1599:
with, and that the idea of finality of prophethood is well-represented in the text, as well as in the earliest available extra-Quranic materials." Rubin reexamines the early extra-Qur'anic texts cited by
Friedmann and other modern scholars, and concludes that rather than indicating that the notion of finality of prophethood is late, the texts confirm the early origin of the belief. He concludes that "there is no compelling reason to assume that the Muslims of the first Islamic century originally understood the Qur'anic
1440:(of al-Azhari): Khātim and khātam are among the names of the Prophet. And in the Qur'an: "Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and khātim of the prophets," that is, the last of them. And: It was also recited as khātam. And the saying of al-'Ajjaj, "Blessed to the prophets is this khātim," is based on the well-known recitation, with a kasrah (khātim). And also among his names is al-‘āqib, and its meaning is "last of the prophets."
3210:, 48 (3/4): p. 378. "It is primarily Ghulām Aḥmad’s prophetical claim based on his reinterpretation of the prophetology mentioned above that distinguishes the Aḥmadiyya Muslim Jamāʿat from the Muslim “mainstream”. In spite of the differentiation Ghulām Aḥmad had made between the two kinds of prophets and his acceptance of Muḥammad as the last law-bearing one, many of his adversaries consider his claim as an offence against the finality of Muḥammad."
1583:
Muhammad brought the office of prophethood to a close. He suggests that the Qur'anic text underwent a series of secondary omissions and additions which were designed to adapt the text to the dogma of finality of prophethood, and that the idea of finality only became the prevailing interpretation (alongside the notion of confirmation or fulfilment) by the end of the 1st century AH / 7th century. In a review of Powers' book,
2263:وخِتامُ القَوْم وخاتِمُهُم وخاتَمُهُم آخرُهم عن اللحياني ومحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم خاتِم الأنبياء عليه وعليهم الصلاة والسلام التهذيب والخاتِم والخاتَم من أسماء النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وفي التنزيل العزيز ما كان محمد أبا أحد من رجالكم ولكن رسول الله وخاتِمَ النبيين أي آخرهم قال وقد قرئ وخاتَمَ وقول العجاج مُبارَكٍ للأنبياء خاتِمِ إنما حمله على القراءة المشهورة فكسر ومن أسمائه العاقب أيضا ومعناه آخر الأنبياء
3500:
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370:
1715:. He claimed a kind of prophethood, believed he had been divinely appointed to revive and universally establish Islam, but not to have add to or change the laws of God or Muhammad. This has caused controversy between Ahmadis and more mainstream Muslims, who accuse them of denying the finality of prophethood. Ahmadiyya Muslims are subjected to considerable
446:
382:
1777:
shows the
Islamic concept of the oneness of the prophets and the Hadith, "knowledge is a single point, which the foolish have multiplied," to reveal that the term "Seal of the Prophets", like Alpha and Omega, apply to all the prophets: "Whilst established upon the seat of the 'first', they occupy the
1694:
believe that
Muhammad brought prophethood to perfection and was the last prophet to have brought a complete and comprehensive universal law for humanity, but prophethood subordinate to Muhammad is still open. New prophets may be born, but they must be seen as subordinate to Muhammad and cannot create
1568:
takes
Friedmann's findings into consideration in observing that the original Qur'anic meaning of the term is not entirely certain. However, in a more recent paper he states, "Most Muslims at the time no doubt understood it to mean that he was to be the last prophet and Islam was the final religion,
1319:
it is reported by Abu
Hurayrah that Muhammad said, "My similitude in comparison with the prophets before me is that of a man who has built a house nicely and beautifully, except for a place of one brick in a corner. The people go about it and wonder at its beauty, but say: 'Would that this brick be
1617:
In
Pakistan voters before voting and leaders before assuming their offices have to declare in writing and take an oath of finality of prophethood, (i.e. Khatm-i-Nabuwat); any one not subscribing is considered claiming otherwise and a non-Muslim and may face persecution and loss of opportunities.
1598:
implies both finality of prophethood and confirmation. In response to Powers and other modern scholars sceptical of the early origin of the doctrine, Rubin concludes from his study "that, at least as far as Sura 33 is concerned, the consonantal structure of the Qur'anic text has not been tampered
1557:
is generally interpreted as meaning 'the last prophet', the exegetical tradition and other branches of classical Arabic literature preserved material which indicates that this now generally received understanding of the Qur'anic phrase is not the only possible one and had not necessarily been the
1582:
David Powers, also making use of
Friedmann's research, believes that the early Muslim community was divided over the meaning of the expression, with some understanding it to mean he fulfilled or confirmed the earlier Christian and Jewish revelations, while others understood it as signifying that
1391:
In another hadith, Muhammad prophesied the appearance of a number of false prophets before the day of judgement, while asserting his status as the seal of the prophets. It is reported by
Thawban ibn Kaidad that Muhammad said, "The Hour will not be established until tribes of my
1587:
goes further, suggesting that the development of the doctrine was not complete before the 3rd century AH / 9th century. Madelung comments that Power's argument, that verses 36–40 are a later addition dating from the generation after
Muhammad's death, is "hardly sustainable."
1553:(1986), he concluded that although the notion of finality of prophethood "eventually acquired an undisputed and central place in the religious thought of Islam," it was contested during the first century AH. He states, "While it is true that the phrase
2403:
Sunnī and Shī'ī theology alike understood it to mean that
Muhammad ended the series of Prophets, that he had accomplished for all eternity what his predecessors had prepared, that he was God's last messenger delivering God's last message to
1368:
the hadith is also reported by Jabir ibn Abd Allah, with the last statement being "So I am the place of that brick, I have come and sealed the prophets" (fa’anā mawḍi‘u ’l-labinah, ji’tu fakhatamtu ’l-anbiyā’).
1765:, which will last at least five hundred thousand years with numerous Manifestations of God appearing throughout this time. Moreover, Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri Bahá'u'lláh gave the Title "King of the Messengers" (
2313:
Khatam al-Nabiyyin: Seal of the prophets. Phrase occurs in Quran 33:40, referring to Muhammad, and is regarded by Muslims as meaning that he is the last of the series of prophets that began with Adam.
1747:
as fulfilling these prophetic expectations. The latter of these is the founder of the Baháʼí religion, which considers Islamic law as secondary or tertiary to its own. Muhammad is seen as ending the
3085:
1159:
2331:
Muḥammad is called "the seal of the prophets" in 33:40. The expression means that Muḥammad is the final prophet, and that the institution of prophecy after him is "sealed."
1618:
Quranic verses and Ahadith pertaining to the finality of prophethood have to be displayed prominently in Government offices, and at entrances to districts along highways.
1320:
put in its place!' So I am that brick, and I am the seal of the prophets" (fa’anā ’l-labinah, wa anā khātamu ’n-nabīyīn). This hadith is narrated with similar wording in
2352:
A Dictionary of Islam: Being a Cyclopædia of the Doctrines, Rites, Ceremonies, and Customs, Together with the Technical and Theological Terms, of the Muhammadan Religion
2482:
2633:
2603:
2554:
1436:
The khitām of a group of people, the khātim of them, or the khātam of them, is the last of them, according to al-Lihyani. And Muhammad is khātim of the prophets.
3036:
2356:
K͟HĀTIMU 'N-NABĪYĪN (خاتم النبيين). "The seal of the Prophets." A title assumed by Muhammad in the Qur'ān. Surah xxxiii. 40: "He is the Apostle of God and the
1735:
and as the Seal of the Prophets, but does not believe Revelation or Scripture from God has ended. In particular, Baháʼís regard the end-times prophecies of
1166:
Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Messenger of Allah, and the Seal of the Prophets: and Allah has full knowledge of all things.
1732:
1549:
The first modern academic to have studied in detail the history of the doctrine of finality of prophethood is Yohanan Friedmann. In his seminal article,
1352:
narrated a variant wording of the hadith with the last statement being, "So I am that , I am the seal of the prophets, there is no prophet after me" (
1456:
Khātam: The last of a people, like khātim. And with this definition is the saying in the Qur'an, "khātam of the prophets," that is, the last of them.
1749:
820:
2922:[National Assembly: Resolution passed to write 'Khatam-un-Nabiyyin' with the name of Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) in textbooks].
1183:
There is a difference among the schools of Qur'anic recitation regarding the reading of the word خاتم in verse 33:40 – it can be read as either
3001:
88:
1546:, the traditional Muslim belief that Muhammad is "last and greatest of the prophets" is most likely based on a later interpretation of 33:40.
707:
232:
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1845:
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there will be thirty liars, each of whom will claim to be a prophet, (but) I am the seal of the prophets, there is no prophet after me."
1612:
3520:
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412:
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1313:, and others, Muhammad compared the relationship between himself and the previous prophets to a building missing a single brick. In
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it is asserted that "Every claim to the prophetic office after his is a delusion and a wandering desire." In another popular work,
197:
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Stremlau, Nicole. "Governance without Government in the Somali territories." Journal of International Affairs 71.2 (2018): 73-89.
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1539:: the last prophet or the one who confirms the authenticity of the previous prophets. Heinrich Speyer agreed with Horovitz.
225:
159:
3086:"Sindh Assembly unanimously passes resolution to make it mandatory to write Khatam-un-Nabiyyin with Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH)"
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756:
135:
1957:
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The title is generally regarded by Muslims as meaning that Muhammad is the last in the series of prophets beginning with
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1944:
1892:
1861:
1493:
788:
2239:
2189:
2007:
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1757:, which is stated by Bahá'is to have begun approximately 6,000 years ago, and the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh as starting the
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662:
279:
130:
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and Ayn regions of northern Somalia, claims its title is derived from the Quranic injunction of Khatam an-Nabiyyin.
3330:
Letter written on behalf of the Universal House of Justice to an individual believer, 13 March 1986. Published in
3249:
Persecution of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan: An Analysis Under International Law and International Relations
3164:
2949:
1778:
throne of the 'last'." In summary, these interpretive and legal differences have caused the Bahá'ís to be seen as
875:
1464:
And among the names of the Prophet are khātam and khātim, and he is the one who sealed prophethood by his coming.
1356:). Ibn Hibban also has a variant ending with "I was the place of that brick, with me the messengers is sealed" (
970:
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274:
2215:
902:
702:
1290:
31:
2927:
2435:
Yasin, R. Cecep Lukan (18 February 2010). "The Twelver Shi'i Understanding on the Finality of Prophethood".
1685:
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holds that the finality of prophethood is a Qur'anic idea, not a post-Qur'anic one, and that the expression
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337:
239:
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1906:
1744:
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2285:(in Arabic). Vol. 32 (1st ed.). Kuwayt : al-Majlis al-Waṭanī lith-Thaqāfah wa’l-Funūn wa’l-Ādāb.
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30:
This article is about the title of Muhammad. For the related name of the mole on his shoulderblade, see
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3194:, The Promised Mehdi and Messiha, by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited
3204:
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The recitation that has become prevalent in most of the world today is Hafs 'an 'Asim – that is, the
148:
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2511:
A Commentary on the Creed of Islam: Sa'd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī on the Creed of Najm al-Dīn al-Nasafī
2976:"NA Passes Historic Resolution To Write 'Khatam-Un-Nabiyyin' With Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) Name"
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2540:
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1938:
1886:
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1414:, among whom are four women, (but) I am the seal of the prophets, there is no prophet after me".
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35:
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2920:"قومی اسمبلی: نصابی کتب میں حضرت محمدﷺ کے نام کیساتھ خاتم النبیین لکھنے کی قرارداد منظور"
2742:
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in textbooks and official documents where previously it was passed on 15 June in the
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990:
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855:
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3147:
Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and its Medieval Background
2770:
Proceedings of the 25th Congress of L’Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants
1379:
has from Jabir, "So I am the place of that brick, with me the prophets is sealed" (
3178:
3160:
2448:
2292:
p.48: ومن أسمائه صلى الله عليه وسلم الخاتَم والخاتِم وهو الذي خَتَم النبوة بمَجِيئه
1322:
1278:
1152:
1148:
1041:
997:
734:
466:
455:
374:
269:
3336:
1575:
considers the phrase to mean that Muhammad's "imprint on history is as final as a
1526:
is not Arabic…do not seem valid arguments against the authenticity of the verse."
1310:
3410:
3220:
1514:
doubted the authenticity of the verse 33:40 and claimed it to be of late origin.
3002:"NA passes resolution to write 'Khatam-un-Nabiyeen' with name of Prophet (PBUH)"
1349:
1302:
1158:
The title is applied to Muhammad in verse 33:40 of the Qur'an, with the popular
793:
751:
675:
284:
3425:
2836:"Muhammad Is Not the Father of Any of Your Men: The Making of the Last Prophet"
1779:
1229:
2895:"Punjab Assembly for display of Quranic verses on prophethood in govt offices"
2490:
2252:
1503:, it is stated, "The first of the prophets is Adam and the last is Muhammad."
1491:) explicitly mention the doctrine of finality of prophethood. For example, in
1477:. The belief that a new prophet cannot arise after Muhammad is shared by both
1429:
1398:(community) unite with the idolaters, and until they worship idols. And in my
798:
2852:
2835:
2811:
Muḥammad is Not the Father of Any of Your Men: The Making of the Last Prophet
2261:(in Arabic). Vol. 15. Būlāq, Miṣr : al-Maṭba‘ah al-Mīrīyah. p. 55.
1657:
provincial assembly recommended inclusion of oath of Khatm-i-Nabuwat in the
3499:
1669:
1591:
697:
1136:
2289:
p.45: والخاتَم آخر القوم كالخاتِم ومنه قوله تعالى وخاتم النبيين أي أخرهم
1646:
1482:
1007:
975:
689:
623:
55:
1739:(and other faiths) as being both metaphorical and literal, and see the
1708:
1665:
1140:
840:
517:
302:
264:
1822:
Friedmann, Yohanan (1986). "Finality of Prophethood in Sunni Islam".
1700:
1673:
1487:
1485:
Muslims. Some of the most prominent historical Sunni texts on creed (
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860:
850:
639:
607:
599:
584:
578:
462:
312:
107:
76:
3179:"Finality of Prophethood | Hadhrat Muhammad (PUBH) the Last Prophet"
3161:"Finality of Prophethood | Hadhrat Muhammad (PUBH) the Last Prophet"
3111:
2894:
2387:(1910). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp.
1740:
3470:
3444:
3280:
2869:"Punjab Assembly backs including Khatm-i-Nabuwat oath in nikahnama"
2868:
2679:
2166:
2149:
1522:
is unusual, that it only appears once in the Qur'an, that the word
3112:"Punjab Assembly backs Khatm-i-Nabuwat oath in marriage documents"
1973:
1736:
1712:
1704:
1478:
1394:
1002:
880:
571:
529:
522:
445:
437:
155:
2950:"NA unanimously adopts resolution regarding 'Khatam-un-Nabiyeen'"
2919:
2090:
1990:
3205:‘The Relativity of Categorizing in the Context of the Aḥmadiyya’
2768:
An edited version of an article that originally appeared in the
2462:
Elder, E.E. (1933). "Al-Ṭaḥāwī's 'Bayān al-Sunna wa'l-Jamā'a'".
1219:
1197:(readings, methods of recitation) regarded as authentic – seven
631:
539:
307:
2788:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 80.
1603:
in the sense of confirmation alone, without that of finality."
3335:; The Universal House of Justice (1983). Hornby, Helen (ed.).
2785:
Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the Contemporary World
1529:
Frants Buhl accepted the traditional meaning of last prophet.
3426:"Personal Interpretation of the term 'Seal of the Prophets'"
1558:
earliest." Due to this Friedmann states that the meaning of
3368:
The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh, Volume 2: Adrianople 1863–68
1358:
fakuntu anā mawḍi‘u tilka ’l-labinah, khutima biya ’r-rusul
3341:. Baháʼí Publishing Trust, New Delhi, India. p. 500.
2707:
The succession to Muhammad: a study of the early Caliphate
2360:." By which is meant, that he is the last of the Prophets.
1960:(Corroborating narrations for this hadith). Islamweb.com.
3222:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought
2684:
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft
2680:"The Seal of the Prophets and the Finality of Prophecy"
2383:. Translated by Andras and Ruth Hamori from the German
1354:
fa’anā dhālika, anā khātamu ’n-nabīyīn, lā nabīya ba‘dī
3394:"A Baháʼí Approach to the Claim of Finality in Islam"
2893:
Reporter, The Newspaper's Staff (29 September 2021).
2710:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 17.
2481:
1907:"Comparison of Ayat by Riwayat – Surah al-Ahzab v.30"
2325:
Mir, Mustansir (1987). "Seal of the Prophets, The".
1569:
as Muslims have commonly understood it ever since."
1562:
in its original Qur'anic context is still in doubt.
1124:
1098:
27:
Title used in the Qur'an and by Muslims for Muhammad
3110:Reporter, The Newspaper's Staff (27 October 2021).
2484:متن العقيدة الطحاوية / Matn al-'Aqīdah aṭ-Ṭaḥāwīyah
1518:states that Hirschfeld's arguments "that the title
2813:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
2741:. The Institute of Ismaili Studies. Archived from
2376:
1769:) to the Báb, and the "Sender of the Messengers" (
1640:
1381:fa’anā mawḍi‘u ’l-labinah, khutima biya ’l-anbiyā’
2311:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 171.
1227:) with the exception of 'Asim, who reads with a
2515:. New York: Columbia University Press. p.
2424:. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan. p. 37.
1462:
1454:
1434:
1164:
3236:"In Pakistan, most say Ahmadis are not Muslim"
3225:, Princeton: Princeton University Press, p.25
2329:. New York: Garland Publishing. p. 171.
1061:
406:
8:
3281:"Gleanings from the Writings of Baha'u'llah"
3059:"Sindh Assembly passes unanimous resolution"
3029:"Sindh Assembly passes unanimous resolution"
3392:Seena Fazel and Khazeh Fananapazir (1993).
3338:Lights of Guidance: A Baháʼí Reference File
2729:
2727:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
3371:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. p. 352.
2632:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2602:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2553:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2422:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
1535:suggested two possible interpretations of
1422:According to the authoritative dictionary
1068:
1054:
424:
413:
399:
42:
3409:
2851:
2327:Dictionary of Qur’ānic Terms and Concepts
18:Khātam al-Nabiyyīn (Seal of the Prophets)
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2379:Introduction to Islamic Theology and Law
1839:
1837:
1786:by some Muslims, which has led to their
1707:in 1889, is believed to be the promised
3192:The Question of Finality of Prophethood
1799:
436:
54:
3150:Oxford University Press, 2003 p 119-46
2759:
2748:
2739:"Social Legislation in Surat al-Ahzab"
2625:
2622:(in German). Berlin. pp. 422–423.
2595:
2546:
2466:. Princeton University Press: 129–144.
2437:Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies
2273:
2271:
1936:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1884:
1853:
1551:Finality of Prophethood in Sunni Islam
3469:Baha'u'llah, Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri.
3443:Baha'u'llah, Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri.
3305:Baha'u'llah, Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri.
3279:Baha'u'llah, Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri.
1824:Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam
1410:there will be twenty-seven liars and
1211:– all read خاتم in this verse with a
7:
3307:"Commentary of the Surah of the Sun"
2354:. London: W. H. Allen. p. 270.
2307:, ed. (2003). "Khatam al-Nabiyyin".
1264:(transmission) of his student Hafs.
2620:Die Biblischen Erzählungen im Qoran
1630:
1613:Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme Nabuwwat
1406:reports that Muhammad said, "In my
1277:In a well-known hadith reported by
1114:
1088:
1847:Jami' al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an
25:
3262:Eight die in Pakistan Sect Attack
3039:from the original on 16 June 2020
2930:from the original on 22 June 2020
2834:Hawting, G.R. (1 February 2011).
2464:The Macdonald Presentation Volume
1672:and centred on the Sool, central
1625:made it mandatory that the term (
1143:to designate the Islamic prophet
3498:
3257:Violent Dhaka Rally against Sect
3084:Mehmood, Shahid (15 June 2020).
2592:(in German). Berlin. p. 53.
2536:Beiträge zur Erklärung des Ḳorān
2495:وكل دعوى النبوة بعده فغَيٌّ وهوى
2416:Martin, Richard C., ed. (2004).
1773:) to himself. Additionally, the
1035:
444:
380:
368:
3267:Sect offices closed in Pakistan
1249:(aberrant) recitation, is also
2539:(in German). Leipzig. p.
2449:10.14421/ajis.2010.481.129-164
2309:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
2165:. Kitab al-Fitan wal-Malahim.
1699:, who founded the movement in
1:
3181:. Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.
3252:Harvard Human Rights Journal
3027:Samar, Azim (16 June 2020).
2867:Web Desk (27 October 2021).
2478:Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad aṭ-Ṭaḥāwī
2129:Musnad Abi Dawud at-Tayalisi
2258:لسان العرب / Lisān al-'Arab
1878:al-Jami' al-Ahkam al-Qur'an
1641:
1125:
1099:
619:("Stories of the Prophets")
280:Hadith of the pen and paper
34:. For his signet-ring, see
3542:
3219:G. Böwering et al. (2013)
3165:Ahmadiyya Muslim Community
2385:Vorlesungen über den Islam
2186:; Abu Dawud as-Sijistani,
1683:
1645:) be added to the name of
1610:
1507:Western Orientalists views
1469:Traditional interpretation
29:
3521:Quranic words and phrases
3398:Journal of Baháʼí Studies
2926:(in Urdu). 22 June 2020.
2809:Powers, David S. (2009).
2618:Speyer, Heinrich (1931).
2590:Koranische Untersuchungen
2283:تاج العروس / Tāj al-'Arūs
1695:any new law or religion.
1135:) is a title used in the
3411:10.31581/jbs-5.3.2(1993)
3254:, Vol 16, September 2003
2853:10.1163/156851910X538396
2489:(in Arabic) – via
2161:Abu Dawud as-Sijistani.
1943:: CS1 maint: location (
1891:: CS1 maint: location (
1860:: CS1 maint: location (
1790:in different countries.
1680:Ahmadiyya interpretation
1668:administration based in
708:Medieval Islamic science
2840:Islamic Law and Society
2782:Ernst, Carl W. (2003).
2212:Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal
2127:Abu Dawud at-Tayalisi,
2112:Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal
2020:Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal
1686:Prophethood (Ahmadiyya)
1500:al-Aqidah an-Nasafiyyah
1494:al-Aqidah at-Tahawiyyah
1329:Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal
89:After Conquest of Mecca
3503:Quotations related to
2758:Cite journal requires
2344:Hughes, Thomas Patrick
1731:regards Muhammad as a
1623:Government of Pakistan
1466:
1458:
1442:
1404:Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman
1176:
718:Succession to Muhammad
275:Companions of Muhammad
113:Milestones and records
3203:Andrea Lathan (2008)
2654:Encyclopedia of Islam
2571:Encyclopedia of Islam
2569:Buhl, F. "Muhammad".
2348:"K͟HĀTIMU 'N-NABĪYĪN"
1972:. Kitab al-Manaqib.
1621:On 22 June 2020, the
1371:Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi
1160:Yusuf Ali translation
175:Splitting of the Moon
32:Shama'il Muhammadiyah
3505:Seal of the Prophets
3238:. 10 September 2013.
2507:Elder, E.E. (1950).
2358:seal of the Prophets
2110:; Ahmad ibn Hanbal,
2089:, Kitab al-Fada'il,
2018:; Ahmad ibn Hanbal,
1989:, Kitab al-Fada'il,
1753:, also known as the
1733:Manifestation of God
1299:Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
1273:Final brick metaphor
1149:last of the prophets
1081:Seal of the Prophets
757:Association football
387:Biography portal
3208:Die Welt des Islams
3144:Yohanan Friedmann.
2745:on 12 October 2014.
2678:Rubin, Uri (2014).
2638:Cited by Friedmann.
2608:Cited by Friedmann.
2575:Cited by Friedmann.
2559:Cited by Friedmann.
2531:Hirschfeld, Hartwig
1881:(in Arabic). 33:40.
1850:(in Arabic). 33:40.
1763:Cycle of Fulfilment
1719:for their beliefs.
1692:Ahmadiyya Community
1291:Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri
1283:Jabir ibn Abd Allah
518:Profession of Faith
491:Day of Resurrection
331:Al-Masjid an-Nabawi
96:Farewell Pilgrimage
3526:Titles of Muhammad
2210:Ahmad ibn Hanbal,
2148:. Kitab al-Fitan.
1697:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
1653:. In October 2021
1601:khatam an-nabiyyin
1596:khatam an-nabiyyin
1560:khatam an-nabiyyin
1555:khatam an-nabiyyin
1537:khatam an-nabiyyin
1520:khatam an-nabiyyin
1512:Hartwig Hirschfeld
1418:Classical lexicons
1338:of al-Nasa'i, and
1293:, and recorded by
1241:). The reading of
233:Medieval Christian
3430:bahai-library.com
3311:bahai-library.com
2735:Madelung, Wilferd
2702:Madelung, Wilferd
2375:(1981). "Sects".
2305:Esposito, John L.
2188:Sunan Abi Dawud,
2180:Jami' at-Tirmidhi
2146:Jami' at-Tirmidhi
1723:Baháʼí Faith view
1639:
1607:Official mandates
1516:Yohanan Friedmann
1335:as-Sunan al-Kubra
1127:khātam al-anbiyā’
1123:
1105:khātim an-nabīyīn
1101:khātam an-nabīyīn
1097:
1078:
1077:
423:
422:
16:(Redirected from
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3363:Taherzadeh, Adib
3359:
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3006:DialoguePakistan
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2373:Goldziher, Ignác
2369:
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2295:
2286:
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2249:
2243:
2236:Mushkil al-Athar
2208:
2202:
2194:Sahih Ibn Hibban
2176:
2170:
2159:
2153:
2142:
2136:
2125:
2119:
2100:
2094:
2083:
2077:
2070:Sahih Ibn Hibban
2066:
2060:
2049:
2043:
2036:Sahih Ibn Hibban
2004:Sahih al-Bukhari
2000:
1994:
1983:
1977:
1970:Sahih al-Bukhari
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1915:
1914:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1882:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1859:
1851:
1841:
1832:
1831:
1819:
1659:Nikah (marriage)
1655:Punjab, Pakistan
1644:
1642:Khátaman Nabiyín
1634:
1632:
1566:Wilferd Madelung
1341:Sahih Ibn Hibban
1316:Sahih al-Bukhari
1307:Ahmad ibn Hanbal
1260:of 'Asim in the
1174:
1134:
1131:khātim al-anbiyā
1118:
1116:
1108:
1092:
1090:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1042:Islam portal
1040:
1039:
1038:
448:
425:
415:
408:
401:
385:
384:
383:
375:Islam portal
373:
372:
371:
355:History of Islam
160:First revelation
43:
36:Seal of Muhammad
21:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3532:
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3530:
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3495:
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3391:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3349:
3333:Effendi, Shoghi
3331:
3329:
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3304:
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3299:
3289:
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3159:
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3094:
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2677:
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2661:
2656:(new ed.).
2647:
2646:
2642:
2624:
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2616:
2612:
2594:
2586:Horovitz, Josef
2584:
2583:
2579:
2573:. p. 650a.
2568:
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2276:
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2251:
2250:
2246:
2228:Mu'jam al-Kabir
2220:Mu'jam al-Awsat
2218:; at-Tabarani,
2209:
2205:
2177:
2173:
2163:Sunan Abi Dawud
2160:
2156:
2143:
2139:
2126:
2122:
2101:
2097:
2084:
2080:
2067:
2063:
2053:Mu'jam al-Awsat
2050:
2046:
2001:
1997:
1984:
1980:
1968:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1935:
1931:Durr al-Manthur
1928:
1927:
1918:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1835:
1821:
1820:
1801:
1796:
1771:mursil al-rusul
1767:sultán al-rusul
1755:Prophetic cycle
1725:
1688:
1682:
1664:Similarly, the
1615:
1609:
1544:Alford T. Welch
1509:
1471:
1420:
1389:
1346:Mu'jam al-Awsat
1275:
1270:
1181:
1179:Term variations
1175:
1170:
1074:
1036:
1034:
1027:
1026:
971:Other religions
966:Arabic language
928:
918:
917:
846:Moral teachings
737:
723:
722:
713:Spread of Islam
658:
648:
647:
635:(jurisprudence)
617:Qisas al-Anbiya
566:
565:
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419:
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188:
180:
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168:Isra and Mi'raj
151:
141:
140:
126:
118:
117:
100:Farewell Sermon
67:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3539:
3537:
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3528:
3523:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3494:
3493:External links
3491:
3488:
3487:
3471:"Kitab-i-Iqan"
3461:
3445:"Kitab-i-Iqan"
3435:
3417:
3384:
3377:
3354:
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3271:
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3196:
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3128:
3102:
3076:
3065:. 16 June 2020
3050:
3019:
3008:. 23 June 2020
2993:
2982:. 23 June 2020
2967:
2956:. 23 June 2020
2941:
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2859:
2846:(1): 116–119.
2826:
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2760:|journal=
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2294:
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2290:
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2244:
2242:, Islamweb.net
2203:
2200:, Islamweb.net
2192:; Ibn Hibban,
2171:
2154:
2137:
2135:, Islamweb.net
2120:
2118:, Islamweb.net
2095:
2078:
2076:, Islamweb.net
2061:
2059:, Islamweb.net
2044:
2042:, Islamweb.net
2034:; Ibn Hibban,
2028:Sunan al-Kubra
1995:
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1950:
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1684:Main article:
1681:
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1651:Sindh Assembly
1608:
1605:
1585:Gerald Hawting
1579:on a letter."
1533:Josef Horovitz
1508:
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1388:
1385:
1287:Ubayy ibn Ka'b
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2538:
2537:
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2512:
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2500:
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2492:
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2442:
2438:
2431:
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2423:
2419:
2412:
2409:
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2400:
2398:9780691100999
2394:
2390:
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2368:
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2361:
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2328:
2321:
2318:
2314:
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2306:
2300:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2234:; at-Tahawi,
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2181:
2178:at-Tirmidhi,
2175:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2144:at-Tirmidhi.
2141:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2051:at-Tabarani,
2048:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2026:; an-Nasa'i,
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1932:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1849:
1848:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
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1637:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1573:Carl W. Ernst
1570:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1542:According to
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
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1506:
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1502:
1501:
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1495:
1490:
1489:
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1476:
1468:
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1457:
1453:
1451:
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1444:According to
1441:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1425:Lisan al-Arab
1417:
1415:
1413:
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1384:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
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1337:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1325:
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1272:
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1222:
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1216:
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1210:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1191:. Of the ten
1190:
1186:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1115:خاتم الأنبياء
1112:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1086:
1082:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
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999:
996:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
982:
979:
977:
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972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
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939:
936:
934:
931:
930:
927:
922:
921:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
897:
894:
893:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
881:Proselytizing
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
790:
789:Denominations
787:
783:
780:
779:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
736:
732:
727:
726:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
695:
692:
691:
687:
685:
684:
680:
678:
677:
673:
672:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
657:
652:
651:
644:
642:
638:
636:
634:
630:
629:
625:
622:
620:
618:
614:
612:
610:
606:
604:
602:
598:
597:
593:
592:
587:
586:
581:
580:
576:
574:
573:
569:
568:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
549:
548:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
512:
507:
506:
499:
496:
495:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
468:
464:
461:
460:
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452:
451:
447:
443:
442:
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426:
416:
411:
409:
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402:
397:
396:
394:
393:
388:
378:
376:
366:
365:
364:
363:
356:
353:
352:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
335:
332:
329:
328:
322:
321:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
300:
294:
293:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
262:
259:
254:
253:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
234:
231:
230:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
207:
206:
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
184:
183:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
165:
161:
157:
154:
153:
150:
145:
144:
137:
134:
132:
129:
128:
122:
121:
114:
111:
109:
106:
105:
101:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
69:
66:
61:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
44:
41:
37:
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19:
3507:at Wikiquote
3478:. Retrieved
3474:
3464:
3452:. Retrieved
3448:
3438:
3429:
3420:
3404:(3): 17–40.
3401:
3397:
3387:
3367:
3357:
3337:
3326:
3314:. Retrieved
3310:
3300:
3288:. Retrieved
3284:
3274:
3251:
3244:
3230:
3221:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3187:
3173:
3155:
3146:
3140:
3131:
3119:. Retrieved
3115:
3105:
3093:. Retrieved
3089:
3079:
3067:. Retrieved
3062:
3053:
3041:. Retrieved
3032:
3022:
3010:. Retrieved
3005:
2996:
2984:. Retrieved
2979:
2970:
2958:. Retrieved
2953:
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2923:
2914:
2902:. Retrieved
2898:
2888:
2876:. Retrieved
2872:
2862:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2810:
2804:
2784:
2777:
2769:
2751:cite journal
2743:the original
2706:
2696:
2687:
2683:
2653:
2652:"Muhammad".
2643:
2619:
2613:
2589:
2580:
2570:
2564:
2535:
2525:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2483:
2472:
2463:
2457:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2421:
2411:
2402:
2384:
2378:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2338:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2312:
2308:
2299:
2282:
2262:
2257:
2247:
2235:
2227:
2219:
2211:
2206:
2195:
2187:
2179:
2174:
2169:. Sunnah.com
2162:
2157:
2152:. Sunnah.com
2145:
2140:
2128:
2123:
2111:
2104:Sahih Muslim
2103:
2098:
2093:, Sunnah.com
2087:Sahih Muslim
2086:
2081:
2069:
2068:Ibn Hibban,
2064:
2052:
2047:
2035:
2027:
2019:
2012:Sahih Muslim
2011:
2003:
2002:al-Bukhari,
1998:
1993:, Sunnah.com
1987:Sahih Muslim
1986:
1981:
1976:. Sunnah.com
1969:
1965:
1953:
1930:
1913:(in Arabic).
1910:
1901:
1877:
1875:al-Qurtubi.
1870:
1846:
1827:
1823:
1775:Kitáb-i-Íqán
1770:
1766:
1762:
1759:Baháʼí cycle
1758:
1754:
1750:Adamic cycle
1748:
1729:Baháʼí Faith
1726:
1689:
1663:
1631:خاتم النبیین
1620:
1616:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1581:
1571:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1510:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1472:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1443:
1437:
1435:
1423:
1421:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1387:Other hadith
1380:
1374:
1366:Musnad Ahmad
1365:
1362:Sahih Muslim
1361:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1323:Sahih Muslim
1321:
1314:
1279:Abu Hurayrah
1276:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1200:
1198:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1172:Qur'an 33:40
1165:
1157:
1130:
1126:
1104:
1100:
1089:خاتم النبيين
1080:
1079:
998:Islamophobia
777:Demographics
772:Circumcision
688:
681:
674:
640:
632:
616:
608:
600:
589:
583:
577:
570:
270:Ghadir Khumm
210:Perspectives
40:
2690:(1): 65–96.
2650:Welch, A.T.
1929:as-Suyuti.
1844:at-Tabari.
1788:persecution
1745:Bahá'u'lláh
1717:persecution
1661:documents.
1446:Taj al-Arus
1350:al-Tabarani
1303:al-Tirmidhi
1013:Laws of war
676:Ahl al-Bayt
561:Foundations
338:Possessions
285:Ahl al-Bayt
240:Historicity
3515:Categories
3269:, BBC News
3264:, BBC News
3259:, BBC News
3121:28 October
2904:28 October
2878:28 October
2648:Buhl, F.;
2491:Wikisource
2253:Ibn Manẓūr
2010:; Muslim,
1911:nQuran.com
1830:: 177–215.
1794:References
1611:See also:
1438:At-Tahdhib
1430:Ibn Manzur
1295:al-Bukhari
1205:and three
866:Philosophy
603:(exegesis)
540:Pilgrimage
530:Almsgiving
258:Succession
198:Christians
136:Diplomatic
3475:bahai.org
3449:bahai.org
3285:bahai.org
2628:cite book
2598:cite book
2549:cite book
2281:(2000) .
2279:al-Zabīdī
2255:(1883) .
2167:Hadith 13
2150:Hadith 62
2091:Hadith 26
1991:Hadith 24
1974:Hadith 44
1939:cite book
1887:cite book
1856:cite book
1784:apostates
1670:Buuhoodle
1636:romanized
1592:Uri Rubin
1460:Further,
1450:al-Zabidi
1311:al-Nasa'i
1201:mutawātir
1162:reading:
1120:romanized
1094:romanized
986:terrorism
938:Criticism
891:Sexuality
861:Mysticism
831:Festivals
811:Education
806:Economics
742:Academics
698:Caliphate
511:Practices
245:Criticism
3480:30 March
3454:30 March
3365:(1977).
3316:30 March
3290:17 April
3116:DAWN.COM
3037:Archived
3033:The News
2928:Archived
2899:DAWN.COM
2772:in 2013.
2737:(2014).
2704:(1997).
2588:(1926).
2533:(1886).
2404:mankind.
2346:(1885).
2102:Muslim,
2085:Muslim,
1985:Muslim,
1933:. 33:40.
1780:heretics
1647:Muhammad
1577:wax seal
1243:al-Hasan
1237:(خاتَم,
1223:(خاتِم,
1169:—
1151:sent by
1145:Muhammad
1022:Glossary
1008:Jihadism
981:Violence
976:Islamism
947:Muhammad
933:Apostasy
876:Politics
826:Feminism
821:Exorcism
782:Diaspora
767:Children
762:Calendar
690:Rashidun
668:Muhammad
663:Timeline
624:Mathnawi
486:Prophets
430:a series
428:Part of
149:Miracles
131:Military
56:Muhammad
48:a series
46:Part of
3095:24 June
3069:24 June
3043:24 June
3012:24 June
2986:24 June
2960:24 June
2934:24 June
1958:الشواهد
1709:Messiah
1666:Khatumo
1638::
1412:dajjals
1373:in his
1262:riwāyah
1258:qirā’ah
1247:shadhdh
1233:on the
1217:on the
1208:mashhūr
1194:qirā’āt
1147:as the
1141:Muslims
1139:and by
1122::
1096::
903:Slavery
886:Science
841:Madrasa
836:Finance
747:Animals
735:society
731:Culture
703:Imamate
683:Sahabah
656:History
626:(Poems)
611:(creed)
535:Fasting
463:Oneness
456:Beliefs
325:Related
303:Salawat
265:Saqifah
226:Judaism
3375:
3345:
3090:92News
2980:Parhlo
2954:MMNews
2873:Aaj.tv
2817:
2792:
2714:
2486:
2418:"'Ali"
2395:
2391:–221.
2216:#22747
2116:#14593
2032:#10907
1701:Qadian
1674:Sanaag
1524:khatam
1488:aqidah
1376:Musnad
1360:). In
1289:, and
1268:Hadith
1251:khātam
1239:khātam
1230:fatḥah
1225:khātim
1214:kasrah
1189:khātam
1185:khātim
1137:Qur'an
1111:Arabic
1085:Arabic
957:Hadith
871:Poetry
851:Mosque
816:Ethics
641:Sharia
609:Aqidah
601:Tafsir
585:Hadith
579:Sunnah
523:Prayer
474:Angels
343:Relics
313:Mawlid
297:Praise
125:Career
108:Hadith
82:Medina
77:Hijrah
2443:(1).
2240:#2493
2232:#2957
2224:#5596
2198:#7395
2190:#3712
2184:#2149
2133:#1884
2108:#4247
2074:#6543
2057:#3382
2040:#6541
2024:#8959
2016:#4246
2008:#3293
1761:, or
1737:Islam
1713:Mahdi
1705:India
1483:Shi'a
1479:Sunni
1408:ummah
1400:ummah
1395:ummah
1344:. In
1109:; or
1003:Jihad
952:Quran
913:Women
856:Music
794:Sunni
643:(law)
591:Sirah
572:Quran
556:Texts
438:Islam
221:Bible
216:Islam
187:Views
156:Quran
72:Mecca
3482:2017
3456:2017
3373:ISBN
3343:ISBN
3318:2017
3292:2017
3123:2021
3097:2020
3071:2020
3045:2020
3014:2020
2988:2020
2962:2020
2936:2020
2906:2021
2880:2021
2815:ISBN
2790:ISBN
2764:help
2712:ISBN
2634:link
2604:link
2555:link
2393:ISBN
1945:link
1893:link
1862:link
1782:and
1743:and
1727:The
1711:and
1690:The
1627:Urdu
1481:and
1475:Adam
1364:and
1245:, a
896:LGBT
799:Shia
733:and
633:Fiqh
348:Seal
308:Naat
193:Jews
65:Life
3406:doi
2924:جنگ
2848:doi
2688:164
2517:130
2445:doi
2389:220
1741:Báb
1448:of
1428:of
1383:).
1235:tāʼ
1220:tāʼ
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1129:or
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752:Art
467:God
465:of
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2543:.
2519:.
2451:.
2447::
1947:)
1895:)
1864:)
1828:7
1083:(
1069:e
1062:t
1055:v
594:)
582:(
414:e
407:t
400:v
162:)
158:(
102:)
98:(
38:.
20:)
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