52:
440:, prince of Kediri and one of Singhasari's most powerful vassals rebelled against his overlord. With the bulk of the Javanese army in campaign overseas and Singasari's defense weakened, Jayakatwang seized his chance and launched a coup against Kertanagara. He launched a diversionary attack to northern East Java, where his troops drew the remaining Singhasari troops left on the island away from the capital. With Kutaraja, the Singhasari capital defenseless, Jayakatwang attacked the capital city unnoticed from the mountainous southern region.
300:
597:
550:, since this inscription was discovered near this temple. It seems that Gajah Mada specifically held the late king Kertanagara in high esteem and pay special tribute even 58 years after his death, which led for historian to suggests a possible link between them. Nevertheless, both men are known for their aspiration to unify the Nusantara archipelago.
252:
Kertanagara was the fifth ruler of
Singasari and was the son of the previous king, Wisnuwardhana (r. 1248–1268). He effectively held power from 1254 and officially succeeded his father when the latter died in 1268. The Singasari dynasty had come to power in Java following the overthrow of the
474:
to overthrow
Jayakatwang. Wijaya then betrayed his Mongol allies, who were exhausted after the war, drove them from Java and established Majapahit as one of the greatest empires to arise from within the area covered by the modern territory of Indonesia.
315:
Singhasari reached the height of its power during
Kertanagara's rule, which saw the dramatic expansion of Javanese power into Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, and Bali. He extended Javanese involvement in the lucrative
402:
and submission to the Yuan dynasty. Kertanagara took grave offense to the request and arrested the envoys. He branded their faces, cut their ears and sent them back to China with disfigured faces.
557:
as a unified region was not invented by Gajah Mada in 1336, but was first coined by
Kertanagara in Mula Malurung inscription dated 1255. Furthermore, in 1275, the term
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mean "island". Kertanagara envisioned the union of
Southeast Asian maritime kingdoms and polities under Singhasari as a bulwark against the rise of the expansionist
546:
dedicated to King
Kertanagara that died in 1214 Saka (1292 CE). The temple mentioned in this inscription most possibly refer to the syncretic Shivaist-Buddhist
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of China. It is very possible that Gajah Mada has made
Kertanagara a role model and took his idea as a political inspiration to unify the archipelago.
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Knowing that the
Mongols would send a military expedition to punish him, Kertanagara tried to solidify his power. Around 1290, he launched the
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Kublai Khan ordered that a strong punitive naval expedition be launched against the remote equatorial islands to punish
Kertanagara in 1292.
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In the meantime, Kertanagara had dominated all of Java, but before the Mongol fleet arrived, a dramatic political change occurred.
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was used by him to describe the aspiration of united
Southeast Asian archipelago under Singhasari and marked the beginning of his
1026:
454:, who fled to Madura Island, where he was sheltered by its regent, Arya Viraraja. Vijaya then established himself in the lower
240:, reigning from 1268 to 1292. Under his rule Javanese trade and power developed considerably, reaching the far corners of the
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to achieve it. Dvipantara is a Sanskrit word for the "islands in between", making it a synonym to Nusantara as both
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291:. Kertanagara celebrated many religious festivals and commissioned sculptures and metal plaques during his reign.
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in May or June 1292. Jayakatwang then declared himself ruler of Java and king of the restored Kediri Kingdom.
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ruler with territorial ambitions that extended beyond the island of Java. In 1284, he subjected nearby
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became the greatest king of Majapahit, which under his rule became one of the greatest empires in
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had established its presence, and it already entertained cordial relationships with Yuan China.
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Among the few surviving relatives of Kertanagara was his son-in-law,
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in eastern Sumatra, and possibly also gained control over the
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to vassalage. Kertanagara managed to form an alliance with
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Kinney, Ann R.; Klokke, Marijke J.; Kieven, Lydia (2003).
232:(died 1292), was the last and most important ruler of the
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Introduction to Asia: History, Culture, and Civilization
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Worshiping Siva and Buddha: The Temple Art of East Java
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Kertanagara had no male heir, but through his daughter
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177:Shri Maharaja Kertanagara Vikrama Dharmatunggadeva
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536:to commemorate the construction of a funerary
366:also offered their submission to Kertanagara.
307:presented by Kertanagara of Singhasari to the
980:Indonesia...from ancient times to middle ages
494:. His daughter Gayatri and his granddaughter
417:in the south, one of the successor states to
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339:, another dominant state in Southeast Asia.
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264:Kertanagara was a follower of a mystical
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794:The Javanese Candi: Function and Meaning
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517:Dyani Buddha by his descendants in the
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261:, the first Singhasari ruler in 1222.
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486:, Kertanagara became the ancestor of
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822:"Siapa Sebenarnya Kakek Gajah Mada?"
346:succeeded in gaining control of the
871:Wahyono Suroto Kusumoprojo (2009).
513:Kertanagara was later eulogized as
826:Historia - Obrolan Perempuan Urban
746:. University of California Press.
25:
742:Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times
502:of Majapahit. His great-grandson
67:the embodiment of Kertanagara as
926:Irapta, Angelina Chavez (2005).
853:(in Indonesian). 18 January 2022
719:Kinney, Klokke & Kieven 2003
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279:, and presented himself as the
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953:. University of Hawaii Press.
911:. University of Hawaii Press.
691:. University of Hawaii Press.
382:sought to extend its power in
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1042:13th-century monarchs in Asia
975:Timeline of Indonesia history
1032:Indonesian Buddhist monarchs
847:"Kertanagara dan Nusantara"
496:Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi
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18:Kertanegara of Singhasari
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490:, the ruling dynasty of
432:Rebellion of Jayakatwang
27:Last ruler of Singhasari
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342:Late in his reign, the
932:. Rex Bookstore, Inc.
472:oncoming Mongol troops
470:Raden Wijaya used the
354:and hegemony over the
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242:Indonesian archipelago
797:. BRILL. p. 78.
791:R., Soekmono (1995).
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126:Kingdom of Singhasari
877:. PT Mizan Publika.
611:History of Indonesia
407:Pamalayu expedition
398:to Java, demanding
344:Pamalayu expedition
650:. ABC-CLIO. 2004.
519:Wurare Inscription
390:, the grandson of
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1047:Buddhist monarchs
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1006:Succeeded by
960:978-0-8248-2779-3
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918:978-0-8248-0368-1
884:978-979-3603-94-0
753:978-0-520-06740-0
657:978-1-57607-770-2
548:Singhasari temple
528:the Mahapatih of
480:Gayatri Rajapatni
358:. Other areas in
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396:ambassadors
394:, sent his
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318:spice trade
236:kingdom of
226:Kritanagara
171:Regnal name
122:Jawi Temple
93:Predecessor
88:1268 – 1292
65:Jawi Temple
33:Kertanagara
1021:Categories
1003:1268–1292
857:2022-01-19
832:2019-01-08
627:References
563:Dvipantara
559:Cakravala
542:or burial
526:Gajah Mada
515:Mahaksobya
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386:. In 1289
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269:syncretism
248:Background
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230:Sivabuddha
148:Tribhuvana
118:Singhasari
79:Singhasari
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419:Srivijaya
320:with the
295:Conquests
253:previous
905:(1968).
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685:(1968).
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273:Hinduism
259:Ken Arok
77:King of
61:Surabaya
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113:Burial
69:Buddha
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571:dvipa
423:Islam
415:Jambi
285:Shiva
228:, or
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85:Reign
63:from
999:Java
955:ISBN
934:ISBN
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693:ISBN
652:ISBN
575:nusa
573:and
362:and
333:Bali
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105:Died
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216:Sri
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