507:, chairman of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet. At the same time, he became the agricultural department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Lithuania. In this capacity, he led the Soviet efforts to nationalize landholdings. In a year, about 600,000 hectares (1,500,000 acres) of land was nationalized. The Soviets did not establish
488:, Didžiulis received 93,375 votes out of approximately 178,000 total votes (thus roughly 52%). However, later "official" results claimed that 99.2% of voters voted for the Union of the Working People (no official results by candidate were ever published).
1305:
1310:
1300:
244:
to work in the docks and metalworking factory. During a dockworkers' strike in 1913, he was involved in distributing social democratic literature. In
October 1914, after the outbreak of World War I, he returned to his family's farm.
1315:
344:
and
Secretariat. However, he was arrested in January 1928 after the police searched his apartment and found numerous illegal publications. In May 1929, he was sentenced to eight years in prison. He served the sentence in
546:, he returned to Vilnius and resumed his pre-war positions: deputy chairman of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet and work in a commission in charge of the land reform. He also taught the history of the
528:
367:
Released, Didžiulis continued communist activities. In late 1934, he travelled to Moscow to consult and coordinate with other
Lithuanian communists. At the time the Communist Party had two main leaders –
1325:
326:
100:
585:, his sister-in-law Ana and her son were deported from his family's farm in Mandeikiai, but Soviet officials quickly intervened and she was freed from the deportee train in
467:, Didžiulis was given this assignment (effective July 1) to give communists a majority over Lithuanian nationalist members of the government. He was elected to the
422:
Didžiulis was arrested again for three weeks in
January 1936 and three months in November 1936. In June 1938, he organized 10-day courses for young communists near
340:
were executed while a few others were arrested. As a result, the
Central Committee coopted Didžiulis in January 1927. Later that year, he was also elected to the
1320:
240:). His parents owned 37 hectares (91 acres) of land, but struggled financially. Didžiulis completed just three years of primary education. In 1912, he moved to
1330:
472:
1335:
1230:
387:
allied with
Kapsukas who died in February 1935. This allowed Angarietis to promote his man Kazys Sprindys to the Secretariat. With the help of
1174:
1131:
448:
416:
167:
551:
500:
284:. In September 1921, he was tasked by the party with transport and distribution of illegal communist literature, including the periodicals
179:
593:
547:
452:
171:
152:
249:
1214:
562:
555:
198:
1270:
1195:
1155:
617:
132:
464:
412:
333:
415:. He opposed the party's position of not allying with non-communists and wanted to collaborate with other parties (including the
166:
and Didžiulis was arrested and imprisoned numerous times, spending a total of about nine years in
Lithuanian prisons. After the
1184:
Senn, Alfred Erich (2013). "Problems of Baltic
Historiography, 1939–41". In Clemmesen, Michael H.; Faulkner, Marcus S. (eds.).
1142:
637:
561:
Didžiulis participated in Soviet repressions against the
Lithuanians. In 1945, he dealt with property confiscated of people
1250:
Preconditions of The
Holocaust: The Upsurge of Anti-Semitism in Lithuania in the years of the Soviet Occupation (1940–1941)
359:
143:(born Grosmanas; 19 August 1894 – 24 May 1958) was a Lithuanian communist politician and statesman. He was a member of the
427:
1082:
337:
273:
182:. He was in charge of the Soviet land reform which nationalized landholdings and distributed them to landless peasants.
148:
118:
1248:
158:
Didžiulis completed just three years of primary education and worked as a farm worker, dockworker and metalworker in
1121:
233:. He was of Latvian origin; from about 1940 he used the Lithuanian translation (Didžiulis) of his surname Grosman (
257:
1207:
Represinių struktūrų ir komunistų partijos bendradarbiavimas įtvirtinant okupacinį režimą Lietuvoje 1944–1953 m.
531:
in charge of the affairs of evacuated Lithuanians in the Penza region. In June 1943, he became party organizer (
329:
in Moscow. He returned to Lithuania in August 1925 and organized communist activities in the Šiauliai area.
632:
219:
46:
396:
364:. He was released in October 1933, but again arrested and imprisoned for three months in November 1933.
297:
224:
51:
310:. Even though the Lithuanian police found only legal publications, Didžiulis was confined to a camp in
377:
1295:
1290:
1256:. International Commission for the Evaluation of the Nazi and Soviet Occupation Regimes in Lithuania.
601:
520:
354:
202:
311:
1263:
Lietuvos gyventojų trėmimai 1940–1941, 1944–1953 metais sovietinės okupacinės valdžios dokumentuose
621:
597:
543:
477:
90:
1169:. On the Boundary of Two Worlds. Identity, Freedom, and Moral Imagination of the Baltics. Rodopi.
1093:
536:
190:
163:
468:
408:
292:
175:
197:
in July 1944 and participated in the Sovietization efforts of Lithuania: land nationalization,
1266:
1210:
1191:
1170:
1151:
1127:
1108:
388:
382:
373:
205:. From 1947 to his death in 1958, he was chairman of the Supreme Court of the Lithuanian SSR.
144:
573:
districts. In May 1948, he supervised and instructed party activists on how to carry out the
550:
at the party school in Vilnius. He was elected three times (in 1947, 1951, and 1955) to the
430:
for a year. He was arrested again in October 1939 and sent back to Dimitravas and later to
613:
574:
504:
369:
322:
316:
185:
During World War II, he evacuated to Russia and was party representative and organizer in
128:
651:
582:
496:
460:
307:
272:
In June 1919, Didžiulis established contacts with Lithuanian communists and joined the
79:
57:
1284:
346:
1084:
Sovietų Lietuvos valdantysis elitas 1944-1974 metais: tarpusavio ryšiai ir jų raiška
1225:
492:
482:
1094:"Jaunųjų katalikų sąjūdžio santykis su komunizmo doktrina ir praktika (1936–1940)"
643:
253:
162:
before joining the Communist Party of Lithuania in 1919. The party was illegal in
1185:
628:
281:
277:
230:
499:
as one of its constituent republics. People's Seimas reorganized itself as the
1209:(in Lithuanian). Lietuvos gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras.
431:
350:
1112:
325:. He was released in September 1923. The party then sent him to study at the
586:
404:
392:
341:
306:
In September 1922, Didžiulis was arrested when he transported literature to
578:
411:. While in Suvalkija, Didžiulis rallied communist forces in support of the
261:
542:
In July 1944, after Vilnius was retaken by the Soviets as a result of the
491:
Didžiulis was one of twenty representatives sent to Moscow to request the
1306:
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
570:
654:
bore his name. His memoir and selected writings were published in 1963.
647:
532:
508:
456:
194:
75:
1187:
Northern European Overture to War, 1939-1941: From Memel to Barbarossa
566:
423:
400:
1311:
Fourth convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
1301:
Members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Lithuania
395:, Lifšicas attempted to remove Angarietis. Sprindis was replaced by
1316:
Fifth convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
1126:(PhD thesis) (in Lithuanian). Kaunas: Vytautas Magnus University.
524:
286:
186:
241:
159:
612:
For his service to communist causes, Didžiulis was awarded two
434:. In total, he spent about nine years in Lithuanian prisons.
1123:
Revoliucinės kultūros eksperimentas Lietuvoje (1927–1935 m.)
1060:
1058:
1009:
1007:
982:
980:
931:
929:
844:
842:
596:. On 25 September 1957, the court handed death sentence to
327:
Communist University of the National Minorities of the West
101:
Communist University of the National Minorities of the West
1087:(PhD thesis) (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Vilnius University.
769:
767:
765:
752:
750:
701:
699:
539:
where several Lithuanian artist assemblies had gathered.
1234:(in Lithuanian). Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras
620:. Didžiulis died on 24 May 1958 and was buried at the in
426:. After these courses, he was arrested and sent to the
264:. These institutions were disbanded by February 1919.
1101:
LKMA Metraštis. Serija B: Bažnyčios istorijos studijos
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
592:
From 1947 to 1958, Didžiulis was the chairman of the
463:(with rights of a minister). According to memoirs of
399:
but Didžiulis and Lifšicas were demoted to regional (
627:
During the Soviet era, the polytechnic institute in
1326:
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
336:, many two members of the Central Committee of the
124:
114:
106:
96:
86:
64:
28:
21:
447:He was freed from the forced labor camp after the
252:, Didžiulis joined a local pro-communist group in
475:. According to early voting results published by
1265:(in Lithuanian). Lietuvos istorijos institutas.
276:. At first he worked with local communists in
260:, he organized communist soviet and police in
8:
511:but distributed land to landless peasants.
376:– who competed for influence. Didžiulis and
1150:(in Lithuanian). Mintis. pp. 119–137.
1037:
896:
884:
872:
18:
1064:
1025:
1013:
998:
986:
935:
920:
908:
848:
833:
821:
809:
797:
785:
773:
756:
741:
729:
717:
705:
527:where he became a representative of the
473:Union of the Working People of Lithuania
218:Didžiulis was born on 19 August 1894 in
678:
662:
256:. In January 1919, at the start of the
1224:Tininis, Vytautas (4 November 2022) .
860:
690:
581:district. In October 1951, during the
1167:Lithuania 1940: Revolution from Above
642:) as well as the secondary school in
523:in June 1941, Didžiulis evacuated to
417:Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party
7:
1321:Prisoners and detainees of Lithuania
1049:
971:
959:
947:
646:were named in his honor. Streets in
554:and twice (in 1955 and 1958) to the
552:Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR
501:Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR
180:Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR
594:Supreme Court of the Lithuanian SSR
548:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
521:German invasion of the Soviet Union
234:
153:Supreme Court of the Lithuanian SSR
618:Orders of the Red Banner of Labour
556:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
14:
178:, and was deputy chairman of the
151:in 1927–1958 and chairman of the
133:Order of the Red Banner of Labour
1331:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
1231:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
495:to accept the newly established
453:People's Government of Lithuania
172:People's Government of Lithuania
503:and Didžiulis became deputy of
16:Lithuanian communist politician
1336:Burials at Antakalnis Cemetery
529:Council of People's Commissars
455:appointed him as its envoy to
449:Soviet occupation of Lithuania
413:1935 Suvalkija farmers' strike
168:Soviet occupation of Lithuania
1:
1120:Raškauskas, Kęstutis (2014).
1092:Labanauskas, Ramūnas (2010).
428:Dimitravas forced labour camp
419:) that supported the strike.
1205:Starkauskas, Juozas (2007).
600:, one of the most prominent
338:Communist Party of Lithuania
334:coup d'état in December 1926
321:and later the Fifth Fort of
274:Communist Party of Lithuania
199:mass deportations to Siberia
170:in June 1940, he joined the
149:Communist Party of Lithuania
119:Communist Party of Lithuania
1261:Tyla, Antanas, ed. (1995).
1165:Senn, Alfred Erich (2007).
1352:
1144:Lietuvos revoliucionieriai
1141:Šarmaitis, Romas (1988).
201:, and suppression of the
110:Communist activist, judge
465:Vincas Krėvė-Mickevičius
248:In late 1918, after the
1247:Truska, Liudas (2004).
1081:Ėmužis, Marius (2016).
633:Šiauliai State College
471:as a candidate of the
397:Icikas Meskupas-Adomas
258:Lithuanian–Soviet War
174:, was elected to the
602:Lithuanian partisans
203:Lithuanian partisans
1226:"Karolis Didžiulis"
1028:, pp. 134–135.
1001:, pp. 133–134.
800:, pp. 122–123.
744:, pp. 120–121.
720:, pp. 119–120.
622:Antakalnis Cemetery
598:Adolfas Ramanauskas
563:deported to Siberia
544:Operation Bagration
91:Antakalnis Cemetery
537:Pereslavl-Zalessky
451:in June 1940. The
268:Interwar Lithuania
191:Pereslavl-Zalessky
164:interwar Lithuania
1176:978-90-420-2225-6
1133:978-9955-12-982-0
1103:(in Lithuanian).
389:Mikhail Trilisser
374:Zigmas Angarietis
250:German revolution
193:. He returned to
145:Central Committee
141:Karolis Didžiulis
138:
137:
33:Karolis Grosmanas
23:Karolis Didžiulis
1343:
1276:
1257:
1255:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1220:
1201:
1180:
1161:
1149:
1137:
1116:
1098:
1088:
1068:
1062:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1038:Starkauskas 2007
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
924:
918:
912:
906:
900:
897:Labanauskas 2010
894:
888:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
837:
831:
825:
819:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
771:
760:
754:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
715:
709:
703:
694:
688:
682:
676:
650:, Šiauliai, and
641:
608:Death and legacy
486:
403:) party work in
391:, leader of the
386:
378:Aizikas Lifšicas
363:
320:
301:
239:
236:
228:
71:
55:
42:
40:
19:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1281:
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1279:
1273:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1237:
1235:
1223:
1217:
1204:
1198:
1183:
1177:
1164:
1158:
1147:
1140:
1134:
1119:
1096:
1091:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1063:
1056:
1048:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1005:
997:
993:
985:
978:
970:
966:
958:
954:
946:
942:
934:
927:
919:
915:
907:
903:
895:
891:
885:Raškauskas 2014
883:
879:
873:Raškauskas 2014
871:
867:
859:
855:
847:
840:
832:
828:
820:
816:
808:
804:
796:
792:
784:
780:
772:
763:
755:
748:
740:
736:
728:
724:
716:
712:
704:
697:
689:
685:
677:
664:
660:
635:
614:Orders of Lenin
610:
575:Operation Vesna
517:
505:Justas Paleckis
480:
469:People's Seimas
445:
440:
409:Klaipėda Region
380:
370:Vincas Kapsukas
357:
355:Šiauliai Prison
323:Kaunas Fortress
314:
295:
270:
237:
222:
216:
211:
176:People's Seimas
131:
129:Orders of Lenin
115:Political party
97:Alma mater
82:
73:
69:
60:
49:
44:
38:
36:
35:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1349:
1347:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1258:
1244:
1221:
1216:978-9986757764
1215:
1202:
1196:
1181:
1175:
1162:
1156:
1138:
1132:
1117:
1089:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1067:, p. 135.
1065:Šarmaitis 1988
1054:
1042:
1040:, p. 417.
1030:
1026:Šarmaitis 1988
1018:
1016:, p. 134.
1014:Šarmaitis 1988
1003:
999:Šarmaitis 1988
991:
989:, p. 133.
987:Šarmaitis 1988
976:
974:, p. 220.
964:
962:, p. 498.
952:
950:, p. 174.
940:
938:, p. 132.
936:Šarmaitis 1988
925:
923:, p. 131.
921:Šarmaitis 1988
913:
911:, p. 130.
909:Šarmaitis 1988
901:
899:, p. 206.
889:
887:, p. 146.
877:
875:, p. 145.
865:
853:
851:, p. 129.
849:Šarmaitis 1988
838:
836:, p. 128.
834:Šarmaitis 1988
826:
824:, p. 126.
822:Šarmaitis 1988
814:
812:, p. 125.
810:Šarmaitis 1988
802:
798:Šarmaitis 1988
790:
788:, p. 123.
786:Šarmaitis 1988
778:
776:, p. 122.
774:Šarmaitis 1988
761:
759:, p. 121.
757:Šarmaitis 1988
746:
742:Šarmaitis 1988
734:
732:, p. 120.
730:Šarmaitis 1988
722:
718:Šarmaitis 1988
710:
708:, p. 119.
706:Šarmaitis 1988
695:
683:
661:
659:
656:
609:
606:
583:Operation Osen
516:
513:
497:Lithuanian SSR
461:Vilnius Region
444:
441:
439:
438:Lithuanian SSR
436:
312:Aukštoji Freda
269:
266:
238: big man
215:
212:
210:
207:
155:in 1947–1958.
136:
135:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
80:Lithuanian SSR
74:
72:(aged 63)
66:
62:
61:
58:Russian Empire
45:
43:19 August 1894
32:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1348:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1274:
1272:9986-577-11-X
1268:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1251:
1245:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1197:9789004249097
1193:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1157:5-417-00071-X
1153:
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1145:
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1135:
1129:
1125:
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1118:
1114:
1110:
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1102:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1052:, p. 86.
1051:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1004:
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995:
992:
988:
983:
981:
977:
973:
968:
965:
961:
956:
953:
949:
944:
941:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
917:
914:
910:
905:
902:
898:
893:
890:
886:
881:
878:
874:
869:
866:
863:, p. 93.
862:
857:
854:
850:
845:
843:
839:
835:
830:
827:
823:
818:
815:
811:
806:
803:
799:
794:
791:
787:
782:
779:
775:
770:
768:
766:
762:
758:
753:
751:
747:
743:
738:
735:
731:
726:
723:
719:
714:
711:
707:
702:
700:
696:
693:, p. 11.
692:
687:
684:
680:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
663:
657:
655:
653:
649:
645:
639:
634:
631:(present-day
630:
625:
623:
619:
615:
607:
605:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
559:
557:
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534:
530:
526:
522:
514:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
484:
479:
478:Darbo Lietuva
474:
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420:
418:
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406:
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394:
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384:
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371:
365:
361:
356:
352:
348:
347:Kaunas Prison
343:
339:
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330:
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161:
156:
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120:
117:
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109:
107:Occupation(s)
105:
102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
67:
63:
59:
53:
48:
31:
27:
20:
1262:
1249:
1236:. Retrieved
1229:
1206:
1186:
1166:
1143:
1122:
1104:
1100:
1083:
1074:Bibliography
1045:
1033:
1021:
994:
967:
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87:Burial place
70:(1958-05-24)
1296:1894 births
1291:1958 deaths
861:Ėmužis 2016
691:Truska 2004
636: [
481: [
381: [
358: [
315: [
308:Vilkaviškis
296: [
223: [
68:24 May 1958
50: [
1285:Categories
1238:11 October
658:References
519:After the
351:Ninth Fort
332:After the
293:Komunistas
220:Mandeikiai
214:Early life
47:Mandeikiai
39:1894-08-19
1190:. Brill.
1113:1392-0502
1050:Tyla 1995
972:Senn 2007
960:Senn 2013
948:Senn 2007
652:Panevėžys
587:Ostashkov
515:1941–1958
443:1940–1941
405:Suvalkija
393:Comintern
342:Politburo
229:north of
209:Biography
629:Šiauliai
616:and two
571:Kretinga
509:kolkhozs
282:Šiauliai
278:Joniškis
231:Šiauliai
648:Vilnius
533:partorg
457:Vilnius
432:Pabradė
235:transl.
195:Vilnius
147:of the
76:Vilnius
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644:Žagarė
579:Biržai
567:Trakai
424:Alytus
401:raikom
353:, and
262:Šakyna
254:Žagarė
125:Awards
1254:(PDF)
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565:from
535:) in
525:Penza
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187:Penza
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1267:ISBN
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1128:ISBN
1109:ISSN
569:and
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280:and
242:Riga
189:and
160:Riga
65:Died
29:Born
624:.
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