Stoudios
1957:Greek Byzantine Choir
1030:) CS1 maint: others (
369:, which differs from
2089:Liturgy of the Hours
2037:*also music theorist
1972:Konstantinos Pringos
1818:72 equal temperament
1618:Joseph the Confessor
1598:Theodore the Studite
1573:Romanos the Melodist
1193:with extensive notes
664:The total number of
335:) and the Prayer of
166:, whose penitential
127:used in a number of
1593:Stephen the Sabaite
868:) are found in the
242:Deuteronomy 32:1–43
180:Cosmas of Jerusalem
1967:Iakovos Nafpliotis
1962:Nikodimos Kabarnos
1921:Solon Hadjisolomos
1676:Janus Plousiadenos
1633:Nikephoros Ethikos
1144:The Festal Menaion
735:Abbreviated canons
689:, but also at the
627:Modern arrangement
339:the father of the
315:, Daniel 3:57-88)*
123:) is a structured
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2019:Only-begotten Son
1936:Miloš Velimirović
1855:Papadic Octoechos
1727:Paschal troparion
1706:George Pachymeres
1669:Manuel Chrysaphes
1559:List of composers
1516:
1515:
1334:Canon of the Odes
1191:The Paschal Canon
1005:978-1-944394-68-4
856:Complete canons (
416:Byzantine musical
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149:Song of Zechariah
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32:Canon (music)
19:
2017:
1998:Protopsaltes
1941:Egon Wellesz
1860:Nana (echos)
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1424:Sticherarion
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219:Ode of Moses
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100:
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77:October 2021
74:
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1993:Akolouthiai
1888:Cretan lyra
1876:Instruments
1658:John Kladas
1491:Euchologion
1477:Anthologion
1410:Apolytikion
1389:Paraklētikē
1362:Kontakarion
1257:Gospel Book
862:with their
782:Afterfeasts
423:Performance
238:Deuteronomy
232:The Ode of
168:Great Canon
69:introducing
2063:Categories
1950:Performers
1775:Koinonikon
1758:Cherubikon
1484:HĹŤrologion
1456:Doxastikon
1405:Theotokion
1400:Dogmatikon
1347:Menologion
1304:Sinaiticum
1281:Anabathmoi
1243:Lectionary
1014:1047578356
945:References
886:Horologion
850:Irmologion
778:Forefeasts
749:Great Lent
717:Paraklesis
699:Paraklesis
640:Magnificat
610:Magnificat
598:Synaxarion
448:called an
438:a cappella
363:Septuagint
346:Benedictus
341:Forerunner
325:Magnificat
313:Benedicite
172:Great Lent
145:Magnificat
52:references
1833:Octoechos
1797:Sticheron
1792:Troparion
1780:Kontakion
1748:Aposticha
1732:Octoechos
1694:Theorists
1566:Composers
1395:Troparion
1286:Polyeleos
1022:cite book
980:913488612
879:Octoechos
844:katabasia
806:Acrostics
762:. In the
725:Eucharist
712:katabasia
703:Panichida
658:troparion
535:prooimion
528:kontakion
507:Katabasia
478:katabasia
405:Byzantine
337:Zacharias
320:Theotokos
308:3:26-56)*
197:kontakion
151:from the
137:canticles
114:romanized
2048:Category
1909:Scholars
1895:Thaboura
1785:Akathist
1768:Kathisma
1438:TriĹŤdion
1368:Akathist
1296:Psalters
1276:Kathisma
913:See also
898:and the
894:Triodion
865:troparia
811:troparia
759:Triodion
741:tetraode
729:akathist
695:Compline
673:troparia
667:troparia
606:Ode VIII
554:akathist
552:. If an
465:troparia
393:troparia
264:Habakkuk
260:Habakkuk
1986:Related
1900:Organon
1813:Petasti
1720:Liturgy
1470:Typikon
1431:MÄ“naion
1329:Heirmos
1300:Chludov
872:Menaion
723:of the
707:Moleben
655:, each
603:Ode VII
566:Ode III
548:strophe
521:sedalen
382:Psalter
371:Brenton
367:Psalter
333:1:46–55
281:26:9–20
116::
65:improve
1838:Nenano
1806:Theory
1608:Kassia
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1095:Canons
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968:
751:, the
745:triode
687:Matins
614:Ode IX
585:Ode VI
579:Ode IV
488:, the
446:stanza
433:cantor
398:triode
306:Daniel
295:2:3–10
278:Isaiah
274:Isaiah
267:3:2–19
249:Samuel
223:Exodus
203:Matins
54:, but
1828:Echos
1753:Canon
1741:Forms
1312:Tomić
1308:Sofia
925:Notes
859:irmoi
838:irmoi
831:Texts
817:irmos
802:Greek
794:meter
681:Usage
652:irmos
646:irmos
634:irmos
582:Ode V
563:Ode I
541:oikos
497:irmos
491:irmos
485:irmos
471:irmos
459:irmos
452:irmos
442:chant
429:choir
387:irmos
343:(The
322:(The
292:Jonah
288:Jonah
234:Moses
120:kanĹŤn
109:κανών
105:Greek
101:canon
1867:Ison
1316:Kiev
1162:ISBN
1148:ISBN
1123:ISBN
1107:ISBN
1074:ISBN
1032:link
1028:link
1010:OCLC
1000:ISBN
976:OCLC
966:ISBN
882:and
841:and
835:The
798:mode
780:and
705:and
390:and
330:Luke
300:The
217:The
186:and
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147:and
133:odes
125:hymn
544:or
435:in
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221:in
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