534:
385:
526:
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44:
553:, even though she owned land, properties, and the Black Cloister. She had been counselled by Martin Luther to move out of the old abbey and sell it after his death, and move into much more modest quarters with the children who remained at home, but she refused. Luther had named her his sole heir in his last will. His will could not be executed, however, because it did not conform with Saxon law.
2945:
461:', exerted much control over his life. She might have even influenced his decisions to a degree; Luther said that his wife 'convince of whatever' she pleased', and explicitly afforded her 'complete control' over the household, as long as 'his rights' were 'preserved', since 'emale government has never done any good'. She thus assisted her husband with running their estate and directed
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After the war, the buildings and lands of the monastery had been torn apart and laid waste. Cattle and other farm animals had been stolen or killed. If she had sold the land and the buildings, she could have had a good financial situation. Financially, they could not remain there. Katharina was able
469:
suggests that
Katharina Luther played a wife's role as taught by her husband's movement: she depended on him financially (although she also increased their estate's profits), and respected him as a 'higher vessel', always calling him 'Herr Doktor'. He reciprocated by occasionally consulting her on
595:, where she was thrown from her cart into a watery ditch near the city gates. For three months, she went in and out of consciousness, before dying in Torgau on 20 December 1552, at the age of 53. She was buried at Torgau's Saint Mary's Church, far from her husband's grave in
228:, but there is no evidence of this in contemporary documents. Due to there being multiple branches in her family and the uncertainty of her birth name, there are diverging theories about her place of birth. One of them proposes that she was born in
633:[now Gvardeyskoye, Kaliningrad Oblast], 18 October 1611, the son of Georg von Kunheim [1480–1543] and wife Margarethe, Truchsessin von Wetzhausen [1490–1527]) but died in Mühlhausen in 1570 at the age of thirty-six.
301:
After years of being a nun, von Bora became interested in the growing reform movement and grew dissatisfied with cloistered life. Conspiring with several other sisters, she contacted Luther and begged for his assistance. On 4 April 1523,
1934:
2872:
2644:
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513:. While Luther was not the first cleric to marry because of Reformation ideas, he was one of the most prominent. As he argued publicly for clerical marriage and produced much anti-Catholic
3014:
344:
Within two years, Luther was able to arrange marriages or find employment for all of the escaped nuns except von Bora. She was first housed with the family of
Philipp Reichenbach, the
3039:
806:
Fischer, Fritz; Stutterheim, Eckart von (2005). "Zur
Herkunft der Katharine v. Bora, Ehefrau Martin Luthers" [On the Origins of Katharine v. Bora, Wife of Martin Luther].
776:
2842:
1918:
1702:, 55 volumes of lectures, commentaries and sermons, translated into English and published by Concordia Publishing House and Fortress Press, 1957; released on CD-ROM, 2001.
2837:
3024:
408:, and Barbara and Lucas Cranach. A small wedding breakfast was held the next morning, and a more formal, public ceremony on 27 June, presided over by Bugenhagen.
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1862:
1450:
3004:
337:
Luther asked the family of the nuns to admit them into their houses, but they declined, possibly because this would have made them accomplices to a crime under
2028:
236:. It is also possible that Katharina was the daughter of Jan von Bora auf Lippendorf and his wife Margarete, both of whom were only mentioned in 1505.
1870:
400:, cause the angels to laugh, and the devils to weep'. 26-year-old Von Bora and 41-year-old Luther married on 13 June 1525, before witnesses including
2234:
1950:
2999:
1804:
271:
1035:
505:
The marriage of von Bora to Luther is very important in the history of
Protestantism, specifically in regard to the development of its views on
396:
thought that this would hurt the
Reformation by causing scandal. Luther eventually decided that his marriage would 'please his father, rile the
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654:
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581:
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in 1504 to be educated, according to a letter
Laurentius Zoch sent to Martin Luther in 1531. At the age of nine, she was moved to
3029:
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2076:
1465:
630:
424:
338:
1854:
936:
Der langsame
Aufstieg des Morgensterns von Wittenberg: eine Studie und eine Erzählung über die Herkunft von Katharina von Bora
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1996:
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1966:
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to provide for their family, the numerous students who boarded with them, and her husband's visitors. In times of
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825:[On the Presumed Origins of Catherina v. Bora. Some Hitherto Unnoticed Documents on the v. Bora Family]
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3019:
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2207:
2132:
1716:, trans. James L. Schaaf (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1990); esp. chapter 4, 'Marriage, Home, and Family (1525–30).'
180:
2736:
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When Martin Luther died in 1546, Katharina was left in difficult financial straits without Luther's salary as
2751:
2524:
1958:
420:
349:
253:
49:
967:[On the History of the v. Bora Family and Some Estates in the Saxon Districts of Borna and Pegau.]
940:
The Slow Rise of the
Morning Star of Wittenberg: A Study and Narrative of the Origins of Katharina von Bora
854:"Die Beziehungen von Luthers Gemahlin, Catherina v. Bora, zur Familie v. Mergenthal. Wi(e)der eine Legende"
486:
161:
2705:
2481:
2374:
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By the time of
Katharina's death, the surviving Luther children were adults. After Katharina's death, the
353:
197:
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1316:
1231:
823:"Zur mutmaßlichen Herkunft der Catherina v. Bora: Einige bisher unbeachtete Urkunden zur Familie v. Bora"
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2283:
2184:
2160:
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1974:
1468:[Noblewoman and Nun: Gardener, Brewer, Cook, and Financial Director of the Luther Household].
1182:
427:. Katharina immediately took on the task of managing the monastery's vast holdings. She bred and sold
2994:
2989:
2877:
2756:
2685:
2217:
1761:
1087:
1047:
451:', after the farm they owned, and the 'morning star of Wittenberg' for her habit of rising at 4 a.m.
373:
75:
1730:
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press, 2003. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 3 December 2014.
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2609:
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2547:
2313:
2145:
2019:
2012:
920:
405:
2497:
907:[The Relations of Luther and His Wife, Katharina von Bora, to the von Hirschfeld family].
533:
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965:"Zur Geschichte der Familie v. Bora und einiger Güter in den sächsischen Ämtern Borna und Pegau"
372:, but none of the proposals resulted in marriage. She told Luther's friend and fellow reformer,
392:
Martin Luther, as well as many of his friends, was at first unsure of whether he should marry.
2786:
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905:"Die Beziehungen Luthers und seiner Gemahlin, Katharina von Bora, zur Familie von Hirschfeld"
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1527:
1390:
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200:. Although little is known about her, she is often considered to have been important to the
148:
143:
1631:. Vol. 54. edited and translated by Theodore G. Tappert. Philadelphia: Fortress Press.
904:
297:
Plaque on the ruins of Nimbschen Abbey, commemorating von Bora's time there and her escape.
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875:
345:
221:
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2195:
2178:
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1942:
1910:
1671:
The Reformation: A Narrative History Related by Contemporary Observers and Participants
699:
57:
572:. After she returned, the approaching war forced another flight in 1547, this time to
525:
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43:
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1813:
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749:(in German). Vol. 1. Sulzbach: J. E. von Seidel'schen Buchhandlung. p. 290
411:
The couple took up residence in the former dormitory and educational institution of
244:
2741:
2409:
2318:
1894:
1466:"Adlige und Nonne – Gärtnerin, Brauerin, Köchin und Finanzvorstand im Hause Luther"
758:
588:
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412:
401:
365:
260:
53:
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and that her parents were Hans von Bora zu Hirschfeld and his wife, born Anna von
17:
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2746:
2541:
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1230:
694:
The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
646:
510:
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275:
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156:
576:. In July 1547, at the close of the war, she was able to return to Wittenberg.
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and a harvest failure forced her to leave the city once again. She fled to
1748:
The Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod (USA) Concordia Historical Institute
1270:
1020:
587:
She remained in Wittenberg in poverty until 1552, when an outbreak of the
2918:
2414:
2189:
506:
440:
436:
307:
233:
2293:
1402:
1296:
Treu, Martin (2014). "Katharina von Bora, the Woman at Luther's Side".
618:
444:
432:
319:
263:
1767:
Catherine de Bora: Or Social and Domestic Scenes in the Home of Luther
1377:
626:
592:
550:
538:
494:
428:
361:
327:
315:
283:
267:
97:
1394:
352:
and his wife, Barbara. Von Bora had a number of suitors, including
1935:
The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ—Against the Fanatics
1421:
853:
822:
600:
532:
524:
383:
323:
292:
243:
1776:
Katharine von Bora, Dr. Martin Luther's wife. A picture from life
599:. She is reported to have said on her deathbed, 'I will stick to
376:, that she would be willing to marry only Luther or von Amsdorf.
224:. According to common belief, she was born on 29 January 1499 in
1782:
1156:
397:
2563:
1786:
660:
In addition to a statue in Wittenberg and several biographies,
290:. Von Bora's presence is in the financial accounts of 1509/10.
1714:
Martin Luther: Shaping and Defining the Reformation, 1521–1532
1566:
Lutheran Service Book, xiii. Concordia Publishing House, 2006.
1005:] (in German). Vol. 4. Weimar: Hermann Böhlau. 2002.
671:
287:
1709:, trans. Eileen Walliser-Schwarzbart (New York: Image, 1992).
1378:"Katharina von Bora Through Five Centuries: A Historiography"
1315:
Karant-Nunn, Susan C.; Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E., eds. (2003).
454:
Based on Luther's descriptions, his wife, whom he nicknamed '
1749:
777:"How a Runaway Nun Helped an Outlaw Monk Change the World"
537:
von Bora's gravestone engraving at Saint Mary's Church in
322:
to the convent. The nuns escaped by hiding in his covered
184:; 29 January 1499? – 20 December 1552), after her wedding
1740:
641:
Katharina von Bora is commemorated on 20 December in the
447:, working alongside them. Luther called her the 'boss of
192:" ('the Lutheress'), was the wife of the German reformer
1003:
The Works of D. Martin Luther: Complete Critical Edition
517:, his marriage became a natural target for his enemies.
863:(in German): 342–347 – via Familienarchiv Wagner.
999:
D. Martin Luthers Werke : kritische Gesamtausgabe
610:
was sold back to the university in 1564 by his heirs.
3035:
People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar
2933:
556:
Almost immediately after, Katharina had to leave the
2886:
2825:
2724:
2668:
2602:
2534:
2509:
2423:
2362:
2246:
2090:
2037:
1838:
1658:. Academic Renewal Press (Paperback), 2001. 279 p.
617:on 27 December 1534, married into a noble, wealthy
220:Katharina von Bora was the daughter to a family of
133:
105:
86:
64:
34:
1919:Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants
1509:
1376:
1255:(in German). Vol. 2. Weimar: Hermann Böhlau.
973:Genealogie: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Familienkunde
831:Genealogie: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Familienkunde
259:Her father sent then five-year-old von Bora to a
3015:Former Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
1253:D. Martin Luthers Werke: Kritische Gesamtausgabe
497:children, including Katharina's nephew, Fabian.
580:to support herself thanks to the generosity of
473:Katharina bore six children: Hans (1526–1575),
3040:Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism
1863:To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
877:Katharina von Bora: Geschichtliches Lebensbild
2575:
1798:
1726:Karant-Nunn, Susan C., and Merry E. Wiesner.
1644:Women of the Reformation in Germany and Italy
415:friars studying in Wittenberg (known as the '
8:
493:on 1 November 1539. The Luthers raised four
1176:
1174:
909:Beiträge zur sächssischen Kirchengeschichte
653:. In 2022, she was officially added to the
2599:
2582:
2568:
2560:
2034:
1805:
1791:
1783:
1516:. New York: Pearson Longman. p. 209.
1449:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
42:
31:
1871:On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church
1615:, New York: Penguin, 1995, c1950. 336 p.
1036:"500th Anniversary of Katharine von Bora"
718:Learn how and when to remove this message
100:, Electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire
1356:Peterson, Sarah Lynn (3 February 2006).
942:] (in German). Ziethen. p. 79.
3025:16th-century German Roman Catholic nuns
2940:
1741:A website devoted to Katharina von Bora
735:
204:, her marriage setting a precedent for
126: 1525; died 1546)
27:Wife of Martin Luther (circa 1499–1552)
1442:
1283:
861:Familienforschung in Mitteldeutschland
808:Archiv für Familiengeschichtsforschung
388:Three depictions of Katharina von Bora
2236:Die Lügend von S. Johanne Chrysostomo
1951:Confession Concerning Christ's Supper
1707:Luther: Man Between God and the Devil
1613:Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther
1114:Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther
564:, by herself, at the outbreak of the
179:
7:
3005:People from the Electorate of Saxony
1199:Martin Luther: The Man and the Image
1086:Kilcrease, Jack (20 December 2016).
770:
768:
746:Handwörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache
655:Episcopal Church liturgical calendar
1577:"General Convention Virtual Binder"
1116:. Abingdon-Cokesbury. p. 223.
582:John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
1887:Against Henry, King of the English
1358:"Luther's Later Years (1538-1546)"
1304:(2): 156–178 – via Atla RDB.
1074:Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae
987:– via Familienarchiv Wagner.
841:– via Familienarchiv Wagner.
48:Portrait of Catherine von Bora by
25:
2230:Propaganda during the Reformation
1137:Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920).
880:(in German). Berlin: Georg Reimer
775:Curry, Andrew (20 October 2017).
657:with a feast day on 20 December.
489:(1534–1570). She also suffered a
481:(1529–1542), Martin (1531–1565),
2967:
2955:
2943:
2603:Theological writers and scholars
2077:Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam
2029:Weimar edition of Luther's works
1183:"Katharina von Bora (1499–1552)"
934:Liebehenschel, Wolfgang (1999).
676:
425:Frederick III, Elector of Saxony
423:, brother of Luther's protector
306:, Luther sent Leonhard Köppe, a
286:, where her maternal aunt was a
1855:Sermon on Indulgences and Grace
181:[kataˈʁiːnaːfɔnˈboːʁaː]
123:
3000:People from Leipzig (district)
2887:Significant for another reason
2792:Marietje Jan de Gortersdochter
2716:Anna II, Abbess of Quedlinburg
2370:All Saints' Church, Wittenberg
2062:Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn
1997:On the Councils and the Church
1903:The Adoration of the Sacrament
1773:Hermann Nietschmann 1840–1929
1728:Luther On Women: A Sourcebook.
1435:Bring, Johan Theophil (1917).
1238:New International Encyclopedia
903:Hirschfeld, Georg von (1883).
743:Rixner, Thaddä Anselm (1830).
1:
2344:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
1879:On the Freedom of a Christian
1830:Resources about Martin Luther
1750:website on Katherine von Bora
1383:The Sixteenth Century Journal
1318:Luther on Women: A Sourcebook
1202:. Ardent Media. p. 182.
584:, and the princes of Anhalt.
2858:Anna Radziwiłłówna Kiszczyna
2843:Anna Maria of the Palatinate
2400:Melanchthonhaus (Wittenberg)
2110:Heidelberg Disputation, 1518
2070:A Mighty Fortress Is Our God
1648:Augsburg Fortress Publishers
664:now keeps her memory alive.
501:Significance of the marriage
196:and a seminal figure of the
2395:Martin Luther's Death House
2390:Martin Luther's Birth House
2253:Hans and Margarethe Luther
2166:Priesthood of all believers
1437:The Wife and Home of Luther
1232:"Bora, Katharina von"
1196:Rix, Herbert David (1983).
1112:Bainton, Roland H. (1950).
1088:"Katharina von Bora Luther"
3061:
2354:Albrecht VII. von Mansfeld
2005:On the Jews and Their Lies
1927:On the Bondage of the Will
1686:Concordia Publishing House
1375:Smith, Jeanette C. (199).
1326:Cambridge University Press
1140:The Encyclopedia Americana
613:Margareta Luther, born in
2598:
2405:St. Augustine's Monastery
2156:Theology of Martin Luther
2146:Augsburg Confession, 1530
1820:
1669:Hans J. Hillerbrand, ed.
1508:Fisher, Mary Pat (2005).
1219:– via Google Books.
348:of Wittenberg, then with
41:
2873:Elisabeth of Brandenburg
2645:Elisabeth of Brandenburg
2640:Catherine Vasa of Sweden
2592:women in the Reformation
2590:16th-century Protestant
2208:Eucharist in Lutheranism
2134:Decet Romanum Pontificem
1542:"Margaretha von Kunheim"
874:Thoma, Albrecht (1900).
419:'), a wedding gift from
318:who regularly delivered
3030:Family of Martin Luther
2899:Anna Pehrsönernas moder
2853:Inger Ottesdotter Rømer
2752:Wendelmoet Claesdochter
2410:Veste Coburg (Fortress)
1959:On War Against the Turk
1486:[Later Years].
1143:. Bora, Katharina von.
963:Wagner, Jürgen (2010).
911:(in German) (2): 83–311
852:Wagner, Jürgen (2006).
821:Wagner, Jürgen (2005).
421:John, Elector of Saxony
350:Lucas Cranach the Elder
282:('Mary's Throne') near
254:Lucas Cranach the Elder
188:, also referred to as "
50:Lucas Cranach the Elder
2706:Birgitta Botolfsdotter
2483:Martin Luther, Heretic
2375:Stadtkirche Wittenberg
2141:Marburg Colloquy, 1529
1241:. Vol. III. 1905.
542:
530:
389:
354:Hieronymus Baumgartner
298:
256:
198:Protestant Reformation
2868:Marguerite de Navarre
2807:Elisabeth Wandscherer
2691:Katharina von Zimmern
2681:Ursula of Munsterberg
2289:Bartholomaeus Arnoldi
2284:Albert of Brandenburg
2161:Theology of the Cross
2047:First Lutheran hymnal
1975:Articles of Schwabach
1362:susanlynnpeterson.com
1034:Weber, Erwin (1999).
810:(in German): 242–271.
603:as a burr to cloth.'
536:
528:
520:
387:
296:
247:
222:Saxon lesser nobility
2878:Barbara von Wertheim
2757:Anneke Esaiasdochter
2686:Charlotte of Bourbon
2218:Words of Institution
2115:Leipzig Debate, 1519
1762:John Gottlieb Morris
1755:26 July 2010 at the
1673:, Grand Rapids, MI:
1587:on 13 September 2022
1092:Lutheran Reformation
1040:The Lutheran Journal
833:(in German): 673–703
662:an opera of her life
521:After Luther's death
374:Nicolaus von Amsdorf
140:Hans (Johannes)
76:Electorate of Saxony
2725:Reformation martyrs
2610:Argula von Grumbach
2548:Theologia Germanica
2314:Johann von Staupitz
2128:Diet of Worms, 1521
2013:Vom Schem Hamphoras
1650:(Hardcover), 1971.
1642:Roland H. Bainton,
1181:Germany, TourComm.
1050:on 16 February 2020
1046:(2). Archived from
781:National Geographic
406:Johannes Bugenhagen
2838:Elisabeth of Hesse
2817:Katarzyna Weiglowa
2737:María de Bohórquez
2676:Katharina von Bora
2655:Elisabeth Cruciger
2630:Elizabeth Melville
2349:Frederick the Wise
2334:Philip Melanchthon
2260:Katharina von Bora
2054:Erfurt Enchiridion
1847:Ninety-five Theses
1705:Heiko A. Oberman,
1548:. 17 December 1534
1298:Lutheran Quarterly
643:Calendar of Saints
543:
531:
467:Anecdotal evidence
394:Philip Melanchthon
390:
380:Marriage to Luther
299:
257:
173:Katharina von Bora
36:Katharina von Bora
18:Katherine von Bora
2931:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2787:Ursula van Beckum
2625:Magdalena Heymair
2557:
2556:
2521:, Washington D.C.
2329:Andreas Karlstadt
2280:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2213:Sacramental union
2086:
2085:
1990:Smalcald Articles
1609:Roland H. Bainton
1512:Women in Religion
1209:978-0-8290-0554-7
890:Project Gutenberg
728:
727:
720:
623:Georg von Kunheim
485:(1533–1593), and
439:, she operated a
210:clerical marriage
170:
169:
80:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
3052:
3010:German Lutherans
2972:
2971:
2970:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2948:
2947:
2939:
2909:Catherine Tishem
2904:Catharina Herman
2894:Amalia of Cleves
2782:Maria van Beckum
2772:Guernsey Martyrs
2767:Elizabeth Pepper
2711:Elizabeth Zouche
2660:Catherine Tishem
2600:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2561:
2511:Luther Monuments
2324:Karl von Miltitz
2304:Johann Cochlaeus
2278:
2270:
2268:Magdalena Luther
2262:
2254:
2035:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1784:
1745:
1675:Baker Book House
1632:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1583:. Archived from
1573:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1546:geni_family_tree
1538:
1532:
1531:
1528:Internet Archive
1515:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1380:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1323:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1083:
1077:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1060:Internet Archive
1057:
1055:
1031:
1025:
1024:
995:
989:
988:
986:
984:
970:
960:
954:
953:
931:
925:
924:
918:
916:
900:
894:
893:
887:
885:
871:
865:
864:
858:
849:
843:
842:
840:
838:
828:
818:
812:
811:
803:
797:
796:
794:
792:
787:on 15 April 2021
783:. Archived from
772:
763:
762:
756:
754:
740:
723:
716:
712:
709:
703:
680:
679:
672:
649:churches in the
629:, 1 July 1523 –
566:Schmalkaldic War
529:von Bora in 1546
470:church matters.
465:when necessary.
278:community named
208:family life and
186:Katharina Luther
183:
178:
127:
125:
93:
90:20 December 1552
68:29 January 1499?
46:
32:
21:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3045:Anglican saints
3020:Cistercian nuns
2980:
2979:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2942:
2934:
2932:
2923:
2914:Idelette Calvin
2882:
2863:Renée of France
2848:Jeanne d'Albret
2821:
2762:Aefgen Listincx
2720:
2701:Cecily Bodenham
2664:
2594:
2588:
2558:
2553:
2530:
2525:Luther Monument
2519:Luther Monument
2505:
2419:
2415:Wartburg Castle
2358:
2309:Johann Reuchlin
2242:
2201:Marian theology
2092:
2082:
2033:
1983:Large Catechism
1967:Small Catechism
1834:
1816:
1811:
1757:Wayback Machine
1743:
1737:
1712:Martin Brecht,
1639:
1637:Further reading
1627:Lehman (1967).
1626:
1605:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1581:www.vbinder.net
1575:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1524:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1441:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1415:
1413:
1395:10.2307/2544815
1374:
1373:
1369:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1321:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1263:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1071:
1067:
1053:
1051:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1013:
997:
996:
992:
982:
980:
968:
962:
961:
957:
950:
933:
932:
928:
914:
912:
902:
901:
897:
883:
881:
873:
872:
868:
856:
851:
850:
846:
836:
834:
826:
820:
819:
815:
805:
804:
800:
790:
788:
774:
773:
766:
752:
750:
742:
741:
737:
733:
724:
713:
707:
704:
693:
687:has an unclear
681:
677:
670:
639:
523:
503:
417:Black Monastery
382:
346:municipal clerk
326:among the fish
272:Nimbschen Abbey
242:
218:
176:
166:
129:
121:
117:
114:
101:
95:
91:
82:
69:
60:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3058:
3056:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2964:
2952:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2696:Marie Dentière
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2635:Katharina Zell
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2596:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2522:
2515:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2495:
2487:
2479:
2471:
2463:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2430:
2428:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2273:
2265:
2257:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2238:(1537 edition)
2232:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2196:Law and Gospel
2193:
2187:
2182:
2179:Sola scriptura
2175:
2168:
2163:
2153:
2151:Luther's canon
2148:
2143:
2138:
2130:
2125:
2121:Exsurge Domine
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2043:
2041:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1993:
1987:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1943:Deutsche Messe
1939:
1931:
1923:
1915:
1911:Formula missae
1907:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1875:
1867:
1859:
1851:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1771:
1759:
1746:
1736:
1735:External links
1733:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1700:Luther's Works
1697:
1680:E. Jane Mall,
1678:
1667:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1629:Luther's Works
1624:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1568:
1559:
1533:
1522:
1500:
1475:
1464:Kopp, Eduard.
1456:
1427:
1389:(3): 745–774.
1367:
1348:
1334:
1307:
1288:
1286:, p. 174.
1276:
1261:
1244:
1222:
1208:
1188:
1170:
1129:
1122:
1104:
1078:
1065:
1026:
1011:
990:
955:
948:
926:
895:
866:
844:
813:
798:
764:
734:
732:
729:
726:
725:
708:September 2022
689:citation style
684:
682:
675:
669:
666:
638:
635:
608:Black Cloister
558:Black Cloister
522:
519:
502:
499:
381:
378:
330:, and fled to
248:A portrait of
241:
238:
217:
214:
168:
167:
165:
164:
159:
154:
151:
146:
141:
137:
135:
131:
130:
119:
115:
110:
109:
107:
103:
102:
96:
94:(aged 53)
88:
84:
83:
70:
66:
62:
61:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3057:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2953:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:Anneke Ogiers
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
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2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2650:Emilia Lanier
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2451:Martin Luther
2448:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2435:Martin Luther
2432:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2266:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2089:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2039:List of hymns
2036:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1814:Martin Luther
1808:
1803:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1719:Yvonne Davy,
1718:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1694:0-570-03113-3
1691:
1687:
1684:, St. Louis:
1683:
1682:Kitty, My Rib
1679:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1664:0-7880-9909-4
1661:
1657:
1656:0-8066-1116-2
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1621:0-452-01146-9
1618:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1523:9780321194817
1519:
1514:
1513:
1504:
1501:
1489:
1485:
1484:"Späte Jahre"
1479:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1438:
1431:
1428:
1423:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1337:
1335:0-521-65091-7
1331:
1327:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1262:9783740009472
1258:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1233:
1226:
1223:
1211:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1133:
1130:
1125:
1123:9780687168934
1119:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1079:
1076:II 15 Nr. 455
1075:
1069:
1066:
1061:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1012:9783740009496
1008:
1004:
1000:
994:
991:
978:
975:(in German).
974:
966:
959:
956:
951:
949:9783932090592
945:
941:
937:
930:
927:
922:
910:
906:
899:
896:
891:
879:
878:
870:
867:
862:
855:
848:
845:
832:
824:
817:
814:
809:
802:
799:
786:
782:
778:
771:
769:
765:
760:
748:
747:
739:
736:
730:
722:
719:
711:
701:
697:
691:
690:
685:This article
683:
674:
673:
667:
665:
663:
658:
656:
652:
651:United States
648:
644:
637:Commemoration
636:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
585:
583:
577:
575:
571:
568:, fleeing to
567:
563:
560:, now called
559:
554:
552:
548:
540:
535:
527:
518:
516:
512:
508:
500:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
477:(1527–1528),
476:
471:
468:
464:
460:
457:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
386:
379:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
304:Holy Saturday
295:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
262:
255:
251:
250:Martin Luther
246:
239:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
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2833:Anne Boleyn
2826:Benefactors
2797:Weyn Ockers
2747:Joan Bocher
2669:Former nuns
2542:Luther rose
2501:(2017 film)
2493:(2003 film)
2485:(1983 film)
2477:(1974 film)
2469:(1964 film)
2461:(1961 play)
2453:(1953 film)
2445:(1928 film)
2437:(1923 film)
2427:and theatre
2299:Georg Rörer
2276:Paul Luther
2105:Lutheranism
2100:Reformation
1744:(in German)
1721:Frau Luther
1603:Works cited
1470:Luther 2017
1284:Lehman 1967
621:family, to
491:miscarriage
463:renovations
413:Augustinian
280:Marienthron
261:Benedictine
252:in 1526 by
202:Reformation
2984:Categories
2812:Joan Waste
2732:Anne Askew
2620:Anne Locke
2615:Anne Bacon
2380:Lutherhaus
2339:Pope Leo X
2271:(daughter)
2093:and events
2022:Table Talk
700:footnoting
668:References
631:Mühlhausen
615:Wittenberg
597:Wittenberg
562:Lutherhaus
515:propaganda
431:and ran a
332:Wittenberg
312:councillor
276:Cistercian
240:Early life
230:Hirschfeld
226:Lippendorf
206:Protestant
72:Lippendorf
2255:(parents)
2172:Sola fide
2020:Luther's
1445:cite book
1411:163721664
1149:1943-5045
731:Citations
570:Magdeburg
547:professor
541:, Germany
487:Margarete
479:Magdalena
475:Elisabeth
437:epidemics
370:Orlamünde
358:Nuremberg
339:canon law
162:Margarete
149:Magdalena
144:Elisabeth
2919:Rose Lok
2190:Beerwolf
2079:" (1543)
2072:" (1529)
1753:Archived
1688:, 1959.
1488:Lutherin
1157:34007870
696:citation
647:Lutheran
645:of some
619:Prussian
507:marriage
495:orphaned
449:Zulsdorf
441:hospital
360:, and a
308:merchant
234:Haugwitz
216:Ancestry
134:Children
2974:History
2962:Germany
2936:Portals
2535:Related
2527:, Worms
2294:Erasmus
1677:, 1979.
1591:22 July
1552:16 June
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2091:Topics
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2016:(1543)
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284:Grimma
268:Brehna
153:Martin
106:Spouse
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2279:(son)
1839:Works
1422:JSTOR
1407:S2CID
1399:JSTOR
1322:(PDF)
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969:(PDF)
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459:Käthe
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1554:2018
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1451:link
1418:2023
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1267:OCLC
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1153:LCCN
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