Knowledge (XXG)

Kanjli Wetland

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loads during floods. Depth of water in the Lake has a seasonal variation of 3.05 m (10 feet) to 7.62 m (25 feet) depending on the season and inflow discharge. Catchment area is mainly under agriculture. The wetland is in the semi-arid zone and receives an average annual rainfall of about 620 mm.
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The conservation and management measures undertaken with assistance provided by the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India (MoEF, GOI) by the Environment Division of the Punjab State Council for Science & Technology under the directive of the State Level Steering Committee are the
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Further, considering the definition of wetlands given by Cowden in 1979 for classification of wetlands in the US, three key attributes of hydrology (the degree of flooding or soil saturation), wetland vegetation (hydrophytes) and hydric soils have also been considered for identification. In this
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of International Importance. In this context, it is reported that the Punjab State which has 14 wetlands covering an area of 225.76 km (2% of the geographical area of the State) has the unique position of three of its wetlands viz., the Kanjli Wetland covering an area of 490 ha of which the
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architectural style, in the forest set in lovely natural scenery, on the banks of the Lake, which was named "The Villa" or the "Villa Buona Vista". His royal successors live in this retreat even now. The lake has been developed as a tourist destination with facilities for fishing and boating. A
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The Expert Group's directory has made a distinction between Natural and Man-Made wetlands (including wetlands of less than 100 ha area). In India, in its 24 states and two union territories (as per the 1990 report), there are 2167 nos of natural wetlands with a total area of 1.45 million ha and
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Afforestation measures around the lake area and in the small islands, with mixed indigenous species of trees to prevent soil erosion resulting in siltation reduction in the lake, to attract large species of birds to nest and roost and to enhance the
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The Kanjli ecological Wetland region around the village Kanjli is 4 km (2.5 mi) from the Kapurthala town, also the district headquarters, and is thus well connected by road network to all parts of the state and rest of the country.
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The Kanjli Wetland is one of the manmade wetlands in India identified by the Government of India, as per the Expert Group's (set up in 1983 by the Ministry of Environment and Forests) report published in 1990. Since the main article on
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According to the District Gazetteer and the study done by the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), 17 fish species (in Bein river and the lake) have been reported which includes the common fish species of
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quality of the Wetland has been studied by the Punjab Pollution Control Board Their report indicates that quality generally conforms to Class 'B' with some degree of quality degradation to Class 'D' sometimes during December.
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The erstwhile Maharaja of Kapurthala (Raja Randhir Singh - 1862 to 1870), built the headworks on the river Kali Bein which resulted in the creation of the Kanjli Wetland which subsumes the sparkling lake by the same name. The
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Judicious hyacinth (weed) control by the irrigation department, district police, and even army units, by manual methods. Conveyor belt system as a mechanical method to clear the weeds is also being tried.
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Continued scientific research on Biological and hydrological components, and Productivity potential with respect of economic value, social aspects of heritage and to rate the significance of the wetland.
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Hyacinth control through biological control by releasing two weevil species (which have proved been found effective worldwide and introduced in the downstream in the Harike Wetland Ecosystem) of
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for their conservation and management are now also included in the Ramsar list covering a total area of 5650 ha; Kanjli is upstream of Harike wetland located in the Beas river basin while the
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class (dark blue hue) during pre-monsoon period and moderate turbidity class (medium blue) during post monsoon season which is indicative of regimentation occurring in the lake during post
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The Kali Bein and its wetland provide water supply for agriculture in the Kapurthala district, recharges the ground water, drains excessive rainwater from sensitive crops like
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Monitoring of water quality continuously to check the degree of external nutrient loading of the lake waters and to evolve appropriate preventive and curative steps
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Kanjli Lake water spread is 184 ha), the Harike Wetland (4100 ha) and the Ropar Wetland (1365 ha) chosen by the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoE&F),
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Selective Fencing of the Wetland to prevent excessive grazing to preservation of important pockets provide habitat for wading birds and to check encroachments
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is explained. The Expert Group has based its directory on the basis of the definition enunciated by the Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands:
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Public awareness campaigns through mass-media, educational material, camps, etc. of the wetland ecosystem with the help of Voluntary Organizations
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Detailed mapping of the wetland for declaring and notifying the Kanjli Wetland as protected area under the Environment Protection Act, 1986.
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Over 40 resident bird species and 16 migratory species have been reported from the area. The migratory birds include various species of
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The flora and fauna recorded in the Wetland and the Kanjli Lake within it (Some of them are pictured in the gallery) are the following.
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The temperature varies from a maximum of 45 C in summer to an average of 6C during winter with occasionally freezing temperatures.
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Mapping and Monitoring of Natural Resources of Kanjli Wetland Ecosystem (Punjab) India-An Integrated Approach for its Conservation
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Mapping and Monitoring of Natural Resources of Kanjli Wetland Ecosystem (Punjab) India-An Integrated Approach for its Conservation
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In the Wetland, the ecological status of the Kanjli lake, in particular, has been threatened on account of the following issues.
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and Monitoring of Natural Resources of Kanjli Wetland Ecosystem (Punjab) India-An Integrated Approach for its Conservation
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Man-Made wetlands of 65,254 nos with total area of 2.59 million ha. The inland water bodies listed in the report covers
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went missing and was presumed to have drowned after going for one of his morning baths to a local stream called the
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Conversion of wetland for agriculture, human habitation, industrial expansion, and recreational activities
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Introduction of more fish species in the lake judiciously to avoid any adverse effects of exotic species.
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to provide irrigation facilities to the hinterland. The rich biodiversity of the wetland comprising
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including some important species of plants and animals was recognized internationally by the
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study of the wetland it has been inferred that Kanjli Lake could be categorised under low
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The Kali Bein River, originating near village Dhanoa, upstream of Budho Bark Regulator in
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does not cover the aspects of Indian wetlands, the work done in this regard in
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would begin to spread the teachings of what was then the beginning of
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Illegal and indiscriminate fishing causing disturbance to birdlife
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due to nutrients and pesticides from adjoining agricultural fields
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Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) -- India, Kanjli, 2002
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are not included since it falls under a separate category.
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Twelve varieties of trees recorded in the wetland are
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in 2002 by designating the Kanjli Lake in the List of
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Release of the moth 2203:Ramsar sites in India 2172:East Kolkata Wetlands 1505:Ramsar sites in India 1210:"Tourist Attractions" 905:Further information: 845:Conservation measures 567:Shrubs recorded are: 400:Further information: 2218:Constructed wetlands 2125:Sandi Bird Sanctuary 2115:Saman Bird Sanctuary 1747:Vembanad-Kol Wetland 1283:3 March 2016 at the 1069:(northern snakehead) 874:Sameodes albiguittal 818:Extensive growth of 772:Gray-throated Martin 768:White-browed Wagtail 760:Alexandrine Parakeet 713:large whistling teal 631:have been reported. 598:Tripidium bengalense 592:Saccharum spontaneum 2223:Reservoirs in India 2029:Pichavaram Mangrove 1821:Nandur Madhameshwar 1463:Indira Gandhi Canal 652:(great snakehead), 561:Ziziphus mauritiana 417:Hoshiarpur District 290:Government of India 246:Kapurthala district 86: /  2130:Sarsai Nawar Jheel 1427:Madhopur Headworks 1253:on 14 October 2008 1198:Wetland, Kapurtala 1036:Prosopis juliflora 804:common Indian Hare 737:Black-winged Stilt 697:white-eyed pochard 570:Calotropis procera 549:Prosopis juliflora 507:Azadirachta indica 220:Reference no. 2198:Wetlands of India 2185: 2184: 2177:Sundarban Wetland 2140:Upper Ganga River 2100:Haiderpur Wetland 2095:Bakhira Sanctuary 1900:Hirakud Reservoir 1742:Sasthamkotta Lake 1737:Ashtamudi Wetland 1687:Shallbugh Wetland 1669:Jammu and Kashmir 1471: 1470: 1007:of a male mallard 1005:Speculum feathers 764:Indian Thick-knee 741:Common Chiffchaff 661:Cirrhinus mrigala 525:Ficus bengalensis 465:satellite imagery 281:Ramsar Convention 235: 234: 169:Surface elevation 123:Kali Bein rivulet 2230: 1641:Himachal Pradesh 1608:Wadhvana Wetland 1498: 1491: 1484: 1475: 1432:Ranjit Sagar Dam 1340: 1333: 1326: 1317: 1310: 1305: 1299: 1294: 1288: 1276: 1263: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1249:. Archived from 1243: 1237: 1232: 1226: 1225: 1223: 1221: 1212:. Archived from 1206: 1200: 1195: 1189: 1188: 1186: 1184: 1178: 1172:. Archived from 1171: 1163: 1157: 1152: 1146: 1141: 1132: 1127: 1121: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1099: 1082:Indian porcupine 1078: 1061: 1047: 1031: 1016: 1001: 986:Northern pintail 982: 968: 956: 796:Indian porcupine 589:Herbs noted are 531:Mangifera indica 513:Dalbergia sissoo 119: 101: 100: 98: 97: 96: 91: 87: 84: 83: 82: 79: 69: 41: 40: 34: 18: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2229: 2228: 2227: 2188: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2158: 2144: 2081: 2077:Rudrasagar Lake 2063: 1980: 1957: 1914: 1871: 1853: 1835: 1807: 1774: 1751: 1723: 1705: 1663: 1635: 1612: 1579: 1561: 1543: 1525: 1507: 1502: 1472: 1467: 1436: 1415: 1389: 1353: 1344: 1314: 1313: 1306: 1302: 1295: 1291: 1285:Wayback Machine 1277: 1266: 1256: 1254: 1245: 1244: 1240: 1233: 1229: 1219: 1217: 1216:on 23 July 2008 1208: 1207: 1203: 1196: 1192: 1182: 1180: 1179:on 3 March 2016 1176: 1169: 1165: 1164: 1160: 1153: 1149: 1142: 1135: 1128: 1124: 1114: 1112: 1101: 1100: 1096: 1091: 1084: 1079: 1070: 1066:Channa marulius 1062: 1053: 1048: 1039: 1032: 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Wetland 1930: 1924: 1922: 1916: 1915: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1905:Satkosia Gorge 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1881: 1879: 1873: 1872: 1870: 1869: 1863: 1861: 1855: 1854: 1852: 1851: 1845: 1843: 1837: 1836: 1834: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1817: 1815: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1805: 1803:Yashwant Sagar 1800: 1795: 1790: 1784: 1782: 1780:Madhya Pradesh 1776: 1775: 1773: 1772: 1767: 1761: 1759: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1733: 1731: 1725: 1724: 1722: 1721: 1715: 1713: 1707: 1706: 1704: 1703: 1698: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1677:Hokera Wetland 1673: 1671: 1665: 1664: 1662: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1645: 1643: 1637: 1636: 1634: 1633: 1628: 1622: 1620: 1614: 1613: 1611: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1589: 1587: 1581: 1580: 1578: 1577: 1571: 1569: 1563: 1562: 1560: 1559: 1553: 1551: 1545: 1544: 1542: 1541: 1535: 1533: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1523: 1517: 1515: 1513:Andhra Pradesh 1509: 1508: 1503: 1501: 1500: 1493: 1486: 1478: 1469: 1468: 1466: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1437: 1435: 1434: 1429: 1423: 1421: 1420:Dams, barrages 1417: 1416: 1414: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1390: 1388: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1345: 1343: 1342: 1335: 1328: 1320: 1312: 1311: 1300: 1289: 1264: 1238: 1227: 1201: 1190: 1158: 1147: 1133: 1122: 1093: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1073: 1071: 1063: 1056: 1054: 1049: 1042: 1040: 1033: 1026: 1024: 1018: 1011: 1009: 1003: 996: 994: 984: 977: 975: 970: 963: 961: 958: 951: 947: 944: 926:, there is no 902: 901:Sikh tradition 899: 898: 897: 894: 891: 888: 885: 881: 878: 858: 855: 846: 843: 842: 841: 838: 835: 832:Eutrophication 829: 823: 820:water hyacinth 811: 808: 783: 780: 776:Red-naped Ibis 752:Gray Francolin 688: 685: 636: 633: 620: 617: 616: 615: 587: 565: 495:Acacia arabica 488: 485: 480: 477: 455:The water and 452: 449: 412: 409: 397: 394: 371: 368: 304:Main article: 301: 298: 238:Kanjli Wetland 233: 232: 229: 228: 225: 224: 221: 217: 216: 213: 209: 208: 205: 201: 200: 197:Ramsar Wetland 195: 192: 191: 188: 187: 182: 178: 177: 174: 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1424: 1422: 1418: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1375:Ghaggar-Hakra 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1351:Punjab, India 1348: 1341: 1336: 1334: 1329: 1327: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1309: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1293: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1279: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1252: 1248: 1247:"Kanjli Lake" 1242: 1239: 1236: 1231: 1228: 1215: 1211: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1194: 1191: 1175: 1168: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1131: 1126: 1123: 1111: 1109: 1104: 1098: 1095: 1088: 1083: 1077: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1060: 1055: 1052: 1046: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1030: 1025: 1021: 1015: 1010: 1006: 1000: 995: 991: 987: 981: 976: 973: 967: 962: 955: 950: 945: 943: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 908: 900: 895: 892: 889: 886: 882: 879: 876: 875: 870: 869:N. eichorniae 866: 864: 859: 856: 853: 852: 851: 844: 839: 836: 833: 830: 827: 826:Anthropogenic 824: 821: 817: 816: 815: 809: 807: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 781: 779: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 748: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 725:White Wagtail 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 686: 684: 682: 677: 675: 674: 669: 668: 667:Labeo calbasu 663: 662: 657: 656: 651: 650: 645: 644: 634: 632: 630: 629:invertebrates 626: 618: 613: 612: 607: 604: 600: 599: 594: 593: 588: 586: 584: 579: 577: 572: 571: 566: 563: 562: 557: 556: 551: 550: 545: 544: 539: 538: 533: 532: 527: 526: 521: 520: 515: 514: 509: 508: 503: 502: 497: 496: 491: 490: 486: 484: 478: 476: 474: 470: 466: 461: 458: 451:Water quality 450: 448: 446: 442: 438: 433: 430: 426: 422: 418: 410: 408: 403: 395: 393: 391: 387: 382: 378: 369: 367: 365: 361: 357: 351: 349: 343: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 320: 318: 314: 307: 299: 297: 295: 291: 286: 282: 278: 274: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 230: 226: 222: 214: 206: 204:Official name 198: 189: 186: 183: 179: 175: 171: 163: 155: 153:Average depth 147: 139: 136: 133: 130: 126: 122: 120: 114: 110: 108: 104: 99: 71: 65: 62: 59: 33: 24: 19: 16: 2156:Asan Barrage 1976:Sambhar Lake 1937: 1910:Tampara Lake 1895:Chilika Lake 1885:Anshupa Lake 1867:Pala Wetland 1793:Sakhya Sagar 1788:Bhoj Wetland 1696:Mansar Lakes 1649:Chandra Taal 1521:Kolleru Lake 1405: 1303: 1292: 1255:. Retrieved 1251:the original 1241: 1230: 1218:. Retrieved 1214:the original 1204: 1193: 1181:. Retrieved 1174:the original 1161: 1150: 1125: 1113:. Retrieved 1106: 1097: 1064: 1034: 1019: 989: 919: 910: 872: 868: 861: 848: 813: 788:Indian civet 785: 749: 690: 678: 673:Labeo rohita 671: 665: 659: 653: 647: 641: 638: 622: 609: 605: 596: 590: 581: 578:crassicaulis 574: 568: 559: 553: 547: 541: 535: 529: 523: 517: 511: 505: 499: 493: 482: 462: 454: 434: 414: 405: 384:traditional 373: 352: 344: 321: 309: 241: 237: 236: 145:Surface area 95:31.42; 75.37 15: 2164:West Bengal 2150:Uttarakhand 2135:Sur Sarovar 1849:Loktak Lake 1831:Thane Creek 1813:Maharashtra 1798:Sirpur Lake 1659:Renuka Lake 1557:Kanwar Lake 1539:Deepor Beel 1347:Hydrography 850:following. 709:common teal 705:Tufted Duck 643:Catla catla 625:zooplankton 322:" areas of 270:terrestrial 242:Kanjli Lake 181:Settlements 93: / 68:Coordinates 2208:Kapurthala 2192:Categories 1986:Tamil Nadu 1826:Lonar Lake 1701:Wular Lake 1598:Nalsarovar 1575:Nanda Lake 1257:1 November 1220:1 November 1183:1 November 1089:References 990:Anas acuta 884:ecosystem. 863:Neochetina 635:Aqua fauna 619:Aqua flora 543:Morus alba 519:Eucalyptus 425:Beas River 402:Kapurthala 392:festival. 364:reservoirs 266:mesophytic 258:Beas River 212:Designated 185:Kapurthala 161:Max. depth 111:Freshwater 1963:Rajasthan 1765:Tsomoriri 1711:Karnataka 1603:Thol Lake 1593:Khijadiya 1022:in flower 920:Kali Bein 745:shoveller 469:turbidity 421:siltation 411:Hydrology 348:mangroves 252:state in 1692:Surinsar 1281:Archived 1115:25 April 1103:"Kanjli" 800:squirrel 792:mongoose 687:AviFauna 681:tortoise 522:hybrid, 475:season. 447:waters. 429:sediment 390:Depavali 377:Maharaja 332:peatland 285:Wetlands 57:Location 2069:Tripura 1859:Mizoram 1841:Manipur 1770:Tso Kar 1618:Haryana 1585:Gujarat 946:Gallery 940:Sikhism 932:Punjabi 907:Sikhism 721:mallard 717:pintail 611:Scirpus 603:synonym 583:Tamarix 576:Ipomoea 473:monsoon 463:From a 313:Wetland 306:Wetland 300:Wetland 262:aquatic 81:75°22′E 78:31°25′N 1920:Punjab 1877:Odisha 1757:Ladakh 1729:Kerala 1441:Canals 1406:Kanjli 1401:Harike 1385:Sutlej 1358:Rivers 1108:Ramsar 972:Wigeon 930:" (in 928:Muslim 865:bruchi 774:, and 743:, and 701:wigeon 457:sludge 441:potato 396:Access 381:French 346:list, 336:marine 250:Punjab 207:Kanjli 61:Punjab 1549:Bihar 1531:Assam 1411:Ropar 1394:Lakes 1370:Budki 1177:(PDF) 1170:(PDF) 1051:Catla 936:Nanak 924:Hindu 916:Nanak 782:Fauna 693:goose 585:dioca 487:Flora 445:flood 437:wheat 366:etc. 360:tanks 356:lakes 324:marsh 317:India 294:Ropar 277:fauna 273:flora 254:India 135:India 129:Basin 1380:Ravi 1365:Beas 1259:2008 1222:2008 1185:2008 1117:2018 912:Sikh 867:and 802:and 679:The 670:and 580:and 558:and 386:Mela 340:tide 275:and 268:and 223:1160 107:Type 1567:Goa 1349:of 992:) 608:), 328:fen 248:of 2194:: 1267:^ 1136:^ 1105:. 942:. 806:. 798:, 794:, 790:, 778:. 770:, 766:, 762:, 758:, 754:, 747:. 739:, 735:, 731:, 727:, 723:, 719:, 715:, 711:, 707:, 703:, 699:, 695:, 676:. 664:, 658:, 646:, 595:, 573:, 552:, 546:, 540:, 534:, 528:, 516:, 510:, 504:, 498:, 439:, 362:, 358:, 330:, 326:, 264:, 1694:- 1497:e 1490:t 1483:v 1339:e 1332:t 1325:v 1261:. 1224:. 1187:. 1119:. 988:( 601:( 564:.

Index

Location of Kanjli Wetland within Punjab
Punjab
31°25′N 75°22′E / 31.42°N 75.37°E / 31.42; 75.37
Type
Primary inflows
Basin
India
Kapurthala
Ramsar Wetland
Kapurthala district
Punjab
India
Beas River
aquatic
mesophytic
terrestrial
flora
fauna
Ramsar Convention
Wetlands
Government of India
Ropar
Wetland
Wetland
India
marsh
fen
peatland
marine
tide

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