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1121:, and goats devastated the forests and seabirds. Overgrazing by goats eliminated the forests of Macauley Island, leaving open grasslands, and altered the understory of Raoul Island. Predation by rats and cats reduced the seabird colonies on the main islands from millions of birds to tens of thousands. The New Zealand government has been working for the last few decades to restore the islands. New Zealand declared the islands a
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the islands for the United
Kingdom. European settlers have lived on the island for varying lengths of time, from the early nineteenth century until 1937, growing food for the whalers. The Thomas Bell family settled on the island from 1878 to 1914. One of the Bell daughters, Bessie Dyke, recounted the
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Visits to the islands are restricted by the
Department of Conservation. The department allows visits to Raoul by volunteers assisting in environmental restoration or monitoring projects, and other visitors engaged in nature study. Visits to the other islands are generally restricted to those engaged
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Goats were removed from
Macauley in 1970 and from Raoul in 1984, and the forests have begun to recover. The islands are still known for their bird life, and seabird colonies presently inhabit offshore islets, which are safe from introduced rats and cats. Efforts are currently underway to remove the
603:, the southernmost island of Tonga, and 1,100 km (680 mi) north-northeast of New Zealand. Raoul Island has an area of 29.38 km (11.34 sq mi) with numerous smaller satellite islands; its highest point, Moumoukai peak, is 516 m (1,693 ft) high
1190:. The multi-disciplinary team investigated the biodiversity of organisms living on the ocean floor and at midwater. The marine mammal populations were examined to determine what animal and plant species are shared between mainland New Zealand and the Kermadec region.
163:
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officers and volunteers, that has been maintained since 1937. It lies on the northern terraces of Raoul Island, at an elevation of about 50 m (160 ft), above the cliffs of
Fleetwood Bluff. It is the northernmost inhabited outpost of New Zealand.
576:, with a mean monthly temperature of 22.4 °C (72.3 °F) in February and 16.0 °C (60.8 °F) in August. Rainfall is approximately 1,500 mm (60 in) annually, with lower rainfall from October to January.
2041:
McLay, Colin. "New crabs from hydrothermal vents of the
Kermadec Ridge submarine volcanoes, New Zealand: Gandalfus gen. nov.(Bythograeidae) and Xenograpsus (Varunidae)(Decapoda: Brachyura)." Zootaxa 1524 (2007):
636:, formerly French Rock, is 80 km (50 mi) south-southwest of Curtis Island. It is 250 m (820 ft) in diameter, 0.05 km (0.019 sq mi) in area, and 70 m (230 ft) high.
1056:. Three new records of tropical reef fishes were recorded from the Kermadec Islands Marine Reserve in 2015 after researchers examined hundreds of hours of unused documentary film footage, and in 2016, a red
620:, the third largest, lies 35 km (22 mi) south-southwest of Macauley Island. It reaches a height of 137 m (449 ft) and has an area of 0.59 km (0.23 sq mi) with neighbouring
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people "stopped off" on the
Kermadec islands in around the 14th century (and perhaps previously in the 10th century). However the first Europeans to reach the area – arriving on board the
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The four main islands are the peaks of volcanoes that rise high enough from the seabed to project above sea level. There are several other volcanoes in the chain that do not reach sea level, but form
848:, along with mosses (52 native species), lichens and fungi (89 native species). Most of the plant species are derived from New Zealand, with others having travelled over the Pacific. 152 human-
2021:
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609:, the second largest, is located 110 km (68 mi) south-southwest of Raoul Island. Together with neighbouring Haszard Island, its area is 3.06 km (1.18 sq mi).
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Party has led to the
Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary Bill not passing its second reading as of 2019. In late March 2024, the Government halted work on the Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary Bill.
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devices it was developing. Various islands in the South
Pacific and Southern Oceans were considered, along with Antarctica. In May 1955, the Minister for Defence,
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vessels cruised offshore in the 19th century and often visited the islands in search of water, wood and food. The first such vessel on record was the whaler
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1971:
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The islands were annexed to New
Zealand in 1887 according to one source. However the Encyclopaedia of New Zealand states the annexation happened in 1886.
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in 1990. The marine reserve surrounds each of the islands and is one of New
Zealand's largest at a total area of 7,480 km (2,890 sq mi).
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340:. The islands are part of New Zealand. They are 33.6 km (13.0 sq mi) in total area and uninhabited, except for the permanently staffed
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The islands lie within 29° to 31.5° south latitude and 178° to 179° west longitude, 800–1,000 km (500–620 mi) northeast of New Zealand's
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724:, with a depth of 120 m over its peak, is midway between Raoul Island and Tonga. 100 km south of L'Esperance Rock is the little-explored
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1698:
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536:, on advice from the Admiralty report, concluded that the Kermadec Islands would be suitable. As the island group was part of New Zealand,
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indicate Kermadec Islands functioning as migratory corridors, and varieties of baleen (not in great numbers) and toothed whales including
1926:
1314:
Where the whalers went: an index to the Pacific ports and islands visited by American whalers (and some other ships) in the 19th century
503:
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2268:
Towns, D. R.; Broome, K. G. (2003). "From small Maria to massive Campbell: Forty years of rat eradications from New Zealand islands".
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758:. The volcanoes on the other islands are currently inactive, and the smaller islands are the eroded remnants of extinct volcanoes.
697:, to the east of the islands. The islands lie along the undersea Kermadec Ridge, which runs southwest from the islands towards the
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around Raoul Island, which were tracked to feeding grounds in Antarctica and across to the Antarctic Peninsula. Vast numbers of
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occurred in the early hours of 5 March 2021, leading to several strong aftershocks and a tsunami advisory on the North Coast of
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104:
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732:
76:
61:
1714:
Beever, Jessica E.; Fife, Allan J.; West, Carol J. (December 1996). "Mosses of the Kermadec Islands, northern New Zealand".
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871:) is another important canopy tree. The forests have an understory of smaller trees, shrubs, ferns, and herbs, including
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2054:"Natural history footage provides new reef fish biodiversity information for a pristine but rarely visited archipelago"
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2602:
2052:
Liggins, Libby; Sweatman, Jenny Ann; Trnski, Thomas; Duffy, Clinton A. J.; Eddy, Tyler D.; Aguirre, J. David (2020).
1950:"Observation and identification of marine mammals during two recent expeditions to the Kermadec Islands, New Zealand"
2215:
Courchamp, F.; Chapuis, J. L.; Pascal, M. (2003). "Mammal invaders on islands: Impact, control and control impact".
920:
Areas near the seashore and exposed to salt spray are covered by a distinct community of shrubs and ferns, notably
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floating northwest of the volcano. The eruption was not directly observed, but it was located using earthquake and
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L'Havre Rock, about 8 km (5.0 mi) north-northwest of L'Esperance Rock, is submerged except at low tide.
1996:
544:, to ask for permission to use the islands. Holland refused, fearing an adverse public reaction in the upcoming
540:, who had recently become the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, wrote to the Prime Minister of New Zealand,
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1978:
1109:, with land in sight to enable Koha to orientate itself to prevent the risk of getting lost in the open ocean.
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north and south of the Kermadec Islands are an extension of the ridge running from Tonga to New Zealand (see
72:
1794:(Euphorbiaceae) on Macauley Island, southern Kermadec Islands, with notes on that island's vascular flora".
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or Sunday Island is by far the largest of the islands. It lies 900 km (560 mi) south-southwest of
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were historically seen in southwestern areas although only a handful of recent confirmations exist around
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In 1955, the British Government required a large site remote from population centres to test the new
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993:
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BirdLife International. (2012). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Kermadec Islands. Downloaded from
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739:, is just 150 km North of the North Island of New Zealand. The ridge eventually connects to
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in September 2014, was released around the waters of Raoul Island and nursed back to health at
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694:
650:). Star of Bengal Bank, 103 km (64 mi) south-southwest of L'Esperance Rock, has a
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1012:. The area also hosts rich habitats for cetaceans. In recent years, increased presences of
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because of its significance as a breeding site for several species of seabirds, including
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is the dominant forest tree, forming a 10 – 15-metre (30 – 50-foot) high canopy. A native
690:
606:
485:
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1066:) were found around the waters of the Kermadec Islands by a research partnership between
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548:. Despite reassurances and pressure from the British government, Holland remained firm.
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is the northernmost island. It is approximately 100 metres (109 yd) across.
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The group includes four main islands as well as some isolated rocks. These are:
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39:
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1263:"Data Table – Protected Areas – LINZ Data Service (recorded area 3359.9864 ha)"
1133:
rats and cats from the islands, as well as some of the invasive exotic plants.
803:. Other magnitude 8 earthquakes have struck near the islands in 1917 and 1976.
769:, breaching the ocean surface from a depth of more than 1100 m and producing a
17:
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1807:
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in the Kermadec Islands region. However, subsequently, fishing companies and
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Dense subtropical forests cover most of Raoul, and formerly covered Macauley.
674:
401:
325:
1790:
Barkla, J. W.; Dilks, P. J.; Greene, T. C.; Griffiths, R. (September 2008). "
751:. The islands experience many earthquakes from plate movement and volcanism.
459:
in May 1788 – found no inhabitants on these volcanic islands.
195:
182:
2329:"Data Table – Protected Areas – LINZ Data Service (recorded area 748000 ha)"
1923:"A surprise encounter while sailing to the Kermadecs Islands – The Listener"
1237:
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The islands have no native land mammals. An endemic bird subspecies is the
934:
902:
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449:
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in the South Pacific Ocean 800–1,000 km (500–620 mi) northeast of
2246:
2097:
2378:"Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary put on ice by NZ First, catching Greens unaware"
1514:, Hydrographic Office, Royal New Zealand Navy, 1994. Retrieved 7 May 2007.
662:
564:. The total area of the islands is 33.6 km (12.97 sq mi).
1211:
1141:
928:
717:
643:
612:
Macdonald Rock is about 4 km (2.5 mi) north of Macauley Island.
417:
411:
388:
372:
1289:
Raoul & the Kermadecs: New Zealand's Northernmost Islands, a History
351:. The islands are an immediate part of New Zealand, but not part of any
2872:
These combine the regional and the territorial authority levels in one
2809:
1180:
873:
755:
671:
600:
480:
463:
392:
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data after the pumice raft was spotted by aircraft and encountered by
1156:
bodies filed legal action opposing it, and a coalition deal with the
774:
1948:
Duffy, Clinton A.J.; Baker, C. Scott; Constantine, Rochelle (2015).
666:
Bathymetry of the Kermadec volcanic island arc and surrounding areas
2552:
1163:
In October–November 2016, a collaborative team of researchers from
383:
expedition in the 1790s. The topographic particle "Kermadec" is of
963:
706:
661:
583:
561:
502:
424:
The Māori name is Rangitāhua which is also used for Raoul island.
337:
2352:"John Key announces one of the world's largest ocean sanctuaries"
1287:
Gentry, Steven (2013). "2: Rangitahua – the Stopping-off Place".
2762:
2674:
2556:
840:
of New Zealand. The islands are home to 113 native species of
2535:
1153:
1118:
885:
33:
1960:. Auckland War Memorial Museum - Tāmaki Paenga Hira: 501–510.
1685:
Mueller-Dombois, Dieter; Fosberg, F. R. (26 November 2013).
1552:"'Massive' Kermadec volcanic eruption rivalled Mt St Helens"
282:
1480:
Priestley, Rebecca (2013). "Cold War and Red Hot Science".
294:
288:
2549:
from the Ministry for the Environment / Manatū Mō Te Taiao
1876:
824:, the Kermadec Islands subtropical moist forests. It is a
432:
As indicated by their name for the islands, Rangitāhua (
720:
with between 65 and 1500 m of water above their peaks.
2464:"Government halts plans for Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary"
2191:"Endangered Hawksbill Sea Turtle's long journey home"
1316:. Canberra: Pacific Manuscripts Bureau. p. 145.
1140:
On 29 September 2015, the New Zealand Prime Minister
306:
297:
279:
291:
2642:
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1628:
Plant Conservation: The Role of Habitat Restoration
285:
276:
256:
251:
235:
227:
219:
211:
174:
169:
141:
64:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2376:Simon Maude and Jonathan Milne (22 October 2017).
1183:undertook research around Kermadec Islands aboard
852:of plants have become established on the islands.
511:The Raoul Island Station consists of a government
344:Station, the northernmost outpost of New Zealand.
155:Location (in green rectangle) in the Pacific Ocean
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
832:. The forests are dominated by the red-flowering
421:, used to form adjectives indicating a property.
27:Subtropical island arc in the South Pacific Ocean
2944:Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
2137:The Kermadec Expedition Team (27 October 2016).
1995:The Kermadec Expedition Team (25 October 2016).
972:– part of the rich marine biota of the Kermadecs
826:tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
1148:, a 620,000 km (239,383 sq mi)
2881:outside any regional authority (the outlying
2686:
2568:
2113:"New species accidentally discovered on film"
1762:"Kermadec Islands Page 2. Plants and animals"
1482:Mad on radium – New Zealand in the atomic age
8:
2964:Important Bird Areas of the Kermadec Islands
2869:Seven districts lie in more than one region
2525:"Kermadec Islands subtropical moist forests"
1650:"Kermadec Islands Subtropical Moist Forests"
1525:"NASA Satellites Pinpoint Volcanic Eruption"
1341:. No. 425. 2 September 1886. p. 3.
136:
2164:"Releasing Koha the turtle at Raoul Island"
2139:"It's a bit fishy up here in the Kermadecs"
689:. The subducting Pacific Plate created the
433:
2974:States and territories established in 1887
2693:
2679:
2671:
2575:
2561:
2553:
2410:Ministry for the Environment (New Zealand)
1687:Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands
1097:, which was originally found injured near
161:
149:
135:
2228:
2087:
2077:
1350:
1348:
1048:along the Kermadec ridge support diverse
379:, who visited the islands as part of the
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
2714:
2308:Department of Conservation (New Zealand)
1242:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1766:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1484:. Auckland: Auckland University Press.
1455:Arnold, Lorna; Pyne, Katherine (2001).
1364:An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, Te Ara
1199:
1105:. The release was from the deck of the
980:. The group has been identified as an
1856:New Zealand Plant Conservation Network
1429:Gabites, Bruce (July–September 1993).
1337:"Annexation of the Kermadec Islands".
560:, and a similar distance southwest of
336:, and a similar distance southwest of
1691:Springer Science & Business Media
1689:. Ecological Studies. Vol. 132.
1459:. Basingstoke: Palgrave. p. 96.
799:and other Pacific islands, including
728:, probably with submarine volcanoes.
488:who published their story in 1957 as
415:(which means 'good') with the suffix
7:
1137:in scientific study of the islands.
791:The islands are seismically active.
515:and radio station, and a hostel for
62:adding citations to reliable sources
2350:Tracy Watkins (29 September 2015).
1125:in 1937, and the sea around them a
470:that visited Raoul Island in 1823.
223:33.6 km (13.0 sq mi)
2979:1887 establishments in New Zealand
2939:Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean
2536:The Kermadecs: an ocean wilderness
2476:from the original on 31 March 2024
1403:Tikkanen, Amy (31 December 2019).
816:The islands are recognised by the
361:Area Outside Territorial Authority
25:
2797:Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands
1822:"Subtropical tree fern challenge"
1741:"Fungi of the Kermadec Islands".
1602:"M 8.0 - Kermadec Islands region"
1577:"M 8.2 - Kermadec Islands region"
1218:from the original on 18 June 2020
1103:Kelly Tarlton's Sea Life Aquarium
917:, are also found in the forests.
754:Raoul and Curtis are both active
462:British, American and Australian
371:The islands were named after the
2802:
2755:
2740:
2722:
2632:
2412:. September 2015. Archived from
2304:"Kermadec Islands: Places to go"
2189:Bath, Brooke (19 October 2016).
2111:Hancock, Farah (16 March 2020).
347:The islands are listed with the
272:
38:
2541:Kermadec Islands Marine Reserve
2439:"Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary Bill"
1954:Bulletin of the Auckland Museum
49:needs additional citations for
2875:Special territorial authority
2331:. Land Information New Zealand
2270:New Zealand Journal of Zoology
1728:10.1080/0028825X.1996.10410127
1144:announced the creation of the
733:South Kermadec Ridge Seamounts
572:The climate of the islands is
484:family's experience to writer
1:
2282:10.1080/03014223.2003.9518348
1796:New Zealand Journal of Botany
1716:New Zealand Journal of Botany
1362:. In McLintock, A. H. (ed.).
978:Kermadec red-crowned parakeet
747:, at the northern end of the
735:, the southernmost of which,
405:means village, residence and
2934:Archipelagoes of New Zealand
2893:Non-self-governing territory
2879:New Zealand outlying islands
1891:"The Kermadec Whale Project"
1267:Land Information New Zealand
1208:"New Zealand Volcano Erupts"
911:and the rare and endangered
654:of 48 metres (157 ft).
647:
377:Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec
349:New Zealand outlying islands
1626:"From Theory to Practice".
1054:New Zealand blind vent crab
793:An 8.1 magnitude earthquake
409:a proper name derived from
2995:
2905:States in free association
2403:"Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary"
2079:10.1038/s41598-020-60136-w
1889:Baird, Karen (July 2010).
1630:. 2019. pp. 306–354.
1117:The introduction of cats,
1052:communities including the
858:Metrosideros kermadecensis
517:Department of Conservation
2949:Ecoregions of New Zealand
2903:
2877:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2800:
2787:
2785:
2780:
2752:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2720:
2712:
2629:
2239:10.1017/S1464793102006061
1808:10.1080/00288250809509775
1636:10.1017/9781108648677.009
801:Norfolk Island, Australia
761:From 18 to 21 July 2012,
524:Nuclear testing proposals
240:
231:516 m (1693 ft)
160:
148:
2969:Volcanism of New Zealand
2702:Administrative divisions
2547:Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary
1409:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1390:Crusoes of Sunday Island
1146:Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary
490:Crusoes of Sunday Island
2838:Territorial authorities
2793:NZ Subantarctic Islands
2775:11 non-unitary regions
2022:"Sir Peter Blake Trust"
1877:http://www.birdlife.org
1510:12 October 2007 at the
1312:Langdon, Robert (ed.).
914:Alsophila kermadecensis
828:ecoregion, part of the
507:Raoul Island from space
2531:. World Wildlife Fund.
2529:Terrestrial Ecoregions
2443:New Zealand Parliament
1977:. 2014. Archived from
1792:Homalanthus polyandrus
1770:New Zealand Government
1531:. NASA. 14 August 2012
1529:NASA Earth Observatory
1457:Britain and the H-bomb
1435:New Zealand Geographic
1384:Morton, Elsie (1957).
1169:University of Auckland
1072:University of Auckland
986:BirdLife International
973:
731:Further south are the
705:and northeast towards
667:
589:
588:View from Raoul Island
508:
443:the stopping-off place
318:
228:Highest elevation
196:29.27694°S 177.92333°W
2623:Raoul (Sunday) Island
2496:"Kermadec Expedition"
1997:"Raoul Island whales"
1088:University of Waikato
1063:Ceratias tentaculatus
1038:southern right whales
967:
874:Myrsine kermadecensis
687:Indo-Australian Plate
665:
587:
546:1957 general election
506:
201:-29.27694; -177.92333
2900:Antarctic dependency
2706:Realm of New Zealand
1984:on 18 February 2018.
1060:and an angler fish (
994:black-winged petrels
868:Rhopalostylis baueri
693:, an 8 km deep
499:Raoul Island Station
58:improve this article
2954:Oceanian ecoregions
2885:form a part of the
2852:1 metropolitan area
2419:on 15 February 2019
2070:2020NatSR..10.3159L
1879:on 3 February 2012.
1832:. 25 September 2014
1749:(1): 149–170. 1992.
1606:earthquake.usgs.gov
1581:earthquake.usgs.gov
982:Important Bird Area
935:Asplenium obtusatum
892:Coprosma acutifolia
834:Kermadec pōhutukawa
818:World Wildlife Fund
749:Taupo Volcanic Zone
726:Star of Bengal Bank
685:subducts under the
679:convergent boundary
192: /
138:
2959:Island restoration
2778:5 unitary regions
2217:Biological Reviews
2058:Scientific Reports
1431:"Island of dreams"
1405:"Kermadec Islands"
1360:"Kermadec Islands"
1291:. pp. 37–51.
1238:"Kermadec Islands"
1046:hydrothermal vents
1002:little shearwaters
974:
929:Coprosma petiolata
850:introduced species
844:, of which 23 are
765:(near Havre Rock)
737:Rumble IV Seamount
711:Kermadec-Tonga Arc
670:The islands are a
668:
590:
509:
473:On 1 August 1886,
73:"Kermadec Islands"
2916:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2907:with New Zealand
2668:
2667:
2472:. 28 March 2024.
2469:Radio New Zealand
2382:Sunday Star-Times
2170:. 23 October 2016
1830:Te Papa Tongarewa
1700:978-1-4419-8686-3
1466:978-0-333-94742-5
1298:978-1-927242-02-5
1214:. 16 March 2006.
1173:Massey University
1158:New Zealand First
1093:In 2016, Koha, a
1076:Massey University
970:Kermadec scalyfin
947:Disphyma australe
941:Cyperus ustulatus
923:Myoporum obscurum
836:, related to the
743:in New Zealand's
359:, but instead an
264:
263:
134:
133:
126:
108:
16:(Redirected from
2986:
2929:Kermadec Islands
2887:Southland Region
2883:Solander Islands
2832:
2825:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2789:Kermadec Islands
2765:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2715:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2672:
2650:Brothers Volcano
2637:
2636:
2608:L'Esperance Rock
2598:Cheeseman Island
2584:Kermadec Islands
2577:
2570:
2563:
2554:
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2007:
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1961:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1925:. Archived from
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1903:on 11 March 2016
1902:
1896:. Archived from
1895:
1886:
1880:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1852:"Ficinia nodosa"
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1818:
1812:
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1787:
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1356:Jobberns, George
1352:
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1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1204:
1095:hawksbill turtle
1058:velvet whalefish
908:Alsophila milnei
898:Coriaria arborea
722:Monowai Seamount
695:submarine trench
677:, formed at the
634:L'Esperance Rock
622:Cheeseman Island
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
387:origin and is a
309:
304:
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268:Kermadec Islands
207:
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137:Kermadec Islands
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66:
42:
34:
21:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2987:
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2984:
2983:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2895:of New Zealand
2828:
2821:
2816:Ross Dependency
2803:
2801:
2795:
2791:
2782:Chatham Islands
2756:
2754:
2753:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2723:
2721:
2708:
2699:
2669:
2664:
2638:
2631:
2627:
2613:Macauley Island
2586:
2581:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2500:Auckland Museum
2494:
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2230:10.1.1.507.8446
2214:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2168:Auckland Museum
2162:
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2143:Auckland Museum
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2051:
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2040:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2003:
2001:Auckland Museum
1994:
1993:
1989:
1981:
1974:
1972:"The Kermadecs"
1970:
1969:
1965:
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1845:
1835:
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1820:
1819:
1815:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1760:Nathan, Simon.
1759:
1758:
1754:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1684:
1683:
1668:
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1648:
1647:
1643:
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1620:
1610:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1595:
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1583:
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1574:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1512:Wayback Machine
1503:
1499:
1492:
1479:
1478:
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1449:
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1428:
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1423:
1413:
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1402:
1401:
1397:
1386:"Author's Note"
1383:
1382:
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1354:
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1235:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1165:Auckland Museum
1115:
1044:. The deep sea
1034:humpback whales
1014:humpback whales
962:
842:vascular plants
814:
809:
691:Kermadec Trench
660:
607:Macauley Island
582:
570:
554:
526:
501:
486:Elsie K. Morton
445:
442:
439:
436:
430:
381:d'Entrecasteaux
369:
307:
275:
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156:
144:
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119:
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67:
65:
55:
43:
28:
23:
22:
18:Kermadec Island
15:
12:
11:
5:
2992:
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2908:
2902:
2898:New Zealand's
2896:
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2580:
2579:
2572:
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2557:
2551:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2533:
2519:
2518:External links
2516:
2513:
2512:
2487:
2455:
2430:
2394:
2368:
2342:
2320:
2295:
2260:
2223:(3): 347–383.
2207:
2181:
2155:
2129:
2103:
2044:
2034:
2013:
1987:
1963:
1940:
1914:
1881:
1868:
1843:
1826:Te Papa’s Blog
1813:
1802:(3): 373–379.
1782:
1752:
1733:
1722:(4): 463–471.
1706:
1699:
1666:
1641:
1618:
1593:
1568:
1542:
1516:
1497:
1491:978-1869407278
1490:
1472:
1465:
1447:
1421:
1395:
1376:
1344:
1339:The Cornishman
1329:
1322:
1304:
1297:
1279:
1254:
1229:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1150:protected area
1127:marine reserve
1123:nature reserve
1114:
1111:
1084:Manaaki Whenua
961:
958:
953:Ficinia nodosa
901:. Two endemic
886:Poa polyphylla
880:Lobelia anceps
830:Oceanian realm
820:as a distinct
813:
810:
808:
805:
779:remote sensing
763:Havre Seamount
659:
656:
641:
640:
637:
631:
625:
615:
614:
613:
604:
581:
578:
569:
566:
553:
550:
542:Sidney Holland
525:
522:
513:meteorological
500:
497:
429:
426:
368:
365:
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253:
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237:
236:Administration
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6:
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2:
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2656:
2655:Healy Volcano
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2618:Nugent Island
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2603:Curtis Island
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2566:
2564:
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2548:
2545:
2543:at Seafriends
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2063:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2038:
2035:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1988:
1980:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1941:
1929:on 4 May 2016
1928:
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1918:
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1513:
1509:
1506:
1505:Chart NZ 2225
1501:
1498:
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1483:
1476:
1473:
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1458:
1451:
1448:
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1323:0-86784-471-X
1319:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1268:
1264:
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1069:
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1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1030:killer whales
1027:
1026:beaked whales
1024:, less known
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
971:
966:
959:
957:
955:
954:
949:
948:
943:
942:
937:
936:
931:
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918:
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909:
904:
900:
899:
894:
893:
888:
887:
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881:
876:
875:
870:
869:
864:
860:
859:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
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802:
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794:
789:
787:
786:
780:
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768:
764:
759:
757:
752:
750:
746:
745:Bay of Plenty
742:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
683:Pacific Plate
680:
676:
673:
664:
657:
655:
653:
649:
645:
638:
635:
632:
629:
628:Nugent Island
626:
623:
619:
618:Curtis Island
616:
611:
610:
608:
605:
602:
598:
595:
594:
593:
586:
579:
577:
575:
567:
565:
563:
559:
551:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
530:thermonuclear
523:
521:
518:
514:
505:
498:
496:
493:
491:
487:
482:
479:
478:
471:
469:
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460:
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457:
451:
427:
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420:
419:
414:
413:
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403:
398:
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390:
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378:
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362:
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335:
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327:
324:
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312:
311:
302:
269:
259:
255:
250:
246:
245:
239:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
212:Total islands
210:
205:
177:
173:
168:
164:
159:
152:
147:
140:
128:
125:
117:
114:December 2008
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75: –
74:
70:
69:Find sources:
63:
59:
53:
52:
47:This article
45:
41:
36:
35:
32:
30:
19:
2847:50 districts
2814:
2788:
2748:Cook Islands
2583:
2528:
2503:. Retrieved
2499:
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2467:
2458:
2446:. Retrieved
2433:
2421:. Retrieved
2414:the original
2397:
2385:. Retrieved
2371:
2359:. Retrieved
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2298:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2198:. Retrieved
2194:
2184:
2172:. Retrieved
2167:
2158:
2146:. Retrieved
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2132:
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1113:Conservation
1092:
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1050:extremophile
1042:Raoul Island
1022:sperm whales
1018:minke whales
1010:blue noddies
998:wedge-tailed
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741:White Island
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538:Anthony Eden
534:Selwyn Lloyd
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334:North Island
267:
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252:Demographics
242:
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68:
56:Please help
51:verification
48:
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29:
2860:3 districts
2830:14 villages
2730:New Zealand
2356:Stuff.co.nz
2064:(1): 3159.
2027:26 December
1933:26 December
1107:RV Tangaroa
1006:sooty terns
807:Environment
703:New Zealand
652:least depth
574:subtropical
330:New Zealand
323:subtropical
244:New Zealand
199: /
187:177°55′24″W
175:Coordinates
2923:Categories
2823:15 islands
2718:Countries
2505:2 November
2276:(4): 377.
1247:1 November
1194:References
1099:Dargaville
1086:, and the
1068:Ngāti Kurī
903:tree ferns
863:nīkau palm
838:pōhutukawa
785:Canterbury
771:large raft
681:where the
675:island arc
450:Polynesian
326:island arc
319:Rangitāhua
257:Population
184:29°16′37″S
143:Rangitāhua
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2843:11 cities
2643:Seamounts
2448:28 August
2423:28 August
2387:28 August
2361:28 August
2335:27 August
2313:28 August
2225:CiteSeerX
1743:Mycotaxon
1654:One Earth
1535:14 August
1272:27 August
984:(IBA) by
822:ecoregion
756:volcanoes
718:seamounts
644:Seamounts
552:Geography
397:Finistère
260:0 (2006)
215:around 16
170:Geography
2474:Archived
2290:85693432
2247:14558589
2122:16 March
2117:Newsroom
2098:32081990
1907:11 March
1508:Archived
1414:18 March
1369:18 March
1358:(1966).
1216:Archived
1212:CBS News
1187:Tangaroa
1142:John Key
672:volcanic
389:lieu-dit
375:captain
367:Toponymy
357:district
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2810:Tokelau
2771:Regions
2704:of the
2660:Monowai
2591:Islands
2480:2 April
2255:8308951
2089:7035361
2066:Bibcode
1611:12 July
1586:12 July
1561:19 June
1550:Noted.
1222:18 June
1181:Te Papa
846:endemic
767:erupted
658:Geology
648:Geology
580:Islands
568:Climate
481:annexed
477:Diamond
464:whaling
437:
428:History
393:Pencran
310:-mə-dek
98:scholar
2866:Notes
2858:, and
2856:1 city
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399:where
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373:Breton
353:region
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2406:(PDF)
2286:S2CID
2251:S2CID
2195:Stuff
2148:5 May
2042:1–22.
1982:(PDF)
1975:(PDF)
1901:(PDF)
1894:(PDF)
1556:Noted
960:Fauna
812:Flora
707:Tonga
562:Tonga
468:Fanny
407:madec
338:Tonga
315:Māori
105:JSTOR
91:books
2845:and
2763:Niue
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2482:2024
2450:2019
2425:2019
2389:2019
2363:2019
2337:2019
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2243:PMID
2202:2021
2176:2021
2150:2021
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2094:PMID
2029:2016
2008:2021
1935:2016
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1777:2024
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