417:, the emirs of Kebbi and Gwandu and the Sultan of Sokoto turned out in force, with a show of fifteen thousand horsemen and camels. The Emirs gave Lugard sixteen ponies as tribute, and prostrated themselves before him. The British established a system where the emirs were given large administrative authority subject to the direction of District Officers. The Argungu posting was not sought after. The mosquitoes were so bad that the D.O. had to sleep in a specially constructed mosquito cage.
406:
the
British zone by agreement, and then to protect the boundary commission that was delimiting the boundary between the French and British spheres. On hearing word that the Sultan of Sokoto was gathering his forces, this force and others were dispatched to Sokoto where after some fighting they achieved a decisive victory. Sarkin Sama had welcomed the British for political reasons, since under the British system of indirect rule he was able to regain and consolidate his power.
60:
491:. Crops would include rice, maize, wheat, barley and vegetables such as cow peas, onions, tomatoes, sweet potatoes and Irish potatoes. The dam would also benefit the fishing industry, important in the state. The project promises significant benefits but is controversial, since it would change land use patterns, displace some communities and flood the site of the annual fishing festival. The Emir of Argungu has been stoned in protests over the project.
377:. In 1860 the Emir of Gwandu, Haliru, was killed in battle at Karakara. In 1867 the Fulani recognized the independence of Kebbi in a formal treaty. In 1875 war broke out again when the people of Fanna in the lower Rima valley decided to transfer their allegiance to Gwandu. Sarkin Kebbi Sama'ila achieved a string of successes against Gwandu between 1883 and 1903, with some severe setbacks, until the establishment of the
126:
67:
228:, which are seasonally flooded. There is a wet season between May and September, with little rain in the remainder of the year. Mean annual rainfall is about 800mm. Average temperatures are about 26 °C, ranging from 21 °C in winter to 40 °C between April and June. Kebbi is populated by the Kebbawa, a subgroup of the Hausa.
450:
By 2009, the renamed
Argungu International and Cultural Festival included a grand durbar with 500 well-decorated horses and their riders, and 120 well decorated camels and their riders, led by the flag bearer of the Argungu Emirate and including participants from many other ethnic groups. The largest
511:
not only a national monument but a historical cultural resource for the World
Heritage List. The museum building, adjacent to the main market was built in 1831 by Yakubu Nabame and served as the Emir's palace until 1942, when the British built a new administrative palace during the reign of Muhammed
434:
is one of the largest cultural events in northern
Nigeria. The Festival has a long history. It was first staged when the Sultan of Sokoto, Hassan Dan Mu'azu, visited the Argungu Emirate in 1934, and was held to display the fishing ability of the Kabawas by the Emir Muhammed Sama. Until the 1960s the
397:
was given charge of an expedition to discover the northern limits of the Sokoto caliphate. Reaching
Argungu in the summer of 1891, he found that the emirate was independent of Sokoto, although it was to be defeated by Sokoto in March 1892 and forced to once again become a subject state. Monteil also
405:
When the
British heard of Monteil's report, and then heard that the French had raised their flag in Argungu, they dispatched troops to Argungu in 1898, where they found no French presence. The British established a permanent force in Argungu in 1902 to provide protection to French caravans crossing
373:
effectively controlled Kebbi politics and it acted as a puppet state. Kebbi now formed a hostile wedge between Sokoto and Gwandu, and sporadic warfare continued for the next fifty years. In 1859 Yakubu's brother and successor Yusufu
Mainasara was killed in battle in the dried out floodplain of the
392:
On 5 August 1890 the
British and French concluded an agreement to divide West Africa between the two colonial powers. Under this agreement, Britain would acquire all territories up to and including the Sokoto Caliphate, while the French would take the lands further to the north. The people of the
372:
In 1849 Yakubu renounced his allegiance and proclaimed himself Sarkin Kebbi. After see-saw battles, including at one time a siege of
Argungu by Sokoto forces, Sultan Aliyu of Sokoto effectively recognized the independence of the Kebbi Emirate based in Argungu. However the Sokoto government
328:
to invade and occupy the Hausa states. However, after Kanta's death in 1556 the Hausa states stopped paying tribute, and his son and successor Ahmadu did not attempt to force the issue. By the end of the sixteenth century Kebbi had become a minor kingdom.
516:. The museum has a notable collection of weapons, consisting of charms, spears, swords, wood, stones, bows and arrows, local guns and even drums on display. The museum is also known to be a place where dead emirs of the local government are buried.
284:
and established his independence which lasted until the downfall of the
Songhay empire. The reason for Kebbi's break with Songhay was the refusal of the Dendi-fari to give the Kanta his share of the booty obtained in an expedition against the
361:, Muhammadu Hodi, was driven from his capital and replaced by a puppet ruler, Usuman Masa. However, the Kebbawa continued to resist, and Abdullahi was unable to complete the conquest. Muhammadu Hodi fought on in the
471:, wrestling and boxing matches, and an agricultural fair. The importance of the festival to the economy has led the government to conserve fish stock by prohibiting use of gill nets and cast nets.
455:, his wife, six governors and many traditional rulers. The 2009 festival also included water sports, archery and catapulting competitions, a motor rally, performances by dance troupes from
483:
was conceived in 1969 and long delayed, but seemed likely to be started in 2009. The project would irrigate 10,572 hectares of farmland in the floodplain of the Rima River between
1901:
447:. For political reasons, the festival lost support and no festival was staged from 1999 until 2004. The festival has now been revived and is becoming a major tourist attraction.
301:, the Kanta was able to inflict a crushing defeat on Songhay, the Askia's army was scattered 'pell-mell' and Muhammad Bunkan was fortunate to get away with his life. The
280:
where it is related that in the year 1516-7 Kanta Kuta, ruler of Leka, revolted against the Dendi-fari ("governor of the eastern front"), a provincial governor of the
1800:
289:. In the year 1517–8, an attempt was made by Songhay to re-establish its authority over Kebbi, but was unsuccessful. Kuta was succeeded, probably in 1523-4 by
365:
Valley, and his successor Karari in Argungu and Zazzagawa. On Karari's death in 1831, his son Yakubu Nabame surrendered, and for 16 years lived in exile in
1699:
2202:
1894:
1867:
2197:
1887:
499:
In June 2009 Argungu Emirate presented a proposal to the National Commission for Museums and Monuments to give the historic Surame site a
1910:
1087:
414:
212:
The Kebbi emirate is in the northwest of the modern Kebbi State. In earlier times it extended to the south of its original capital of
1838:
1604:
1567:
1533:
1483:
1449:
1415:
1351:
1253:
1748:
88:
59:
1621:
381:
305:, which records this incident, says that no other Askia again attempted an expedition against Kebbi. During this period
257:("seven bastards") or seven "illegitimate" states. The rulers of these states were supposed to trace their lineage to a
1804:
173:
46:
1130:
431:
1707:
1313:
Tarikh es-Soudan par Abderrahman ben Abdallah ben 'Imran ben 'Amir es-Sa'di. Traduit de l'arabe par O. Houdas
504:
452:
451:
fish weighed 55 kg, and the prizes for this catch were presented at a ceremony attended by President
394:
298:
250:
2135:
503:
listing. Surame was the first capital of the Kebbi Kingdom, founded by Mohammadu Kanta Kotal. Senator
1525:
Islam and colonialism: intellectual responses of Muslims of Northern Nigeria to British colonial rule
1119:
480:
2130:
1647:
1590:
1214:
399:
342:
358:
2161:
512:
Sani. On 1 July 1958, it opened as a museum, offering an insight into the turbulent history of
435:
festival was a local affair, but in 1972 it was attended by the Nigerian Head of State, General
2176:
2004:
1863:
1834:
1600:
1563:
1557:
1529:
1479:
1473:
1445:
1411:
1405:
1347:
1292:
1249:
1243:
138:
1594:
1523:
1506:
1439:
1341:
2125:
2095:
2070:
2065:
2024:
2019:
1964:
1189:
354:
286:
221:
1924:
410:
346:
302:
277:
1380:
1311:
369:
until Sultan Aliyu Babba allowed him to return to Argungu as a vassal of the Caliphate.
2044:
2029:
1994:
1939:
500:
378:
350:
313:
294:
281:
269:
217:
193:
1857:
2191:
2105:
2085:
2080:
2060:
2034:
2014:
2009:
1989:
1984:
1974:
1969:
1959:
1954:
1929:
1723:"Management of Inland Capture Fisheries and Challenges to Fish Production in Nigeria"
362:
317:
197:
1164:
2115:
1979:
1944:
1934:
1475:
The diplomacy of partition: Britain, France, and the creation of Nigeria, 1890–1898
1441:
The diplomacy of partition: Britain, France, and the creation of Nigeria, 1890-1898
508:
488:
444:
436:
338:
325:
321:
254:
246:
242:
213:
201:
189:
907:
son of Samaila. Captured several towns before being killed by an arrow at Kibiari
192:
kingdom of Kebbi. The Emirate is one of four in Kebbi State, the others being the
1774:
1673:
2090:
1949:
552:
513:
290:
276:(1464–1492). The earliest documented mention of a Kebbi ruler is to be found in
181:
143:
224:, open woodland with scattered trees. It is intersected by the lowlands of the
2156:
1879:
374:
225:
1296:
103:
90:
17:
2151:
524:
Rulers of the Hausa kingdom before incorporation into the Sokoto Caliphate:
309:, of which the massive walls still survive, was the capital of the kingdom.
273:
258:
1245:
General History of Africa: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century
975:
son of Yakubu. A great warrior who was known to have burnt 90 Fulani towns
398:
found little evidence of the presence claimed in the region by the British
261:
of the Hausa founding father, Bayajidda, hence the locally disdainful term
1722:
268:
The first historical references date to the time when the area came under
2100:
1280:
1060:
son of Samaila III. Abdicated following a disagreement with his council
2171:
484:
185:
177:
131:
2039:
884:
366:
306:
293:
and it was under him that Kebbi emerged as a formidable power in the
1281:"A LITTLE-KNOWN DIPLOMATIC EPISODE IN THE HISTORY OF KEBBI (c.1594)"
1316:. Robarts - University of Toronto. Paris E. Leroux. pp. 146–7.
2166:
2120:
2075:
468:
456:
440:
2110:
1043:
a descendant of Muhammadu Dan Giwa (r. 1700–1717), Sarkin Kebbi
464:
460:
1883:
941:
son of Yakubu. Avenged his uncle's death before he was killed
1310:
Sad, Abd al-Ramn ibn Abd Allh; Houdas, Octave Victor (1900).
1596:
Symbol of authority: the British district officer in Africa
1775:"Argungu Emirate Presents Site For World Heritage Listing"
1379:
H.A.S. Johnston. (1967). "Chapter 18: The Kebbi Wars".
349:, defeated the forces of Kebbi. He became ruler of the
1559:
State/culture: state-formation after the cultural turn
924:
son of Samaila. Was killed by Haliru, Emir of Gwandu
528:
Great Hausa kingdom based on Surame and Birnin Kebbi
1728:. Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology
843:
Rulers of the Hausa Emirate established at Argungu:
312:
Kebbi became a major power in the region, resisting
2144:
2053:
1917:
1862:. London: Burke's Peerage. 1977. pp. 186–187.
241:Kebbi is traditionally considered to belong to the
220:and of Kebbi State itself. The landscape is mainly
154:
149:
137:
119:
34:
324:lands to the south and defeating attempts by the
402:, apart from a few commercial depots in Gwandu.
1248:. Heinemann Educational Books. p. 270ff.
409:By 1908, British power was unquestioned. At a
1895:
8:
1285:Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria
1622:"Kebbi, MTN set for Argungu fishing fiesta"
1511:. Taylor & Francis. 1964. p. 60ff.
1902:
1888:
1880:
1824:
1822:
1674:"Argungu Fishing Festival - Morning After"
1374:
1372:
1370:
31:
1562:. Cornell University Press. p. 231.
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
393:region were not consulted. The Frenchman
297:. Sudan. During the reign of the Songhay
29:Traditional state in Kebbi State, Nigeria
1346:. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 62.
1343:African History: Western African history
845:
808:
526:
1326:See brief description in E. J. Arnett,
1237:
1235:
1143:
847:Hausa successor state based on Argungu
413:held in 1908 for the colonial governor
353:, which dominated the northeast of the
345:(c. 1766–1828), the younger brother of
148:
118:
83:
66:
52:
1852:
1850:
1385:. Oxford University Press, pp.187-195
333:Struggle against the Fulani Jihadists
188:. It is the successor to the ancient
153:
136:
7:
1591:Anthony Hamilton Millard Kirk-Greene
1404:J. D. Fage, William Tordoff (2002).
1274:
1272:
1859:Burke's royal families of the world
253:, the Kebbi kingdom was one of the
1833:. London: McFarland. p. 151.
1773:Mohammed S. Shehu (18 June 2009).
1747:Tosin Omoniyi (20 December 2009).
25:
1133:, Oxford 1967 (pp. 187–195).
249:. According to the locally known
2203:Emirates of the Sokoto Caliphate
1124:The Emirates of Northern Nigeria
883:lead a heavy resistance against
382:protectorate of Northern Nigeria
124:
65:
58:
1165:"Traditional States of Nigeria"
1672:Saka Ibrahim (29 March 2009).
1508:The story of Sultan Attahiru I
852:
533:
216:, which is now capital of the
1:
1801:"The charm of Argungu Museum"
1620:SEGUN AJAYI (12 March 2008).
1328:The Rise of the Sokoto Fulani
507:also asked for help make the
1646:INUWA BWALA (3 March 2004).
1095:
1092:
1073:
1070:
1056:
1053:
1039:
1036:
1022:
1019:
1005:
1002:
988:
985:
971:
968:
954:
951:
937:
934:
920:
917:
903:
900:
897:(in exile from 1831 to 1849)
879:
876:
836:
833:
822:
819:
797:
794:
783:
780:
769:
766:
755:
752:
741:
738:
727:
724:
713:
710:
699:
696:
685:
682:
671:
668:
657:
654:
643:
640:
629:
626:
615:
612:
601:
598:
587:
584:
573:
570:
559:
556:
384:finally ended the fighting.
316:attacks, expanding into the
2198:Nigerian traditional states
1911:Nigerian traditional states
1522:Muhammad Sani Umar (2006).
1382:The Fulani Empire of Sokoto
1131:The Fulani Empire of Sokoto
1113:Sokoto Provincial Gazetteer
303:Al-Sa'di's Ta'rïkh al-Südän
278:Al-Sa'di's Ta'rïkh al-Südän
2219:
1721:A.A. Eyo and Y. B. Ahmed.
1599:. I.B.Tauris. p. 77.
1472:Claire Hirshfield (1979).
1444:. Springer. p. 37ff.
1438:Claire Hirshfield (1979).
1410:. Routledge. p. 206.
1340:Robert O. Collins (1990).
1831:African States and Rulers
1556:George Steinmetz (1999).
1478:. Springer. p. 164.
1242:D. T. Niane, ed. (1984).
439:and his counterpart from
272:rule during the reign of
84:
53:
44:
1700:"The lowdown on Argungu"
432:Argungu Fishing Festival
1279:Hunwick, J. O. (1971).
1219:Encyclopædia Britannica
887:. Was killed at Galewa
1829:Stewart, John (1989).
1803:. Next. Archived from
1749:"A Dam of Controversy"
1099:son of Muhammadu Mera
1077:son of Muhammadu Sani
1026:son of Muhammadu Sama
764:Muhammadu dan Tagande
505:Umaru Abubakar Argungu
347:Shaihu Usman dan Fodio
1648:"Reviving a heritage"
1528:. BRILL. p. 28.
966:Samaila II (or Sama)
553:Muhammadu Kantu Kotal
395:Parfait-Louis Monteil
299:Askia Muhammad Bunkan
176:based on the town of
158:Samaila Mohammad Mera
1330:, Kano, 1922, p. 14.
1129:Johnston, H. A. S.,
1120:A. H. M. Kirk-Greene
874:Samaila (or Karari)
694:Muhammadu na Sifawa
638:Maliki dan Ibrahimu
481:Zauro polder project
168:, also known as the
1407:A history of Africa
848:
736:Muhammadu dan Giwa
529:
453:Umaru Musa Yar'Adua
400:Royal Niger Company
388:Colonial occupation
343:Abdullahi dan Fodio
155: • Sarkin
100: /
1190:"Physical Setting"
1169:WorldStatesmen.org
1118:Hogben, S. J. and
1009:son of Samaila II
846:
527:
265:("illegitimate").
2185:
2184:
1869:978-0-85011-029-6
1215:"Muhammadu Kanta"
1103:
1102:
932:Muhammadu Ba Are
915:Yusufu Mainasara
898:
841:
840:
708:Ahmadu dan Amaru
174:traditional state
162:
161:
47:Traditional state
16:(Redirected from
2210:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1881:
1874:
1873:
1854:
1845:
1844:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1727:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1710:on 4 March 2016.
1706:. Archived from
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1376:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1337:
1331:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1161:
1090:
1051:Muhammadu Shefe
896:
854:
849:
535:
530:
426:Fishing festival
415:Frederick Lugard
355:Sokoto Caliphate
287:Sultanate of Air
222:Sudanian Savanna
130:
128:
127:
115:
114:
112:
111:
110:
105:
104:12.733°N 4.517°E
101:
98:
97:
96:
93:
69:
68:
62:
32:
21:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2140:
2049:
1913:
1908:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1807:on 21 July 2011
1798:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1731:
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1720:
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1715:
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1666:
1656:
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1645:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1505:
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1500:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1378:
1377:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1325:
1321:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1145:
1140:
1115:, Sokoto 1938 .
1111:Harris, P. G.:
1108:
1086:
1068:Muhammadu Mera
1017:Muhammadu Sani
1000:Muhammadu Sama
972:September 1915
958:son of Samaila
949:Abdullahi Toga
817:Muhammadu Fodi
778:Abdullahi Toga
666:Muhammadu Kaye
522:
497:
477:
475:Irrigation plan
428:
423:
390:
335:
239:
234:
210:
170:Argungu Emirate
125:
123:
108:
106:
102:
99:
94:
91:
89:
87:
86:
80:
79:
78:
77:
76:
75:
74:
73:Argungu Emirate
70:
49:
40:
37:
36:Argungu Emirate
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2216:
2214:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1884:
1876:
1875:
1868:
1846:
1839:
1818:
1791:
1765:
1739:
1713:
1690:
1664:
1652:Daily Champion
1638:
1612:
1605:
1582:
1568:
1548:
1534:
1514:
1498:
1484:
1464:
1450:
1430:
1416:
1396:
1366:
1352:
1332:
1319:
1302:
1291:(4): 575–581.
1268:
1254:
1231:
1206:
1194:Online Nigeria
1181:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1126:, London 1966.
1116:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
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992:son of Yakubu
990:
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984:
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895:Yakubu Nabame
893:
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839:
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806:Abubakar Ukar
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501:World Heritage
496:
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351:Gwandu Emirate
334:
331:
291:Muhammad Kanta
282:Songhay empire
238:
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218:Gwandu Emirate
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194:Gwandu Emirate
160:
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2018:
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1840:0-89950-390-X
1836:
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1799:Ayo Okulaja.
1795:
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1754:
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1743:
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1698:Ayo Okulaja.
1694:
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1606:1-85043-452-2
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1569:0-8014-8533-9
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1535:90-04-13946-X
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1353:1-55876-015-6
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1255:0-435-94810-5
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1057:October 1959
1050:
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792:Suleimanu II
791:
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749:
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421:Emirate today
420:
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295:Central Sudan
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207:
205:
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199:
198:Yauri Emirate
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
166:Kebbi Emirate
157:
145:
142:
140:
133:
122:
113:
109:12.733; 4.517
85:Coordinates:
61:
48:
43:
39:Kebbi Emirate
33:
27:
19:
18:Kebbi Kingdom
1999:
1858:
1830:
1809:. Retrieved
1805:the original
1794:
1782:. Retrieved
1778:
1768:
1756:. Retrieved
1752:
1742:
1730:. Retrieved
1716:
1708:the original
1703:
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:
1667:
1655:. Retrieved
1651:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1625:
1615:
1595:
1585:
1573:. Retrieved
1558:
1551:
1539:. Retrieved
1524:
1517:
1507:
1501:
1489:. Retrieved
1474:
1467:
1455:. Retrieved
1440:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1406:
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1381:
1357:. Retrieved
1342:
1335:
1327:
1322:
1312:
1305:
1288:
1284:
1259:. Retrieved
1244:
1222:. Retrieved
1218:
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:
1184:
1172:. Retrieved
1168:
1123:
1112:
1106:Bibliography
1034:Samaila III
860:Reign start
842:
680:Ibrahimu II
652:Umarau Ciwa
610:Suleimanu I
541:Reign start
523:
509:Kanta Museum
498:
489:Birnin Kebbi
478:
449:
445:Hamani Diori
437:Yakubu Gowon
429:
408:
404:
391:
371:
359:Sarkin Kebbi
339:Fulani jihad
336:
326:Bornu Empire
311:
267:
262:
255:Banza Bakwai
251:Hausa legend
243:Banza bakwai
240:
214:Birnin Kebbi
211:
202:Zuru Emirate
169:
165:
163:
26:
1779:Daily Trust
1085:Samaila IV
831:Samaila II
596:Ibrahimu I
514:Kebbi State
430:The annual
337:During the
182:Kebbi State
144:Kebbi State
107: /
2192:Categories
2157:Egba Alake
1138:References
1096:Incumbent
983:Suleimana
863:Reign end
624:Muhammadu
544:Reign end
375:Rima River
341:, in 1808
245:states of
226:Rima River
150:Government
2152:Akwa Akpa
2136:Bassa Nge
2005:Kontagora
1811:8 October
1784:8 October
1758:9 October
1753:Newswatch
1732:9 October
1683:8 October
1657:8 October
1631:8 October
1626:Daily Sun
1575:8 October
1541:8 October
1491:8 October
1457:8 October
1423:8 October
1389:8 October
1359:8 October
1297:0018-2540
1261:8 October
1224:8 October
1199:8 October
1174:8 October
568:Ahmadu I
274:Sunni Ali
259:concubine
247:Hausaland
2101:Kumbwada
2096:Kalabari
2054:Kingdoms
2020:Potiskum
1965:Damaturu
1918:Emirates
1593:(2006).
750:Samaila
208:Location
2172:Oke Ila
1925:Adamawa
1678:ThisDay
582:Dawuda
485:Argungu
379:British
363:Zamfara
314:Songhay
270:Songhay
237:Origins
232:History
186:Nigeria
178:Argungu
132:Nigeria
120:Country
92:12°44′N
2177:Wukari
2162:Idoani
2045:Patigi
2040:Zazzau
2030:Suleja
2025:Sokoto
1995:Ilorin
1940:Bauchi
1866:
1837:
1603:
1566:
1532:
1482:
1448:
1414:
1350:
1295:
1252:
885:Gwandu
866:Notes
520:Rulers
495:Museum
411:durbar
367:Sokoto
357:. The
307:Surame
129:
95:4°31′E
2167:Isedo
2145:Other
2131:Hausa
2126:Warri
2121:Opobo
2106:Nembe
2086:Ijebu
2081:Igala
2076:Gobir
2071:Bonny
2066:Benin
2061:Akure
2035:Yauri
2010:Lapai
2000:Kebbi
1990:Gumel
1985:Gombe
1975:Dikwa
1970:Daura
1960:Borno
1955:Borgu
1930:Agaie
1726:(PDF)
1093:1996
1074:1996
1071:1959
1054:1953
1040:1953
1037:1942
1023:1942
1020:1934
1006:1934
1003:1920
989:1920
986:1915
969:1883
955:1883
952:1860
938:1860
935:1859
921:1859
918:1854
904:1854
901:1831
880:1831
877:1827
857:Name
837:1827
834:1826
823:1826
820:1803
809:1803
798:1803
795:1775
784:1775
781:1754
770:1754
767:1750
756:1750
753:1717
742:1717
739:1700
728:1700
725:1696
722:Tomo
714:1696
711:1686
700:1686
697:1684
686:1684
683:1676
672:1676
669:1674
658:1674
655:1662
644:1662
641:1649
630:1649
627:1636
616:1636
613:1621
602:1621
599:1619
588:1619
585:1596
574:1596
571:1561
560:1561
557:1516
538:Name
469:Benin
457:Niger
441:Niger
318:Yauri
263:banza
190:Hausa
172:is a
139:State
2116:Ondo
2111:Okpe
2015:Muri
1980:Fika
1945:Bida
1935:Bade
1864:ISBN
1835:ISBN
1813:2010
1786:2010
1760:2010
1734:2010
1704:Next
1685:2010
1659:2010
1633:2010
1601:ISBN
1577:2010
1564:ISBN
1543:2010
1530:ISBN
1493:2010
1480:ISBN
1459:2010
1446:ISBN
1425:2010
1412:ISBN
1391:2010
1361:2010
1348:ISBN
1293:ISSN
1263:2010
1250:ISBN
1226:2010
1201:2010
1176:2010
487:and
479:The
467:and
465:Chad
461:Mali
322:Nupe
320:and
200:and
164:The
2091:Iwo
1950:Biu
1088:CON
1082:33
1065:32
1048:31
1031:30
1014:29
997:28
980:27
963:26
946:25
929:24
912:23
892:22
871:21
853:No.
828:21
814:20
803:19
789:18
775:17
761:16
747:15
733:14
719:13
705:12
691:11
677:10
534:No.
180:in
2194::
1849:^
1821:^
1777:.
1751:.
1702:.
1676:.
1650:.
1624:.
1369:^
1287:.
1283:.
1271:^
1234:^
1217:.
1192:.
1167:.
1146:^
1122::
663:9
649:8
635:7
621:6
607:5
593:4
579:3
565:2
549:1
463:,
459:,
443:,
204:.
196:,
184:,
1903:e
1896:t
1889:v
1872:.
1843:.
1815:.
1788:.
1762:.
1736:.
1687:.
1661:.
1635:.
1609:.
1579:.
1545:.
1495:.
1461:.
1427:.
1393:.
1363:.
1299:.
1289:5
1265:.
1228:.
1203:.
1178:.
20:)
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