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first-level admissions cottages, where they would stay for nine to twelve months. After that initial time period, in which girls would receive various medical, psychological, and educational tests, they would be moved to the
Grandview second-level cottage, where they would begin evaluations to be released home. This cottage came with an extra level of freedom. The third-level cottage, Prairie Vista Cottage, provided more treatment for girls who had a difficult time adjusting. Parents were not allowed to visit their daughters at the school until the social worker had approved visitation rights. Boyfriends were not allowed to visit.
411:
212:, then called the Women's Industrial Farm. Lula Coyner, the superintendent of the school from 1926 to 1936, cited venereal diseases and other physical and mental illnesses as the deciding factor in these sterilizations. Coyner was replaced by superintendent Blanche Peterson shortly after the sterilizations were reported. Peterson did not mention the sterilizations nor the subsequent media coverage of the sterilizations in her 1938 biennial report.
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In the early years of the school, girls were taught a variety of subjects including domestic arts, healthcare, fine arts, religious instruction, and school subjects. They were involved in the daily operations of the farm, garden, and kitchen. Girls also hosted and organized holiday events, such as the
Independence Day Parade in 1938.
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condemned the sterilizations in 1937 in a newspaper article. The article started a national conversation about the ethics of forced sterilization on young women. McCarthy called for the State of Kansas to begin an investigation into the sterilizations, alleging that parents had not given consent for
105:
In
December 1945, the school's Administration Building, which had housed employee apartments, girls' dorms, offices, and the chapel, was lost to a fire. The building was original to the state's acquisition of the school, having been donated by the city of Beloit in 1890. Though the state originally
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When the State of Kansas acquired the Girls' School, the institution sat on 80 acres of land North of the then-current city limits of Beloit, Kansas. By 1926, the school included 200 acres of farmland. Girls who were committed to the school were deemed in need of correctional work by Kansas courts.
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The 100th
Anniversary Celebration for the center was held on February 9, 1990. This celebration included a ribbon cutting, a presentation of the center's history, and a speech by the then-current president of the Kansas Women's Christian Temperance Union. Former residents of the school returned to
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The first forced sterilization law was passed in Kansas in 1913. It was later repealed and replaced on
February 27, 1917, by Chapter 205 of the Kansas statutes. The Revised Statutes of Kansas for 1923 mentioned the girls' school in sections 76-149 and 76–155, which gave the school and seven other
187:
The first comprehensive annual report of the Youth Center at Beloit was filed in 1985. This report details the treatments used by the school including room confinement and security and seclusion control. These measures were put in place to allow students to calm down or to protect students from
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By 1966, the school was no longer considered a place of punishment for incarcerated girls, but became an institution more focused on the healthy mental and emotional development of the girls and to give them the foundation needed to enter society. The four areas of treatment at this time were
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published by the school in 1972, the girls would first arrive to the school with their parents. Both parents and girls were introduced to staff and given a tour of the facility. The girl would then be separated from her parents, given an interview, and then be settled into one of the three
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In her 1922 Biennial report, Superintendent Lyda J. McMahon alludes to the idea that the school's academic department was lacking upon her arrival to the school. Temporary school rooms were set up in the school's
Administration Building and Lula Coyner was appointed the school principal.
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institutions legal power to sterilize inmates. Under these laws and statutes, 71 inmates of the Girls' Industrial School were recommended for sterilization and 62 inmates of the Girls' Industrial School received sterilization operations by 1936. The sterilizations were carried out at
887:"Nazi eugenic programs were based on grisly experiments like this in the United States. This story ran Oct. 23, 1937. 62 GIRLS UNDER 16 ARE STERILIZED IN U.S. REFORMATORY "Reasons Ridiculous," Ex- Congress Woman States - One for Bad Temper: [AM Edition]"
106:
allotted $ 135,000 for the reconstruction of the building in 1945, ground could not be broken. Construction on the new building started during the 1948-1950 biennium. The new
Administration-Dormitory Building was completed in 1952.
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The Beloit
Juvenile Correctional Facility was closed by the state in 2009 due to its decreasing need and high cost. Those who were still housed at the school at its closing were moved to the Kansas Juvenile Correctional Complex in
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the center to catalogue how their time spent at the Youth Center had been valuable in their lives. The Youth Center also hosted the annual Women's
Christian Temperance Union's state convention in September of that same year.
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their daughters to be operated on and that the reasons behind the sterilizations didn't fall in line with state standards. The sterilizations at the girls' school were condemned by the
Franklin D. Roosevelt Club in
219:—then Fort Hays Kansas State College—who held psychology clinics for the inmates of the girls' school at the request of administration. Dr. Kelly continued to work with the girls' school through the 1938 biennium.
127:
The center's name officially changed for the last time to The Beloit Juvenile Correctional Facility on July 1, 1997. The facility also switched state governing agencies from the Child Welfare System to the
64:. The State of Kansas took over the operations in 1889. The school was one of the longest operating reformatories for juvenile girls, having been open for 121 years. Other names for the school include the
167:, the Youth Center implemented parenting classes in the Spring of 1980. The program was originally started by the normal educational staff with the intent that it be taken over by a full-time instructor.
957:
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In 1919, an investigation into the management of the school occurred after two students tried to escape after an unsuccessful attempt to burn one of the buildings. the superintendent,
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The school implemented a cottage system of housing in 1908. This allowed the girls to have a greater amount of freedom while staying under the careful watch of the officer in charge.
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By 1924, the school's academic work was divided into a morning and an afternoon session. Girls from the third through the ninth grade were taught subjects such as reading,
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Approximately 30 documented assaults on staff were carried out by residents of the center in 1990. Because of this increase in physical violence, the center introduced
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themselves and others. The report states that these confinements were monitored by staff. The longest use of the security status for a student in 1985 was 248 hours.
61:
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A TV special was made about the school entitled "Beloit--Girls with Hope" which was directed by Charles G. Gardiner and aired on KTVH.
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Diseased Bodies and Ruined Reputations: Venereal Disease and the Construction of Women's Respectability in Early 20th Century Kansas
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The school's first parole officer, Emma Sells Marshall, gave her first report in the 1914 Biennial Report of the school.
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Bad girls : sex, shame, public health, and the forgotten legacy of Samuel J. Crumbine in Kansas, 1917-1955
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847:""Saturated with Vice": Angelic White Children, Incorrigible Youth, and Reformable Subjects"
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Biennial report of the Girls' Industrial School, Beloit, Kan., for the two years ending 1938
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Biennial report of the Girls' Industrial School, Beloit, Kan., for the two years ending 1936
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Biennial report of the Girls' Industrial School, Beloit, Kan., for the two years ending 1924
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Biennial report of the Girls' Industrial School, Beloit, Kan., for the two years ending 1922
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Biennial report of the Girls' Industrial School, Beloit, Kan., for the two years ending 1952
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Biennial report of the Girls' Industrial School, Beloit, Kan., for the two years ending 1950
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Biennial report of the Girls' Industrial School, Beloit, Kan., for the two years ending 1946
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Biennial report of the Girls' Industrial School, Beloit, Kan., for the two years ending 1908
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Biennial report of the Girls' Industrial School, Beloit, Kan., for the two years ending 1926
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Biennial report of the Girls' Industrial School, Beloit, Kan., of the two years ending 1914
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Recommendations for sterilization were made by Dr. George A. Kelly and his associates from
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927:, by the Honors College at the University of Vermont, mentions the Industrial School
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160:, and home nursing. Average class size at this time was fifteen to twenty students.
620:"Advances in Juvenile Justice Reform: 2009-2011 | Facility Closures and Downsizing"
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Kansas Historical Society, Kansas Industrial School for Girls, Beloit, Kansas
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Left History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Historical Inquiry and Debate
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The sterilization of inmates of Kansas prisons remained legal until 1965.
321:"Kansas Girls Industrial School. Graduating into society - Kansas Memory"
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The school name changed to the Youth Center at Beloit on July 1, 1974.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Youth Center at Beloit, Kansas Industrial School for Girls
195:(ART) led by Greg Peak, the center's Psychologist I.
42:
34:
24:
920:Kansas Memory, Industrial School for Girl filter
274:"Closed reformatory remembered as horror, haven"
953:Educational institutions in the United States
489:: 1233–1246 – via Kansas State Library.
8:
759:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
19:
958:Defunct girls' schools in the United States
543:: 572–577 – via Kansas State Library.
717:Youth Center at Beloit FY'85 Annual Report
18:
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827:Kansas. Girls' Industrial School (1938).
781:Kansas. Girls' Industrial School (1936).
692:Kansas. Girls' Industrial School (1924).
672:Kansas. Girls' Industrial School (1922).
605:Youth Center at Beloit FY97 Annual Report
566:Youth Center at Beloit FY90 Annual Report
457:Kansas. Girl's Industrial School (1952).
442:Kansas. Girls' Industrial School (1950).
427:Kansas. Girls' Industrial School (1946).
362:Kansas. Girls' Industrial School (1914).
347:Kansas. Girls' Industrial School (1908).
302:Kansas. Girls' Industrial School (1926).
255:Kansas. Girls' Industrial School (1890).
56:was established on February 1, 1888, in
16:Reformatory for juvenile girls in Kansas
845:Bailey, Hannah Anneliese (2020-12-17).
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378:"Girls Paroled. Mrs. Mitchner Resigns"
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535:Kansas. Secretary of State. (1980).
477:Kansas. Secretary of State. (1966).
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805:. University of Kansas, Ann Arbor.
515:Kansas State Girls' School (1972).
644:"Beloit Juvenile Facility Closing"
62:Women's Christian Temperance Union
54:Kansas Industrial School for Girls
14:
648:McClatchy - Tribune Business News
517:Handbook for Students and Parents
130:Kansas Juvenile Justice Authority
114:Handbook for Students and Parents
66:State Industrial School for Girls
46:Kansas Juvenile Justice Authority
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38:February 1, 1888–August 28, 2009
719:. Youth Center at Beloit. 1985.
608:. Youth Center at Beloit. 1997.
568:. Youth Center at Beloit. 1990.
193:Aggression Replacement Training
70:Kansas Girls' Industrial School
384:. 24 September 1919. p. 1
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206:Lansing Correctional Facility
580:"2006 Kansas Code - 76-2201"
541:Kansas Biennial Report, 1980
483:Kansas Biennial Report, 1966
224:Kathryn O'Loughlin McCarthy
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479:"Girl's Industrial School"
217:Fort Hays State University
735:C., Lovett, Christopher.
487:Kansas Secretary of State
102:, subsequently resigned.
864:10.25071/1913-9632.39578
537:"Youth Center at Beloit"
799:Perry, Nicole (2015).
176:academic, vocational,
74:Youth Center at Beloit
901:– via ProQuest.
658:– via ProQuest.
222:Kansas congresswoman
325:www.kansasmemory.org
257:Biennial Report 1890
156:, history, English,
229:Kansas City, Kansas
100:Lillian M. Mitchner
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948:Industrial schools
382:The Beloit Gazette
231:in November 1937.
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238:References
171:Treatments
158:physiology
154:arithmetic
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873:1913-9632
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144:Education
895:ProQuest
893:. 1937.
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