250:
to target katanin. The p80 katanin has multiple domains with different functions. One domain targets the centrosome, another augments microtubule severing by the p60 katanin, and the last suppresses microtubule severing. The abundance of katanin in the neurons show they can move along the axon. There is breakage of microtubules at the axonal branch points and in the growth cones of the neurons. The distribution of katanin in the neuron helps understand the phenomenon for regulating microtubule length and number, as well as releasing the microtubules from the centrosome.
269:, which contains highly organized cellulose, the orientation of which is affected by microtubules that serve to guide the deposition of forming fibers. The orientation of the cellulose microfibrils within the cell wall is determined by the microtubules, which are aligned perpendicular to the major axis of cell expansion. Because plant cells lack traditional centrosomes, katanin accumulates at the
296:
in the presence of ATP. It directly interacts with microtubules in co-sedimentation assays. The ATPase activity was stimulated in a non-hyperbolic way. ATP hydrolysis is stimulated at a low tubulin/At-p60 ratio and inhibited at higher ratios. The low ratios favor the katanin subunit interactions,
249:
In the nervous system, the ratio of the two subunits is dramatically different from other organs of the body. So it is important to be able to regulate the ratio to control microtubule severing. The monomer p80 is found in all the compartments of the neuron, which means its function cannot be solely
108:
of katanin for microtubules and stimulates its ATPase activity. Once this structure is formed, katanin hydrolyzes ATP, and likely undergoes a conformational change that puts mechanical strain on the tubulin subunits, which destabilizes their interactions within the microtubule lattice. The predicted
218:
during developmental migration, in which the fragments run perpendicular to the advancing cell membrane to aid exploration. The local nature of both fragmentation events likely indicates regulation by katanin because it can be concentrated in specific cellular regions. This is supported by a study
280:
During cell elongation, microtubules must adjust their orientation constantly to keep up with the increasing cell length. This constant change in microtubule organization was proposed to be performed by the rapid disassembly, assembly, and translocation of microtubules. Recently, mutations in the
164:
for cell division. This regulation is indirect: MAP proteins, which protect the microtubules from being severed during interphase, dissociate and allow katanin to act. In addition, katanin is responsible for severing microtubules at the mitotic spindles when disassembly is required to segregate
129:
by promoting microtubule disassembly and efficient movement. During cell division, severing at the spindle pole produces free microtubule ends and allows poleward flux of tubulin and retraction of the microtubule. Severing microtubules in the cytoplasm facilitates
199:
growth, and, thus, katanin must be carefully regulated for proper neural development. In particular, severing microtubules in specific cellular spaces allows fragments to test various routes of growth. Katanin has proved necessary in this task. An experiment using
179:. It was reported that Mei-1 and Mei-2 to encode similar proteins to the p60 and p80 subunits of katanin. Using antibodies, these two proteins were found to localize at the ends of microtubules in the meiotic spindle, and, when expressed in
109:
conformational change also likely decreases the affinity of katanin for tubulin as well as for other katanin proteins, which leads to disassembly of the katanin ring structure, and recycling of the individual inactivated proteins.
245:
and even modest levels of it can cause significant microtubule depletion. But microtubules need to be severed throughout other compartments of the neuron so that sufficient numbers of microtubules can undergo rapid transport.
124:
were injected into a cell, causing a large accumulation of microtubules around the centrosome and inhibition of microtubule outgrowth. Therefore, katanin-mediated severing may serve to maintain organization in the
506:
Actomyosin-based retrograde flow of microtubules in the lamella of migrating epithelial cells influences microtubule dynamic instability and turnover and is associated with microtubule breakage and treadmilling.
100:. However, when these protofilaments are part of a polymerized microtubule, the stabilizing interactions created by the surrounding lattice lock subunits into a straight conformation, even after GTP
183:, these proteins initiated microtubule severing. These findings indicate that katanin serves a similar purpose in both mitosis and meiosis in segregating chromatids toward the spindle poles.
364:
297:
whereas the high ratios show impairment. The At-p60 can oligomerize like the ones in animals. The At-p60 interacts directly with microtubules, whereas the animal p60 bind via their
104:. In order to disrupt these stable interactions, katanin, once bound to ATP, oligomerizes into a ring structure on the microtubule wall - in some cases oligomerization increases the
292:
There is no homologue for the p80 katanin regulatory subunit. Therefore, a His-tagged At-p60 was made to describe its functions in plants. The His-At-p60 can sever microtubules
120:
they are activated or disrupted. For example, allowing katanin-mediated severing at the centrosome releases microtubules for free movement. In one experiment, anti-katanin
760:
116:(MAPs), and the p80 subunit (p60 severs microtubules much better in the presence of p80). These mechanisms have different consequences, depending on where in the
204:
of fluorescently labeled tubulin demonstrated that axon growth cones pause, and microtubules fragment, at sites of branching during neural development.
733:
89:
Structural analysis using electron microscopy has revealed that microtubule protofilaments change from a straight to a curved conformation upon
285:
have been shown to alter transitions in microtubule organization, which, in turn, cause impairments in the proper deposition of cellulose and
1388:
753:
581:
265:
Katanin is also found to have similar functions in higher plants. The form and structure of a plant cell is determined by the rigid
1907:
113:
330:
2176:
2019:
746:
3055:
2609:
728:
427:
520:
Alteration of
Oriented Deposition of Cellulose Microfibrils by Mutation of a Katanin-Like Microtubule-Severing Protein.
1316:
310:
233:
with reduced cell elongation, which suggests katanin's significance in development across a wide range of organisms.
2787:
3020:
201:
175:
90:
56:
1439:
793:
492:
Reorganization and
Movement of Microtubules in Axonal Growth Cones and Developing Interstitial Branches.
105:
464:
MEI-1/MEI-2 Katanin-like
Microtubule Severing Activity is Required for Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis.
1708:
289:. This is presumed to be caused by the plant cell's lack of ability to regulate microtubule lengths.
221:
207:
A similar experiment using fluorescently labeled tubulin observed local microtubule fragmentation in
3015:
1648:
70:
257:
of other proteins. Bending enhances the access of katanin to the lattice, facilitating severing.
1468:
1098:
654:
282:
592:
629:
Mellet, V.; Gaillard, J.; Vantard, M. (2003). "Plant
Katanin, a microtubule severing protein".
3075:
2866:
2569:
1230:
707:
646:
563:
2589:
2814:
2521:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2481:
2402:
2111:
2091:
2061:
2056:
1938:
1293:
1288:
697:
689:
638:
553:
545:
270:
150:. It has been shown that katanin is responsible for severing microtubules during M-phase in
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2471:
2461:
2451:
2446:
2417:
2121:
2116:
1163:
1051:
1041:
1016:
996:
900:
880:
301:. The N-terminal part of p60 is not well conserved between the plant and animal kingdoms.
2956:
1570:
1420:
1303:
1123:
254:
161:
46:
378:
173:. Similar results have been obtained in relation to katanin's activity during meiosis in
59:
and the presence of microtubules for activation. The second 80 kDA subunit, encoded by
2919:
2782:
1479:
1310:
819:
702:
673:
558:
533:
298:
242:
192:
152:
117:
642:
229:
microfibrils along the developing cell wall in these plants. This mutation produced a
3069:
2983:
2978:
1943:
1813:
1762:
1712:
1652:
1574:
1542:
1483:
1269:
788:
333:
Identification of katanin, an ATPase that severs and disassembles stable microtubules
286:
40:
32:
658:
534:"Regulation of Microtubule Severing by Katanin Subunits during Neuronal Development"
478:
Axonal Growth is
Sensitive to Levels of Katanin, a Protein that Severs Microtubules.
412:
Katanin Is
Responsible for the M-Phase Microtubule severing Activity in Xenopus Eggs
2827:
1882:
1637:
1181:
773:
549:
341:
215:
131:
2799:
2777:
729:
Hartman, Jim. "Katanin, an AAA ATPase that Takes Apart Stable
Microtubules." 2004.
489:
475:
409:
381:
Microtubule
Disassembly by ATP-dependent Oligomerization of the AAA Enzyme Katanin
517:
2973:
2924:
2794:
2684:
2014:
1458:
1413:
1332:
1254:
802:
461:
392:
219:
that demonstrated that the Fra2 mutation, which affects a katanin orthologue in
191:
Katanin is important in the development of many organisms. Both elimination and
66:
24:
20:
738:
3025:
2944:
2934:
2822:
1933:
1912:
1678:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1585:
1560:
1548:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1356:
1238:
1227:
1213:
829:
180:
166:
157:
101:
93:
36:
438:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2804:
2642:
2637:
2632:
1990:
1970:
1625:
1620:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1580:
1489:
1393:
1327:
266:
230:
226:
126:
711:
650:
567:
503:
532:
Yu, W.; Solowska, J.; Qiang, L.; Karabay, A.; Baird, D.; Bass, P. (2005).
2968:
2929:
2861:
2834:
2701:
2689:
2564:
2559:
2000:
1995:
1917:
1351:
1346:
1208:
462:
Srayko, M., Buster, W., Bazirgan, O., McNally & F., Mains, P. (2000)
274:
170:
121:
74:
2995:
2949:
2839:
2769:
2738:
2668:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2584:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2224:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2028:
1965:
1453:
1398:
1339:
1322:
1283:
769:
693:
147:
143:
97:
490:
Dent, E., Callaway, J., Gyorgyi, S., Baas, P. & Kalil, K. (1999)
2914:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2871:
2706:
2599:
2594:
2579:
2574:
2486:
2432:
2397:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2347:
2342:
2332:
2317:
2312:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2096:
2086:
2066:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
1902:
1673:
1668:
1425:
1091:
1086:
1076:
854:
61:
51:
43:
28:
395:
An
Essential Role for Katanin in Severing Microtubules in the Neuron
65:, regulates the activity of the ATPase and localizes the protein to
112:
The severing of microtubules by katanin is regulated by protective
2939:
2711:
2694:
2531:
2526:
2516:
2511:
2476:
2466:
2456:
2441:
2422:
2412:
2407:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2352:
2337:
2327:
2322:
2307:
2302:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2204:
2199:
2166:
2161:
2131:
2126:
2106:
2101:
2081:
2071:
1986:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1663:
1658:
1368:
1298:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1233:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1158:
1148:
1133:
1066:
1056:
1036:
1011:
1006:
991:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
941:
895:
890:
885:
875:
870:
865:
844:
839:
834:
824:
811:
3040:
3035:
3030:
2990:
2961:
2876:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2647:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2214:
2209:
2076:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1408:
1403:
1361:
1274:
1264:
1259:
1153:
1143:
1138:
1128:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1026:
951:
946:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
211:
208:
196:
55:, which functions to sever microtubules. This subunit requires
742:
142:
Katanin-mediated microtubule severing is an important step in
476:
Karabay, A., Yu, W., Solowska, J., Baird, D. & Baas, P.
73:
shows that katanin forms 14–16 nm rings in its active
430:
Cellular
Samurai: katanin and the severing of microtubules
134:
and mobility, which is important during development.
678:
microtubule severing by the plant katanin homologue"
617:
Organization of cortical microtubules in plant cells
160:
structures is necessary to prepare the cell and the
3008:
2907:
2813:
2768:
2677:
2656:
2608:
2431:
2223:
2175:
2027:
2013:
1979:
1926:
1895:
1875:
1754:
1636:
1467:
1449:
1438:
1381:
1174:
853:
810:
801:
787:
780:
582:"Baas, P.W., Karabay, A. & Qiang, L. (2005).
77:state on the walls of microtubules (although not
27:. It is named after the Japanese sword called a
393:Ahmad, F., Yu, W., McNally, F. & Baas, P.
672:Mellet, V.; Gaillard, J.; Vantard, M. (2002).
277:, where the spindle microtubules are forming.
156:. The disassembly of microtubules from their
85:Mechanism and regulation of microtubule length
754:
504:Waterman-Storer, C. & Salmon, E. (1997).
422:
420:
405:
403:
8:
253:Katanin is believed to be regulated by the
2024:
1464:
1446:
807:
798:
784:
761:
747:
739:
701:
557:
322:
241:Katanin is known to be abundant in the
615:Cyr, R.J. & Palevitz, B.A. (1995)
410:McNally, F. & Thomas, S. (1998)
365:Downing, K. & Nogales, E. (1998).
225:, leads to an aberrant disposition of
7:
734:McNally Lab research. "katanin" 2006
379:Hartman, J. & Vale, R. (1999)
331:"McNally, F. & Vale, R. (1993)
367:Tubulin and microtubule structure.
14:
1389:Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein
2610:Microtubule organising proteins
518:Burk, D. & Ye, Z. (2002)
114:microtubule-associated proteins
550:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0834-05.2005
1:
2657:Microtubule severing proteins
643:10.1016/s1065-6995(02)00324-4
195:of katanin is deleterious to
1317:actin depolymerizing factors
35:protein first discovered in
2795:Plakoglobin (gamma catenin)
311:Microtubule-severing ATPase
3092:
631:Cell Biology International
202:time-lapse digital imaging
3051:
674:"Functional evidence for
3021:Prokaryotic cytoskeleton
584:Microtubules Cut and Run
273:during pre-prophase and
538:Journal of Neuroscience
1641:(hard alpha-keratins)
1472:(soft alpha-keratins)
138:Role in cell division
3056:cytoskeletal defects
3016:Major sperm proteins
428:"Quarmby, L. (2000)
222:Arabidopsis thaliana
39:. It contains a 60
1469:Epithelial keratins
682:Biochemical Journal
237:Function in neurons
187:Role in development
71:Electron microscopy
694:10.1042/bj20020689
261:Function in plants
81:the microtubule).
3063:
3062:
3004:
3003:
2764:
2763:
2009:
2008:
1891:
1890:
1434:
1433:
1377:
1376:
688:(Pt 2): 337–342.
544:(23): 5573–5583.
3083:
2025:
1465:
1447:
808:
799:
785:
763:
756:
749:
740:
716:
715:
705:
669:
663:
662:
626:
620:
613:
607:
606:
604:
603:
597:
591:. Archived from
590:
578:
572:
571:
561:
529:
523:
515:
509:
501:
495:
487:
481:
473:
467:
459:
453:
452:
450:
449:
443:
437:. Archived from
436:
424:
415:
407:
398:
390:
384:
376:
370:
362:
356:
355:
353:
352:
346:
340:. Archived from
339:
327:
271:nuclear envelope
3091:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3047:
3000:
2903:
2809:
2760:
2673:
2652:
2604:
2427:
2219:
2171:
2017:
2005:
1975:
1922:
1887:
1871:
1755:Ungrouped alpha
1750:
1640:
1632:
1471:
1457:
1451:
1441:
1430:
1373:
1170:
849:
791:
776:
767:
725:
720:
719:
671:
670:
666:
628:
627:
623:
614:
610:
601:
599:
595:
588:
580:
579:
575:
531:
530:
526:
516:
512:
502:
498:
488:
484:
474:
470:
460:
456:
447:
445:
441:
434:
426:
425:
418:
408:
401:
391:
387:
377:
373:
363:
359:
350:
348:
344:
337:
329:
328:
324:
319:
307:
263:
255:phosphorylation
239:
189:
162:mitotic spindle
140:
87:
31:. Katanin is a
12:
11:
5:
3089:
3087:
3079:
3078:
3068:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2920:Corneodesmosin
2911:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2437:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2022:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1987:Nuclear lamins
1983:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1532:
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789:Microfilaments
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723:External links
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281:plant katanin
262:
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243:nervous system
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193:overexpression
188:
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153:Xenopus laevis
139:
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86:
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2800:Delta catenin
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2778:Alpha catenin
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1763:chromosome 17
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1484:chromosome 17
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1440:Intermediate
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598:on 2006-09-14
594:
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444:on 2005-01-16
440:
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389:
386:
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375:
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358:
347:on 2006-09-03
343:
336:
334:
326:
323:
316:
312:
309:
308:
304:
302:
300:
295:
290:
288:
287:hemicellulose
284:
278:
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272:
268:
260:
258:
256:
251:
247:
244:
236:
234:
232:
228:
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103:
99:
95:
92:
84:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
49:, encoded by
48:
45:
42:
38:
34:
33:heterodimeric
30:
26:
22:
18:
3053:
2828:Dystroglycan
2783:Beta catenin
2663:
2015:Microtubules
1883:Beta-keratin
1812:
1761:
1707:
1647:
1569:
1555:
1541:
1478:
1315:
1182:Tropomodulin
774:cytoskeleton
685:
681:
675:
667:
634:
630:
624:
616:
611:
600:. Retrieved
593:the original
583:
576:
541:
537:
527:
519:
513:
505:
499:
491:
485:
477:
471:
463:
457:
446:. Retrieved
439:the original
429:
411:
394:
388:
380:
374:
366:
360:
349:. Retrieved
342:the original
332:
325:
293:
291:
279:
264:
252:
248:
240:
220:
216:lamellipodia
206:
190:
174:
151:
141:
132:treadmilling
111:
88:
78:
75:oligomerized
60:
50:
16:
15:
2974:Plakophilin
2925:Desmoplakin
2685:Tau protein
1459:Cytokeratin
1255:Tropomyosin
803:Myofilament
67:centrosomes
37:sea urchins
25:AAA protein
21:microtubule
3054:See also:
3026:Crescentin
2945:Periplakin
2935:Envoplakin
2823:Dystrophin
2440:axonemal:
1934:Internexin
1913:Peripherin
637:(3): 279.
602:2007-05-26
448:2006-02-18
351:2006-02-18
317:References
181:HeLa cells
176:C. elegans
167:chromatids
158:interphase
122:antibodies
102:hydrolysis
94:hydrolysis
23:-severing
2643:Centrin 3
2638:Centrin 2
2633:Centrin 1
1971:Syncoilin
1876:Not alpha
1442:filaments
1394:Fibrillin
299:N-termini
283:homologue
267:cell wall
231:phenotype
227:cellulose
127:cytoplasm
3076:Proteins
3070:Category
3009:Nonhuman
2969:Vinculin
2930:Dystonin
2862:Spectrin
2835:Utrophin
2815:Membrane
2770:Catenins
2702:Stathmin
2690:Dynactin
2570:DYNC2LI1
2565:DYNC1LI2
2560:DYNC1LI1
2225:Kinesins
2029:Tubulins
1918:Vimentin
1450:Type 1/2
1352:Profilin
1347:Gelsolin
1209:Troponin
770:Proteins
712:12020351
676:in vitro
659:36263251
651:12681335
568:15944385
305:See also
294:in vitro
275:prophase
171:anaphase
106:affinity
2996:PLEKHA7
2950:Plectin
2915:Plakins
2840:Ankyrin
2739:Dynamin
2669:Spastin
2664:Katanin
2628:CAMSAP3
2623:CAMSAP2
2618:CAMSAP1
2590:DYNLRB2
2585:DYNLRB1
2555:DYNC1I2
2550:DYNC1I1
2545:DYNC2H1
2540:DYNC1H1
2433:Dyneins
2157:TUBGCP6
2152:TUBGCP5
2147:TUBGCP4
2142:TUBGCP3
2137:TUBGCP2
1966:Synemin
1709:type II
1571:type II
1454:Keratin
1399:Filamin
1340:Destrin
1323:Cofilin
1284:Actinin
855:Myosins
772:of the
703:1222700
559:1201504
169:during
165:sister
148:meiosis
144:mitosis
98:tubulin
47:subunit
17:Katanin
2897:SPTBN5
2892:SPTBN4
2887:SPTBN2
2882:SPTBN1
2872:SPTAN1
2707:Tektin
2600:DYNLT3
2595:DYNLT1
2580:DYNLL2
2575:DYNLL1
2522:DNALI1
2507:DNAH17
2502:DNAH14
2497:DNAH13
2492:DNAH12
2487:DNAH11
2482:DNAH10
2403:KIF26B
2398:KIF26A
2373:KIF21B
2368:KIF21A
2363:KIF20B
2358:KIF20A
2348:KIF18B
2343:KIF18A
2333:KIF16B
2318:KIF13B
2313:KIF13A
2112:TUBB4Q
2097:TUBB2C
2092:TUBB2B
2087:TUBB2A
2067:TUBA4A
2062:TUBA3E
2057:TUBA3D
2052:TUBA3C
2047:TUBA1C
2042:TUBA1B
2037:TUBA1A
1980:Type 5
1939:Nestin
1927:Type 4
1903:Desmin
1896:Type 3
1649:type I
1480:type I
1426:TRIOBP
1092:MYO18B
1087:MYO18A
1083:XVIII
1077:MYO15A
812:Actins
710:
700:
657:
649:
566:
556:
197:axonal
79:around
62:KATNB1
52:KATNA1
44:ATPase
29:katana
2957:Talin
2940:MACF1
2908:Other
2867:SPTA1
2732:TEKT5
2727:TEKT4
2722:TEKT3
2717:TEKT2
2712:TEKT1
2695:DCTN1
2678:Other
2532:DNAL4
2527:DNAL1
2517:DNAI2
2512:DNAI1
2477:DNAH9
2472:DNAH8
2467:DNAH7
2462:DNAH6
2457:DNAH5
2452:DNAH3
2447:DNAH2
2442:DNAH1
2423:KIFC3
2418:KIFC2
2413:KIFC1
2408:KIF27
2393:KIF25
2388:KIF24
2383:KIF23
2378:KIF22
2353:KIF19
2338:KIF17
2328:KIF15
2323:KIF14
2308:KIF12
2303:KIF11
2283:KIF5C
2278:KIF5B
2273:KIF5A
2268:KIF4B
2263:KIF4A
2258:KIF3C
2253:KIF3B
2248:KIF2C
2243:KIF2A
2238:KIF1B
2233:KIF1A
2205:MAP1B
2200:MAP1A
2167:TUBE1
2162:TUBD1
2132:TUBG2
2127:TUBG1
2122:TUBB8
2117:TUBB6
2107:TUBB4
2102:TUBB3
2082:TUBB1
2072:TUBA8
1421:Espin
1382:Other
1369:Titin
1175:Other
1164:MYLL1
1159:MYLK2
1149:MYLIP
1134:MYL6B
1067:MYO10
1057:MYO9B
1052:MYO9A
1042:MYO7B
1037:MYO7A
1017:MYO5C
1012:MYO5B
1007:MYO5A
997:MYO3B
992:MYO3A
982:MYH16
977:MYH15
972:MYH14
967:MYH13
962:MYH11
957:MYH10
942:MYH7B
901:MYO1H
896:MYO1G
891:MYO1F
886:MYO1E
881:MYO1D
876:MYO1C
871:MYO1B
866:MYO1A
781:Human
655:S2CID
596:(PDF)
589:(PDF)
442:(PDF)
435:(PDF)
345:(PDF)
338:(PDF)
214:cell
96:of β-
19:is a
3041:ParM
3036:MreB
3031:FtsZ
2991:ACF7
2984:PKP2
2979:PKP1
2962:TLN1
2877:SPTB
2855:ANK3
2850:ANK2
2845:ANK1
2754:DNM3
2749:DNM2
2744:DNM1
2648:PCM1
2298:KIF9
2293:KIF7
2288:KIF6
2215:MAP4
2210:MAP2
2177:MAPs
2077:TUBB
2020:MAPs
2018:and
1959:NEFH
1954:NEFM
1949:NEFL
1908:GFAP
1556:none
1414:FLNC
1409:FLNB
1404:FLNA
1154:MYLK
1144:MYL9
1139:MYL7
1129:MYL6
1124:MYL5
1119:MYL4
1114:MYL3
1109:MYL2
1104:MYL1
1033:VII
1027:MYO6
988:III
952:MYH9
947:MYH8
937:MYH7
932:MYH6
927:MYH4
922:MYH3
917:MYH2
912:MYH1
794:ABPs
792:and
708:PMID
647:PMID
564:PMID
212:lung
209:newt
146:and
118:cell
2805:GAN
2788:APC
2195:EB3
2190:EB2
2185:EB1
1991:A/C
1674:33B
1669:33A
1073:XV
1048:IX
1023:VI
908:II
698:PMC
690:doi
686:365
639:doi
554:PMC
546:doi
91:GTP
69:.
57:ATP
41:kDa
3072::
2001:B2
1996:B1
1989::
1865:80
1860:79
1855:78
1850:77
1845:76
1840:75
1835:74
1830:73
1825:72
1820:71
1804:40
1799:39
1794:28
1789:27
1784:26
1779:25
1774:24
1769:23
1744:86
1739:85
1734:84
1729:83
1724:82
1719:81
1699:38
1694:37
1689:36
1684:35
1679:34
1664:32
1659:31
1616:6C
1611:6B
1606:6A
1586:2A
1561:21
1549:18
1535:20
1530:19
1525:17
1520:16
1515:15
1510:14
1505:13
1500:12
1495:10
1099:LC
1063:X
1003:V
862:I
845:G2
840:G1
835:C1
825:A2
820:A1
706:.
696:.
684:.
680:.
653:.
645:.
635:27
633:.
562:.
552:.
542:25
540:.
536:.
419:^
402:^
1711:/
1651:/
1626:8
1621:7
1601:5
1596:4
1591:3
1581:1
1573:/
1490:9
1482:/
1461:)
1456:,
1452:(
1362:2
1357:1
1333:2
1328:1
1304:4
1299:3
1294:2
1289:1
1275:4
1270:3
1265:2
1260:1
1248:3
1245:2
1242:1
1239:I
1234:2
1231:1
1228:C
1223:3
1220:2
1217:1
1214:T
1202:4
1197:3
1192:2
1187:1
903:)
830:B
762:e
755:t
748:v
714:.
692::
661:.
641::
619:.
605:.
586:"
570:.
548::
451:.
432:"
354:.
335:"
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