1140:: "In Hipparchus's house there was a specially decorated room and a cross was painted on the east wall of it. There before the image of the cross, they used to pray seven times a day ... with their faces turned to the east." It is easy to see the importance of this passage when you compare it with what Origen says. The custom of turning towards the rising sun when praying had been replaced by the habit of turning towards the east wall. This we find in Origen. From the other passage we see that a cross had been painted on the wall to show which was the east. Hence the origin of the practice of hanging crucifixes on the walls of the private rooms in Christian houses. We know too that signs were put up in the Jewish synagogues to show the direction of Jerusalem, because the Jews turned that way when they said their prayers. The question of the proper way to face for prayer has always been of great importance in the East. It is worth remembering that Mohammedans pray with their faces turned towards Mecca and that one reason for the condemnation of Al Hallaj, the Mohammedan martyr, was that he refused to conform to this practice.
1234:
prayer times in the evening, at midnight and in the morning. As a result seven 'hours of prayer' emerged, which later became the monastic 'hours' and are still treated as 'standard' prayer times in many churches today. They are roughly equivalent to midnight, 6 a.m., 9 a.m., noon, 3 p.m., 6 p.m. and 9 p.m. Prayer positions included prostration, kneeling and standing. ... Crosses made of wood or stone, or painted on walls or laid out as mosaics, were also in use, at first not directly as objections of veneration but in order to 'orientate' the direction of prayer (i.e. towards the east, Latin
610:
distribution among the days of the week, the longer psalms were divided into shorter portions, as only the very long Psalm 118/119 had been previously. Matins no longer had 18 psalms on
Sundays, 12 on ordinary days and 9 on the more important feasts: on every day it had 9 psalms, either distributed among three nocturns or recited all together, maintaining the distinction between celebrations as three nocturns with nine readings (including Sundays) and those arranged as a single nocturn with only three readings.
34:
986:
Armenian counterpart includes readings from the Gospel, as well as cycles of psalms and prayers reflecting the liturgical season or feast. Other material in the
Byzantine office of Matins which has a counterpart in the Armenian daily office, such as the recitation of large sections of the Psalter and the recitation of biblical canticles, occurs in the Armenian liturgy at the Sunrise Hour which follows Matins, corresponding to Lauds.
1205:
designated for prayer from the earliest days of the church. Peter prayed at the sixth hour, i.e. at noon (Acts 10:9). The ninth hour is called the "hour of prayer" (Acts 3:1). This was the hour when
Cornelius prayed even as a "God-fearer" attached to the Jewish community, i.e. before his conversion to Christianity. it was also the hour of Jesus' final prayer (Matt. 27:46, Mark 15:34, Luke 22:44-46).
1634:
2779:
233:. For soldiers, this word meant a three-hour period of being on the watch during the night. Even for civilians, night was commonly spoken of as divided into four such watches: the Gospels use the term when recounting how, at about "the fourth watch of the night", Jesus came to his disciples who in their boat were struggling to make headway against the wind, and one of the
361:
vigil became a liturgy only from cockcrow to before dawn. Saint
Benedict wrote about it as beginning at about 2 in the morning ("the eighth hour of the night") and ending in winter well before dawn (leaving an interval in which the monks were to devote themselves to study or meditation), but having to be curtailed in summer in order to celebrate lauds at daybreak.
399:
nature". The vigil office was also shortened in the summer months by replacing readings with a passage of scripture recited by heart, but keeping the same number of psalms. Both in summer and in winter the vigil office was longer than on other days, with more reading and the recitation of canticles in addition to the psalms.
749:, with their complex and varied display of processions, psalmodies, etc. The same liturgy also preserved vigils of long psalmody. This nocturnal office adapted itself at a later period to a more modern form, approaching more and more closely to the Roman liturgy. Here too were found the three nocturns, with
360:
The quotation from
Tertullian above refers to the all-night vigil liturgy held at Easter. A similar liturgy came to be held in the night that led to any Sunday. By the fourth century this Sunday vigil had become a daily observance, but no longer lasted throughout the night. What had been an all-night
398:
Between the vigil office and the dawn office in the long winter nights there was an interval, which "should be spent in study by those who need a better knowledge of the
Psalter or the lessons"; in the summer nights the interval was short, only enough for the monks to "go out for the necessities of
208:
instructed
Christians to pray seven times a day "on rising, at the lighting of the evening lamp, at bedtime, at midnight" and "the third, sixth and ninth hours of the day, being hours associated with Christ's Passion." With respect to praying in the early morning, Hippolytus wrote: "Likewise, at the
1233:
Not only the content of early
Christian prayer was rooted in Jewish tradition; its daily structure too initially followed a Jewish pattern, with prayer times in the early morning, at noon and in the evening. Later (in the course of the second century), this pattern combined with another one; namely
1204:
Clement of
Alexandria noted that "some fix hours for prayer, such as the third, sixth and ninth" (Stromata 7:7). Tertullian commends these hours, because of their importance (see below) in the New Testament and because their number recalls the Trinity (De Oratione 25). These hours indeed appear as
764:
uses for what once called matins either the designation "the part of matins that precedes lLauds in the strict sense" or simply Office of
Readings. Its structure is similar to that of the Roman Liturgy of the Hours, with variations such as having on Sundays three canticles, on Saturdays a canticle
402:
Outside monasteries few rose at night to pray. The canonical hour of the vigil was said in the morning, followed immediately by lauds, and the name of "matins" became attached to the lengthier part of what was recited at that time of the day, while the name of "lauds", a name originally describing
924:
Much of the liturgy consists of the kanon (Armenian: Կանոնագլուխ ""kanonagloukh""), consisting of a sequence of psalms, hymns, prayers, and in some instances readings from the Gospels, varying according to tone of the day, feast, or liturgical season. The Armenian kanon is quite different in form
579:
The psalms used at matins in the Roman Breviary from Sunday to Saturday were Psalms 1−108/109 in consecutive order, omitting a few that were reserved for other canonical hours: Psalms 4, 5, 21/22−25/26, 41/42, 50/51, 53/54, 62/63, 66/67, 89/90−92/93. The consecutive order was not observed for the
985:
The Armenian Matins or Midnight Office bears some resemblance with the Midnight office of the Byzantine Rite, such as the recitation of a movable set of hymns depending on the feast. However, the Armenian Midnight Office is generally more elaborate than the Byzantine Midnight Office, in that the
609:
called "a new Breviary". The reservation of Psalms 1-108/109 to matins and the consecutive order within that group were abandoned, and, apart from the invitatory psalm, which continued in its place at matins every day, no psalm was ordinarily repeated within the same week. To facilitate an even
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directed that Christians should pray seven times a day - on rising, at the lighting of the evening lamp, at bedtime, at midnight, and also, if at home, at the third, sixth and ninth hours of the day, being hours associated with Christ's Passion. Prayers at the third, sixth, and ninth hours are
649:
and was declared appropriate for celebrating at any hour, while preserving its nocturnal character for those who wished to celebrate a vigil. For that purpose alternative hymns are provided and an appendix contains material, in particular canticles and readings from the Gospels, to facilitate
642:, in which the psalms were arranged in a four-week instead of a one-week cycle, but the variety of other texts was greatly increased, in particular the scriptural and patristic readings, while the hagiographical readings were purged of non-historical legendary content.
920:
In the Armenian liturgy of the hours, Matins is known as the Midnight Office (Armenian: ի մեջ գիշերի ""i mej gisheri""). The Armenian Book of Hours, or Zhamagirk` (Armenian: Ժամագիրք) states that the Midnight Office is celebrated in commemoration of God the Father.
670:(but not from the Gospels), and the second being patristic, hagiographical, or magisterial. As already mentioned, a Gospel reading may optionally be added, preceded by vigil canticles, in order to celebrate a vigil. These are given in an appendix of the book of the
617:
entrusted examination of the whole question of the Breviary to a commission which conducted a worldwide consultation of the Catholic bishops. He authorized recitation of the psalms in a new Latin translation and in 1955 ordered a simplification of the rubrics.
677:
To those who find it seriously difficult, because of their advanced age or for reasons peculiar to them, to observe the revised Liturgy of the Hours Pope Paul VI gave permission to keep using the previous Roman Breviary either in whole or in part. In 2007
1107:
We are commanded to pray standing, with faces towards the East, for at the last Messiah is manifested in the East. 2. All Christians, on rising from sleep early in the morning, should wash the face and pray. 3. We are commanded to pray seven times,
2040:
261:
English versions of this document often obscure its use of the term vigil, translating it as "Night Hour" or "Night Office". Thus Leonard J. Doyle's English version uses "Night Office" to represent indifferently the unaccompanied noun
506:
On Sundays, the office was longer, and therefore began a little earlier. Each set of six psalms was followed by four readings instead of three after the first set and a single recitation by heart after the second set. Then three
1085:
The seven hours of prayer create a cycle that provides us with a foretaste of the eternal life we will spend in the presence of God worshipping Him. ... We pray standing upright while facing East as we collect our thoughts on
871:, the "king of kings"; in former times, the ektenia (litany) also mentioned the emperor by name. The Sunday orthros is the longest of the regular orthros liturgies. If celebrated in its entirety it can last up to three hours.
209:
hour of the cock-crow, rise and pray. Because at this hour, with the cock-crow, the children of Israel refused Christ, who we know through faith, hoping daily in the hope of eternal light in the resurrection of the dead."
2033:
469:). The invitatory was to be recited slowly out of consideration for any late-arriving monk, since anyone appearing after its conclusion was punished by having to stand in a place apart. After this a hymn was sung.
1103:
The Indian Christians of St. Thomas: Otherwise Called the Syrian Christians of Malabar: a Sketch of Their History and an Account of Their Present Condition as Well as a Discussion of the Legend of St. Thomas
2026:
665:
The psalmody of the Office of Readings consists of three psalms or portions of psalms, each with its own antiphon. These are followed by two extended readings with their responsories, the first from the
1176:
similarly mentioned by Tertullian, Cyprian, Clement of Alexandria and Origen, and must have been very widely practised. These prayers were commonly associated with private Bible reading in the family.
538:
that could show they had been in continuous use for at least two hundred years) by Pope Pius V in 1568, matins and lauds were seen as a single canonical hour, with lauds as an appendage to matins.
658:, which, "since it is not a liturgical day, is celebrated in its own way, as a night watch". The Roman liturgy now uses the term vigil either in this sense of "a night watch" or with regard to a
91:, Matins is also called “the Office of Readings”, which includes several psalms, a chapter of a book of Scripture (assigned according to the liturgical seasons), and a reading from the works of
385:, meaning 'of or belonging to the morning'. It was at first applied to the psalms recited at dawn, but later became attached to the prayer originally offered, according to the fourth-century
315:– 258) also speaks of praying at night, but not of doing so as a group: "Let there be no failure of prayers in the hours of night — no idle and reckless waste of the occasions of prayer" (
503:
Since summer nights are shorter, from Easter to October a single passage from the Old Testament, recited by heart, took the place of the three readings used during the rest of the year.
2542:
332:
in about 112 that Christians gathered on a certain day before light, sang hymns to Christ as to a god and shared a meal. The solemn celebration of vigils in the churches of
2483:
2053:
1080:
1055:
1902:
979:. Following the Psalms and the Canticle is the Canon, a complex sequence of psalms, hymns, and prayers which varies in part according to the liturgical calendar.
699:
2097:
1254:
569:
1988:
602:
404:
1815:
957:“Lord, have mercy” (variable number of times: thrice for Sundays and feasts of Christ, 50 times for the feasts of saints, 100 times on days of fasting)
829:, and midnight office. In traditional monasteries it is celebrated daily so as to end at sunrise. In parishes it is normally served only on Sundays and
2128:
1996:
631:, which assigned nine-readings matins only to first-class and second-class feasts and therefore reduced the readings of Sunday matins to three.
1916:
1582:
2138:
2133:
1226:
1197:
1164:
1129:
925:
from the canon of the Byzantine matins liturgy, though both likely share a common ancestor in the pre-dawn worship of the Jerusalem liturgy.
1540:
2817:
2285:
650:
celebration of a vigil. The Catholic Church has thus restored to the word vigil the meaning it had in early Christianity. Pope John XIII's
1402:
2082:
511:
taken from Old Testament books other than the Psalms were recited, followed by four readings from the New Testament, the singing of the
2102:
776:, on the contrary, Matins is a system of antiphons, collects, and versicles which make them quite a departure from the Roman system.
2069:
2049:
1522:
1556:
2087:
901:
695:
159:
1683:
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1644:
329:
27:
753:, psalms, lessons, and responses, the ordinary elements of the Roman matins, and with a few special features quite Ambrosian.
2571:
155:
1741:
2807:
445:
also took on a different meaning: not only a prayerful night watch before a religious feast, but the day before a feast.
2392:
1799:
719:
325:
speaks of prayer at midnight and again at cockcrow, but seemingly as private, not communal, prayer. At an earlier date,
1364:
2155:
1875:
1152:
545:
Psalm 94 (Psalm 95 in the Masoretic text) chanted or recited in the responsorial form, that is to say, by one or more
237:
says to the Lord: "A thousand years in your sight are but as yesterday when it is past, or as a watch in the night."
1939:
1928:
2426:
1536:"Offer up your prayers in the morning, at the third hour, the sixth, the ninth, the evening, and at cock-crowing" (
863:
Matins opens with what is called the "Royal Beginning", so called because the psalms (19 and 20) are attributed to
496:
recited by heart and by some prayers. The Night Office then concluded with a versicle and a litany that began with
963:“Lord, have mercy” (thrice). “Through the intercession of the Birthgiver of God: Remember, Lord, and have mercy.”
2812:
2704:
2077:
1020:
564:"), the first with 12 psalms and 3 very short scriptural readings; the second with 3 psalms and 3 equally short
2711:
893:
419:(morning hymns). An early instance of the application of the named "matins" to the vigil office is that of the
75:. Outside of monasteries, it was generally recited at other times of the day, often in conjunction with lauds.
1051:
654:
still used the word vigil to mean the day before a feast, but recognized the quite different character of the
1864:
1327:
765:
and two psalms, in place of the three psalms of the other days in the Ambrosian Rite and of every day in the
2471:
933:
Introduction (common to all liturgical hours): "Blessed is our Lord Jesus Christ. Amen. Our father...Amen."
897:
691:
387:
20:
1952:
411:), was applied to the whole of that office, substituting for the lost name of "matins" or variants such as
2783:
2499:
2018:
1782:
1391:
975:
At this point a section of the Psalter is read, followed by a canticle from the Old or New Testament. See
889:
885:
757:
735:
690:
issued under Pope John XXIII (but not earlier editions such as that of Pius X or Pius V). This is done by
242:
1829:
1593:
403:
only the three Psalms 148−150 recited every day at the end of the dawn office (until excised in the 1911
1878:
The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Catholic Catechism: The Core Teachings of Catholicism in Plain English
1649:
1030:
565:
171:
136:
121:
88:
250:("vigils") fifteen times to speak of these celebrations, accompanying it four times with the adjective
1342:
2802:
2466:
2387:
2307:
2199:
2177:
2092:
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The Liturgy of the Hours in East and West: The Origins of the Divine Office and Its Meaning for Today
995:
761:
671:
639:
535:
420:
84:
1432:
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2008:
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954:
Proclamation by John Mandakuni “Having all been awakened in the night from the repose of sleep...”
853:
849:
395:, at could be calculated to be the eighth hour of the night (the hour that began at about 2 a.m.).
321:
200:
175:
167:
1744:
On the Roman Breviary as embodying the substance of the devotional services of the Church Catholic
1567:
1443:
1537:
1250:
951:
Hymn of the Night Liturgy by Nerses Shnorhali: “Let us remember your name in the night, Lord...”
205:
195:
179:
140:
139:, Matins, occasionally spelled Mattins, combines the hours of Matins and Lauds as established by
67:
from about two hours after midnight to, at latest, the dawn, the time for the canonical hour of
457:"Lord, open our lips: And we shall praise your name" (the latter said three times) followed by
33:
19:
This article is about liturgy in Western and Eastern Christian traditions. For other uses, see
2759:
1222:
1193:
1160:
1125:
679:
568:
readings; and the third with 3 psalms and 3 short extracts from a homily. Matins of feasts of
346:
326:
53:
1663:
1637: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
71:(a practice still followed in certain orders). It was divided into two or (on Sundays) three
2754:
2737:
2722:
2579:
2409:
2295:
2057:
1317:
905:
856:(an eight-tone cycle of hymns for each day of the week, covering eight weeks), and from the
796:
711:
338:
2732:
2647:
2604:
2594:
2589:
2547:
2537:
2458:
2322:
2237:
2219:
2194:
2061:
1544:
1368:
1015:
1000:
818:
627:
622:
601:
Matins underwent profound changes in the 20th century. The first of these changes was the
546:
111:
103:
60:
942:
Acclamation: “Blessed is the consubstantial, unitary, and undivided Holy Trinity...Amen.
714:
gives us a description, the vigils on Sundays terminated with the solemn reading of the
472:
Next came two sets of six psalms followed by readings. (Such sets would later be called
143:
in Roman Catholicism and observed in England until the Reformation, most grandly in the
2749:
2742:
2629:
2599:
2584:
2527:
2517:
2350:
2123:
804:
773:
742:
659:
485:
357:, too, prayer at any time of the night was seen as having eschatological significance.
354:
350:
223:
99:
49:
1982:
281:
The practice of rising for prayer in the middle of the night is as old as the Church.
2796:
2727:
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2522:
2340:
2166:
2002:
1638:
1417:
1025:
976:
614:
497:
481:
477:
129:
59:
The earliest use of the term was in reference to the canonical hour, also called the
576:
or a vigil day, matins had 12 psalms and 3 readings with no division into nocturns.
2652:
2624:
2554:
2494:
2448:
2443:
2431:
2150:
2145:
1694:
1483:
1323:
683:
655:
635:
606:
531:
493:
300:) of Christians and their "absence all the night long at the paschal solemnities" (
191:
144:
1768:
645:
What had previously been called matins was given the name of "Office of Readings"
515:, and a reading by the abbot from the Gospels, after which another hymn was sung.
317:
nulla sint horis nocturnis precum damna, nulla orationum pigra et ignava dispendia
2684:
2677:
2670:
2657:
2642:
2637:
2399:
2367:
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2172:
1343:
Benedictine Monks of Buckfast Abbey, "Divine Office: Matins — Prayer at Night",
723:
662:
celebrated in the evening before a feast, not before the hour of First Vespers.
572:
had 3 nocturns, each with 3 psalms and 3 readings. On a feast of simple rank, a
117:
2778:
1304:
848:. The sequences (variable parts) of matins are composed primarily of hymns and
178:
by all members in these denominations, both clergy and laity, being one of the
2532:
2404:
2382:
2377:
2312:
2182:
1383:
864:
830:
766:
727:
584:
542:
489:
466:
282:
1624:
2559:
1357:
836:
Matins is the longest and most complex of the daily cycle of liturgies. The
730:
this custom, so ancient and so solemn, was no longer represented but by the
435:
333:
92:
945:
Psalms, Hebrew numbering in parentheses: 3, 88 (87), 103 (102), 143 (142)
2013:
880:
Syriac Orthodox Church, Indian Orthodox Church and Mar Thoma Syrian Church
438::62, "At midnight I rise to praise you, because of your righteous rules".
2345:
2280:
2263:
2249:
2160:
1010:
939:“Lord, if you open my lips, my mouth shall declare your praise.” (twice)
826:
750:
745:, better perhaps than any other, preserved traces of the great vigils or
561:
508:
473:
462:
454:
148:
72:
821:(Оўтреня). It is the last of the four night offices, which also include
434:
clearly distinguished matins as the nighttime hour, to which he applied
2416:
2372:
2300:
2243:
1005:
909:
868:
857:
845:
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repeated as a response to the successive verses sung by the cantors. A
512:
476:.) The first set was of six psalms followed by three readings from the
458:
345:
Prayer at midnight and at cockcrow was associated with passages in the
305:
107:
966:
Hymn of Nerses Shnorhali: “The rising of the sun... (Aṛawowt lowsoy)”
26:"Morning Office" redirects here. For other religious observances, see
2438:
2421:
2330:
2255:
1081:
Diocese of South-West America of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
1056:
Diocese of South-West America of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
841:
731:
715:
234:
541:
Its matins began, as in the monastic matins, with versicles and the
226:
that later became known as matins was at first called a vigil, from
1282:
580:
invitatory psalms, recited every day, and in the matins of feasts.
2225:
2213:
1293:
667:
550:
492:. The second set of six psalms was followed by a passage from the
408:
376:
227:
125:
68:
32:
2231:
1347:, pp.361-367, Joseph F. Wagner, Inc., New York, NY, January 1925
1278:
960:
Hymn of Nerses Shnorhali: “All the world... (Ashkharh amenayn)”
722:. This practice of reading the Gospel has been preserved in the
554:
64:
2022:
1786:(Dessain 1861), as an example of a volume of the Roman Breviary
710:
In the office of the Church of Jerusalem, of which the pilgrim
147:. It is one of the two daily times for prayer, the other being
1981:
808:
972:
Blessed is our Lord Jesus Christ. Amen. Alleluia, alleluia.
904:
denomination), the Midnight Office is known as Sapro and is
560:
After that introduction, Sunday matins had three sections ("
102:, these vigils correspond to the aggregate comprising the
1484:
Lallou, William J. "Introduction to the Roman Breviary",
2014:
The Office of Readings for today's date (Roman Catholic)
1893:, editio typica altera, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2000
1052:""Seven Times a Day I Praise You" – The Shehimo Prayers"
840:(fixed portion of the liturgy) is composed primarily of
686:
to fulfil their canonical obligations by using the 1961
56:, originally sung during the darkness of early morning.
258:("of the seven nights", i.e., the nights of the week).
151:, which combines St. Benedict's Vespers and Compline.
1929:
Ambrosian liturgy of the hours in latin: Introduction
587:, except the last one, when this was followed by the
37:
A Byzantine Rite priest during matins on Good Friday.
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it has been restored for the celebration of vigils.
2703:
2617:
2570:
2510:
2493:
2482:
2457:
2321:
2273:
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2116:
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1940:
Ambrosian Liturgy of the Hours in latin: chapter II
1917:
The General Instruction of the Liturgy of the Hours
1958:. St. Thomas Malankara Orthodox Church. p. 31
1800:List of psalms in the Pius V and the Pius X matins
1653:. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
530:, use of which was made obligatory throughout the
391:, at cockcrow and, according to the sixth-century
132:denominations to describe any morning service.
162:, the office is prayed at 6 am, being known as
1795:
1793:
1096:
1094:
948:“Glory to the Father...now and always...Amen”
929:Basic outline of Matins in the Armenian Church
2034:
700:Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest
8:
860:(hymns for each calendar day of the year).
603:reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X
405:reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X
380:
2567:
2507:
2490:
2041:
2027:
2019:
813:, meaning "early dawn" or "daybreak") and
296:) speaks of the "nocturnal convocations" (
128:, but "Matins" is sometimes used in other
2129:Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts
1811:
1809:
1807:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1260:. St. John's Episcopal Church. p. 16
1124:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 29.
1190:The Syriac Version of the Old Testament
1042:
1876:David I. Fulton, Mary DeTurris Poust,
1596:Commentary on the Rule of St. Benedict
1570:Commentary on the Rule of St. Benedict
336:in the early 380s is described in the
254:("nocturnal") and once with the words
2139:Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom
2134:Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great
1992:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1911.
63:, which was originally celebrated by
7:
2286:Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament
1891:Liturgia Horarum iuxta ritum Romanum
1219:The Early Church: History and Memory
174:traditions; it is prayed facing the
1136:Peterson quotes a passage from the
270:("nightly vigil"), and the phrases
16:Canonical hour of Christian liturgy
1953:"My Life in Heaven & on Earth"
1538:Constitutions of the Holy Apostles
1407:(Liturgical Press 1986), pp. 25–26
1330:Rule of St. Benedict: A Commentary
1319:St Benedict's Rule for Monasteries
534:(with exceptions for forms of the
453:The canonical hour began with the
14:
1746:(Tracts for the Times, 75), p. 19
1647:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1217:Lössl, Josef (17 February 2010).
1138:Acts of Hipparchus and Philotheus
1101:Richards, William Joseph (1908).
982:Conclusion: "Our father...Amen."
488:. Each reading was followed by a
2777:
1999:Greek Orthodox Church in America
1632:
696:Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter
638:published a revised form of the
160:Oriental Protestant Christianity
2009:Byzantine Catholic Daily Prayer
1488:, Benziger Brothers, Inc., 1950
1188:Weitzman, M. P. (7 July 2005).
583:Each reading was followed by a
302:sollemnibus Paschae abnoctantes
122:recognizably traditional Matins
28:Morning Prayer (disambiguation)
1221:. A&C Black. p. 135.
1192:. Cambridge University Press.
1077:Shehimo: Book of Common Prayer
156:Oriental Orthodox Christianity
1:
2005:Russian Orthodox (in English)
1830:1960 Code of Rubrics, 161−163
1608:Rule of Saint Benedict, 10−11
1598:(Wipf and Stock 1922), p. 157
1572:(Wipf and Stock 1922), p. 141
1345:Homiletic and Pastoral Review
549:singing one verse, which the
309:
286:
2393:Divine Worship: Daily Office
1770:Rubricae Generales Breviarii
1757:Rubricae Generales Breviarii
1625:Fernand Cabrol, "Matins" in
720:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
176:eastward direction of prayer
2818:Eastern Christian liturgies
1684:Oxford English Dictionaries
726:liturgy. In the Tridentine
605:in 1911, resulting in what
425:ad matutinum sex antiphonae
2834:
2784:Catholic Church portal
2427:Divine Worship: The Missal
1942:, IV. De Officio Lectionis
1732:Rule of Saint Benedict, 11
1723:Rule of Saint Benedict, 10
1705:Rule of Saint Benedict, 43
1674:Rule of Saint Benedict, 16
969:Prayer: “We thank you...”
894:Oriental Orthodox Churches
809:
788:
682:allowed all clergy of the
25:
18:
2774:
2274:Other liturgical services
1714:Rule of St Benedict, 9–10
1643:Cabrol, Fernand (1911). "
1629:, vol. 10 (New York 1911)
1627:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1583:Rule of Saint Benedict, 8
1557:Rule of Saint Benedict, 8
1486:Roman Breviary In English
694:communities, such as the
570:double or semidouble rank
222:The every-night monastic
2222:(first hour of daylight)
1865:1960 Code of Rubrics, 28
1021:Anglican Morning Prayers
196:seven fixed prayer times
180:seven fixed prayer times
2472:Liturgical use of Latin
1989:Encyclopædia Britannica
1816:Apostolic Constitution
1306:Regula S.P.N. Benedicti
1120:Danielou, Jean (2016).
1105:. Bemrose. p. 98.
898:Mar Thoma Syrian Church
706:Non-Roman Western Rites
692:traditionalist Catholic
421:Council of Tours in 567
388:Apostolic Constitutions
298:nocturnae convocationes
21:Matins (disambiguation)
2252:(Anglican Use Vespers)
1511:Rule of Saint Benedict
1499:Rule of Saint Benedict
890:Indian Orthodox Church
886:Syriac Orthodox Church
758:Second Vatican Council
736:Second Vatican Council
432:Rule of Saint Benedict
415:(morning praises) and
393:Rule of Saint Benedict
381:
353:. On the basis of the
339:Peregrinatio Aetheriae
278:("nocturnal praise").
266:("vigil"), the phrase
243:Rule of Saint Benedict
38:
2323:Liturgical literature
2258:(West Syriac Vespers)
2117:Eucharistic liturgies
2098:Anointing of the Sick
1650:Catholic Encyclopedia
1255:"Apostolic Tradition"
1031:Matins in Lutheranism
875:Oriental Christianity
756:As revised after the
198:have been taught; in
190:From the time of the
137:Anglican Daily Office
89:Roman Catholic Church
36:
2808:Liturgy of the Hours
2467:Ecclesiastical Latin
2388:Liturgy of the Hours
2308:Liturgy of the Hours
2178:Pontifical High Mass
1386:De oratione dominica
1332:(Ravenio Books 2014)
996:Liturgy of the Hours
780:Eastern Christianity
762:liturgy of the hours
672:Liturgy of the Hours
640:Liturgy of the Hours
597:20th-century changes
536:Liturgy of the Hours
375:is derived from the
85:Liturgy of the Hours
2691:Pre-Tridentine Mass
2459:Liturgical language
1904:Summorum Pontificum
1742:John Henry Newman,
1324:another translation
1173:Apostolic Tradition
1083:. 2016. p. 5.
902:Oriental Protestant
892:(both of which are
799:, matins is called
647:(Officium lectionis
322:Apostolic Tradition
201:Apostolic Tradition
95:authors or saints.
2543:Extraordinary Form
1784:Breviarium Romanum
1772:, III,4; V,3; VI,4
1543:2006-08-07 at the
1474:Taft (1986), p. 15
1454:Taft (1986), p. 35
1367:2014-03-04 at the
1171:Hippolytus in the
908:at 6 am using the
896:), as well as the
274:("night hour) and
240:The sixth-century
194:, the practice of
39:
2790:
2789:
2770:
2769:
2699:
2698:
2613:
2612:
2246:(sunset/evening)
1523:Lewis and Short,
1228:978-0-567-16561-9
1199:978-0-521-01746-6
1166:978-1-101-16042-8
1131:978-1-4982-9023-4
867:and speak of the
774:Mozarabic liturgy
743:Ambrosian Liturgy
680:Pope Benedict XVI
423:, which spoke of
347:Gospel of Matthew
327:Pliny the Younger
54:Christian liturgy
2825:
2813:Catholic liturgy
2782:
2781:
2755:East Syriac Rite
2723:Alexandrian Rite
2712:Eastern Catholic
2705:Eastern Catholic
2580:Benedictine Rite
2568:
2508:
2502:liturgical rites
2491:
2410:Roman Pontifical
2266:(end of the day)
2200:Liturgical hours
2043:
2036:
2029:
2020:
1993:
1985:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1957:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1873:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1813:
1802:
1797:
1788:
1780:
1774:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1636:
1635:
1622:
1609:
1606:
1600:
1591:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1565:
1559:
1554:
1548:
1534:
1528:
1525:Latin Dictionary
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1446:
1441:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1415:
1409:
1403:Robert F. Taft,
1400:
1394:
1381:
1375:
1355:
1349:
1340:
1334:
1315:
1309:
1302:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1259:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1157:The Early Church
1149:
1143:
1142:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1098:
1089:
1088:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1047:
977:Armenian Liturgy
812:
811:
797:Eastern Churches
760:, the Ambrosian
734:; but after the
413:laudes matutinae
384:
314:
311:
295:
291:
288:
268:nocturna vigilia
2833:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2776:
2766:
2733:Antiochene Rite
2713:
2709:
2706:
2695:
2685:Missa Venatoria
2609:
2605:Norbertine Rite
2595:Cistercian Rite
2590:Carthusian Rite
2566:
2548:Tridentine Mass
2538:Mass of Paul VI
2501:
2497:
2485:
2478:
2453:
2317:
2269:
2216:(early morning)
2198:
2195:Canonical hours
2189:
2112:
2064:
2062:Catholic Church
2047:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1853:Laudis canticum
1851:
1847:
1841:Laudis canticum
1839:
1835:
1828:
1824:
1818:Laudis Canticum
1814:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1695:Merriam-Webster
1693:
1689:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1658:
1642:
1633:
1623:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1577:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1551:
1547:, VIII, iv, 34)
1545:Wayback Machine
1535:
1531:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1438:
1431:
1427:
1416:
1412:
1401:
1397:
1388:, 36 (near end)
1382:
1378:
1369:Wayback Machine
1356:
1352:
1341:
1337:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1288:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1229:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1200:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1167:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1132:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1016:Vigil (liturgy)
1001:Canonical hours
992:
931:
918:
882:
877:
793:
787:
782:
708:
652:Code of Rubrics
628:Code of Rubrics
623:Pope John XXIII
599:
557:was then sung.
524:
451:
449:Monastic matins
369:
312:
293:
289:
220:
215:
188:
104:midnight office
81:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2831:
2829:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2795:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2752:
2750:Byzantine Rite
2747:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2632:
2630:Aquileian Rite
2627:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2600:Dominican Rite
2597:
2592:
2587:
2585:Carmelite Rite
2582:
2576:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2540:
2530:
2528:Mozarabic Rite
2525:
2520:
2518:Ambrosian Rite
2514:
2512:
2505:
2488:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2463:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2351:Roman Breviary
2343:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2253:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2204:
2202:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2163:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2124:Divine Liturgy
2120:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1983:"Matins"
1976:
1975:External links
1973:
1970:
1969:
1944:
1932:
1921:
1909:
1895:
1883:
1880:(Penguin 2008)
1868:
1857:
1845:
1843:, criteria 3−7
1833:
1822:
1803:
1789:
1775:
1761:
1749:
1734:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1687:
1676:
1667:
1656:
1610:
1601:
1594:Paul Delatte,
1586:
1575:
1560:
1549:
1529:
1515:
1503:
1491:
1476:
1467:
1456:
1447:
1436:
1425:
1410:
1395:
1376:
1350:
1335:
1328:Paul Delatte,
1310:
1297:
1286:
1271:
1242:
1227:
1209:
1198:
1180:
1165:
1153:Henry Chadwick
1144:
1130:
1112:
1090:
1068:
1050:Kurian, Jake.
1041:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
991:
988:
936:Fixed Preface
930:
927:
917:
914:
881:
878:
876:
873:
789:Main article:
786:
785:Byzantine Rite
783:
781:
778:
707:
704:
688:Roman Breviary
598:
595:
528:Roman Breviary
523:
520:Roman Breviary
517:
486:Church Fathers
482:New Testaments
450:
447:
417:matutini hymni
368:
363:
355:Gospel of Luke
351:Gospel of Mark
256:septem noctium
246:uses the term
224:canonical hour
219:
216:
214:
211:
187:
184:
126:morning prayer
124:distinct from
100:Byzantine Rite
80:
77:
50:canonical hour
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2830:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2785:
2780:
2773:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2728:Armenian Rite
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2708:
2702:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2671:Missa Nautica
2668:
2666:
2665:Gallican Rite
2663:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2523:Rite of Braga
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2481:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2341:Book of hours
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2262:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2167:Missa Cantata
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2039:
2037:
2032:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1997:Sunday Orthos
1995:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1861:
1858:
1855:, criterion 2
1854:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1738:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1639:public domain
1630:
1628:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1487:
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1471:
1468:
1465:
1464:Luke 12:35–37
1460:
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1026:Book of Hours
1024:
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916:Armenian Rite
915:
913:
911:
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611:
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272:nocturna hora
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62:
57:
55:
51:
47:
43:
35:
29:
22:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2648:Hereford Use
2625:African Rite
2555:Anglican Use
2495:Latin Church
2449:Sacramentary
2444:Roman Ritual
2432:Roman Missal
2240:(ninth hour)
2228:(third hour)
2207:
2165:
2151:Holy Qurbono
2146:Holy Qurbana
2083:Confirmation
2003:Daily Matins
1987:
1960:. Retrieved
1947:
1935:
1924:
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1898:
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1670:
1664:Psalm 119:62
1659:
1648:
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1604:
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1578:
1569:
1563:
1552:
1532:
1524:
1518:
1510:
1506:
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1494:
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1479:
1470:
1459:
1450:
1439:
1433:Matthew 25:6
1428:
1419:
1413:
1404:
1398:
1385:
1379:
1359:
1358:Tertullian,
1353:
1344:
1338:
1329:
1318:
1313:
1305:
1300:
1289:
1283:Matthew 14:5
1274:
1262:. Retrieved
1245:
1235:
1232:
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1203:
1189:
1183:
1172:
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1156:
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1137:
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1121:
1115:
1106:
1102:
1084:
1076:
1071:
1059:. Retrieved
1045:
984:
981:
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962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
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941:
938:
935:
932:
923:
919:
883:
862:
837:
835:
814:
800:
794:
771:
755:
746:
740:
709:
687:
684:Latin Church
676:
664:
656:Easter Vigil
651:
646:
644:
636:Pope Paul VI
633:
626:
620:
612:
607:Pope Paul VI
600:
588:
582:
578:
573:
559:
540:
532:Latin Church
527:
525:
519:
505:
502:
494:Apostle Paul
471:
452:
442:
440:
431:
429:
424:
416:
412:
401:
397:
392:
386:
372:
370:
365:
359:
344:
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320:
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301:
297:
280:
275:
271:
267:
263:
260:
255:
251:
247:
241:
239:
230:
221:
199:
192:early Church
189:
163:
153:
141:St. Benedict
134:
116:
97:
82:
58:
45:
41:
40:
2803:Major hours
2738:West Syriac
2678:Missa sicca
2643:Durham Rite
2638:Celtic Rite
2400:Martyrology
2368:Gospel Book
2363:Euchologion
2336:Antiphonary
2210:(nighttime)
2173:Solemn Mass
2103:Holy Orders
1906:, art. 9 §3
1759:, I,5; II,4
1264:5 September
1159:. Penguin.
747:pannychides
724:Benedictine
625:issued his
463:Psalm 94/95
2797:Categories
2533:Roman Rite
2484:Liturgical
2405:Pontifical
2383:Lectionary
2378:Horologion
2313:Procession
2183:Papal Mass
2070:Sacraments
2050:Sacraments
1444:Mark 13:35
1392:Latin text
1373:Latin text
1294:Psalm 90:4
1251:Hippolytus
912:breviary.
865:King David
831:feast days
767:Roman Rite
585:responsory
543:invitatory
490:responsory
467:invitatory
379:adjective
313: 200
294: 240
292: – c.
290: 155
283:Tertullian
213:Roman Rite
206:Hippolytus
145:Sarum Rite
130:Protestant
112:first hour
110:, and the
2743:Malankara
2653:Sarum Use
2560:Zaire Use
2358:Customary
2108:Matrimony
2088:Eucharist
2058:liturgies
1568:Delatte,
1384:Cyprian,
1360:Ad uxorem
1279:Mark 6:48
854:Octoechos
852:from the
718:, in the
634:In 1970,
621:In 1960,
613:In 1947,
566:patristic
509:canticles
441:The word
382:matutinus
371:The word
334:Jerusalem
252:nocturnae
120:preserve
118:Lutherans
93:patristic
2707:Churches
2658:York Use
2634:British
2346:Breviary
2291:Exorcism
2281:Asperges
2264:Compline
2250:Evensong
2161:Low Mass
1962:2 August
1541:Archived
1422:10.96-97
1365:Archived
1155:(1993).
1061:2 August
1011:Compline
990:See also
846:litanies
838:akolouth
827:compline
819:Slavonic
815:Oútrenya
751:Antiphon
698:and the
562:nocturns
484:or from
474:nocturns
455:versicle
349:and the
330:reported
248:vigiliae
149:Evensong
73:nocturns
2760:Malabar
2714:liturgy
2618:Defunct
2511:Current
2417:Psalter
2373:Gradual
2301:Requiem
2296:Funeral
2244:Vespers
2093:Penance
2078:Baptism
2060:of the
1641::
1420:Letters
1418:Pliny,
1108:thus...
1006:Diurnum
910:Shehimo
884:In the
869:Messiah
858:Menaion
823:vespers
801:orthros
795:In the
791:Orthros
772:In the
712:Ætheria
590:Te Deum
547:cantors
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513:Te Deum
459:Psalm 3
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306:Cyprian
264:vigilia
231:vigilia
186:History
166:in the
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108:orthros
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79:Liturgy
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46:Mattins
2572:Orders
2439:Tonary
2422:Missal
2331:Agpeya
2256:Ramsha
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2056:, and
1645:Matins
1362:, II,4
1322:; cf.
1236:oriens
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1128:
1122:Origen
906:prayed
850:canons
842:psalms
810:ὄρθρος
732:Homily
716:Gospel
522:matins
407:; see
373:matins
366:Matins
235:Psalms
172:Indian
168:Syriac
44:(also
42:Matins
2500:Latin
2486:rites
2238:Nones
2226:Terce
2220:Prime
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2054:rites
1956:(PDF)
1258:(PDF)
1037:Notes
805:Greek
668:Bible
574:feria
551:choir
465:(the
443:vigil
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377:Latin
228:Latin
218:Vigil
164:Sapro
69:lauds
65:monks
61:vigil
2232:Sext
2156:Mass
1964:2020
1919:, 73
1513:, 10
1266:2020
1223:ISBN
1194:ISBN
1161:ISBN
1126:ISBN
1086:God.
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900:(an
888:and
844:and
741:The
660:Mass
555:hymn
461:and
430:The
170:and
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817:in
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480:or
478:Old
154:In
52:in
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