776:
128:
320:, with an estimated divergence between the two genera in the Early Cretaceous. Other subsequent studies have endorsed its placement as a member of Sphenodontidae. Like most other rhynchocephalians, the teeth are
316:. A 2020 analysis of rhyncocephalian relationships found it to be outside Opisthodontia, and instead a member of the Sphenodontinae as the closest known relative of the
1677:
1723:
308:, making it the youngest known definitive representative of Rhynchocephalia outside of New Zealand. In the original description, it was found to be a member of
1728:
1758:
562:
1664:
1768:
456:"Sphenodontian phylogeny and the impact of model choice in Bayesian morphological clock estimates of divergence times and evolutionary rates"
515:"New small reptile remains from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia increase morphological diversity of sphenodontids (Lepidosauria)"
292:, the jaw when complete was estimated to be 11 cm long, making it among the largest known sphenodontians. A second species,
1773:
1763:
1743:
1733:
555:
1778:
1738:
127:
775:
665:
1718:
548:
1456:
513:
Agnolín, Federico L.; Aranciaga
Rolando, A. Mauro; Chimento, Nicolás R.; Novas, Fernando E. (October 2023).
313:
1617:
289:
1690:
1296:
1248:
358:
638:
305:
296:, around 1/3 the size of the type species, was described in 2014 also from jaw fragments in early
1748:
1655:
1282:
925:
514:
122:
1695:
1187:
1753:
1682:
1091:
969:
752:
650:
495:
477:
436:
418:
376:
1542:
1469:
908:
882:
807:
526:
485:
467:
426:
410:
366:
1571:
1431:
1369:
1328:
1053:
735:
707:
677:
571:
269:
265:
179:
362:
1526:
1506:
1316:
1272:
1228:
1022:
979:
948:
935:
892:
869:
817:
490:
455:
431:
398:
309:
1712:
1556:
1549:
1379:
1348:
1338:
1112:
1102:
1036:
1013:
999:
989:
847:
745:
81:
1409:
1399:
1289:
1194:
1123:
1081:
857:
827:
786:
607:
215:
189:
1640:
530:
399:"The youngest South American rhynchocephalian, a survivor of the K/Pg extinction"
1649:
1563:
1420:
1164:
1134:
1029:
759:
56:
472:
371:
346:
1514:
1499:
1491:
1304:
1258:
1201:
1178:
1154:
837:
623:
454:
Simões, Tiago R.; Caldwell, Michael W.; Pierce, Stephanie E. (December 2020).
101:
66:
481:
422:
380:
1535:
1484:
1441:
1388:
1144:
347:"A Late Campanian sphenodontid (Reptilia, Diapsida) from northern Patagonia"
297:
285:
277:
273:
139:
106:
50:
38:
30:
499:
440:
414:
397:
Apesteguía, Sebastián; Gómez, Raúl O.; Rougier, Guillermo W. (2014-10-07).
1634:
1070:
595:
325:
321:
159:
96:
91:
76:
71:
61:
42:
1669:
1238:
601:
317:
169:
111:
86:
589:
301:
149:
34:
1611:
312:, in some other subsequent analyses it was found to be a member of
540:
1615:
582:
544:
284:, was described in 2005 from jaw fragments found in late
403:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
1453:
1437:
1427:
1416:
1405:
1395:
1375:
1365:
1354:
1344:
1334:
1324:
1269:
1254:
1244:
1234:
1224:
1175:
1160:
1150:
1140:
1130:
1119:
1108:
1098:
1087:
1077:
1066:
1010:
995:
985:
975:
965:
931:
921:
888:
878:
853:
843:
833:
823:
813:
803:
732:
1624:
1525:
1452:
1315:
1268:
1211:
1174:
1051:
1009:
946:
906:
867:
784:
731:
676:
649:
622:
556:
8:
328:, and it probably had an omnivorous habit.
1612:
1461:
1217:
1059:
958:
954:
914:
796:
792:
728:
724:
655:
628:
619:
579:
563:
549:
541:
519:Proceedings of the Geologists' Association
20:
489:
471:
430:
370:
337:
7:
1724:Cretaceous reptiles of South America
392:
390:
345:Apesteguía, Sebastián (2005-12-01).
280:in South America. The type species,
1729:Paleocene reptiles of South America
14:
1759:Campanian genus first appearances
774:
126:
1:
1769:Fossil taxa described in 2005
531:10.1016/j.pgeola.2023.09.007
1795:
473:10.1186/s12915-020-00901-5
372:10.1016/j.crpv.2005.06.003
1464:
1220:
1062:
961:
957:
917:
799:
795:
771:
727:
723:
704:
658:
631:
618:
578:
244:Kawasphenodon peligrensis
239:
234:
221:
214:
123:Scientific classification
121:
23:
16:Extinct genus of reptiles
268:reptile, known from the
224:Kawasphenodon expectatus
264:is an extinct genus of
415:10.1098/rspb.2014.0811
351:Comptes Rendus Palevol
290:Los Alamitos Formation
288:aged sediments in the
1774:Golfo San Jorge Basin
1764:Paleocene extinctions
1691:Paleobiology Database
1744:Fossils of Argentina
1734:Cretaceous Argentina
1779:Salamanca Formation
1739:Paleogene Argentina
363:2005CRPal...4..663A
306:Salamanca Formation
304:) sediments of the
1283:Palaeopleurosaurus
926:Planocephalosaurus
409:(1792): 20140811.
1706:
1705:
1618:Taxon identifiers
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1092:Lanceirosphenodon
1047:
1046:
970:Lanceirosphenodon
902:
901:
769:
768:
753:Penegephyrosaurus
719:
718:
715:
714:
700:
699:
696:
695:
666:Lepidosauromorpha
651:Lepidosauromorpha
257:
256:
210:
1786:
1699:
1698:
1686:
1685:
1673:
1672:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1613:
1543:Kaikaifilusaurus
1470:Fraserosphenodon
1462:
1455:
1439:
1429:
1418:
1407:
1397:
1377:
1367:
1356:
1346:
1336:
1326:
1271:
1256:
1246:
1236:
1226:
1218:
1177:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1132:
1121:
1110:
1100:
1089:
1079:
1068:
1060:
1012:
997:
987:
977:
967:
959:
955:
933:
923:
915:
909:Acrosphenodontia
890:
883:Paleollanosaurus
880:
855:
845:
835:
825:
815:
808:Diphydontosaurus
805:
797:
793:
779:
778:
734:
729:
725:
656:
629:
620:
613:
612:
580:
565:
558:
551:
542:
535:
534:
510:
504:
503:
493:
475:
451:
445:
444:
434:
394:
385:
384:
374:
342:
229:Apesteguía, 2005
209:Apesteguía, 2005
208:
201:
131:
130:
116:
53:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1719:Rhynchocephalia
1709:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1694:
1689:
1681:
1676:
1668:
1663:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1620:
1610:
1577:
1572:Toxolophosaurus
1521:
1448:
1370:Navajosphenodon
1329:Ankylosphenodon
1311:
1264:
1213:
1207:
1170:
1056:
1054:Neosphenodontia
1043:
1005:
951:
942:
911:
898:
863:
789:
780:
773:
765:
736:Gephyrosauridae
711:
708:Rhynchocephalia
692:
678:Rhynchocephalia
672:
645:
614:
585:
584:
574:
572:Rhynchocephalia
569:
539:
538:
512:
511:
507:
453:
452:
448:
396:
395:
388:
344:
343:
339:
334:
270:Late Cretaceous
230:
227:
207:
199:
180:Rhynchocephalia
125:
117:
115:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
49:72.1–66.1
48:
47:
46:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1792:
1790:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1711:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1687:
1674:
1661:
1646:
1630:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1531:
1529:
1527:Eilenodontinae
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1511:
1507:Pleurosauridae
1503:
1496:
1488:
1481:
1473:
1465:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1435:
1425:
1414:
1403:
1393:
1384:
1373:
1363:
1352:
1342:
1332:
1321:
1319:
1317:Sphenodontidae
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1286:
1278:
1276:
1273:Pleurosauridae
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1252:
1242:
1232:
1229:Lamarquesaurus
1221:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1183:
1181:
1179:Sapheosauridae
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1158:
1148:
1138:
1128:
1117:
1106:
1096:
1085:
1075:
1063:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1033:
1026:
1023:Brachyrhinodon
1018:
1016:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
993:
983:
980:Microsphenodon
973:
962:
952:
949:Eusphenodontia
947:
944:
943:
941:
940:
936:Godavarisaurus
929:
918:
912:
907:
904:
903:
900:
899:
897:
896:
893:Whitakersaurus
886:
875:
873:
870:Incertae sedis
865:
864:
862:
861:
851:
841:
831:
821:
818:Godavarisaurus
811:
800:
790:
785:
782:
781:
772:
770:
767:
766:
764:
763:
756:
749:
741:
739:
721:
720:
717:
716:
713:
712:
705:
702:
701:
698:
697:
694:
693:
691:
690:
689:
688:
682:
680:
674:
673:
671:
670:
669:
668:
659:
653:
647:
646:
644:
643:
642:
641:
632:
626:
616:
615:
611:
610:
604:
598:
592:
583:
576:
575:
570:
568:
567:
560:
553:
545:
537:
536:
505:
446:
386:
357:(8): 663–669.
336:
335:
333:
330:
324:, with a deep
310:Sphenodontidae
294:K. peligrensis
255:
254:
253:
252:
237:
236:
235:Other species
232:
231:
228:
219:
218:
212:
211:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
119:
118:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
54:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1791:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1656:Kawasphenodon
1651:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1626:Kawasphenodon
1623:
1619:
1614:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1557:Priosphenodon
1554:
1552:
1551:
1550:Patagosphenos
1547:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1477:Kawasphenodon
1474:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:Opisthodontia
1451:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1380:Pamizinsaurus
1374:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:Kawasphenodon
1353:
1351:
1350:
1349:Derasmosaurus
1343:
1341:
1340:
1339:Cynosphenodon
1333:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1212:"Eupropalinal
1210:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:Rebbanasaurus
1107:
1105:
1104:
1103:Pamizinsaurus
1097:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1039:
1038:
1037:Polysphenodon
1034:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1014:Clevosauridae
1008:
1002:
1001:
1000:Polysphenodon
994:
992:
991:
990:Opisthiamimus
984:
982:
981:
974:
972:
971:
964:
963:
960:
956:
953:
950:
945:
938:
937:
930:
928:
927:
920:
919:
916:
913:
910:
905:
895:
894:
887:
885:
884:
877:
876:
874:
872:
871:
866:
860:
859:
852:
850:
849:
848:Rebbanasaurus
842:
840:
839:
832:
830:
829:
822:
820:
819:
812:
810:
809:
802:
801:
798:
794:
791:
788:
783:
777:
762:
761:
757:
755:
754:
750:
748:
747:
746:Gephyrosaurus
743:
742:
740:
737:
730:
726:
722:
710:
709:
703:
686:
685:
684:
683:
681:
679:
675:
667:
663:
662:
661:
660:
657:
654:
652:
648:
640:
636:
635:
634:
633:
630:
627:
625:
621:
617:
609:
605:
603:
599:
597:
593:
591:
587:
586:
581:
577:
573:
566:
561:
559:
554:
552:
547:
546:
543:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
509:
506:
501:
497:
492:
487:
483:
479:
474:
469:
465:
461:
457:
450:
447:
442:
438:
433:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
393:
391:
387:
382:
378:
373:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
341:
338:
331:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:Opisthodontia
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:K. expectatus
279:
275:
271:
267:
266:sphenodontian
263:
262:
261:Kawasphenodon
250:
246:
245:
241:
240:
238:
233:
226:
225:
220:
217:
213:
206:
205:
204:Kawasphenodon
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
129:
124:
120:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
44:
40:
36:
32:
26:
25:Kawasphenodon
22:
19:
1625:
1570:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1513:
1505:
1498:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1440:
1430:
1419:
1410:Sphenovipera
1408:
1400:Sphenofontis
1398:
1387:
1386:
1378:
1368:
1358:
1357:
1347:
1337:
1327:
1303:
1295:
1290:Pleurosaurus
1288:
1281:
1257:
1247:
1237:
1227:
1214:sphenodonts"
1200:
1195:Sapheosaurus
1193:
1186:
1163:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1124:Sphenocondor
1122:
1111:
1101:
1090:
1082:Homoeosaurus
1080:
1069:
1035:
1028:
1021:
998:
988:
978:
968:
934:
924:
891:
881:
868:
858:Sphenocondor
856:
846:
836:
828:Micromenodon
826:
816:
806:
787:Sphenodontia
758:
751:
744:
706:
608:Lepidosauria
606:Superorder:
522:
518:
508:
463:
459:
449:
406:
402:
354:
350:
340:
293:
281:
260:
259:
258:
248:
243:
242:
223:
222:
216:Type species
203:
202:
190:Sphenodontia
24:
18:
1650:Wikispecies
1564:Sphenotitan
1515:Sapheosaurs
1421:Theretairus
1165:Leptosaurus
1135:Theretairus
1030:Clevosaurus
760:Deltadectes
460:BMC Biology
247:Apesteguía
1713:Categories
1500:Trullidens
1492:Pelecymala
1305:Vadasaurus
1259:Vadasaurus
1202:Oenosaurus
1155:Kallimodon
838:Pelecymala
687:see below↓
639:Sauropsida
624:Sauropsida
466:(1): 191.
332:References
186:Suborder:
1749:Tiupampan
1641:Q11737548
1536:Eilenodon
1485:Opisthias
1442:Zapatadon
1389:Sphenodon
1297:Tingitana
1249:Tingitana
1188:Piocormus
1145:Zapatadon
588:Kingdom:
525:: 36–44.
482:1741-7007
423:0962-8452
381:1631-0683
298:Paleocene
286:Campanian
278:Patagonia
274:Paleocene
146:Kingdom:
140:Eukaryota
39:Tiupampan
31:Campanian
1754:Peligran
1635:Wikidata
1071:Colobops
602:Reptilia
596:Chordata
594:Phylum:
590:Animalia
500:33287835
441:25143041
322:acrodont
170:Reptilia
160:Chordata
156:Phylum:
150:Animalia
136:Domain:
43:Peligran
1683:1474090
1670:8702045
1239:Sigmala
600:Class:
491:7720557
432:4150314
359:Bibcode
326:dentary
318:tuatara
196:Genus:
176:Order:
166:Class:
1696:172487
498:
488:
480:
439:
429:
421:
379:
302:Danian
251:, 2014
249:et al.
35:Danian
1678:IRMNG
1665:GBIF
1432:Tika
664:see
637:see
496:PMID
478:ISSN
437:PMID
419:ISSN
377:ISSN
272:and
57:PreꞒ
527:doi
523:135
486:PMC
468:doi
427:PMC
411:doi
407:281
367:doi
276:of
1715::
1693::
1680::
1667::
1652::
1637::
521:.
517:.
494:.
484:.
476:.
464:18
462:.
458:.
435:.
425:.
417:.
405:.
401:.
389:^
375:.
365:.
353:.
349:.
107:Pg
51:Ma
1567:?
1518:?
1510:?
1495:?
1480:?
1454:†
1445:?
1438:†
1428:†
1424:?
1417:†
1413:?
1406:†
1396:†
1383:?
1376:†
1366:†
1362:?
1355:†
1345:†
1335:†
1325:†
1308:?
1300:?
1275:?
1270:†
1255:†
1245:†
1235:†
1225:†
1176:†
1161:†
1151:†
1141:†
1131:†
1127:?
1120:†
1116:?
1109:†
1099:†
1095:?
1088:†
1078:†
1074:?
1067:†
1040:?
1011:†
996:†
986:†
976:†
966:†
939:?
932:†
922:†
889:†
879:†
854:†
844:†
834:†
824:†
814:†
804:†
738:?
733:†
564:e
557:t
550:v
533:.
529::
502:.
470::
443:.
413::
383:.
369::
361::
355:4
300:(
200:†
112:N
102:K
97:J
92:T
87:P
82:C
77:D
72:S
67:O
62:Ꞓ
45:)
41:-
37:(
33:-
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