496:. The Kapala stingaree is greenish above, becoming pinkish toward the disc margins, and bears a variable pattern of dark markings that usually include a triangular blotch beneath each eye, a V-shaped bar between the eyes, a blotch at the base of the pelvic fins, and a pair of blotches in the middle of the disc that extend into stripes that run onto the tail. Not all individuals have all of these markings, and a few may be mottled or almost black on top. The underside is off-white with a wide, dusky band around the disc margin. The tail is pale with a dark midline stripe above and sometimes scattered dark blotches below; the dorsal fin is greenish and the caudal fin is light with a dark edge in adults, and entirely dark in juveniles. The largest known specimen measures 51 cm (20 in) long.
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utilized by the
Queensland East Coast Trawl Fishery (ECTF) and the New South Wales Ocean Trawl Fishery (OTF), which may have led to a decline in this species as has been documented for other stingarees in the region. Given its small distribution, low reproductive rate, and tendency to abort its young
447:
disc of the Kapala stingaree is more or less diamond-shaped with rounded outer corners and posterior margins, and is slightly wider than long. The leading margins of the disc are nearly straight and converge at an obtuse angle on the fleshy, barely protruding snout. The eyes are of modest size and
461:) has a similarly shaped nasal curtain. The mouth is small and contains 5–7 papillae (nipple-like structure) arranged in a W-shaped pattern on the floor. The lower jaw also bears a patch of prominent papillae, arranged to form a series of transverse ridges. The teeth have
274:
in front of the stinging spine. It has a distinctive bell-shaped curtain of skin between its nostrils. This species is greenish above, with a highly variable pattern of dark markings usually found outside and between the eyes, and over the back and tail.
452:
with rounded posterior rims. There is a subtle knob on the rear margin of each nostril. Between the nostrils is a bell-shaped curtain of skin, with the posterior margin shallowly fringed and corners elongated into lobes; only the
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are rarely consumed. Dietary composition is largely consistent across all ages, though older rays tend to consume proportionately more amphipods and fewer shrimp than younger rays. Like other stingrays, this species is
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species has been reported between the depths of 10 and 130 m (33 and 427 ft). Off
Queensland, it is common in water deeper than 62 m (203 ft), while off New South Wales it is rare north of the
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pattern; the crowns are blunt for teeth at the sides of the jaws, becoming higher and more pointed towards the middle of the jaw. There are 25 upper and 31–32 lower tooth rows. The five pairs of
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488:; there is a prominent skin fold running along each side. A very thin, serrated stinging spine is positioned atop the tail about halfway along its length; immediate in front is a long, low
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sustained by histotroph ("uterine milk") produced by the mother. Typically a litter consists of only a single pup, born at around 15 cm (5.9 in) long. Males reach
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at a depth of 10–130 m (33–427 ft). Reaching 51 cm (20 in) in length, the Kapala stingaree has a rounded, diamond-shaped
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Marshall, A.D.; P.M. Kyne & M.B. Bennett (2008). "Comparing the diet of two sympatric urolophid elasmobranchs (
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The slender, flattened tail measures 82–90% as long as the disc, and terminates in a low, leaf-shaped
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The Kapala stingaree has black markings around its eyes and prominent lateral skin folds on its tail.
336:(CSIRO) researchers Gordon Yearsley and Peter Last described the Kapala stingaree, previously termed
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Yearsley & Last): evidence of ontogenetic shifts and possible resource partitioning".
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only one pup at a time, and provisioning it with histotroph ("uterine milk"). The
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sp. nov., a new stingree (Myliobatiformes: Urolophidae) off eastern
Australia".
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of this species, an adult male 35 cm (14 in) long, from the
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The range of the Kapala stingaree is limited to the eastern coast of
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719:(second ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 417–418.
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289:, constitute the predominant prey of the Kapala stingaree; small
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581:. It does not appear to have benefited from the installation of
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are small with rounded rear margins; males have short, stout
382:. This ray may also be referred to as the banded stingaree.
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Commonwealth
Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
347:. They named the new species in honor of the research ship
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in 1980s and 1990s that contributed substantially to
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and propensity for aborting its young when captured.
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disc and a slender tail, which ends in a leaf-shaped
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696:. Elasmodiver.com. Retrieved on September 7, 2010.
631:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T42730A68649607.en
575:International Union for Conservation of Nature
556:at around 28–31 cm (11–12 in) long.
307:International Union for Conservation of Nature
564:Significant numbers of Kapala stingarees are
8:
577:(IUCN) has assessed the Kapala stingaree as
258:. It is commonly found on and around rocky
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48:
29:
20:
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270:and bears lateral skin folds and a small
504:The Kapala stingaree feeds primarily on
688:
686:
593:
1031:IUCN Red List near threatened species
694:Kapala stingaree aka banded stingaree
423:and adjacent sandy flats, as well as
366:knowledge. On November 14, 1984, the
7:
995:078BB26A-429B-4C15-8518-6177F9A04471
309:(IUCN) has assessed this species as
659:Yearsley, G.K.; P.R. Last (2006). "
617:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
606:Kyne, P.M.; Bennett, M.B. (2019).
14:
715:Last, P.R.; J.D. Stevens (2009).
1051:Taxa named by Gordon K. Yearsley
1046:Marine fish of Eastern Australia
770:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01762.x
340:"sp. A", in a 2006 issue of the
73:
354:, which conducted a series of
1:
16:Species of cartilaginous fish
717:Sharks and Rays of Australia
465:bases and are arranged in a
448:followed by teardrop-shaped
1056:Taxa named by Peter R. Last
786:Fishes of Australia :
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492:. The skin entirely lacks
455:sparsely-spotted stingaree
677:10.11646/zootaxa.1176.1.4
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70:Scientific classification
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1041:Fauna of New South Wales
583:Turtle Exclusion Devices
386:Distribution and habitat
301:, with females normally
250:waters off southeastern
750:Journal of Fish Biology
744:Müller & Henle and
1061:Fish described in 2006
440:
297:are also eaten. It is
742:Trygonoptera testacea
624:: e.T42730A68649607.
546:aplacental viviparous
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299:aplacental viviparous
852:Urolophus_kapalensis
838:Urolophus kapalensis
808:Urolophus kapalensis
788:Urolophus kapalensis
746:Urolophus kapalensis
661:Urolophus kapalensis
610:Urolophus kapalensis
548:with the developing
319:commercial fisheries
225:Urolophus kapalensis
199:Urolophus kapalensis
762:2008JFBio..72..883M
573:when captured, the
566:caught incidentally
500:Biology and ecology
402:to Disaster Bay in
40:Conservation status
560:Human interactions
473:are S-shaped. The
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342:scientific journal
315:taken incidentally
313:; it is regularly
181:U. kapalensis
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977:Open Tree of Life
800:Taxon identifiers
726:978-0-674-03411-2
459:U. paucimaculatus
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24:Kapala stingaree
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494:dermal denticles
295:polychaete worms
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221:Kapala stingaree
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579:Near Threatened
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311:Near Threatened
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147:Myliobatiformes
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756:(4): 883–898.
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635:. Retrieved
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445:pectoral fin
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396:Cape Moreton
389:
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358:surveys off
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264:pectoral fin
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133:Superorder:
18:
912:iNaturalist
832:Wikispecies
637:16 November
529:bony fishes
521:ampeliscids
513:palaemonids
475:pelvic fins
431:Description
291:bony fishes
279:Crustaceans
240:Urolophidae
157:Urolophidae
1025:Categories
692:Murch, A.
589:References
527:and small
490:dorsal fin
486:caudal fin
471:gill slits
400:Queensland
394:, between
380:Jervis Bay
376:Tasman Sea
272:dorsal fin
268:caudal fin
252:Queensland
123:Subclass:
1036:Urolophus
671:: 41–52.
568:in prawn
517:amphipods
450:spiracles
392:Australia
338:Urolophus
323:fecundity
303:gestating
287:amphipods
175:Species:
168:Urolophus
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
930:10529093
886:FishBase
823:Q2201353
817:Wikidata
585:(TEDs).
531:, while
519:(mainly
511:(mainly
479:claspers
467:quincunx
463:rhomboid
425:seagrass
329:Taxonomy
233:stingray
206:Yearsley
153:Family:
137:Batoidea
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
904:2419409
758:Bibcode
665:Zootaxa
550:embryos
541:isopods
506:benthic
412:inshore
408:benthic
406:. This
356:fishery
345:Zootaxa
248:inshore
244:endemic
235:in the
229:species
227:) is a
163:Genus:
143:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1008:390271
982:178569
969:390271
956:443769
917:114797
723:
570:trawls
539:, and
515:) and
509:shrimp
427:beds.
368:Kapala
351:Kapala
283:shrimp
237:family
212:, 2006
208:&
1003:WoRMS
990:Plazi
943:42730
925:IRMNG
891:63808
878:7DVW9
865:59151
533:crabs
421:reefs
260:reefs
964:OBIS
951:NCBI
938:IUCN
899:GBIF
860:BOLD
721:ISBN
669:1176
639:2021
622:2019
443:The
378:off
349:FRV
293:and
285:and
254:and
219:The
210:Last
873:CoL
847:AFD
766:doi
673:doi
626:doi
398:in
317:by
246:to
231:of
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754:72
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457:(
223:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
