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brought many bondspeople into the county, frustrating the slaveholders in
Kentucky. They sent a spy from Kentucky to Cass County, who familiarized himself with the Quakers who were Underground Railroad stationmasters and conductors. The spy returned to Kentucky and the information was used to plan a
169:
Three days after the confrontation, a trial was conducted. Charges were filed by white and free black abolitionists and
Quakers. The men from Kentucky provided documentation to prove ownership of the enslaved people. The case was tried by Ebenezer Mcllvain, a Berrien County Court Commissioner, who
194:
that abolished slavery, represented the defendants. He argued that the
Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 was no longer valid, due to subsequent case law. After more than two years, the trial was settled when David T. Nicholson agreed to pay more than $ 2,000 (equivalent to $ 73,248 in 2023) in court
174:. Mcllvain ruled that Kentucky did not have the correct paperwork. They showed bills of sale, but they did not have a certified copy of the Kentucky statutes that showed that slavery was legal. Mcllvain released the nine captives and 34 more freedom seekers traveled on the Underground Railroad to
135:
Thirteen men from
Kentucky came to Cass County in August 1847 and broke into smaller groups to hunt down formerly enslaved people. They captured nine former slaves at Quaker farms, including the Shugart, Osborn, East, and Bogue properties. When it became known that slave catchers and owners had
185:
in
Detroit for the value of their freed slaves. The defendants were Commissioner Ebenezer Mcllvain, William Jones, and David T. Nicholson, as well as Quakers Zachariah Shugart, Joel East, Ishamel Lee, Steven Bogue, and Josiah, Jefferson, and Ellison Osborn.
50:
Cass County—particularly Calvin, Penn, and Porter townships—was settled by
Quakers from Ohio and Indiana and free blacks beginning in 1829. They became a network of people who provided freedom seekers with food, shelter, and transportation along the
59:, where slavery was illegal. Two Underground Railroad lines operated in Michigan. One was the Quaker line, which brought freedom seekers north from the Ohio River. Another was the northeasterly route, the Illinois line, from St. Louis.
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216:, an Underground Railroad stationmaster and state senator, helped enact Michigan's Personal Liberty Act of 1855 to prevent returning people to slavery. The growing tension between abolitionists and slaveholders led to the
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was passed by the
Congress, making it more dangerous to aid and harbor freedom seekers. Clay argued about the damage done to his fellow Kentuckians from the fallout of the raid of 1847, which helped him pass the bill.
109:
to transport enslaved men and women to Cass County, where some
Quakers provided shelter and transportation to freedom seeker's ultimate destination. Some settled in Michigan, others continued their travel to Canada.
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each of them upon his death. In 1849, through the provisions of his will, he provided them with land and equipment in Cass County, Michigan, and money to get established. They moved north as a group.
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and posted bond to get out of jail. The nine former slaves were held at a local tavern. Fourteen men from
Kentucky were arrested for trespass, assault and battery, and kidnapping.
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was enacted. Michigan's
Personal Liberty Act of 1855 was passed in the state legislature to prevent the capture of formerly enslaved people that would return them to slavery.
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This event may have been the reason that Sampson Sanders decided to send his manumitted slaves to Cass County. Sanders became the largest landholder in
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251:, produced by Sally Connor, tells the story of the freedom seekers, those how tried to help them, and the raid intended to return them to slavery.
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kidnapped nine people, a group formed of white and free black abolitionists to stop the Kentuckians. One crowd was more than 300 people.
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had delivered formerly enslaved people into Michigan at an increasing rate over the 1840s. In some cases, men traveled to
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Cass County was the starting point for the Central Michigan Route that had stops every 15 miles between Cass County and
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to capture black people and return them to slavery. After unsuccessful attempts, and a lost court case, the
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O'Dells Mill, located along Christiana Creek, was a stop on the Underground Railroad from the 1830s to the
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396:"Historical Marker - S637 - Erastus Hussey: Stationmaster / "Working for Humanity" (Marker ID#:S637)"
281:. A historic marker is located near the site of the mill along Milo Barnes Park and M-60 in Vandalia.
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Cass County Underground Railroad - Description of the Cass County "Kentucky Raid" (August 1847)
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484:"1847 Kentucky Raid: The Underground Railroad and Fugitive Slave Law in Cass County, Michigan"
63:
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Eby states that 45 people (9 captives + 36 others), traveled along the UGRR at this time.
144:
227:, and was a large slaveholder, with 51 enslaved men, women, and children. He decided to
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625:. Cassopolis, Michigan: W. H. Mansfield, Vigiland Book and Job Print. p. 129.
3681:
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)
641:
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Or up to 30 heavily armed men. It was the largest raid of its kind in Michigan.
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204:
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833:
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423:
207:, called for a stricter fugitive slave law, and with Clay's assistance, the
372:"Erastus Hussey: Stationmaster / 'Working for Humanity' Historical Marker"
6397:
4367:
4362:
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1078:
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Southern slaveholders, believed by historians to be friends of Senator
3616:
Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)
371:
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147:. Outnumbered and believing that they were in the right due to the
3631:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
3630:
483:
567:
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299:
Eby states that it was about $ 3,000 in court costs and damages.
7195:
List of films and television shows about the American Civil War
6740:
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5693:
4916:
4617:
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1653:
1082:
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2045:
Slave labor on United States military installations 1799–1863
1529:
Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Historical Park
30:
was conducted by slaveholders and slave catchers who raided
195:
costs. The Kentuckians did not receive any compensation.
890:
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
192:
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
335:"State Bar memorializing 1847 slave raid 'milestone'"
2015:
Slavery in the colonial history of the United States
684:
Slavery in the colonial history of the United States
170:
was also a conductor on the Underground Railroad in
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Slavery among Native Americans in the United States
240:"Crossroads to Freedom", a monument located at the
2030:Slave markets and slave jails in the United States
1546:Niagara Falls Underground Railroad Heritage Center
1557:The Railroad to Freedom: A Story of the Civil War
568:"1849-Sampson Sanders Frees all 51 of his Slaves"
18:Kentucky raid on Cass County Underground Railroad
6881:Confederate States presidential election of 1861
3666:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
2294:Movement to reopen the transatlantic slave trade
1305:British Methodist Episcopal Church, Salem Chapel
3711:Black players in professional American football
3661:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
2083:Slavery as a positive good in the United States
428:. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. p. 18.
181:In late 1849, slaveholders sued ten men in the
139:The group faced off with the slave catchers in
94:, and Detroit, where they crossed into Canada (
6705:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S.
1534:Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad State Park
4591:
2557:
2050:Slavery at American colleges and universities
1665:
1094:
657:
422:Heinecke, Rhoda L. [from old catalog (1961).
8:
3424:Historically black colleges and universities
2035:Kidnapping into slavery in the United States
1516:National Underground Railroad Freedom Center
2515:Family reunification ads after emancipation
512:Underground Railroad Society of Cass County
461:Underground Railroad Society of Cass County
451:
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151:, the Kentuckians agreed to stand trial in
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2228:Slavery and the United States Constitution
1987:
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1658:
1650:
1101:
1087:
1079:
818:
664:
650:
642:
3641:National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)
622:History of Cass county, from 1825 to 1875
403:Department of Natural Resources, Michigan
4794:Treatment of slaves in the United States
2318:Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution
1400:Ann Maria Jackson and her seven children
6537:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War
4709:South Carolina Declaration of Secession
2020:Indentured servitude in British America
312:
261:
6522:Modern display of the Confederate flag
4540:Topics related to the African diaspora
3646:National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)
1375:Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp
530:
478:
476:
358:
4719:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers
4520:Landmark African-American legislation
2460:Slavery during the American Civil War
2273:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
875:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
544:"Legislator Details - Erastus Hussey"
328:
326:
324:
322:
320:
318:
316:
7:
3651:National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)
6876:Committee on the Conduct of the War
6552:United Daughters of the Confederacy
4005:African-American Vernacular English
2465:End of slavery in the United States
922:Kentucky raid in Cass County (1847)
28:Kentucky raid in Cass County (1847)
6946:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864
6285:impeachment managers investigation
4664:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
3923:U.S. cities with large populations
3626:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
2343:John Quincy Adams and abolitionism
1551:Underground Railroad Bicycle Route
1342:The South Bend Fugitive Slave Case
1283:List of Underground Railroad sites
25:
6371:Reconstruction military districts
4819:Abolitionism in the United States
4774:Plantations in the American South
4689:Origins of the American Civil War
2796:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013
2792:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009
2599:African American founding fathers
2510:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
2455:Origins of the American Civil War
2162:African American founding fathers
2105:Education during the slave period
1589:Freedom: The Underground Railroad
1492:Songs of the Underground Railroad
1423:Abolitionism in the United States
249:Kentucky Raid 1847 of Cass County
7225:
7216:
7215:
6354:Enforcement Act of February 1871
6327:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867
4558:
3676:United Negro College Fund (UNCF)
2821:Nadir of American race relations
2258:History of slavery by U.S. state
2025:Slave trade in the United States
1498:The Underground Railroad Records
1264:
592:"'Kentucky Raid' film discussed"
348:– via Leader Publications.
7139:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864
7001:When Johnny Comes Marching Home
6562:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
2682:Civil rights movement 1954–1968
2672:Civil rights movement 1865–1896
1300:Underground Railroad in Indiana
6242:Southern Homestead Act of 1866
3671:Thurgood Marshall College Fund
2677:Civil right movement 1896–1954
2120:List of American slave traders
2000:Slavery among Native Americans
673:History of slavery in Michigan
1:
6657:Ladies' Memorial Associations
6359:Enforcement Act of April 1871
6255:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
3851:Cherokee freedmen controversy
2827:The Negro Motorist Green Book
2328:George Washington and slavery
2207:American Colonization Society
2202:African-American slave owners
1068:Michigan Anti-Slavery Society
96:Sandwich First Baptist Church
66:, Michigan. Stations were at
6790:Confederate revolving cannon
6532:Sons of Confederate Veterans
6403:South Carolina riots of 1876
6381:Indian Council at Fort Smith
6332:South Carolina riots of 1876
6297:Knights of the White Camelia
4789:Slavery in the United States
2333:Thomas Jefferson and slavery
2078:American proslavery movement
2040:Slave states and free states
1681:Slavery in the United States
1636:Slavery in the United States
1472:Reverse Underground Railroad
1336:Kentucky raid in Cass County
854:Personal Liberty Act of 1855
225:Cabell County, West Virginia
183:United States District Court
7144:New York City riots of 1863
6969:Battle Hymn of the Republic
6720:United Confederate Veterans
6557:Children of the Confederacy
6547:United Confederate Veterans
6542:Southern Historical Society
5174:Price's Missouri Expedition
4644:Timeline leading to the War
3721:Black players in ice hockey
3656:National Urban League (NUL)
3482:American Society of Muslims
2720:Selma to Montgomery marches
2640:Brown v. Board of Education
2358:Abraham Lincoln and slavery
955:Elizabeth Margaret Chandler
143:at O'Dell's Mill, owned by
7273:
7112:Confederate Secret Service
6700:Grand Army of the Republic
6592:Grand Army of the Republic
6410:Southern Claims Commission
3878:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
3636:Nashville Student Movement
2647:Children of the plantation
2432:Children of the plantation
2363:Andrew Johnson and slavery
2353:Zachary Taylor and slavery
2299:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
2268:Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
2233:American slave court cases
2197:Amerindian slave ownership
1633:
1438:African-American opponents
1321:Emeline and Samuel Hawkins
880:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
870:Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
619:Rogers, Howard S. (1875).
209:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
157:
149:Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
40:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
7211:
7100:Confederate States dollar
6911:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863
6906:Emancipation Proclamation
6800:Medal of Honor recipients
6753:
6736:
6688:Confederate Memorial Hall
6490:Confederate Memorial Hall
6463:Confederate History Month
6443:Civil War Discovery Trail
6344:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867
6150:Reconstruction Amendments
6136:
6125:
5702:
5689:
4941:
4912:
4759:Emancipation Proclamation
4624:
4613:
4548:
4515:Index of related articles
3696:
3516:Doctrine of Father Divine
2900:Women's suffrage movement
2853:Reconstruction Amendments
2660:Voting Rights Act of 1965
2485:Emancipation Proclamation
2410:Sexual relations and rape
2338:James Madison and slavery
1631:
1388:Oberlin–Wellington Rescue
1262:
927:Detroit race riot of 1863
885:Emancipation Proclamation
679:
7174:U.S. Sanitary Commission
7085:Battlefield preservation
6991:Marching Through Georgia
6916:Hampton Roads Conference
6891:Confiscation Act of 1862
6886:Confiscation Act of 1861
6662:U.S. national cemeteries
6468:Confederate Memorial Day
6453:Civil War Trails Program
6322:New Orleans riot of 1866
4565:United States portal
4000:African-American English
3429:Inventors and scientists
3121:George Washington Carver
2725:Chicago Freedom Movement
2470:Compensated emancipation
1621:The Underground Railroad
1027:Catharine A. F. Stebbins
849:Constitution of Michigan
829:Raudot Ordinance of 1709
508:"UGRR Site Driving Tour"
333:Eby, John (2005-06-17).
190:, who later drafted the
107:Bourbon County, Kentucky
7095:Confederate war finance
6715:Southern Cross of Honor
6683:1938 Gettysburg reunion
6678:1913 Gettysburg reunion
6376:Reconstruction Treaties
6349:Enforcement Act of 1870
6232:Freedman's Savings Bank
4849:Lane Debates on Slavery
4674:Lincoln–Douglas debates
4488:African-American firsts
3537:Back-to-Africa movement
3506:Black Hebrew Israelites
3286:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
2834:Partus sequitur ventrem
2305:Partus sequitur ventrem
2248:Three-fifths Compromise
1522:Harriet Tubman Memorial
967:Elizabeth Rous Comstock
7154:Richmond riots of 1863
7080:Baltimore riot of 1861
6860:U.S. Military Railroad
6780:Confederate Home Guard
6512:Historiographic issues
6478:Historical reenactment
4977:Revenue Cutter Service
4844:William Lloyd Garrison
4753:Dred Scott v. Sandford
4456:Spingarn Medal winners
3945:States and territories
3716:Black NFL quarterbacks
3216:Martin Luther King Jr.
2748:Dred Scott v. Sandford
2687:Montgomery bus boycott
2380:Supreme Court Justices
2348:John Tyler and slavery
2323:Presidents and slavery
2312:Dred Scott v. Sandford
242:Cass County Courthouse
7252:Cass County, Michigan
7119:Great Revival of 1863
6996:Maryland, My Maryland
6785:Confederate railroads
6448:Civil War Roundtables
6317:Meridian riot of 1871
6312:Memphis riots of 1866
4869:George Luther Stearns
4854:Elijah Parish Lovejoy
4747:Crittenden Compromise
3766:Athletic associations
3701:Negro league baseball
3472:African-American Jews
3191:Ketanji Brown Jackson
3156:Henry Highland Garnet
3015:Negro National Anthem
2765:George Floyd protests
2730:Post–civil rights era
2253:Slave and free states
2243:Fugitive Slave Clause
2157:List of abolitionists
2010:Slavery in New France
1581:The Quest for Freedom
1246:Charles Turner Torrey
1241:Harriet Beecher Stowe
1206:Harriet Forten Purvis
997:Daniel McBride Graham
36:Cass County, Michigan
7257:Underground Railroad
7006:Daar kom die Alibama
6921:National Union Party
6597:memorials to Lincoln
6517:Lost Cause mythology
6222:Eufaula riot of 1874
6210:Confederate refugees
5423:District of Columbia
5050:Union naval blockade
4896:Underground Railroad
4684:Nullification crisis
3973:Afro-Seminole Creole
3499:Azusa Street Revival
3371:Booker T. Washington
2895:Underground Railroad
2760:Free people of color
2614:Atlantic slave trade
2279:Gag rule (1836–1840)
2140:Underground Railroad
2115:Domestic slave trade
2100:Mandatory illiteracy
2005:Slavery in New Spain
1956:District of Columbia
1565:A Woman Called Moses
1433:opponents of slavery
1406:Thirteenth Amendment
1368:Joshua Glover rescue
1181:Laura Smith Haviland
1110:Underground Railroad
1003:Laura Smith Haviland
780:Augustus B. Woodward
457:"1847 Kentucky Raid"
188:Jacob Merritt Howard
112:William Holman Jones
103:Underground Railroad
53:Underground Railroad
32:Underground Railroad
7164:Supreme Court cases
6931:Radical Republicans
6710:Old soldiers' homes
6694:Confederate Veteran
6620:artworks in Capitol
6339:Reconstruction acts
6200:Colfax riot of 1873
5164:Richmond-Petersburg
4769:Fugitive slave laws
4699:Popular sovereignty
4679:Missouri Compromise
4669:Kansas-Nebraska Act
4368:Trinidad and Tobago
3983:Black American Sign
3810:By African descent
3804:Ethnic subdivisions
3791:Southwestern (SWAC)
3706:Baseball color line
3621:Black Panther Party
3525:Political movements
3442:in computer science
3101:Carol Moseley Braun
2890:Tulsa race massacre
2883:Treatment of slaves
2715:March on Washington
2710:Birmingham movement
2500:Radical Republicans
2447:Civil War and after
2375:Members of Congress
2192:List of plantations
1975:U.S. Virgin Islands
1573:Roots of Resistance
1455:Fugitive slave laws
1201:William Cooper Nell
979:Robert S. Duncanson
839:Northwest Ordinance
796:Straits of Mackinac
689:History of Michigan
339:Dowagiac Daily News
6985:A Lincoln Portrait
6926:Politicians killed
6850:U.S. Balloon Corps
6845:Union corps badges
6625:memorials to Davis
6495:Disenfranchisement
6366:Reconstruction era
6247:Timber Culture Act
6205:Compromise of 1877
5169:Franklin–Nashville
4839:Frederick Douglass
4742:Cornerstone Speech
4659:Compromise of 1850
4607:American Civil War
4466:US representatives
4461:US cabinet members
4353:Dominican Republic
3940:Metropolitan areas
3781:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
3606:Civic and economic
3584:Self-determination
3405:Education, science
3326:Fred Shuttlesworth
3306:A. Philip Randolph
3211:Coretta Scott King
3136:Frederick Douglass
2963:Harlem Renaissance
2868:Separate but equal
2858:Reconstruction era
2846:Plessy v. Ferguson
2737:Cornerstone Speech
2651:Civil Rights Acts
2634:Black Lives Matter
2609:American Civil War
2495:Reconstruction era
1576:(1989 documentary)
1236:Calvin Ellis Stowe
1156:Frederick Douglass
1151:Richard Dillingham
961:Zachariah Chandler
722:Thornton Blackburn
596:South Bend Tribune
7239:
7238:
7207:
7206:
7203:
7202:
7037:Italian Americans
7022:African Americans
6979:John Brown's Body
6732:
6731:
6728:
6727:
6645:
6644:
6483:Robert E. Lee Day
6227:Freedmen's Bureau
6190:Brooks–Baxter War
6121:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6113:
6112:
5905:
5904:
5685:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5094:Northern Virginia
5040:Trans-Mississippi
5013:
5012:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4800:Uncle Tom's Cabin
4737:African Americans
4573:
4572:
4401:African Americans
4273:Dallas–Fort Worth
3868:Black Southerners
3799:
3798:
3251:Thurgood Marshall
3221:Bernard Lafayette
2816:Million Man March
2573:African Americans
2539:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2505:Freedmen's Bureau
1647:
1646:
1640:Slavery in Canada
1624:(2021 miniseries)
1592:(2013 board game)
1568:(1978 miniseries)
1361:Uncle Tom's Cabin
1076:
1075:
991:Charles T. Gorham
973:George DeBaptiste
916:Crosswhite Affair
898:
897:
789:Primary locations
16:(Redirected from
7264:
7229:
7219:
7218:
7042:Native Americans
7027:German Americans
6820:Partisan rangers
6815:Official Records
6755:
6738:
6630:memorials to Lee
6577:
6138:
6127:
5914:
5711:
5704:
5691:
5664:Washington, D.C.
5458:Indian Territory
5418:Dakota Territory
5376:
5293:Chancellorsville
5084:Jackson's Valley
5074:Blockade runners
4950:
4943:
4914:
4874:Thaddeus Stevens
4864:Lysander Spooner
4824:Susan B. Anthony
4626:
4615:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4577:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4525:Lynching victims
4024:Louisiana Creole
3995:American English
3883:Louisiana Creole
3856:Choctaw freedmen
3694:
3231:Huddie Ledbetter
3171:Fannie Lou Hamer
3141:W. E. B. Du Bois
3131:Claudette Colvin
3126:Shirley Chisholm
2943:Family structure
2811:Military history
2693:Browder v. Gayle
2566:
2559:
2552:
2543:
2221:Law and politics
2145:Freedmen's towns
2125:Runaway slave ad
1988:
1950:Federal district
1674:
1667:
1660:
1651:
1608:(2016 TV series)
1268:
1126:William Brinkley
1103:
1096:
1089:
1080:
1061:Related articles
985:Charles C. Foote
819:
774:John R. Williams
666:
659:
652:
643:
626:
606:
605:
603:
602:
588:
582:
581:
579:
578:
564:
558:
557:
555:
554:
548:mdoe.state.mi.us
540:
534:
528:
522:
521:
519:
518:
504:
498:
497:
495:
494:
480:
471:
470:
468:
467:
453:
430:
429:
419:
413:
412:
410:
409:
400:
392:
386:
385:
383:
382:
368:
362:
356:
350:
349:
347:
346:
330:
300:
297:
291:
288:
282:
275:
269:
266:
247:The documentary
21:
7272:
7271:
7267:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7262:
7261:
7242:
7241:
7240:
7235:
7199:
7183:
7068:
7032:Irish Americans
7010:
6955:
6864:
6855:U.S. Home Guard
6795:Field artillery
6749:
6748:
6724:
6666:
6641:
6603:
6572:
6566:
6458:Civil War Trust
6425:
6419:
6307:Ethnic violence
6292:Kirk–Holden war
6171:
6132:
6109:
6043:
5901:
5845:
5698:
5673:
5627:
5380:
5367:
5198:
5179:Sherman's March
5159:Bermuda Hundred
5054:
5009:
4981:
4937:
4936:
4900:
4859:J. Sella Martin
4829:James G. Birney
4805:
4723:
4649:Bleeding Kansas
4637:
4620:
4609:
4604:
4574:
4569:
4559:
4557:
4544:
4510:Historic places
4503:US state firsts
4389:
4304:
4028:
3961:
3933:2010 majorities
3928:2000 majorities
3899:
3846:Black Seminoles
3795:
3786:Southern (SIAC)
3769:
3768:and conferences
3767:
3760:
3756:Serena Williams
3751:Jackie Robinson
3685:
3609:
3607:
3600:
3520:
3487:Nation of Islam
3458:
3406:
3400:
3341:Sojourner Truth
3331:Clarence Thomas
3296:Gabriel Prosser
3196:Michael Jackson
3071:Crispus Attucks
3061:Ralph Abernathy
3049:
3005:Musical theater
2904:
2770:Great Migration
2742:COVID-19 impact
2700:Sit-in movement
2575:
2570:
2540:
2531:
2520:Freedmen's town
2441:
2420:Slave marriages
2393:and procreation
2392:
2390:
2384:
2370:Vice presidents
2284:Nullifier Party
2263:Fugitive slaves
2216:
2212:Slave narrative
2150:Black Canadians
2070:
2064:
1979:
1958:
1944:
1683:
1678:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1627:
1504:
1450:Fugitive slaves
1411:
1348:Christiana Riot
1309:
1269:
1260:
1161:Calvin Fairbank
1112:
1107:
1077:
1072:
1056:
1051:Jonathan Walker
1039:Sojourner Truth
1015:William Lambert
931:
910:Blackburn Riots
894:
858:
810:
801:Mackinac Island
784:
739:
728:Lisette Denison
716:Lucie Blackburn
703:Enslaved people
698:
675:
670:
633:
618:
615:
610:
609:
600:
598:
590:
589:
585:
576:
574:
566:
565:
561:
552:
550:
542:
541:
537:
529:
525:
516:
514:
506:
505:
501:
492:
490:
482:
481:
474:
465:
463:
455:
454:
433:
421:
420:
416:
407:
405:
398:
394:
393:
389:
380:
378:
370:
369:
365:
357:
353:
344:
342:
332:
331:
314:
309:
304:
303:
298:
294:
289:
285:
276:
272:
267:
263:
258:
237:
201:
176:sites in Canada
167:
162:
160:Adam Crosswhite
133:
116:Calvin Township
57:sites in Canada
48:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7270:
7268:
7260:
7259:
7254:
7244:
7243:
7237:
7236:
7234:
7233:
7223:
7212:
7209:
7208:
7205:
7204:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7191:
7189:
7185:
7184:
7182:
7181:
7179:Women soldiers
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7134:Naming the war
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7115:
7114:
7104:
7103:
7102:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7076:
7074:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7066:
7065:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7018:
7016:
7012:
7011:
7009:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6965:
6963:
6957:
6956:
6954:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6872:
6870:
6866:
6865:
6863:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6770:Campaign Medal
6767:
6761:
6759:
6751:
6750:
6747:
6746:
6745:Related topics
6742:
6741:
6734:
6733:
6730:
6729:
6726:
6725:
6723:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6674:
6672:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6664:
6659:
6653:
6651:
6647:
6646:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6634:
6633:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6611:
6609:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6594:
6583:
6581:
6574:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6492:
6487:
6486:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6473:Decoration Day
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6429:
6427:
6426:Reconstruction
6421:
6420:
6418:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6406:
6405:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6384:
6383:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6362:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6336:
6335:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6288:
6287:
6282:
6280:second inquiry
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6244:
6237:Homestead Acts
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6218:
6217:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6185:Alabama Claims
6181:
6179:
6177:Reconstruction
6173:
6172:
6170:
6169:
6168:
6167:
6165:15th Amendment
6162:
6160:14th Amendment
6157:
6155:13th Amendment
6146:
6144:
6134:
6133:
6130:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6051:
6049:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5920:
5918:
5911:
5907:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5853:
5851:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5786:J. E. Johnston
5783:
5781:A. S. Johnston
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5721:R. H. Anderson
5717:
5715:
5708:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5687:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5583:South Carolina
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5558:North Carolina
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5384:
5382:
5373:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5283:Fredericksburg
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5223:Wilson's Creek
5220:
5215:
5209:
5207:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5065:
5063:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5035:Lower Seaboard
5032:
5027:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4991:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4958:
4956:
4947:
4939:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4910:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4891:Harriet Tubman
4888:
4887:
4886:
4879:Charles Sumner
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4815:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4733:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4714:States' rights
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4629:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4580:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4555:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4476:Visual artists
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4436:Mathematicians
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4314:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4260:
4255:
4253:South Carolina
4250:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4223:North Carolina
4220:
4219:
4218:
4208:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4191:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4168:Massachusetts
4166:
4165:
4164:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4137:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4120:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4103:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4069:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4047:
4042:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4010:social context
4007:
3997:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3861:Creek Freedmen
3858:
3853:
3848:
3838:
3836:Alabama Creole
3833:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3776:Central (CIAA)
3772:
3770:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3569:Pan-Africanism
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3539:
3534:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3511:Black theology
3508:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3474:
3468:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3452:in STEM fields
3449:
3444:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3407:and technology
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3346:Harriet Tubman
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3276:Michelle Obama
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3206:Barbara Jordan
3203:
3201:Harriet Jacobs
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3091:Amelia Boynton
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3054:Notable people
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2990:LGBT community
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2842:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2705:Freedom Riders
2702:
2697:
2689:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2649:
2644:
2636:
2631:
2629:Black genocide
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2480:Colored Troops
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2422:
2417:
2415:Slave breeding
2412:
2407:
2405:Female slavery
2402:
2400:Sexual slavery
2396:
2394:
2391:sexual slavery
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2320:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2110:Slave quarters
2107:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2071:social history
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1890:South Carolina
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1855:North Carolina
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1617:
1609:
1601:
1597:The North Star
1593:
1585:
1577:
1569:
1561:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1539:visitor center
1531:
1526:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1371:
1365:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1251:Harriet Tubman
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1221:Hetty Reckless
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1176:Frances Harper
1173:
1171:Thomas Garrett
1168:
1166:Isaac S. Flint
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1009:Erastus Hussey
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
975:(c. 1815–1875)
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
939:
937:
933:
932:
930:
929:
924:
919:
913:
906:
904:
900:
899:
896:
895:
893:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
866:
864:
860:
859:
857:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
825:
823:
816:
812:
811:
809:
808:
803:
798:
792:
790:
786:
785:
783:
782:
777:
771:
770:(c. 1751–1796)
768:William Macomb
765:
760:
754:
747:
745:
741:
740:
738:
737:
731:
730:(c. 1786–1866)
725:
719:
713:
706:
704:
700:
699:
697:
696:
691:
686:
680:
677:
676:
671:
669:
668:
661:
654:
646:
640:
639:
632:
631:External links
629:
628:
627:
614:
611:
608:
607:
583:
559:
535:
533:, p. 129.
523:
499:
472:
431:
414:
387:
363:
361:, p. 131.
351:
311:
310:
308:
305:
302:
301:
292:
283:
270:
260:
259:
257:
254:
253:
252:
245:
236:
233:
214:Erastus Hussey
200:
197:
166:
163:
132:
129:
47:
44:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7269:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7232:
7228:
7224:
7222:
7214:
7213:
7210:
7196:
7193:
7192:
7190:
7186:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7149:Photographers
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7124:Gender issues
7122:
7120:
7117:
7113:
7110:
7109:
7108:
7105:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7077:
7075:
7071:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7044:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7019:
7017:
7013:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6986:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6966:
6964:
6962:
6958:
6952:
6951:War Democrats
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6941:Union Leagues
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6867:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6840:Turning point
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6810:Naval battles
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6756:
6752:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6695:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6669:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6648:
6638:
6635:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6616:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6606:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6578:
6575:
6573:and memorials
6569:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6497:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6434:
6433:Commemoration
6431:
6430:
6428:
6422:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6382:
6379:
6378:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6341:
6340:
6337:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6275:first inquiry
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6195:Carpetbaggers
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6178:
6174:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6128:
6124:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6046:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5915:
5912:
5908:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5848:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5712:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5692:
5688:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5618:West Virginia
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5538:New Hampshire
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5498:Massachusetts
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5238:Hampton Roads
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5228:Fort Donelson
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5201:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5124:Morgan's Raid
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5069:Anaconda Plan
5067:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5057:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5045:Pacific Coast
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4779:Positive good
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4694:Panic of 1857
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4654:Border states
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4623:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4601:
4596:
4594:
4589:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4566:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4535:Neighborhoods
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4498:Sports firsts
4496:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4300:West Virginia
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4237:Pennsylvania
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4217:
4216:New York City
4214:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4060:San Francisco
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:By state/city
4031:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3978:American Sign
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3911:Neighborhoods
3909:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3841:Black Indians
3839:
3837:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3763:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3419:Black schools
3417:
3415:
3414:Black studies
3412:
3411:
3409:
3403:
3397:
3396:Whitney Young
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3386:Oprah Winfrey
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3356:Denmark Vesey
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3301:Joseph Rainey
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3256:Toni Morrison
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:Joseph Lowery
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3186:Jesse Jackson
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:Kamala Harris
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3161:Marcus Garvey
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3111:Blanche Bruce
3109:
3107:
3106:Edward Brooke
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:James Bradley
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3076:James Baldwin
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3020:Neighborhoods
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2873:Silent Parade
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2801:Jim Crow laws
2799:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2624:Black cowboys
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2562:
2560:
2555:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2437:Shadow family
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
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120:Wright Modlin
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19:
7090:Bibliography
7073:Other topics
7015:By ethnicity
6983:
6936:Trent Affair
6835:Signal Corps
6692:
6415:White League
6302:Ku Klux Klan
6215:Confederados
6142:Constitution
6014:D. D. Porter
5867:Breckinridge
5578:Rhode Island
5573:Pennsylvania
5328:Spotsylvania
5288:Stones River
5268:2nd Bull Run
5218:1st Bull Run
5104:Stones River
5005:Marine Corps
4972:Marine Corps
4811:Abolitionism
4798:
4751:
4451:Sportspeople
4421:Billionaires
4338:Sierra Leone
4241:Philadelphia
4077:Jacksonville
3904:Demographics
3736:Jack Johnson
3726:Muhammad Ali
3559:Conservatism
3494:Black church
3391:Andrew Young
3376:Ida B. Wells
3366:David Walker
3361:C. T. Vivian
3316:Paul Robeson
3311:Hiram Revels
3291:Colin Powell
3271:Barack Obama
3226:James Lawson
3181:Jimi Hendrix
3151:James Farmer
3146:Medgar Evers
3116:Ralph Bunche
3066:Maya Angelou
3040:Middle class
2918:Afrofuturism
2844:
2832:
2825:
2746:
2691:
2638:
2604:Afrocentrism
2594:Abolitionism
2424:
2310:
2303:
2172:Field slaves
2135:Abolitionism
2069:Cultural and
2060:Bibliography
1895:South Dakota
1885:Rhode Island
1880:Pennsylvania
1860:North Dakota
1619:
1611:
1603:
1595:
1587:
1579:
1571:
1563:
1555:
1521:
1497:
1443:publications
1428:Abolitionism
1394:Tilly Escape
1373:
1359:
1354:Jerry Rescue
1335:
1327:
1226:Gerrit Smith
1186:David Hudson
1045:Uriah Upjohn
921:
863:Federal laws
757:Elijah Brush
744:Slave owners
621:
613:Bibliography
599:. Retrieved
595:
586:
575:. Retrieved
571:
562:
551:. Retrieved
547:
538:
526:
515:. Retrieved
511:
502:
491:. Retrieved
487:
464:. Retrieved
460:
424:
417:
406:. Retrieved
402:
390:
379:. Retrieved
376:www.hmdb.org
375:
366:
354:
343:. Retrieved
341:. Cassopolis
338:
295:
286:
273:
264:
248:
222:
202:
180:
168:
145:James O'Dell
138:
134:
100:
72:Battle Creek
61:
49:
34:stations in
27:
26:
6896:Copperheads
6608:Confederate
6500:Black Codes
5826:E. K. Smith
5707:Confederate
5654:New Orleans
5649:Chattanooga
5513:Mississippi
5413:Connecticut
5381:territories
5372:Involvement
5333:Cold Harbor
5323:Fort Pillow
5313:Chattanooga
5308:Chickamauga
5258:Seven Pines
5248:New Orleans
5213:Fort Sumter
5154:Valley 1864
4987:Confederacy
4784:Slave Power
4764:Fire-Eaters
4471:US senators
4441:Republicans
4426:Journalists
4283:San Antonio
4248:Puerto Rico
4189:Mississippi
4082:Tallahassee
4055:Los Angeles
3746:Jesse Owens
3731:Arthur Ashe
3589:Nationalism
3579:Raised fist
3542:Black power
3447:in medicine
3381:Roy Wilkins
3336:Emmett Till
3321:Al Sharpton
3086:Julian Bond
3081:James Bevel
3045:Upper class
3035:Stereotypes
2928:Black mecca
2840:Plantations
2619:Black Codes
2289:Fire-Eaters
2182:Task system
2177:Gang system
2167:Plantations
1970:Puerto Rico
1963:Territories
1810:Mississippi
1725:Connecticut
1616:(2019 film)
1605:Underground
1600:(2016 film)
1584:(1992 film)
1560:(1932 book)
1501:(1872 book)
1480:lawn jockey
1382:Dover Eight
1378:(1856 book)
1364:(1852 book)
1216:John Rankin
1196:Peg Leg Joe
1146:Levi Coffin
1053:(1799–1878)
1047:(1808-1896)
1041:(died 1883)
1035:(1816-1894)
1029:(1823-1904)
1023:(1797–1866)
1017:(1817–1890)
1011:(1800–1889)
1005:(1808–1898)
999:(1817–1888)
993:(1812–1901)
987:(1811–1891)
981:(1821–1872)
969:(1815-1891)
963:(1813–1879)
957:(1807–1834)
951:(1815–1854)
945:(1803–1847)
943:Guy Beckley
776:(1782–1854)
759:(1773–1813)
753:(1739–1815)
736:(died 1777)
724:(1812–1890)
718:(1803-1895)
712:(fl. 1760s)
531:Rogers 1875
359:Rogers 1875
7246:Categories
7129:Juneteenth
6650:Cemeteries
6527:Red Shirts
6438:Centennial
6388:Red Shirts
5796:Longstreet
5726:Beauregard
5669:Winchester
5644:Charleston
5613:Washington
5548:New Mexico
5543:New Jersey
5403:California
5379:States and
5363:Five Forks
5348:Mobile Bay
5318:Wilderness
5298:Gettysburg
5278:Perryville
5263:Seven Days
5194:Appomattox
5119:Gettysburg
5079:New Mexico
4946:Combatants
4921:Combatants
4834:John Brown
4416:Astronauts
4206:New Jersey
4050:California
3554:Capitalism
3351:Nat Turner
3281:Rosa Parks
3266:Diane Nash
3236:John Lewis
3025:Newspapers
2995:Literature
2980:Juneteenth
2933:Businesses
2787:Exodusters
2755:Free Negro
2490:Juneteenth
2475:Contraband
1925:Washington
1845:New Mexico
1840:New Jersey
1715:California
1634:See also:
1136:Owen Brown
1131:John Brown
949:Henry Bibb
844:Jay Treaty
822:State laws
751:John Askin
601:2022-02-27
577:2022-02-28
553:2022-02-27
517:2022-02-28
493:2022-02-27
466:2022-02-27
408:2022-02-27
381:2022-02-27
345:2022-02-27
307:References
205:Henry Clay
158:See also:
153:Cassopolis
84:Grass Lake
46:Background
7107:Espionage
6901:Diplomacy
6869:Political
6825:POW camps
6571:Monuments
6398:Scalawags
6393:Redeemers
6131:Aftermath
6080:Pinkerton
6019:Rosecrans
5984:McClellan
5887:Memminger
5623:Wisconsin
5588:Tennessee
5508:Minnesota
5483:Louisiana
5358:Nashville
5303:Vicksburg
5233:Pea Ridge
5184:Carolinas
5139:Red River
5134:Knoxville
5114:Tullahoma
5109:Vicksburg
5089:Peninsula
5061:campaigns
4927:Campaigns
4704:Secession
4530:Monuments
4406:Activists
4258:Tennessee
4178:Michigan
4162:Baltimore
4152:Louisiana
4145:Lexington
4128:Davenport
4067:Cleveland
3966:Languages
3895:Melungeon
3873:Blaxicans
3741:Joe Louis
3596:Socialism
3532:Anarchism
3261:Bob Moses
3246:Malcolm X
3166:Fred Gray
3030:Soul food
2968:New Negro
2953:Folktales
2863:Redlining
2389:Marriage,
2088:Treatment
1935:Wisconsin
1900:Tennessee
1805:Minnesota
1780:Louisiana
834:Code Noir
734:Ann Wyley
279:Civil War
218:Civil War
88:Ann Arbor
7221:Category
7062:Seminole
7052:Cherokee
6805:Medicine
6758:Military
6671:Veterans
6505:Jim Crow
6270:timeline
6065:Ericsson
6048:Civilian
6029:Sheridan
5989:McDowell
5949:Farragut
5934:Burnside
5924:Anderson
5917:Military
5897:Stephens
5857:Benjamin
5850:Civilian
5736:Buchanan
5714:Military
5659:Richmond
5608:Virginia
5553:New York
5528:Nebraska
5518:Missouri
5503:Michigan
5493:Maryland
5478:Kentucky
5453:Illinois
5428:Delaware
5408:Colorado
5393:Arkansas
5353:Franklin
5273:Antietam
5144:Overland
5099:Maryland
5018:Theaters
4924:Theaters
4553:Category
4344:America
4310:Diaspora
4295:Virginia
4228:Oklahoma
4211:New York
4194:Nebraska
4157:Maryland
4140:Kentucky
4106:Illinois
4045:Arkansas
3950:Illinois
3888:of color
3574:Populism
3547:Movement
3464:Religion
2806:Lynching
2589:Timeline
2055:Glossary
1920:Virginia
1870:Oklahoma
1850:New York
1825:Nebraska
1815:Missouri
1800:Michigan
1790:Maryland
1775:Kentucky
1755:Illinois
1730:Delaware
1720:Colorado
1710:Arkansas
1524:(Boston)
1476:Signals
1330:incident
1293:churches
425:Michigan
141:Vandalia
92:Plymouth
76:Marshall
7188:Related
7057:Choctaw
7047:Catawba
6830:Rations
6775:Cavalry
6637:Removal
6265:efforts
6249:of 1873
6095:Stevens
6090:Stanton
6075:Lincoln
6034:Sherman
5969:Halleck
5959:Frémont
5944:Du Pont
5882:Mallory
5841:Wheeler
5776:Jackson
5756:Forrest
5696:Leaders
5639:Atlanta
5603:Vermont
5523:Montana
5463:Indiana
5438:Georgia
5433:Florida
5398:Arizona
5388:Alabama
5338:Atlanta
5253:Corinth
5205:battles
5149:Atlanta
5129:Bristoe
5030:Western
5025:Eastern
4930:Battles
4729:Slavery
4633:Origins
4619:Origins
4481:Writers
4446:Singers
4431:Jurists
4379:Europe
4333:Liberia
4278:Houston
4182:Detroit
4118:Indiana
4111:Chicago
4094:Atlanta
4089:Georgia
4072:Florida
4040:Alabama
3990:English
3564:Leftism
3434:Museums
2985:Kwanzaa
2910:Culture
2878:Slavery
2581:History
2426:Plaçage
1992:History
1940:Wyoming
1915:Vermont
1820:Montana
1760:Indiana
1740:Georgia
1735:Florida
1705:Arizona
1695:Alabama
1613:Harriet
1509:Related
918:of 1847
912:of 1833
806:Detroit
710:Monette
229:manumit
64:Detroit
7231:Portal
7169:Tokens
6105:Welles
6085:Seward
6070:Hamlin
6039:Thomas
5974:Hooker
5939:Butler
5892:Seddon
5877:Hunter
5862:Bocock
5836:Taylor
5831:Stuart
5821:Semmes
5801:Morgan
5761:Gorgas
5741:Cooper
5632:Cities
5568:Oregon
5533:Nevada
5473:Kansas
5443:Hawaii
5343:Crater
5243:Shiloh
5203:Major
5189:Mobile
5059:Major
4933:States
4884:Caning
4493:Mayors
4411:Actors
4383:France
4375:Israel
4363:Mexico
4348:Canada
4323:Gambia
4318:Africa
4268:Austin
4233:Oregon
4172:Boston
4135:Kansas
4101:Hawaii
4019:Gullah
3829:Yoruba
3819:Gullah
3690:Sports
3608:groups
3438:Women
2975:Hoodoo
2849:(1896)
2775:Second
2751:(1857)
2696:(1956)
2643:(1954)
2275:(1808)
2093:Health
1984:Topics
1875:Oregon
1830:Nevada
1770:Kansas
1745:Hawaii
1700:Alaska
1688:States
1467:Quilts
1416:Topics
1408:(1865)
1402:(1859)
1396:(1856)
1390:(1858)
1384:(1857)
1370:(1854)
1356:(1851)
1350:(1851)
1344:(1849)
1338:(1847)
1332:(1848)
1314:Events
1288:houses
1275:Places
1118:People
903:Events
235:Legacy
165:Trials
127:raid.
80:Albion
68:Climax
6974:Dixie
6961:Music
6580:Union
6424:Post-
6260:trial
6060:Chase
6055:Adams
6024:Scott
5999:Meigs
5994:Meade
5964:Grant
5954:Foote
5929:Buell
5910:Union
5872:Davis
5816:Price
5806:Mosby
5751:Ewell
5746:Early
5731:Bragg
5593:Texas
5488:Maine
5448:Idaho
4954:Union
4394:Lists
4358:Haiti
4328:Ghana
4263:Texas
4199:Omaha
3477:Islam
3010:Names
3000:Music
2938:Dance
1905:Texas
1785:Maine
1750:Idaho
1328:Pearl
399:(PDF)
256:Notes
172:Niles
7159:Salt
6765:Arms
6615:List
6587:List
6100:Wade
6009:Pope
5979:Hunt
5811:Polk
5771:Hood
5766:Hill
5598:Utah
5563:Ohio
5468:Iowa
5000:Navy
4995:Army
4967:Navy
4962:Army
4290:Utah
4123:Iowa
3955:Ohio
3916:list
3824:Igbo
3814:Fula
2958:Hair
2948:Film
2665:1968
2655:1964
2525:list
1910:Utah
1865:Ohio
1765:Iowa
1638:and
1460:1850
815:Laws
572:Clio
488:Clio
131:Raid
118:and
101:The
6004:Ord
5791:Lee
2923:Art
2780:New
122:of
114:of
98:).
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