31:
415:"The intention here is to really introduce a field to the generations to come, so they grow up understanding that mucus is not a waste product. It's an integral part of our physiology and a really important piece of our health. If we understand it, it can really give us a lot of information that will help us stay healthy and possibly treat diseases." (Ribbeck, 2018)
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In 2007, Ribbeck's research returned to hydrogels, with a specific focus on mucus, i.e., a large natural hydrogel that is closely related to the polymer network she and Görlich had proposed to exist within nuclear pore complexes. Her work has elucidated the role of mucins, a primary component of
306:
As a postdoctoral researcher at the
European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ribbeck studied proteins involved in the organization of the mitotic spindle, a dynamic bundle consisting of proteins and molecules that aids in chromosome segregation during cell division. Her research contributed to the
316:
mucus, in human health. Ribbeck is known for her pioneering work in this field, which has shown that mucus plays an active role in protecting against harmful pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Specifically, her research has shown that mucins and their associated sugar chains (
1509:
Takagi, Julie; Aoki, Kazuhiro; Turner, Bradley S.; Lamont, Sabrina; Lehoux, Sylvain; Kavanaugh, Nicole; Gulati, Megha; Valle
Arevalo, Ashley; Lawrence, Travis J.; Kim, Colin Y.; Bakshi, Bhavya; Ishihara, Mayumi; Nobile, Clarissa J.; Cummings, Richard D.; Wozniak, Daniel J. (July 2022).
297:
barrier. With her Ph.D. advisor, Dirk Görlich, Ribbeck developed a selective phase model for molecular transport through the nuclear pore barrier. Görlich and
Ribbeck also showed that molecular transport through nuclear pore complexes may be facilitated by hydrophobic interactions.
1077:
Ribbeck, Katharina; Groen, Aaron C.; Santarella, Rachel; Bohnsack, Markus T.; Raemaekers, Tim; Köcher, Thomas; Gentzel, Marc; Görlich, Dirk; Wilm, Matthias; Carmeliet, Geert; Mitchison, Timothy J.; Ellenberg, Jan; Hoenger, Andreas; Mattaj, Iain W. (2006-06-01).
352:
Ribbeck's work has also demonstrated the role of mucus in protecting against fungal infections. Her studies have shown that mucins and specific mucin glycans induce a morphological change, accompanied by a reduction in biofilm formation and cell adhesion, in
388:
Ribbeck has investigated approaches for engineering mucus, with the aim of potentially influencing the population of bacteria in the human body. In collaboration with others, Ribbeck demonstrated that synthetic mucins can block toxins produced by
359:, a fungal pathogen that causes a variety of diseases in humans. Her work has also shown that mucins found in multiple types of mucus, including human spit, can prevent fungal pathogens from causing disease in healthy humans.
2306:
Kruger, Austin G.; Brucks, Spencer D.; Yan, Tao; Cárcarmo-Oyarce, Gerardo; Wei, Yuan; Wen, Deborah H.; Carvalho, Dayanne R.; Hore, Michael J. A.; Ribbeck, Katharina; Schrock, Richard R.; Kiessling, Laura L. (2021-04-28).
395:, the bacteria that causes cholera. She has also shown that purified foreign mucins can prevent viruses from infecting cells and suggested that they could be used to supplement the anti-viral activity of native mucins.
349:, a bacterium that can cause illness in individuals with cystic fibrosis or compromised immune systems, by inhibiting the cell-cell communication, toxin secretion, and biofilm formation ability of these bacteria.
1379:
Wheeler, Kelsey M.; Cárcamo-Oyarce, Gerardo; Turner, Bradley S.; Dellos-Nolan, Sheri; Co, Julia Y.; Lehoux, Sylvain; Cummings, Richard D.; Wozniak, Daniel J.; Ribbeck, Katharina (December 2019).
1135:
Raemaekers, Tim; Ribbeck, Katharina; Beaudouin, Joël; Annaert, Wim; Van Camp, Mark; Stockmans, Ingrid; Smets, Nico; Bouillon, Roger; Ellenberg, Jan; Carmeliet, Geert (September 8, 2003).
1594:
Werlang, Caroline A.; Chen, Wesley G.; Aoki, Kazuhiro; Wheeler, Kelsey M.; Tymm, Carly; Mileti, Cassidy J.; Burgos, Ana C.; Kim, Kris; Tiemeyer, Michael; Ribbeck, Katharina (May 2021).
59:
Studies on the role of mucus in human health, mucus’ influence on the behavior of harmful pathogens, and the molecular mechanism by which the nuclear pore mediates selective transport
832:
Ribbeck, K.; Kutay, U.; Paraskeva, E.; Görlich, D. (1999-01-14). "The translocation of transportin-cargo complexes through nuclear pores is independent of both Ran and energy".
1800:
Critchfield, Agatha S.; Yao, Grace; Jaishankar, Aditya; Friedlander, Ronn S.; Lieleg, Oliver; Doyle, Patrick S.; McKinley, Gareth; House, Michael; Ribbeck, Katharina (2013).
403:
Ribbeck is passionate about educating others on the importance of mucus in human health. Together with her lab, she gives presentation about her work on mucus at the
366:
in pregnant women and the likelihood of preterm birth and has developed probes to test mucus permeability as a step towards diagnosing the risk for premature birth.
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2755:
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In 2015, Ribbeck and her team produced a TED-Ed lesson to provide basic education about mucus and its role in human health. Ribbeck has been interviewed on
230:
as a barrier to pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses and how mucus can be leveraged for therapeutic purposes. She has also studied changes that
2715:
2740:
2730:
1439:
Wang, Benjamin X.; Wheeler, Kelsey M.; Cady, Kyle C.; Lehoux, Sylvain; Cummings, Richard D.; Laub, Michael T.; Ribbeck, Katharina (2021-01-11).
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82:
2135:
Billings, Nicole; Millan, MariaRamirez; Caldara, Marina; Rusconi, Roberto; Tarasova, Yekaterina; Stocker, Roman; Ribbeck, Katharina (2013).
1867:
Smith-Dupont, K. B.; Wagner, C. E.; Witten, J.; Conroy, K.; Rudoltz, H.; Pagidas, K.; Snegovskikh, V.; House, M.; Ribbeck, K. (2017-09-04).
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as an independent Bauer Fellow in 2007, where she began to investigate how particles and bacteria move through mucus barriers.
2566:"NSF Award Search: Award#1454673 - Career: Selective Transport in Biological Hydrogels – From Design Principles to Mechanisms"
2491:
373:
properties of mucus and other hydrogels and the mechanisms by which some particles and molecules, including viruses such as
343:, which make them hard to eradicate. Ribbeck demonstrated that mucin glycans can reduce the virulence of pathogens such as
608:
121:
377:, selectively pass through the barrier. Ribbeck has also studied hydrogels produced by pathogens and has found that the
1441:"Mucin Glycans Signal through the Sensor Kinase RetS to Inhibit Virulence-Associated Traits in Pseudomonas aeruginosa"
2516:
1707:
Kavanaugh, Nicole L.; Zhang, Angela Q.; Nobile, Clarissa J.; Johnson, Alexander D.; Ribbeck, Katharina (2014-11-11).
320:) can "tame" pathogens by inhibiting virulence traits such as biofilm formation, cell adhesion, and toxin secretion.
218:
is a German-American biologist. She is the Andrew (1956) and Erna
Viterbi Professor of Biological Engineering at the
2720:
2137:"The extracellular matrix Component Psl provides fast-acting antibiotic defense in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms"
408:
2685:
1768:
183:
1193:
Li, Leon D.; Crouzier, Thomas; Sarkar, Aniruddh; Dunphy, Laura; Han, Jongyoon; Ribbeck, Katharina (2013-09-17).
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251:
243:
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2013:
Chen, Wesley G.; Witten, Jacob; Grindy, Scott C.; Holten-Andersen, Niels; Ribbeck, Katharina (2017-11-07).
530:
195:
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1655:
382:
345:
329:
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431:
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Lieleg, Oliver; Lieleg, Corinna; Bloom, Jesse; Buck, Christopher B.; Ribbeck, Katharina (2012-06-11).
2207:
2026:
1880:
1813:
1596:"Mucin O-glycans suppress quorum-sensing pathways and genetic transformation in Streptococcus mutans"
1452:
1271:
1206:
841:
755:
378:
335:
290:
1195:"Spatial configuration and composition of charge modulates transport into a mucin hydrogel barrier"
688:
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1326:
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633:
234:
mucus undergoes before birth, which may lead to a novel diagnostic for the risk of preterm birth.
159:
2288:
2231:
2117:
997:
903:"The permeability barrier of nuclear pore complexes appears to operate via hydrophobic exclusion"
883:
657:
271:
86:
2613:
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307:
discovery of a novel protein (NuSAP) that plays a crucial role in mitotic spindle organization.
1932:
250:, to study neurobiology for her diploma thesis. She earned her Ph.D. in biology, also from the
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1021:
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During her Ph.D. work, Ribbeck investigated the selective transport of molecules through the
262:
Upon completing her Ph.D., Ribbeck continued her research as a postdoctoral scientist at the
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1260:"Spatial configuration of charge and hydrophobicity tune particle transport through mucus"
862:
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807:
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2211:
2030:
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1817:
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1137:"NuSAP, a novel microtubule-associated protein involved in mitotic spindle organization"
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2015:"Charge Influences Substrate Recognition and Self-Assembly of Hydrophobic FG Sequences"
2014:
1990:
1957:
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1300:
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1079:
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658:"Test of cervical mucus may reveal pregnant women's risk of going into labor too early"
582:
437:
1054:
935:
902:
853:
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1258:
Samad, Tahoura; Witten, Jacob; Grodzinsky, Alan J.; Ribbeck, Katharina (2022-01-18).
113:
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2235:
2195:
2121:
1001:
887:
30:
2194:
Werlang, Caroline; Cárcarmo-Oyarce, Gerardo; Ribbeck, Katharina (February 2019).
2153:
1826:
1352:"Not as Gross as It Sounds: Predicting How Bacteria in Mucus Affect Human Health"
499:
117:
2324:
1892:
1611:
1527:
918:
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2421:
2219:
2038:
1464:
1396:
1381:"Mucin glycans attenuate the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in infection"
1283:
1218:
1037:
767:
404:
374:
370:
147:
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2105:
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1981:
1900:
1835:
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1732:
1619:
1535:
1472:
1404:
1291:
1226:
1103:
1080:"NuSAP, a Mitotic RanGTP Target That Stabilizes and Cross-links Microtubules"
1045:
985:
926:
871:
775:
1095:
281:
as an assistant professor. She attained tenure as a full professor in 2017.
2407:
2350:
2284:
2180:
2113:
2064:
1999:
1918:
1869:"Probing the potential of mucus permeability to signify preterm birth risk"
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1422:
1309:
1244:
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1121:
1063:
993:
944:
793:
1958:"The particle in the spider's web: transport through biological hydrogels"
1724:
1512:"Mucin O-glycans are natural inhibitors of Candida albicans pathogenicity"
1152:
879:
277:
In 2010, Ribbeck moved to the
Department of Biological Engineering at the
324:
294:
362:
Ribbeck identified a correlation between the properties of mucus in the
1973:
474:), given for "work that is unorthodox, and potentially world-changing".
340:
226:
impacts microbial behavior. Ribbeck investigates both the function of
2381:
976:
959:
363:
317:
231:
93:
744:"Characterization of particle translocation through mucin hydrogels"
2496:
Harvard
University - Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology
500:"Katharina Ribbeck, PhD | MIT Department of Biological Engineering"
99:
Mechanistic analysis of transport through the nuclear pore complex
2468:"Aus der Stiftung Universität Heidelberg - Universität Heidelberg"
2251:"Mucins and Their Role in Shaping the Functions of Mucus Barriers"
2080:"Mucins and Their Role in Shaping the Functions of Mucus Barriers"
1022:"Kinetic analysis of translocation through nuclear pore complexes"
742:
Lieleg, Oliver; Vladescu, Ioana; Ribbeck, Katharina (2010-05-19).
227:
223:
2638:"Bose grants for 2018 fund research at the frontier of discovery"
444:
420:
423:
and STAT news and has been featured in articles in WIRED and
222:. She is known as one of the first researchers to study how
2681:
STAT News: Why mucus is the ‘unsung hero’ of the human body
1802:"Cervical mucus properties stratify risk for preterm birth"
172:
STAT News: Why mucus is the ‘unsung hero’ of the human body
2686:
WIRED: How the Sugars in Spit Tame the Body's Unruly Fungi
2665:
184:
WIRED: How the Sugars in Spit Tame the Body’s Unruly Fungi
2196:"Engineering mucus to study and influence the microbiome"
558:"WATCH: Why mucus is the 'unsung hero' of the human body"
2492:"Merck Presents 2007 Awards for Genome-Related Research"
2249:
Wagner, C.E.; Wheeler, K.M.; Ribbeck, K. (2018-10-06).
2366:"Mucin biopolymers as broad-spectrum antiviral agents"
2309:"Stereochemical Control Yields Mucin Mimetic Polymers"
1709:"Mucins suppress virulence traits of Candida albicans"
1327:"Molecules found in mucus can thwart fungal infection"
1769:"How the Sugars In Spit Tame the Body's Unruly Fungi"
456:
2015: Junior Bose Award for
Excellence in Teaching (
2590:"MIT School of Engineering | » Teaching Awards"
463:
2016: Harold E. Edgerton
Faculty Achievement Award (
339:, the bacteria that cause tooth decay, from forming
2078:Wagner, C. E.; Wheeler, K. M.; Ribbeck, K. (2018).
609:"Synthetic Mucus Helps Fight Antibiotic Resistance"
583:"Mucus Is Beneficial In The Fight Against Bacteria"
136:
108:
92:
78:
70:
55:
47:
37:
21:
246:in 1998. During her senior year, she attended the
1956:Witten, Jacob; Ribbeck, Katharina (2017-06-22).
1687:MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1331:MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1020:Ribbeck, Katharina; Görlich, Dirk (2001-03-15).
901:Ribbeck, Katharina; Görlich, Dirk (2002-06-03).
812:MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology
693:MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology
270:. After her postdoctoral research, she moved to
2517:"Alumni Awards - The John Kendrew Award - EMBL"
2255:Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
2084:Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
2614:"Harold E. Edgerton Faculty Achievement Award"
2423:How mucus keeps us healthy - Katharina Ribbeck
242:Ribbeck received her B.S. in biology from the
470:2018: Professor Amar G. Bose Research Grant (
8:
385:protects the bacterium against antibiotics.
2691:MIT Technology Review: The science of slime
196:MIT Technology Review: The science of slime
16:German-American biochemist and biophysicist
1571:"Synthetic Mucus Can Mimic the Real Thing"
18:
2397:
2340:
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2170:
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2095:
2054:
1989:
1908:
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1412:
1299:
1234:
1160:
1111:
1053:
975:
934:
861:
783:
436:2007: Award for Genome-Related Research (
369:Ribbeck has extensively investigated the
2676:Science Friday: It's snot what you think
1683:"Study reveals how mucus tames microbes"
160:Science Friday: It's snot what you think
484:
2726:21st-century American women scientists
1762:
1760:
1677:
1675:
1565:
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1504:
1502:
1500:
208:MIT Spectrum: A slippery viral defense
133:
2756:German emigrants to the United States
2671:How mucus keeps you healthy (YouTube)
2268:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062818
2097:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062818
1649:
1647:
1434:
1432:
1374:
1372:
1321:
1319:
1188:
1186:
1015:
1013:
1011:
450:2014: Popular Science, "Brilliant 10"
279:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
264:European Molecular Biology Laboratory
220:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
83:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
683:
681:
679:
677:
552:
550:
525:
523:
521:
519:
494:
492:
490:
488:
1575:The MIT Campaign for a Better World
689:"Exploring the many roles of mucus"
381:formed by the pathogenic bacterium
248:University of California, San Diego
960:"Passage through the nuclear pore"
323:She has shown that mucins prevent
285:Research on nuclear pore complexes
148:TED-Ed: How mucus keeps us healthy
14:
2716:MIT School of Engineering faculty
2444:"Mucus: It's Snot What You Think"
266:in Heidelberg, Germany, and then
51:University of Heidelberg, Germany
2741:21st-century American physicists
293:, which is partly mediated by a
202:
190:
178:
166:
154:
142:
29:
1656:"Mucus: The Body's Unsung Hero"
808:"The tenured engineers of 2017"
2731:21st-century American chemists
863:11858/00-001M-0000-002D-1CB6-0
1:
1084:Molecular Biology of the Cell
854:10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80046-3
2736:Heidelberg University alumni
2154:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003526
1827:10.1371/journal.pone.0069528
958:Marte, Barbara (June 2001).
607:Walter, Kenny (2017-04-27).
302:Research on mitotic spindles
2541:"The Brilliant Ten of 2014"
430:2003: Ruprecht-Karls Prize
2772:
2618:MIT Institutional Research
2325:10.1021/acscentsci.0c01569
1933:"A Slippery Viral Defense"
1893:10.1038/s41598-017-08057-z
1612:10.1038/s41564-021-00876-1
1528:10.1038/s41589-022-01035-1
613:Research & Development
443:2013: John Kendrew Award (
2746:Scientists from Darmstadt
2220:10.1038/s41578-018-0079-7
2039:10.1016/j.bpj.2017.08.058
1465:10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.088
1397:10.1038/s41564-019-0581-8
1284:10.1016/j.bpj.2021.12.018
1219:10.1016/j.bpj.2013.07.050
768:10.1016/j.bpj.2010.01.012
201:
189:
177:
165:
153:
141:
128:
63:
28:
2751:American women academics
2200:Nature Reviews Materials
919:10.1093/emboj/21.11.2664
714:"Universität Heidelberg"
409:Boston Museum of Science
252:University of Heidelberg
244:University of Heidelberg
1516:Nature Chemical Biology
1141:Journal of Cell Biology
1096:10.1091/mbc.e05-12-1178
1038:10.1093/emboj/20.6.1320
399:Awards and achievements
2711:American biophysicists
634:"The science of slime"
531:"The science of slime"
453:2015: NSF CAREER award
417:
383:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
346:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
330:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
268:Harvard Medical School
74:Biological Engineering
2472:www.uni-heidelberg.de
1725:10.1128/mBio.01911-14
1153:10.1083/jcb.200302129
718:www.uni-heidelberg.de
638:MIT Technology Review
535:MIT Technology Review
432:Heidelberg University
413:
379:extracellular matrix
336:Streptococcus mutans
291:nuclear pore complex
2313:ACS Central Science
2212:2019NatRM...4..134W
2031:2017BpJ...113.2088C
2019:Biophysical Journal
1885:2017NatSR...710302S
1818:2013PLoSO...869528C
1660:Scientific American
1600:Nature Microbiology
1457:2021CBio...31E..90W
1385:Nature Microbiology
1276:2022BpJ...121..277S
1264:Biophysical Journal
1211:2013BpJ...105.1357L
1199:Biophysical Journal
964:Nature Cell Biology
846:1999CBio....9...47R
760:2010BpJ....98.1782L
748:Biophysical Journal
137:Videos and articles
2644:. 11 February 2019
1974:10.1039/c6nr09736g
1873:Scientific Reports
587:Medical News Today
272:Harvard University
87:Harvard University
42:Darmstadt, Germany
2721:Women biochemists
2426:, 5 November 2015
2382:10.1021/bm3001292
2370:Biomacromolecules
1968:(24): 8080–8095.
1689:. 14 October 2019
1391:(12): 2146–2154.
913:(11): 2664–2671.
589:. 9 November 2012
311:Research on mucus
216:Katharina Ribbeck
213:
212:
132:
131:
109:Academic advisors
65:Scientific career
23:Katharina Ribbeck
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2600:
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2547:. 4 October 2014
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2401:
2376:(6): 1724–1732.
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2270:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2191:
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2174:
2156:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2099:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2058:
2025:(9): 2088–2099.
2010:
2004:
2003:
1993:
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1929:
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1912:
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1582:
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1567:
1558:
1557:
1547:
1506:
1495:
1494:
1484:
1451:(1): 90–102.e7.
1436:
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1416:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1323:
1314:
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1303:
1255:
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1248:
1238:
1205:(6): 1357–1365.
1190:
1181:
1180:
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1177:
1164:
1147:(6): 1017–1029.
1132:
1126:
1125:
1115:
1090:(6): 2646–2660.
1074:
1068:
1067:
1057:
1032:(6): 1320–1330.
1026:The EMBO Journal
1017:
1006:
1005:
979:
977:10.1038/35078596
955:
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907:The EMBO Journal
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829:
823:
822:
820:
819:
804:
798:
797:
787:
754:(9): 1782–1789.
739:
733:
732:
730:
729:
720:. Archived from
710:
704:
703:
701:
700:
685:
672:
671:
669:
668:
654:
648:
647:
645:
644:
629:
623:
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619:
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598:
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579:
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570:
569:
554:
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541:
527:
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513:
511:
510:
496:
356:Candida albicans
206:
205:
194:
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182:
181:
170:
169:
158:
157:
146:
145:
134:
104:
33:
19:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2696:
2695:
2666:The Ribbeck lab
2662:
2657:
2656:
2647:
2645:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2622:
2620:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2598:
2596:
2594:Mit Engineering
2588:
2587:
2583:
2574:
2572:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2550:
2548:
2545:Popular Science
2539:
2538:
2534:
2525:
2523:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2501:
2499:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2476:
2474:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2450:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2429:
2427:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2147:(8): e1003526.
2134:
2133:
2129:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1941:
1939:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1785:
1783:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1692:
1690:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1664:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1579:
1577:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1508:
1507:
1498:
1445:Current Biology
1438:
1437:
1430:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1361:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1336:
1334:
1325:
1324:
1317:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1175:
1173:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1019:
1018:
1009:
957:
956:
952:
900:
899:
895:
834:Current Biology
831:
830:
826:
817:
815:
806:
805:
801:
741:
740:
736:
727:
725:
712:
711:
707:
698:
696:
687:
686:
675:
666:
664:
656:
655:
651:
642:
640:
632:Trafton, Anne.
631:
630:
626:
617:
615:
606:
605:
601:
592:
590:
581:
580:
576:
567:
565:
556:
555:
548:
539:
537:
529:
528:
517:
508:
506:
498:
497:
486:
481:
401:
392:Vibrio cholerae
313:
304:
287:
260:
240:
203:
191:
179:
167:
155:
143:
124:, Jan Ellenberg
102:
85:
48:Alma mater
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2769:
2767:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2661:
2660:External links
2658:
2655:
2654:
2629:
2605:
2581:
2557:
2532:
2508:
2483:
2459:
2448:Science Friday
2435:
2413:
2356:
2319:(4): 624–630.
2298:
2261:(1): 189–215.
2241:
2206:(2): 134–145.
2186:
2141:PLOS Pathogens
2127:
2070:
2005:
1948:
1924:
1859:
1792:
1767:Chen, Maggie.
1756:
1699:
1671:
1643:
1606:(5): 574–583.
1586:
1559:
1522:(7): 762–773.
1496:
1428:
1368:
1343:
1315:
1270:(2): 277–287.
1250:
1182:
1127:
1069:
1007:
950:
893:
824:
799:
734:
705:
695:. 3 April 2018
673:
649:
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483:
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56:Known for
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2706:Living people
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2057:
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2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1949:
1938:
1934:
1928:
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1911:
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1863:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1812:(8): e69528.
1811:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1793:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1734:
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1726:
1722:
1719:(6): e01911.
1718:
1714:
1710:
1703:
1700:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1661:
1657:
1654:Kwon, Diana.
1650:
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1369:
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1347:
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1333:. 6 June 2022
1332:
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999:
995:
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987:
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946:
942:
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916:
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881:
877:
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869:
864:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
828:
825:
814:. 12 May 2017
813:
809:
803:
800:
795:
791:
786:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
738:
735:
724:on 2007-06-09
723:
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127:
123:
122:Andrew Murray
119:
115:
114:Tim Mitchison
111:
107:
100:
97:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
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58:
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50:
46:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
2646:. Retrieved
2641:
2632:
2621:. Retrieved
2617:
2608:
2597:. Retrieved
2593:
2584:
2573:. Retrieved
2569:
2560:
2549:. Retrieved
2544:
2535:
2524:. Retrieved
2520:
2511:
2500:. Retrieved
2498:. 2007-04-30
2495:
2486:
2475:. Retrieved
2471:
2462:
2451:. Retrieved
2447:
2438:
2428:, retrieved
2422:
2416:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2316:
2312:
2301:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2022:
2018:
2008:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1940:. Retrieved
1937:MIT Spectrum
1936:
1927:
1879:(1): 10302.
1876:
1872:
1862:
1809:
1805:
1795:
1784:. Retrieved
1772:
1716:
1712:
1702:
1691:. Retrieved
1686:
1663:. Retrieved
1659:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1578:. Retrieved
1574:
1519:
1515:
1448:
1444:
1388:
1384:
1360:. Retrieved
1358:. 2020-07-07
1355:
1346:
1335:. Retrieved
1330:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1202:
1198:
1174:. Retrieved
1144:
1140:
1130:
1087:
1083:
1072:
1029:
1025:
967:
963:
953:
910:
906:
896:
840:(1): 47–50.
837:
833:
827:
816:. Retrieved
811:
802:
751:
747:
737:
726:. Retrieved
722:the original
717:
708:
697:. Retrieved
692:
665:. Retrieved
662:ScienceDaily
661:
652:
641:. Retrieved
637:
627:
616:. Retrieved
612:
602:
591:. Retrieved
586:
577:
566:. Retrieved
564:. 2018-01-17
561:
538:. Retrieved
534:
507:. Retrieved
503:
424:
418:
414:
402:
390:
387:
368:
361:
354:
351:
344:
334:
328:
322:
314:
305:
288:
276:
261:
241:
215:
214:
98:
79:Institutions
64:
2570:www.nsf.gov
2521:www.embl.de
2090:: 189–215.
970:(6): E135.
371:biophysical
254:, in 2001.
118:Iain Mattaj
2700:Categories
2648:2019-02-13
2623:2019-03-10
2599:2019-03-10
2575:2019-03-22
2551:2019-02-13
2526:2019-02-13
2502:2019-03-10
2477:2019-04-07
2453:2022-10-06
2430:2022-10-06
1942:2022-10-06
1786:2022-10-05
1693:2022-10-05
1665:2019-07-04
1580:2022-10-05
1362:2022-10-05
1337:2022-10-05
1176:2022-10-06
818:2022-10-05
728:2019-04-07
699:2022-10-05
667:2019-02-14
643:2019-03-22
618:2019-02-14
593:2019-02-14
568:2019-02-14
540:2022-10-05
509:2022-10-05
504:be.mit.edu
479:References
405:MIT Museum
375:SARS-CoV-2
2390:1526-4602
2333:2374-7943
2277:1081-0706
2228:2058-8437
2163:1553-7374
2106:1530-8995
2047:1542-0086
1982:2040-3372
1962:Nanoscale
1901:2045-2322
1836:1932-6203
1781:1059-1028
1733:2150-7511
1620:2058-5276
1536:1552-4469
1473:0960-9822
1405:2058-5276
1356:UVA Today
1292:1542-0086
1227:1542-0086
1104:1059-1524
1046:0261-4189
986:1476-4679
927:0261-4189
872:0960-9822
776:1542-0086
425:MIT News.
238:Education
2642:MIT News
2408:22475261
2351:34056092
2293:52941033
2285:30296390
2236:92604550
2181:23950711
2122:52941033
2114:30296390
2065:29117531
2000:28580973
1919:28871085
1854:23936335
1806:PLOS ONE
1751:25389175
1638:33737747
1554:35668191
1491:33125866
1423:31611643
1310:34951982
1245:24047986
1171:12963707
1122:16571672
1064:11250898
1002:34734320
994:11389450
945:12032079
888:15414916
794:20441741
407:and the
341:biofilms
327:such as
325:bacteria
295:hydrogel
232:cervical
2399:3597216
2342:8155468
2208:Bibcode
2172:3738486
2056:5685782
2027:Bibcode
1991:5841163
1910:5583328
1881:Bibcode
1845:3731331
1814:Bibcode
1742:4235211
1629:8811953
1545:7613833
1482:8759707
1453:Bibcode
1414:7157942
1301:8790233
1272:Bibcode
1236:3785869
1207:Bibcode
1162:2172854
1113:1474800
880:9889126
842:Bibcode
785:2862156
756:Bibcode
318:glycans
2406:
2396:
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2349:
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2234:
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2179:
2169:
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2063:
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2045:
1998:
1988:
1980:
1917:
1907:
1899:
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1779:
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1489:
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1471:
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1403:
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1159:
1120:
1110:
1102:
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1055:145537
1052:
1044:
1000:
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984:
943:
936:126029
933:
925:
886:
878:
870:
792:
782:
774:
364:cervix
258:Career
103:(2001)
101:
94:Thesis
71:Fields
2289:S2CID
2232:S2CID
2118:S2CID
1773:Wired
998:S2CID
884:S2CID
438:Merck
228:mucus
224:mucus
2404:PMID
2386:ISSN
2347:PMID
2329:ISSN
2281:PMID
2273:ISSN
2224:ISSN
2177:PMID
2159:ISSN
2110:PMID
2102:ISSN
2061:PMID
2043:ISSN
1996:PMID
1978:ISSN
1915:PMID
1897:ISSN
1850:PMID
1832:ISSN
1777:ISSN
1747:PMID
1729:ISSN
1713:mBio
1634:PMID
1616:ISSN
1550:PMID
1532:ISSN
1487:PMID
1469:ISSN
1419:PMID
1401:ISSN
1306:PMID
1288:ISSN
1241:PMID
1223:ISSN
1167:PMID
1118:PMID
1100:ISSN
1060:PMID
1042:ISSN
990:PMID
982:ISSN
941:PMID
923:ISSN
876:PMID
868:ISSN
790:PMID
772:ISSN
562:STAT
445:EMBL
333:and
38:Born
2394:PMC
2378:doi
2337:PMC
2321:doi
2263:doi
2216:doi
2167:PMC
2149:doi
2092:doi
2051:PMC
2035:doi
2023:113
1986:PMC
1970:doi
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