989:
25:
1046:
789:
353:
386:
Kasheeda generally only appears in one word per line, and one letter per word. Furthermore, experts recommend kasheeda only between certain combinations of letters (typically those that cannot form a
364:
The kasheeda can take a subtle downward curvature in some calligraphic styles and handwriting. However, the curvilinear stroke is not feasible for most basic fonts, which merely use a completely flat
219:. Kasheeda is considerably easier and more flexible, however, because Arabic–Persian scripts feature prominent horizontal strokes, whose lengths are accordingly flexible.
635:
1087:
581:
1030:
208:, kasheeda creates justification by elongating characters at certain points. Kasheeda justification can be combined with white-space justification.
1106:
935:
557:
376:
945:
940:
628:
108:
1080:
46:
200:
scripts. In contrast to white-space justification, which increases the length of a line of text by expanding spaces between
1121:
1023:
884:
879:
390:). Some calligraphers who were paid by the page used an inordinate number of kasheeda to stretch content over more pages.
211:
The analog in
European (Latin-based) typography (expanding or contracting letters to improve spacing) is sometimes called
621:
1073:
189:
89:
61:
532:
35:
1116:
1016:
68:
42:
828:
380:
75:
677:
519:
372:
438:
Transliteration based on
Classical and Early New Persian (but also applies to the modern varieties of
973:
843:
387:
57:
1111:
745:
717:
644:
608:
394:
758:
659:
180:
151:
853:
848:
1057:
1000:
833:
808:
735:
145:
788:
483:
687:
447:
414:
216:
175:
1053:
702:
443:
205:
1100:
803:
774:
667:
371:
In addition to letter spacing and justification, calligraphers also use kasheeda for
82:
515:
234:
961:
919:
672:
419:
402:
201:
753:
405:, connecting the bottom of the "t" and the second "a" in the host country's name.
863:
24:
988:
996:
365:
383:
symbols that must stretch to accommodate associated contents above or below.
1045:
609:
Justifying Text using
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) in Internet Explorer 5.5
498:
909:
692:
298:
582:"Qatar 2022 World Cup logo unveiled, reflects move to winter tournament"
838:
813:
707:
357:
342:
197:
613:
858:
818:
725:
193:
352:
914:
823:
730:
697:
682:
398:
334:
439:
338:
329:
can also refer to a character that represents this elongation (
617:
16:
Form of typographical justification used with the Arabic script
18:
360:
contains a long kasheeda with a natural string-like curve.
1061:
1004:
337:
of varying lengths that implement this elongation in a
240:
with and without kasheeda may look like the following:
166:"extended", "stretched", "lengthened"), also known as
457:
451:
157:
289:
261:
232:
224:
954:
928:
893:
872:
796:
767:
744:
716:
658:
651:
128:
123:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
499:"Arabic mathematical notation: Symbol Stretching"
558:"Qatar 2022: Football World Cup logo unveiled"
1081:
1024:
629:
8:
311:
304:
279:
272:
450:, however, this would be transliterated as
368:-like (or string-like) stroke for kashida.
1088:
1074:
1031:
1017:
655:
636:
622:
614:
150:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
351:
242:
475:
431:
345:standard assigns code point U+0640 as
120:
936:Al-Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation
7:
1042:
1040:
985:
983:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
377:modern Arabic mathematical notation
312:
305:
280:
273:
179:
149:
1060:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1003:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
375:and as book or chapter titles. In
14:
946:Society of Iranian Calligraphists
941:Museum of Turkish Calligraphy Art
1044:
987:
787:
196:language and in some descendant
23:
34:needs additional citations for
1107:Arabic punctuation and symbols
829:Islamic illuminated manuscript
1:
885:List of Persian calligraphers
880:List of Ottoman calligraphers
518:: Dept. of Computer Science,
533:"Qatar 2022 emblem revealed"
458:
452:
379:, kasheeda appears in some
290:
286:
262:
258:
233:
225:
158:
1140:
1039:
982:
970:
785:
516:Arabic text justification
484:"The Big Kashida Secret"
333:) or to one of a set of
503:W3C Interest Group Note
356:The right side of this
1056:–related article is a
999:-related article is a
448:Modern Iranian Persian
361:
520:Cadi Ayyad University
355:
1122:Writing system stubs
844:Ottoman illumination
804:Arabic calligraffiti
401:applies kasheeda to
393:The branding of the
43:improve this article
864:Islamic zoomorphism
645:Islamic calligraphy
497:Lazrek, Azzeddine.
395:2022 FIFA World Cup
215:, and falls within
539:. 4 September 2019
362:
1069:
1068:
1012:
1011:
980:
979:
854:Persian miniature
849:Ottoman miniature
783:
782:
319:
318:
165:
135:
134:
119:
118:
111:
93:
1129:
1117:Typography stubs
1090:
1083:
1076:
1048:
1041:
1033:
1026:
1019:
991:
984:
834:Mughal miniature
809:Arabic miniature
791:
656:
638:
631:
624:
615:
596:
595:
593:
592:
578:
572:
571:
569:
568:
554:
548:
547:
545:
544:
529:
523:
513:
507:
506:
494:
488:
487:
480:
463:
461:
455:
436:
332:
315:
314:
308:
307:
293:
283:
282:
276:
275:
265:
243:
238:
228:
188:), is a type of
183:
163:
161:
155:
154:
121:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1038:
1037:
981:
976:
966:
950:
924:
903:
889:
868:
792:
779:
763:
740:
712:
647:
642:
605:
600:
599:
590:
588:
580:
579:
575:
566:
564:
556:
555:
551:
542:
540:
531:
530:
526:
514:
510:
496:
495:
491:
482:
481:
477:
472:
467:
466:
437:
433:
428:
415:Microtypography
411:
330:
217:microtypography
131:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1054:writing system
1049:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1013:
1010:
1009:
992:
978:
977:
971:
968:
967:
965:
964:
958:
956:
952:
951:
949:
948:
943:
938:
932:
930:
926:
925:
923:
922:
917:
912:
906:
904:
902:
901:
898:
894:
891:
890:
888:
887:
882:
876:
874:
870:
869:
867:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
800:
798:
794:
793:
786:
784:
781:
780:
778:
777:
771:
769:
765:
764:
762:
761:
756:
750:
748:
742:
741:
739:
738:
733:
728:
722:
720:
714:
713:
711:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
664:
662:
653:
649:
648:
643:
641:
640:
633:
626:
618:
612:
611:
604:
603:External links
601:
598:
597:
573:
549:
524:
508:
489:
474:
473:
471:
468:
465:
464:
430:
429:
427:
424:
423:
422:
417:
410:
407:
347:Arabic Tatweel
317:
316:
309:
302:
295:
285:
284:
277:
270:
267:
257:
256:
253:
250:
247:
204:or individual
133:
132:
129:
126:
125:
117:
116:
99:September 2014
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1135:
1134:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
990:
986:
975:
969:
963:
960:
959:
957:
953:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
931:
929:Organizations
927:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
907:
905:
899:
896:
895:
892:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
875:
873:Calligraphers
871:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
799:
795:
790:
776:
773:
772:
770:
766:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
749:
747:
743:
737:
734:
732:
731:Tawqi (Tevki)
729:
727:
724:
723:
721:
719:
715:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
665:
663:
661:
657:
654:
650:
646:
639:
634:
632:
627:
625:
620:
619:
616:
610:
607:
606:
602:
587:
583:
577:
574:
563:
559:
553:
550:
538:
537:The Peninsula
534:
528:
525:
521:
517:
512:
509:
504:
500:
493:
490:
485:
479:
476:
469:
460:
454:
449:
445:
441:
435:
432:
425:
421:
418:
416:
413:
412:
408:
406:
404:
400:
396:
391:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
359:
354:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
328:
324:
310:
303:
300:
296:
294:
292:
287:
278:
271:
269:‘the praise’
268:
266:
264:
259:
254:
251:
248:
245:
244:
241:
239:
237:
236:
229:
227:
222:For example,
220:
218:
214:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
190:justification
187:
182:
177:
173:
169:
160:
153:
147:
143:
139:
127:
122:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1062:expanding it
1051:
1005:expanding it
994:
974:Islamic arts
962:Pseudo-Kufic
920:Word heaping
673:Jeli Thuluth
589:. Retrieved
585:
576:
565:. Retrieved
561:
552:
541:. Retrieved
536:
527:
511:
502:
492:
478:
434:
420:Word heaping
403:Latin script
392:
385:
370:
363:
346:
326:
322:
320:
288:
260:
231:
223:
221:
212:
210:
185:
171:
167:
141:
137:
136:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
522:, Marrakesh
281:الحمــــــد
1112:Typography
1101:Categories
997:typography
955:Influences
900:Techniques
591:2019-09-04
567:2019-09-04
562:Al Jazeera
543:2019-09-04
470:References
366:underscore
321:The terms
313:رحــــــيم
69:newspapers
754:Nasta'liq
678:Kairouani
381:operation
255:Kasheeda
213:expansion
58:"Kashida"
972:Part of
910:Kasheeda
693:Muhaqqaq
688:Maghrebi
586:The Week
409:See also
388:ligature
373:emphasis
323:Kasheeda
299:merciful
263:al-ḥamdu
249:Meaning
226:al-ḥamdu
181:تَطْوِيل
152:کَشِیدَه
142:Kasheeda
839:Muraqqa
814:Basmala
797:Objects
746:Persian
718:Ottoman
708:Thuluth
358:basmala
343:Unicode
341:. The
327:Tatweel
252:Normal
206:letters
198:cursive
192:in the
168:Tatweel
146:Persian
138:Kashida
130:Kashida
83:scholar
859:Tughra
819:Firman
768:Others
759:Taʿlīq
736:Ruq'ah
726:Diwani
668:Hijazi
660:Arabic
652:Styles
459:kešide
453:kašide
446:). In
335:glyphs
194:Arabic
186:taṭwīl
176:Arabic
172:Tatwīl
159:kašīda
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1052:This
995:This
915:Qalam
897:Tools
824:Hilya
703:Naskh
698:Mashq
683:Kufic
444:Tajik
426:Notes
399:Qatar
291:Raħīm
274:الحمد
246:Word
235:Raḥīm
202:words
90:JSTOR
76:books
1058:stub
1001:stub
775:Sini
442:and
440:Dari
339:font
325:and
306:رحيم
230:and
164:lit.
62:news
456:or
397:in
170:or
140:or
45:by
1103::
584:.
560:.
535:.
501:.
349:.
301:’
184:,
178::
162:;
156:;
148::
1089:e
1082:t
1075:v
1064:.
1032:e
1025:t
1018:v
1007:.
637:e
630:t
623:v
594:.
570:.
546:.
505:.
486:.
462:.
331:ـ
297:‘
174:(
144:(
124:ـ
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
