42:
415:, but he imprisoned him out of fear of Timur. In 1403 the Timurids defeated Qara Yusuf at the Battle of Algami Canal and drove him out of Baghdad again, also killing his brother Yar Ali which made him to seek asylum in
316:
After his father's death in rebellion by Pir Hasan, Qara
Qoyunlu elders gathered to choose his brother Khwaja Misr, however more energetic Qara Yusuf prevailed in succession. He made short-term alliance with
651:, using the fact that none of his sons were accompanying their father. Despite defeating Iskander, twice, in 1420–21 and 1429, only in the third expedition of Shahrukh Mirza in 1434–35 did the
1008:
Armenia from the fall of the
Cilician Kingdom (1375) to the forced emigration under Shah Abbas (1604); and, A critical bibliography for the history of Armenia from 1375 to 1605
200:
520:
into the hands of Qara Yusuf after Bistam Beg urged him. Qara Yusuf declared his son as "sultan" and crowned him in 1411, however he was still in charge as regent.
426:. Together in prison, the two leaders renewed their friendship, making an agreement that Sultan Ahmed Jalayir should keep Baghdad while Qara Yusuf would have
469:
in which Miran Shah was killed. This battle, one of the most important in the history of the Orient, nullified the results of Timur's conquests in the West.
1260:
Dennis, George T. (1973). "The Last
Centuries of Byzantium. 1261–1453. By Donald M. Nicol. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1972, xii + 482 pp. $ 14.95".
1422:
1402:
508:. Sultan Ahmed Jalayir tried to seize Azerbaijan, but was defeated near Tabriz on 30 August 1410. He was captured and forced to abdicate in favor of
563:
In
October 1418, his son and nominal sultan Pirbudag died, which left Qara Yusuf in grief for days. He tried to forge an anti-Timurid alliance with
1007:
599:("term used to denote proclamations and letters announcing victories in battle or the successful conclusion of military campaigns" according to
488:
under the command of Bistam Beg. The same year, he marched to
Anatolia and deposed Salih Şihabeddin Ahmed (thus ending the Mardin branch of the
1337:
193:
41:
1178:
1051:
1417:
1211:
1084:
1029:
837:
804:
1024:
René Grousset. "The Empire of the
Steppes: A History of Central Asia", translated by N. Wallford. Rutgers University Press, 1970,
607:, right after Qara Yusuf's death his treasury was stolen by his nephews Qazan beg (Khwaja Misr's son) and Zeynal beg and taken to
186:
568:
1374:
1356:
56:
706:
612:
513:
504:
Having firmly established as a ruler of
Azerbaijan with Tabriz as his capital, Qara Yusuf fell foul of his former ally
450:
407:
they quarreled, and Qara Yusuf expelled Sultan Ahmed
Jalayir from the city. Sultan Ahmed Jalayir took refuge with the
233:
258:
956:
Ismail Aka, "Shahrukh's campaigns against Kara
Koyunlu" (in Turkish), E.Ü. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, pp. 4, 1989
392:
The
Timurids began another campaign in 1400 and defeated both the Qara Qoyunlu and the Jalayirids. Qara Yusuf and
248:
830:
The clan of the Qara Qoyunlu rulers / 60. doğum yılı münasebetiyle Fuad Köprülü armağanı = Mélanges Fuad Köprülü
533:
412:
238:
228:
223:
1307:
737:
668:
600:
243:
465:
tried to recapture Azerbaijan, but on 20 April 1408, Qara Yusuf inflicted a decisive defeat on them at the
1204:
A history of Cathay : a translation and linguistic analysis of a fifteenth-century Turkic manuscript
441:
Qara Yusuf, having returned from exile in Egypt and went back to Anatolia. He forced Timur's governor in
458:
466:
537:
1412:
1407:
1323:
529:
505:
445:
Izzaddin Shir to submit, while capturing Altamış, another viceroy set up by Timur and sending him to
393:
381:
280:
1046:. Lugal, Necâti., Sümer, Faruk. (2nd ed.). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. pp. 53–54.
1206:. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies. p. 172.
1285:
541:
435:
408:
253:
296:
dynasty (or "Black Sheep Turkomans") from c.1388 to 1420, although his reign was interrupted by
1333:
1303:
1277:
1217:
1207:
1184:
1174:
1121:
1090:
1080:
1057:
1047:
1025:
989:
939:
843:
833:
810:
800:
772:
624:
620:
477:
370:
1327:
832:(Doǧumunun 120. yılı münasebetiyle tıpkıbasım ed.). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
608:
1269:
979:
911:
751:
516:(another son of Qara Yusuf) to be governor of Baghdad. He was executed the next day passing
384:
against the Timurids, Qara Yusuf effectively secured the independence of the Qara Qoyunlu.
329:
At the beginning of Qara Yusuf's reign, the Qara Qoyunlu established an alliance with the
403:. In 1402 they returned together with an army. However, once they had retaken control of
644:
576:
434:. When Timur died in 1405 Nasir-ad-Din Faraj released them both. However, according to
423:
397:
1396:
1384:
1367:
719:
684:
648:
616:
591:(who demanded his submission) on 17 November 1420. According to Ahmad Faridun Bey's "
305:
301:
160:
84:
74:
560:
which was then under Mamluk rule in response to them granting asylum to Qara Osman.
873:
572:
438:, they were released on the orders of rebellious wali of Damascus – Sheykh Mahmud.
293:
150:
47:
1235:
799:. Öztürk, Mürsel (Birinci baskı ed.). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu. p. 34.
1140:
966:
Shahmoradi, Seyyed; Moradian, Mostafa; Montazerolghaem, Asghar (22 March 2013).
442:
916:
899:
1125:
732:
724:
676:
656:
628:
553:
549:
545:
481:
462:
427:
366:
350:
346:
342:
318:
170:
1281:
1094:
993:
847:
814:
1309:
A history of Sharvan and Darband in the 10th – 11th centuries by V. Minorsky
1221:
1188:
1061:
943:
680:
588:
400:
374:
349:. Not long after, he was released after his aunt Tatar Hatun paid ransom to
330:
297:
449:. He later moved on to Azerbaijan. He defeated the Timurid Abu Bakr at the
178:
17:
1113:
745:
700:
652:
632:
604:
564:
509:
489:
431:
416:
354:
111:
94:
984:
967:
1289:
759:
714:
688:
473:
404:
362:
334:
145:
1117:
655:
succeed, when he entrusted the government to Iskander's own brother,
557:
485:
454:
446:
338:
128:
1273:
532:, a loyal Timurid vassal was still reigning. The combined forces of
1010:. : Armenian Studies Program, California State University, Fresno.
672:
493:
492:), who was then married to a daughter of Yusuf and sent to govern
480:, which was fruitless. Another invasion force was sent to capture
358:
1170:
517:
353:. Soon Jalayirids and Qara Qoyunlu both were threatened by the
182:
46:
Modern picture of Qara Yusif leading Qara Qoyunlu army against
457:. In 1407 he raided Georgia, took 15,000 prisoners and killed
528:
Further consolidating his rule, he marched on Shirvan, where
938:(in Turkish). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu. pp. 57, 296.
631:
took his father's body to be buried in his ancestral town
556:
in 1417 and on 20 September 1418. He also made raids into
900:"Karayuluk Osman Bey Based on the Kitab-? Diyarbekkiryye"
512:(7 year old biological son of Qara Yusuf) and to appoint
396:
both fled and took refuge with the Mamelukes first, then
373:. In 1394, Timur imprisoned Khwaja Misr and sent him to
968:"The Religion of the Kara Koyunlu Dynasty: An Analysis"
675:'s great-granddaughter, a daughter of Abu Bakr, son of
287:
472:
In 1409 he entered Tabriz and sent a raiding party to
1110:
Müze-yi Hümayun Meskûkât-ı Kadime-i İslâmiye kataloğu
679:. Following Qara Yusuf's death, she was remarried by
1312:. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons Ltd. p. 137.
166:
156:
144:
134:
117:
105:
101:
90:
80:
70:
62:
55:
34:
1044:Kitāb-i Diyārbakriyya : Ak-Koyunlular tarihi
1006:Kouymjian, Dickran, and Dickran Kouymjian. 1998.
643:After the death of Qara Yusuf in December 1420,
1145:Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi
647:tried to take Azerbaijan from Qara Yusuf's son
422:Soon they were both imprisoned on the order of
345:. However, he was soon captured and jailed in
544:, 1412. He later revoked the governorship of
194:
8:
1329:Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Iran
300:'s invasion (1400–1405). He was the son of
1361:
1332:. Cambridge University Press. p. 35.
1141:"Fights Between Akkoyunlu and Karakoyunlu"
1020:
1018:
1016:
874:"KARAKOYUNLULAR – TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi"
321:against Pir Hasan and crushed his forces.
201:
187:
179:
40:
31:
1079:(in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Elm. p. 81.
983:
915:
771:Unnamed daughter married to Shamsaldin –
380:By collaborating on equal terms with the
1139:ÇAKMAK, Mehmet Ali (21 November 2014).
784:
292:; c. 1356 – 1420) was the ruler of the
1160:
1158:
1120:: Müze-yi Hümayun. pp. 450–455.
567:in 1420 unsuccessfully. According to
419:, which was then ruled by Mamelukes.
7:
1165:Fărzălibăi̐li, Shaḣin Fazil (1995).
929:
927:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
790:
788:
365:and 3 years later appointed his son
288:
1236:"FATḤ-NĀMA – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
548:from Bistam Beg and bestowed it on
1167:Azărbai̐jan vă osmanly imperii̐asy
453:on 14 October 1406 and reoccupied
25:
1075:A.A. Bakıxanov, ed. (2007–2008).
540:(lord of Shaki) were defeated on
1423:15th-century Qara Qoyunlu rulers
1403:14th-century Qara Qoyunlu rulers
898:Toksoy, Ahmet (1 January 2009).
667:He was married to a daughter of
552:in 1415. He repeatedly defeated
1357:List of rulers of Qara Qoyunlu
575:, he also sent an emissary to
1:
587:He died on his way to battle
430:. Ahmad also adopted his son
1202:Bellér-Hann, Ildikó (1995).
828:Minorsky, Vladimir (2010).
1439:
1042:Ṭihrānī, Abū Bakr (1993).
917:10.7827/TurkishStudies.773
904:Journal of Turkish Studies
795:Ṭihrānī, Abū Bakr (2014).
461:. Abu Bakr and his father
1381:
1372:
1364:
972:Asian Culture and History
878:islamansiklopedisi.org.tr
671:. He was also married to
219:
39:
1418:People from Van Province
669:Manuel III of Trebizond
357:from the east. In 1393
274:Qara Yusuf ibn Mohammad
1375:Sultan of Qara Qoyunlu
1108:Tevhid, Ahmet (1904).
579:around the same time.
569:Ghiyāth al-dīn Naqqāsh
304:, a brother-in-law to
302:Qara Mahammad Töremish
284:
57:Sultan of Qara Qoyunlu
29:Sultan of Qara Qoyunlu
1324:Manz, Beatrice Forbes
1077:History of Azerbaijan
934:Sümer, Faruk (1984).
797:Kitāb-ı Diyarbekriyye
601:Encyclopædia Iranica
506:Sultan Ahmed Jalayir
500:Defeating Jalayirids
451:Battle of Nakhchivan
394:Sultan Ahmed Jalayir
388:The Timurid Invasion
382:Sultan Ahmed Jalayir
109:1356 or 1357
1173:: ADN. p. 12.
985:10.5539/ach.v5n2p95
571:– Timurid envoy to
530:Shirvanshah Ibrahim
593:Munshat-us-Salatin
542:Battle of Chalagan
424:Nasir-ad-Din Faraj
409:Nasir-ad-Din Faraj
1391:
1390:
1382:Succeeded by
1339:978-1-139-46284-6
1240:iranicaonline.org
467:Battle of Sardrud
267:
266:
177:
176:
125:(aged 62–63)
16:(Redirected from
1430:
1365:Preceded by
1362:
1344:
1343:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1162:
1153:
1152:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1072:
1066:
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1033:
1022:
1011:
1004:
998:
997:
987:
963:
957:
954:
948:
947:
931:
922:
921:
919:
910:(3): 2133–2158.
895:
889:
888:
886:
884:
869:
852:
851:
825:
819:
818:
792:
538:Syed Ahmed Orlat
312:Rise to chiefdom
291:
290:
214:
203:
196:
189:
180:
124:
121:17 November 1420
44:
32:
21:
1438:
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1433:
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1274:10.2307/3164977
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1181:
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1156:
1138:
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1133:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1087:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1054:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1023:
1014:
1005:
1001:
965:
964:
960:
955:
951:
936:Kara Koyunlular
933:
932:
925:
897:
896:
892:
882:
880:
871:
870:
855:
840:
827:
826:
822:
807:
794:
793:
786:
781:
768:
697:
665:
659:as his vassal.
641:
585:
526:
502:
390:
327:
314:
268:
263:
215:
209:
207:
140:
127:Ujan pastures,
126:
122:
110:
51:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1426:
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1405:
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1371:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1315:
1295:
1262:Church History
1252:
1227:
1212:
1194:
1180:978-5552013982
1179:
1154:
1147:(in Turkish).
1131:
1100:
1085:
1067:
1053:978-9751605207
1052:
1034:
1012:
999:
958:
949:
923:
890:
872:Sümer, Faruk.
853:
838:
820:
805:
783:
782:
780:
777:
776:
775:
773:Emir of Bitlis
767:
764:
763:
762:
749:
735:
722:
717:
704:
696:
693:
664:
661:
645:Shahrukh Mirza
640:
637:
584:
581:
577:Yongle Emperor
536:, Ibrahim and
525:
522:
501:
498:
411:the Sultan of
398:Ottoman Sultan
389:
386:
369:as viceroy of
326:
323:
313:
310:
265:
264:
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261:
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251:
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119:
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107:
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72:
68:
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64:
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59:
53:
52:
45:
37:
36:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1435:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1386:
1385:Qara Iskander
1377:
1376:
1369:
1368:Qara Mahammad
1363:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1341:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1304:Minorskij, V.
1299:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
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1271:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1241:
1237:
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1228:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1213:0-933070-37-3
1209:
1205:
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1190:
1186:
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1176:
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1168:
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1119:
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1111:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1086:9789952448368
1082:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1030:0-8135-1304-9
1027:
1021:
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1017:
1013:
1009:
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1000:
995:
991:
986:
981:
977:
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962:
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945:
941:
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928:
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918:
913:
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905:
901:
894:
891:
879:
875:
868:
866:
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862:
860:
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854:
849:
845:
841:
839:9789751623393
835:
831:
824:
821:
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808:
806:9789751627520
802:
798:
791:
789:
785:
778:
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769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
750:
747:
743:
739:
736:
734:
730:
726:
723:
721:
720:Qara Iskander
718:
716:
712:
708:
707:Shah Muhammad
705:
703:(1403 – 1418)
702:
699:
698:
694:
692:
690:
686:
685:Khalilullah I
682:
678:
674:
670:
662:
660:
658:
654:
650:
649:Qara Iskander
646:
638:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
619:retreated to
618:
617:Qara Iskander
614:
613:Shah Muhammad
610:
606:
602:
598:
595:" Shahrukh's
594:
590:
582:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:Constantine I
531:
523:
521:
519:
515:
514:Shah Muhammad
511:
507:
499:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
476:, especially
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
399:
395:
387:
385:
383:
378:
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372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
324:
322:
320:
311:
309:
307:
306:Ahmad Jalayir
303:
299:
295:
286:
282:
278:
275:
272:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
218:
213:
210:Campaigns of
204:
199:
197:
192:
190:
185:
184:
181:
172:
169:
165:
162:
161:Qara Mahammad
159:
155:
152:
149:
147:
143:
139:Erciş, Turkey
137:
133:
130:
120:
116:
113:
108:
104:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
85:Qara Iskander
83:
79:
76:
75:Qara Mahammad
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
49:
43:
38:
33:
27:
19:
1373:
1328:
1318:
1308:
1298:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1239:
1230:
1203:
1197:
1166:
1148:
1144:
1134:
1109:
1103:
1076:
1070:
1043:
1037:
1002:
975:
971:
961:
952:
935:
907:
903:
893:
881:. Retrieved
877:
829:
823:
796:
755:
752:Amir Isfahan
741:
728:
710:
666:
642:
596:
592:
586:
562:
527:
503:
471:
440:
421:
413:Mamluk Egypt
391:
379:
328:
315:
294:Qara Qoyunlu
276:
273:
270:
269:
244:Shanbi Hazan
211:
151:Qara Qoyunlu
123:(1420-11-17)
48:Shirvanshahs
26:
1413:1357 births
1408:1420 deaths
524:Later reign
436:Faruk Sümer
333:dynasty in
325:Early reign
281:Azerbaijani
259:Akhaltsikhe
249:2nd Baghdad
229:1st Baghdad
97:(1411–1418)
71:Predecessor
1397:Categories
1379:1410–1420
1268:(4): 558.
1126:1030059221
779:References
733:Soltaniyeh
725:Jahan Shah
677:Miran Shah
657:Jahan Shah
629:Jahan Shah
603:) sent to
573:Ming China
554:Qara Osman
550:Jahan shah
546:Soltaniyeh
482:Sultaniyya
463:Miran Shah
459:Giorgi VII
428:Azerbaijan
371:Azerbaijan
367:Miran Shah
361:conquered
351:Qara Yuluq
343:Aq Qoyunlu
319:Qara Osman
285:Qara Yusif
234:Nakhchivan
212:Qara Yusuf
173:(possibly)
171:Shia Islam
35:Qara Yusuf
18:Kara Yusuf
1282:0009-6407
1245:24 August
1095:473170399
994:1916-9655
978:(2): 95.
883:22 August
848:890340135
815:890945955
766:Daughters
681:Shah Rukh
639:Aftermath
401:Bayezid I
375:Samarkand
331:Jalayirid
298:Tamerlane
289:قارا یوسف
91:Co-sultan
81:Successor
66:1389–1420
1351:See also
1326:(2007).
1306:(1958).
1222:33871338
1189:39091665
1114:Istanbul
1062:79217723
1032:, p. 458
944:23544001
746:Erzincan
738:Abu Said
701:Pirbudag
653:Timurids
627:. While
605:Mehmed I
597:Fathnama
589:Shahrukh
565:Mehmed I
510:Pirbudag
490:Artuqids
432:Pirbudag
417:Damascus
355:Timurids
341:against
271:Abu Nasr
254:Chalagan
167:Religion
95:Pirbudag
1290:3164977
760:Baghdad
748:c. 1420
715:Baghdad
689:Shirvan
474:Shirvan
405:Baghdad
363:Baghdad
347:Suşehri
335:Baghdad
239:Sardrud
146:Dynasty
50:in 1412
1336:
1288:
1280:
1220:
1210:
1187:
1177:
1124:
1118:Turkey
1093:
1083:
1060:
1050:
1028:
992:
942:
846:
836:
813:
803:
663:Family
558:Aintab
486:Qazvin
455:Tabriz
447:Barquq
339:Tabriz
277:Barani
224:Tabriz
157:Father
135:Burial
129:Tabriz
1286:JSTOR
673:Timur
633:Erciş
625:Barda
621:Ganja
609:Avnik
583:Death
494:Mosul
478:Shaki
359:Timur
112:Erciş
63:Reign
1334:ISBN
1278:ISSN
1247:2018
1218:OCLC
1208:ISBN
1185:OCLC
1175:ISBN
1171:Baku
1151:(3).
1122:OCLC
1091:OCLC
1081:ISBN
1058:OCLC
1048:ISBN
1026:ISBN
990:ISSN
940:OCLC
885:2018
844:OCLC
834:ISBN
811:OCLC
801:ISBN
756:wali
742:wali
729:wali
711:wali
695:Sons
623:and
615:and
518:Iraq
484:and
337:and
118:Died
106:Born
1270:doi
980:doi
912:doi
758:of
744:of
731:of
713:of
687:of
683:to
443:Van
1399::
1284:.
1276:.
1266:42
1264:.
1238:.
1216:.
1183:.
1169:.
1157:^
1149:25
1143:.
1116:,
1112:.
1089:.
1056:.
1015:^
988:.
974:.
970:.
926:^
906:.
902:.
876:.
856:^
842:.
809:.
787:^
754:–
740:–
727:–
709:–
691:.
635:.
611:.
496:.
377:.
308:.
283::
1342:.
1292:.
1272::
1249:.
1224:.
1191:.
1128:.
1097:.
1064:.
996:.
982::
976:5
946:.
920:.
914::
908:4
887:.
850:.
817:.
279:(
202:e
195:t
188:v
20:)
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