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688:(Reich Governor) of the State of Hamburg, thus uniting under his control the highest party and governmental offices in his jurisdiction. He commissioned the formation of a âsearch commando unitâ in the Hamburg State Police to suppress Communist and Socialist groups in the city. By September 1933, Kaufmann personally authorized the establishment of the
783:. After the Allied bombing raid of 15â16 September 1941 resulted in over 600 homeless in Hamburg, Kaufmann petitioned Hitler to allow him to deport local Jews so that he could confiscate their property to rehouse bombed-out Germans. Hitler quickly agreed, and the deportations began the following month, in this instance to the
898:
which resulted in the deaths of some 7,500 concentration camp inmates. He was eventually sentenced to 14 months' imprisonment for war crimes by a
British military court but was released on 22 April 1949 for health reasons relating to his head injury.
950:", a "rebel against the leader", and the "rescuer of Hamburg", because of the capitulation without struggle of the city of Hamburg. This viewpoint later came under intense criticism for ignoring the cruel anti-Semitic actions by Kaufmann.
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850:
in his Gau and began plans to defend the city. However, on 3 April 1945 in a meeting at Hitler's Berlin bunker, Kaufmann expressed doubt about the ability to defend the heavily damaged city and asked Hitler to declare
Hamburg an
606:
Ruhr) it comprised the entire
Rhenish-Westphalian industrial area. Again, a sort of triumvirate was established with Kaufmann, Pfeffer von Salomon and Goebbels sharing authority. However, conflicts and disputes among them led to
434:
and underwent pilot training but, due to a vision loss, was transferred to
Brunswick Infantry Regiment 92. He was hospitalized for pneumonia and was discharged at the end of the war without having seen front line action.
637:
accused him of embezzling Party funds. A Party investigating commission found evidence of irregularities but
Kaufmann was not removed from office. On 15 May 1927, he succeeded Goebbels as editor of the
665:, Germany's second largest city and one of the 17 federated States of Germany. He would retain this important post until the end of the Nazi regime in May 1945. In September 1930 he was elected to the
926:. Under surveillance by the British secret service, Kaufmann, Naumann and others were arrested on 15â16 January 1953. On 29 March 1953, Kaufmann was released from the British military hospital in
1319:
902:
Kaufmann subsequently joined the so-called "brotherhood", a right-wing underground organization of former Nazis. He was arrested again on 3 August 1950 but released on 18 November. Undergoing a
749:
on the evening of 9â10 November 1938, Kaufmann at a meeting in Munich phoned orders to the
Hamburg Nazi Party organization to destroy the synagogues, shops and apartments of Hamburg's Jews.
516:
Kaufmann joined the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in 1921. Though his membership number was unknown, in 1935 he was retroactively granted membership number 95. He co-founded the Nazi Party in the
454:, the largest most active, and most influential anti-Semitic federation in Germany and in 1921 he took over the leadership of their youth group in Elberfeld. In 1921 as a member of the
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879:, on 3 May surrendered the city to the British army which marched into Hamburg later that day. Kaufmann was arrested and interned on 4 May 1945. On route to being transferred to
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process, in
January 1951 he was classified into Group III (Minor Offender). He once again became involved in Neo-Nazi political activity as a member of the so-called
478:
930:. From 1959 on, he worked as a partner in an insurance company, and later as co-owner of a chemical factory. He lived in Hamburg until his death on 4 December 1969.
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Kaufmann was sent to an internment camp. In April 1946 he gave testimony at a
British war crimes tribunal investigating the sinking of the
720:(Leader of the State Government) on Kaufmann, thus granting him more direct authority over the administration of Hamburg at the expense of
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where he worked as a laborer. In
February 1925 when the ban on the Nazi Party was lifted, he moved back to the Ruhr and rejoined the SA.
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813:(Reich Commissioner) for Overseas Shipping. As such, he shared in the responsibility for supplying overseas elements of Germany's
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by Hitler before his suicide, agreed to surrender
Hamburg without a fight. Accordingly, the military commander in Hamburg,
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571:. This lasted until 26 September when Kaufmann was granted sole control. In September 1925, he became a member of the
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883:, he was involved in an auto accident resulting in a severe head injury which required a lengthy hospitalization.
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855:. Hitler responded by relieving him as Reich Defense Commissioner for the German Bight. However, on 2 May 1945,
840:) resulted in massive material destruction and unprecedented loss of life, estimated at nearly 40,000. Like all
629:(Supreme SA Leader). Kaufman's tenure was marked by further conflict and upheaval, particularly when his Deputy
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and other cities. During this time he was working as a woodworker and construction worker and joined the
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where he served until October 1930. Then in July 1928 he was made editor of the Nazi weekly newspaper
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825:. On 24 August 1942 he was additionally named as Reich Defense Commissioner for the Northern Coast (
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Hitlers Politische Generale. Die Gauleiter des Dritten Reiches: ein biographisches Nachschlagewerk
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Stubbe-da Luz, Helmut (2005). "Kaufmann, Karl". In Franklin Koplitzsch and Daniel Tilgner (ed.).
829:). On 16 November 1942, the jurisdiction of the Reich Defense Commissioners was changed from the
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from electoral constituency 34, (Hamburg), remaining a member until 1945. He was also named as a
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until age 16 and then trained as an agricultural worker. He entered military service during the
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in Poland. It is estimated that some 10,000 Hamburg Jews ultimately died during his tenure.
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was passed (effective 1 April) which enlarged Hamburg by the addition of several formerly
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where over 250 persons were eventually murdered. On 15 November 1933, Kaufmann joined the
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to the Gau level, and he retained control only over Gau Hamburg and the German Bight.
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Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925â1945
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On 7 March 1926 his Gau expanded by merging with the Gau Westphalia headed by
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1245:. Vol. II (Georg Joel â Dr. Bernhard Rust). R. James Bender Publishing.
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393:(10 October 1900 â 4 December 1969) was a German politician who served as a
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On 30 May 1942, as leader of Germany's largest seaport, Kaufmann was named
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704:. He would serve on the honorary SS leadership cadre in the staff of the
458:"von Killinger," he participated in actions against Polish insurgents in
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642:(National Socialist Letters). In May 1928 Kaufmann was elected to the
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on 20 June 1926. Goebbels would go on later that year to become the
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German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United Kingdom
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on 20 April 1941. On 30 January 1942, Kaufmann was promoted to SS-
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in the Ruhr until 1 October 1928 when the Gau was subdivided.
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In July 1925, at the age of only 25, Kaufmann became Acting
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Kaufmann was the son of a textile manufacturer. He attended
1264:(in German) (3 ed.). Ellert&Richter. p. 267.
771:(Military District) X which encompassed his Gau as well as
836:
The bombing of Hamburg between 24 July and 3 August 1943 (
1281:
SS Elite: The Senior Leaders of Hitler's Praetorian Guard
844:, on 18 October 1944, Kaufmann was made commander of the
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of Gau Rheinland-North in a power sharing agreement with
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resolving the issue in favor of Kaufmann becoming sole
16:
German Nazi, Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter of Hamburg
922:. This group tried to infiltrate political parties in
602:. Now renamed Gau Rhine-Ruhr (and still later renamed
550:. He was arrested, briefly detained and then moved to
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Kaufmann visiting Norway July 1942 in his capacity as
675:(Secretary) and a member of its executive committee.
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728:. Also in 1936, Kaufmann became the editor of the
1695:Nazis who participated in the Beer Hall Putsch
1685:National Socialist Working Association members
716:On 30 July 1936, Hitler bestowed the title of
438:From February 1919 to May 1920 Kaufmann was a
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8:
1241:Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2017).
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761:on 1 September 1939, Kaufmann was appointed
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650:(The New Front) in Essen. He remained as
591:. It was dissolved in 1926 following the
495:Reichskommissar fĂŒr die deutsche Seefahrt
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501:, Reichskommissar for Norway during the
1181:Newspaper clippings about Karl Kaufmann
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978:
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678:On 16 May 1933, a few months after the
587:and unsuccessfully sought to amend the
451:Deutschvölkischer Schutz- und Trutzbund
1680:National Socialist Motor Corps members
942:(The last chapter) published in 1947,
794:(NSKK), Kaufmann was promoted to NSKK-
623:and Pfeffer von Salomon was soon made
573:National Socialist Working Association
174:7 March 1926 â 1 October 1928
7:
1650:German Army personnel of World War I
1283:. Vol. II. Fonthill Media LLC.
538:(SA). He participated in the failed
466:. Wanted by the police, he fled to
123:15 April 1929 â 3 May 1945
1745:Members of the Reichstag 1938â1945
1740:Members of the Reichstag 1936â1938
1735:Members of the Reichstag 1933â1936
1725:Members of the Reichstag 1932â1933
1670:Members of the Reichstag 1930â1932
14:
1660:Members of the Landtag of Prussia
1640:Holocaust perpetrators in Germany
219:July 1925 â 7 March 1926
75:16 May 1933 â 3 May 1945
1710:20th-century Freikorps personnel
335:
1175:Information about Karl Kaufmann
657:On 15 April 1929, he was named
946:described Kaufmann as a "good
792:National Socialist Motor Corps
690:FuhlsbĂŒttel concentration camp
640:Nationalsozialistischen Briefe
370:Brunswick Infantry Regiment 92
26:For the Austrian painter, see
1:
1730:Members of the Reichstag 1933
1665:Members of the Reichstag 1932
585:"socialist" wing of the Party
524:(Local Groups) in Elberfeld,
402:from 1925 to 1945 and as the
1205:. TĂŒbingen: Grabert-Verlag.
920:Reich Ministry of Propaganda
1185:20th Century Press Archives
510:National Archives of Norway
1761:
1226:. New York: Random House.
763:Reich Defense Commissioner
732:, a Nazi daily newspaper.
726:Governing Mayor of Hamburg
718:FĂŒhrer der Landesregierung
25:
18:
1341:
1220:Longerich, Peter (2015).
1177:in the Reichstag database
698:(SS) with the rank of SS-
682:, Kaufmann was named the
600:Franz Pfeffer von Salomon
384:
247:
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1705:Sturmabteilung personnel
1655:German newspaper editors
1346:Wilhelm Friedrich Loeper
1147:Miller & Schulz 2017
1135:Miller & Schulz 2017
1123:Miller & Schulz 2017
1111:Miller & Schulz 2017
1087:Miller & Schulz 2017
1063:Miller & Schulz 2017
1051:Miller & Schulz 2017
1039:Miller & Schulz 2017
1027:Miller & Schulz 2017
1003:Miller & Schulz 2017
991:Miller & Schulz 2017
448:. In 1920 he joined the
19:Not to be confused with
864:who had been appointed
735:On 26 January 1937 the
673:Reichstag SchriftfĂŒhrer
579:, organized and led by
505:1940â1945, to his left.
261:Karl Otto Kurt Kaufmann
28:Karl Kaufmann (painter)
1675:Naumann Circle members
1542:Siegfried Uiberreither
1504:Wladimir von Pawlowski
1368:Robert Heinrich Wagner
1279:Williams, Max (2017).
1201:Höffkes, Karl (1986).
773:Gau Schleswig-Holstein
583:, which supported the
513:
446:Marinebrigade Ehrhardt
208:of Gau Rhineland-North
1422:Friedrich Hildebrandt
1223:Goebbels: A Biography
722:Carl Vincent Krogmann
680:Nazi seizure of power
481:
359:Years of service
1715:Volkssturm personnel
1700:SS-ObergruppenfĂŒhrer
1378:Franz Ritter von Epp
838:"Operation Gomorrah"
757:At the start of the
542:of November 1923 in
491:SS-ObergruppenfĂŒhrer
408:(Reich Governor) of
353:Imperial German Army
1604:Baldur von Schirach
1532:Gustav Adolf Scheel
1498:Danzig-West Prussia
981:, pp. 170â171.
775:, and most of Gaue
737:Greater Hamburg Act
730:Hamburger Tageblatt
713:from 1936 to 1945.
412:from 1933 to 1945.
1690:Nazi propagandists
1330:Reichsstatthalters
1159:Stubbe-da Luz 2005
1137:, pp. 71, 74.
944:Kurt Detlev Möller
940:Das letzte Kapitel
934:Apologetic account
753:Wartime activities
644:Landtag of Prussia
626:Oberster SA-FĂŒhrer
621:Berlin-Brandenburg
593:Bamberg Conference
514:
275:Kingdom of Prussia
242:Position abolished
197:Position abolished
1617:
1616:
1464:Martin Mutschmann
1290:978-1-78155-434-0
1252:978-1-932970-32-6
1125:, pp. 63â71.
1113:, pp. 62â63.
1089:, pp. 61â62.
1053:, pp. 57â58.
1041:, pp. 55â56.
1017:, pp. 70â71.
1005:, pp. 53â54.
993:, pp. 52â53.
802:ObergruppenfĂŒhrer
797:ObergruppenfĂŒhrer
685:Reichsstatthalter
512:
487:Reichsstatthalter
474:Nazi Party career
405:Reichsstatthalter
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157:of Gau Rhein-Ruhr
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781:Eastern Hanover
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707:ReichsfĂŒhrer-SS
581:Gregor Strasser
565:Joseph Goebbels
546:, then fled to
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1204:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1155:
1152:
1149:, p. 74.
1148:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1101:, p. 54.
1100:
1099:Williams 2017
1095:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1065:, p. 58.
1064:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1029:, p. 55.
1028:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1004:
999:
996:
992:
987:
984:
980:
975:
972:
968:
963:
960:
953:
951:
949:
945:
941:
933:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
914:, the former
913:
909:
905:
900:
897:
896:
886:
884:
882:
878:
875:
874:
869:
868:
863:
860:
859:
854:
849:
848:
843:
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
823:
818:
817:
812:
811:
805:
803:
799:
798:
793:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
769:
764:
760:
752:
750:
748:
747:
746:Kristallnacht
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
709:
708:
703:
702:
697:
696:
695:Schutzstaffel
691:
687:
686:
681:
676:
674:
670:
669:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
632:
628:
627:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
589:Party program
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:
555:
553:
552:Upper Bavaria
549:
545:
541:
537:
536:
531:
527:
523:
519:
511:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
473:
471:
469:
465:
461:
460:Upper Silesia
457:
453:
452:
447:
443:
442:
436:
433:
429:
425:
424:
415:
413:
411:
407:
406:
401:
400:
396:
392:
391:Karl Kaufmann
383:
380:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
354:
351:
347:
344:
343:German Empire
333:
329:
324:
320:
317:
313:
310:
307:
303:
300:
296:
287:
283:
280:
279:German Empire
276:
272:
268:
259:
255:
250:
246:
243:
240:
234:
231:
228:
222:
216:
211:
207:
206:
201:
198:
195:
189:
186:
183:
177:
171:
166:
162:
156:
155:
150:
147:
144:
138:
135:
134:Hinrich Lohse
132:
126:
120:
115:
112:
108:
107:
102:
99:
96:
90:
87:
84:
78:
72:
67:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
46:
41:
37:Karl Kaufmann
34:
29:
22:
1522:Lower Danube
1484:Wilhelm Murr
1450:Adolf Hitler
1436:Paul Wegener
1408:Alfred Meyer
1387:
1335:Nazi Germany
1328:
1280:
1261:
1242:
1221:
1202:
1154:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1106:
1094:
1082:
1075:Höffkes 1986
1070:
1058:
1046:
1034:
1022:
1010:
998:
986:
979:Höffkes 1986
974:
967:Höffkes 1986
962:
947:
939:
938:In his book
937:
924:West Germany
901:
894:
890:
873:Generalmajor
871:
865:
858:Grossadmiral
856:
845:
841:
835:
830:
827:German Bight
822:Afrika Korps
820:
814:
808:
806:
801:
795:
789:
766:
756:
744:
734:
729:
724:the titular
717:
715:
705:
699:
693:
683:
677:
672:
666:
658:
656:
651:
647:
639:
630:
624:
616:
612:
609:Adolf Hitler
603:
597:
576:
569:Viktor Lutze
558:
556:
533:
521:
515:
455:
449:
439:
437:
421:
419:
403:
397:
390:
389:
375:Battles/wars
299:West Germany
290:(1969-12-04)
241:
237:Succeeded by
214:
203:
196:
192:Succeeded by
184:
169:
160:
152:
145:
141:Succeeded by
118:
104:
97:
93:Succeeded by
85:
70:
56:
1635:1969 deaths
1630:1900 births
1590:Willi Stöhr
1562:Franz Hofer
1556:Sudetenland
1488:WĂŒrttemberg
1426:Mecklenburg
862:Karl Dönitz
785:ĆĂłdĆș Ghetto
663:Gau Hamburg
379:World War I
305:Nationality
225:Preceded by
180:Preceded by
129:Preceded by
111:Gau Hamburg
81:Preceded by
1645:Gauleiters
1624:Categories
1580:Wartheland
1570:Vorarlberg
1432:Carl Röver
954:References
895:Cap Arcona
877:Alwin Wolz
847:Volkssturm
842:Gauleiters
701:OberfĂŒhrer
635:Erich Koch
548:Westphalia
522:Ortsgruppe
423:realschule
416:Early life
395:Nazi Party
331:Allegiance
319:Nazi Party
230:Axel Ripke
1512:Carinthia
1478:Thuringia
1440:Oldenburg
1362:Brunswick
948:Gauleiter
881:Nuremberg
853:open city
831:Wehrkreis
816:Wehrmacht
777:Weser-Ems
768:Wehrkreis
668:Reichstag
659:Gauleiter
652:Gauleiter
631:Gauleiter
617:Gauleiter
613:Gauleiter
577:Gauleiter
560:Gauleiter
518:Ruhr area
483:Gauleiter
456:Freikorps
441:Freikorps
428:Elberfeld
399:Gauleiter
362:1917-1918
215:In office
205:Gauleiter
170:In office
154:Gauleiter
119:In office
106:Gauleiter
71:In office
1594:Westmark
1536:Salzburg
928:Iserlohn
741:Prussian
159:(later,
1458:Prussia
1392:Hamburg
1382:Bavaria
1195:Sources
1187:of the
1183:in the
918:in the
604:GroĂgau
508:Photo:
497:(RKS).
468:Bavaria
410:Hamburg
321:(NSDAP)
295:Hamburg
267:Krefeld
161:GroĂgau
63:Hamburg
1608:Vienna
1602:&
1588:&
1546:Styria
1530:&
1506:&
1468:Saxony
1452:&
1444:Bremen
1434:&
1358:Anhalt
1352:&
1287:
1268:
1249:
1230:
1209:
544:Munich
530:Bochum
489:, and
340:
309:German
1566:Tyrol
1412:Lippe
1402:Hesse
1372:Baden
526:Essen
163:Ruhr)
1285:ISBN
1266:ISBN
1247:ISBN
1228:ISBN
1207:ISBN
779:and
765:for
567:and
464:Ruhr
367:Unit
285:Died
257:Born
1333:of
1189:ZBW
893:SS
661:of
619:of
426:in
109:of
61:of
1626::
1348:,
804:.
633:,
595:.
528:,
485:,
470:.
297:,
277:,
273:,
269:,
1610:)
1606:(
1596:)
1592:(
1582:)
1578:(
1572:)
1568:/
1564:(
1558:)
1554:(
1548:)
1544:(
1538:)
1534:(
1524:)
1520:(
1514:)
1510:(
1500:)
1496:(
1490:)
1486:(
1480:)
1476:(
1470:)
1466:(
1460:)
1456:(
1446:)
1442:/
1438:(
1428:)
1424:(
1418:)
1414:/
1410:(
1404:)
1400:(
1394:)
1390:(
1384:)
1380:(
1374:)
1370:(
1364:)
1360:/
1356:(
1321:e
1314:t
1307:v
1293:.
1274:.
1255:.
1236:.
1215:.
30:.
23:.
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