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with Kh-20 took 22 hours and the first-generation thermonuclear warheads were difficult to store which made them unsuitable for first-response weapons. Therefore, Kh-20 was relegated to secondary strikes against targets surviving the initial attack and against aircraft carrier groups. Arming time was
456:
The first launch was unsuccessful and range and accuracy did not meet expectations. This was in part because the warhead and the guidance system weight exceeded projected limits. Government trials took place between
October 15, 1958, and November 1, 1959, and consisted of 16 launches of which 11 were
448:
484:
for Kh-20 was unsuccessful because of the missile's large size. High-altitude supersonic target M-20 was also abandoned due to high cost. By the late 1970s, Kh-20 no longer had the performance required to penetrate enemy air defenses and it was replaced by
457:
considered successful although accuracy still left much to be desired. Kh-20 entered service in 1960. The production version, designated Kh-20M, featured an improved nuclear warhead. The arsenal initially consisted of two Kh-20 per
2165:
433:
fighters designated SM-20/I and SM-20/II for mothership-missile interface and airborne launch testing, and SM-K/I and SM-K/II for guidance system and ground launch testing. First SM-20/I launch from
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eventually reduced to 4 hours and reliability was improved. The weakest link of the Kh-20 remained its guidance system and good accuracy required manual guidance which was vulnerable to jamming.
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Kh-20 was initially intended for retaliation strikes against major targets in the United States. However, arming a
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K was made in the fall of 1956. One of the greatest challenges in the early development was starting the missile's
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engine after prolonged flight in the very cold upper atmosphere. Kh-20 began flight testing on March 17, 1958.
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K missile carriers in 1955. Initial testing of the missile systems was performed using four specially modified
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Healey, John K. (January–February 2004). "Retired
Warriors: 'Cold War' Bomber Legacy".
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strategic bomber. Development began in 1954, drawing on experience with
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KD. This number was later reduced to one missile per aircraft.
584:
15:
317:
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K, which amounted to 130 missiles for approximately 40
560:
Cruise ceiling: Target-dependent, up to 20,000 m
566:
Guidance: Inertial with remote correction over radio
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Soviet/Russian
Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
612:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
489:(NATO designation AS-4 Kitchen) by mid-1980s.
2159:
715:
391:. The Kh-20 was designed to be air-launched.
8:
2831:Air-to-surface missiles of the Soviet Union
2821:Nuclear cruise missiles of the Soviet Union
2841:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s
2562:
2192:
2166:
2152:
2144:
1550:
1222:
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708:
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304:380 to 600 kilometres (240 to 370 mi)
120:
666:. Hinckley, England: Midland Publishing.
643:Learn how and when to remove this message
211:12,000 kg (26,000 lb) at launch
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
7:
515:were the only operator of the Kh-20.
44:adding citations to reliable sources
2826:Cruise missiles of the Soviet Union
235:1.81 m (5 ft 11 in)
14:
687:. No. 109. pp. 75–79.
589:
499:
135:
20:
31:needs additional citations for
312:20,000 m (66,000 ft)
282:67.1 kN (15,100 lbf)
1:
540:Launch weight: 12,000 kg
537:Empty weight: 5,878 kg
452:A Kh-20 missile on display.
383:which was developed by the
377:air launched cruise missile
219:14.95 m (49.0 ft)
2857:
243:9.15 m (30.0 ft)
1811:SS-N-3a Shaddock 3b Sepal
265:
227:3.02 m (9.9 ft)
155:Place of origin
134:
598:This article includes a
627:more precise citations.
569:Warhead: 2,300 kg
203:Specifications (Kh-20M)
662:Gordon, Yefim (2004).
563:Range: 380–600 km
453:
118:Nuclear cruise missile
1651:SS-14 Scamp/Scapegoat
1345:SA-23 Gladiator/Giant
1290:SA-12 Gladiator/Giant
531:Diameter: 1.81 m
525:Wingspan: 9.15 m
451:
381:thermonuclear warhead
252:Thermonuclear warhead
2071:SSC-8 Stone KB 9M729
2068:SSC-7 Stone KS 9M728
528:Length: 14.95 m
480:An attempt to adapt
40:improve this article
2836:MKB Raduga products
2031:SSC-2 Salish/Samlet
1935:SS-N-25 Switchblade
1741:SS-X-32Zh Scalpel B
534:Height: 3.02 m
369:NATO reporting name
600:list of references
454:
425:were converted to
188:Production history
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2804:
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2797:RShR-57/OKB-15-57
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2181:aircraft ordnance
2141:
2140:
2137:
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1930:SS-NX-24 Scorpion
1894:SS-N-19 Shipwreck
1844:SS-N-7 Starbright
1532:
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1182:'Avtonomya' IR FF
653:
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513:Soviet Air Forces
361:
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338:Inertial guidance
182:Soviet Air Forces
129:
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2154:
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2119:SSC-X-9 Stone AN
2077:Klub N/M 3M14/54
2059:SSC-X-5 Scorpion
1940:SS-N-26 Strobile
1899:SS-N-20 Sturgeon
1889:SS-N-18 Stingray
1879:SS-N-16 Stallion
1874:SS-N-15 Starfish
1821:SS-N-5 Sark/Serb
1806:SS-N-3c Shaddock
1752:SS-X-33 Stone AN
1736:SS-X-31 Sickle D
1691:SS-22 Scaleboard
1636:SS-12 Scaleboard
1551:
1461:SA-N-20 Gargoyle
1395:SA-N-2 Guideline
1223:
1186:Hermes A/M/K ATS
1059:AS-X-36 Stone AH
1023:AS-28 Strobile A
731:NATO designation
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623:this article by
614:inline citations
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405:was designed by
342:command guidance
319:
261:0.3-3.0 megatons
258:Blast yield
197:Mikhail Gurevich
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2054:SSC-4 Slingshot
2010:
2003:
1999:SS-NX-38 Canyon
1945:SS-N-27 Sizzler
1909:SS-N-22 Sunburn
1904:SS-N-21 Sampson
1859:SS-N-12 Sandbox
1796:SS-N-1 Scrubber
1763:
1756:
1731:SS-X-30 Satan 2
1555:
1542:
1539:
1528:
1496:
1489:
1451:SA-N-12 Grizzly
1436:SA-N-9 Gauntlet
1381:
1374:
1340:SA-22 Greyhound
1227:
1214:
1211:
1204:
1163:AT-13 Saxhorn-2
1091:
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1017:AS-27 Sunburn A
902:AS-8 Kokon AT-6
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604:related reading
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573:, 0.8-3.0
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482:Myasishchev M-4
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170:In service
165:Service history
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2793:N-57/OKB-16-57
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2064:SSC-6 Sennight
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1726:SS-29 Sickle C
1723:
1718:
1716:SS-27 Sickle B
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1708:
1703:
1698:
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1683:
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1676:SS-19 Stiletto
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1463:
1458:
1456:SA-N-14 Grouse
1453:
1448:
1446:SA-N-11 Grison
1443:
1441:SA-N-10 Grouse
1438:
1433:
1431:SA-N-8 Gremlin
1428:
1423:
1421:SA-N-6 Grumble
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1408:
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1330:SA-20 Gargoyle
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1305:SA-15 Gauntlet
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1240:SA-2 Guideline
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1202:
1199:
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1178:AT-16 Scallion
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1173:АТ-15 Springer
1170:
1168:АТ-14 Spriggan
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1054:Kh-74M2 "GZUR"
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942:AS-16 Kickback
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927:AS-13 Kingbolt
924:
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889:
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864:
863:14Kh 18Kh RV-1
857:
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829:
828:K-74M2 (R-73M)
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684:Air Enthusiast
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608:external links
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553:Cruise speed:
551:
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520:Specifications
518:
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421:fighters. Two
403:cruise missile
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318:Maximum speed
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309:Flight ceiling
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1925:SS-N-23B Skif
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1920:SS-N-23A Skif
1918:
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1887:
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1884:SS-N-17 Snipe
1882:
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1869:SS-N-14 Silex
1867:
1865:
1864:SS-NX-13 Serb
1862:
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1849:SS-N-8 Sawfly
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1721:SS-28 Saber 2
1719:
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1714:
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1701:SS-24 Scalpel
1699:
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1666:SS-17 Spanker
1664:
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1656:SS-15 Scrooge
1654:
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1616:SS-8B Sasin 2
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1449:
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1442:
1439:
1437:
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1429:
1427:
1426:SA-N-7 Gadfly
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:SA-N-3 Goblet
1404:
1401:
1398:
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1336:
1335:SA-21 Growler
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1315:SA-17 Grizzly
1313:
1311:
1308:
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1303:
1301:
1300:SA-14 Gremlin
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
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1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:SA-10 Grumble
1278:
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1201:Iz 85 Kh-MD-E
1200:
1198:
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1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1158:AT-12 Swinger
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1148:AT-10 Stabber
1146:
1144:
1143:AT-9 Spiral-2
1141:
1139:
1138:AT-8 Songster
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1123:AT-5 Spandrel
1121:
1119:
1116:
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1109:
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1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1078:
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1069:
1066:
1065:AS-37 BrahMos
1063:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:Iz 85 Kh-MD-E
1049:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:AS-29 Sizzler
1027:
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1021:
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957:AS-X-19 Koala
955:
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950:
948:
947:AS-17 Krypton
945:
943:
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933:
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928:
925:
923:
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918:
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905:
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898:
895:
893:
892:AS-6 Kingfish
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
877:AS-3 Kangaroo
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
862:
859:
858:
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853:
848:
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836:
833:
831:K-77M (R-77M)
830:
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694:
690:
686:
685:
679:
675:
673:1-85780-188-1
669:
665:
660:
659:
655:
647:
644:
636:
633:December 2014
626:
622:
616:
615:
609:
605:
601:
596:
587:
586:
580:
576:
572:
571:thermonuclear
568:
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420:
416:
412:
408:
407:M.I. Gurevich
404:
401:
394:
392:
390:
386:
382:
379:armed with a
378:
374:
373:AS-3 Kangaroo
370:
366:
357:
354:
346:
343:
339:
336:
328:
324:
321:
315:
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157:
153:
150:
146:
142:
138:
133:
128:AS-3 Kangaroo
122:
110:
107:
99:
96:December 2009
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
2653:Berezin B-20
2558:machine guns
2508:OFAB-100-120
2495:Aerial bombs
2428:9K114 Shturm
2349:
2129:Hermes K ATS
2124:Hermes M ATS
2093:SSC-5 Stooge
2036:
2025:SSC-1B Sepal
1914:SS-N-23 Skif
1854:SS-N-9 Siren
1782:
1706:SS-25 Sickle
1696:SS-23 Spider
1686:SS-21 Scarab
1661:SS-16 Sinner
1646:SS-13 Savage
1606:SS-7 Saddler
1601:SS-6 Sapwood
1586:SS-3 Shyster
1581:SS-2 Sibling
1563:SS-1 Scunner
1514:53T6 Gazelle
1505:ABM-1 Galosh
1485:Palash/Palma
1416:SA-N-5 Grail
1411:SA-N-4 Gecko
1350:SA-24 Grinch
1325:SA-19 Grison
1320:SA-18 Grouse
1310:SA-16 Gimlet
1295:SA-13 Gopher
1285:SA-11 Gadfly
1260:SA-6 Gainful
1153:AT-11 Sniper
1133:AT-7 Saxhorn
1108:AT-2 Swatter
1103:AT-1 Snapper
1035:Hermes A ATS
1007:AS-26 Kodiak
974:Kh-59MK2S/69
922:AS-12 Kegler
917:AS-11 Kilter
882:AS-4 Kitchen
876:
814:AA-11 Archer
739:Soviet Union
682:
663:
656:Bibliography
639:
630:
619:Please help
611:
507:Soviet Union
479:
471:
455:
399:
398:
385:Soviet Union
372:
365:Raduga Kh-20
364:
362:
178:Used by
159:Soviet Union
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
2591:Savin–Norov
2553:Autocannons
2438:9K121 Vikhr
2433:9M120 Ataka
2418:9M17 Fleyta
2177:and former
2095:Bastion P/S
1839:SS-N-6 Serb
1816:SS-N-4 Sark
1801:SS-N-2 Styx
1748:/ HGV Yu-7#
1711:SS-26 Stone
1681:SS-20 Saber
1671:SS-18 Satan
1626:SS-10 Scrag
1591:SS-4 Sandal
1355:SA-29 Gizmo
1275:SA-9 Gaskin
1255:SA-5 Gammon
1128:AT-6 Spiral
1118:AT-4 Spigot
1113:AT-3 Sagger
1073:(Kh-72) ASM
962:AS-20 Kayak
952:AS-18 Kazoo
932:AS-14 Kedge
912:AS-10 Karen
872:AS-2 Kipper
867:AS-1 Kennel
824:AA-13 Arrow
819:AA-12 Adder
809:AA-10 Alamo
764:AA-1 Alkali
737:and former
625:introducing
545:Lyulka AL-7
543:Engine: 1x
439:Lyulka AL-7
387:during the
298:Operational
275:Lyulka AL-7
2815:Categories
2618:Berezin UB
2197:Air-to-air
2048:SSC-3 Styx
2037:P-20 Sokol
1783:P-20 Sokol
1778:KS-1 Komet
1631:SS-11 Sego
1621:SS-9 Scarp
1611:SS-8 Sasin
1596:SS-5 Skean
1540:to-surface
1390:SA-N-1 Goa
1370:Sosna-R/RA
1270:SA-8 Gecko
1265:SA-7 Grail
1250:SA-4 Ganef
1235:SA-1 Guild
1077:BrahMos-II
937:AS-15 Kent
897:AS-7 Kerry
847:to-surface
799:AA-8 Aphid
789:AA-6 Acrid
769:AA-2 Atoll
750:Air-to-air
581:References
395:Background
287:Propellant
173:1960-1980s
66:newspapers
2628:YakB-12.7
2596:GShG-7.62
2460:RS-82/132
2413:3M6 Shmel
2405:Anti-tank
2328:Anti-ship
2042:SSC-K P-1
1834:D-7 R-15M
1774:15Kh 17Kh
1567:SS-1 Scud
1545:full list
1497:ballistic
1469:Greyhound
1217:full list
1094:full list
1087:Anti-tank
907:AS-9 Kyle
887:AS-5 Kelt
852:full list
804:AA-9 Amos
794:AA-7 Apex
774:AA-3 Anab
755:full list
693:0143-5450
493:Operators
465:K and 25
375:) was an
2730:GSh-6-30
2725:GSh-30-2
2720:GSh-30-1
2699:GSh-6-23
2543:FAB-9000
2523:FAB-5000
2188:Missiles
2111:SSC-X-15
2105:SSC-X-11
2099:SSC-7/12
1994:SS-NX-37
1976:SS-NX-34
1971:SS-NX-33
1956:SS-NX-28
1950:SS-N-30A
1746:Avangard
1538:Surface-
1400:SA-NX-2C
1245:SA-3 Goa
1210:Surface-
1193:Izd. 305
1047:Izd. 305
986:Kh-38/36
784:AA-5 Ash
779:AA-4 Awl
742:missiles
549:turbojet
443:turbojet
409:for the
389:Cold War
351:platform
331:Guidance
291:jet fuel
279:turbojet
240:Wingspan
232:Diameter
193:Designer
147:Nuclear
2614:12.7 mm
2605:12.7 mm
2572:SIBEMAS
2566:7.62 mm
2518:FAB-500
2513:FAB-250
2452:Rockets
2175:Russian
2101:3M-80MV
2084:BrahMos
2033:AS/KS-1
2011:to-ship
1989:SS-N-36
1984:SS-N-35
1966:SS-N-32
1961:SS-N-29
1577:/-C/-D)
1554:Ground-
1466:SA-N-21
1226:Ground-
1061:(Kh-76)
967:AS-X-21
735:Russian
621:improve
340:/radio
248:Warhead
80:scholar
55:"Kh-20"
2694:GSh-23
2669:VYa-23
2332:cruise
2179:Soviet
2107:"GZUR"
2089:SSC-10
2081:SSC-13
2075:SSC-14
2050:Rubezh
1772:14KhK1
1762:Naval-
1571:Scud-A
1380:Naval-
1360:Morfey
1212:to-air
1089:guided
1071:Zirkon
1031:Club A
835:KS-172
691:
670:
504:
431:MiG-19
419:MiG-19
415:MiG-17
349:Launch
333:system
271:Engine
224:Height
216:Length
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
2786:57 mm
2777:NS-45
2770:45 mm
2756:NS-37
2751:Sh-37
2744:37 mm
2715:NR-30
2708:30 mm
2684:AM-23
2679:NR-23
2674:NS-23
2662:23 mm
2649:20 mm
2647:ShVAK
2637:20 mm
2612:ShVAK
2586:ShKAS
2395:Kh-90
2390:Kh-45
2385:Kh-35
2380:Kh-31
2375:Kh-15
2370:Kh-55
2365:KSR-5
2360:KSR-2
2355:Kh-22
2350:Kh-20
2345:K-10S
2313:Kh-59
2308:Kh-58
2303:Kh-45
2298:Kh-29
2293:Kh-28
2288:Kh-25
2283:Kh-23
2027:Redut
2009:Ship-
1952:3M-14
1916:R29RM
1764:based
1556:based
1524:A-235
1519:S-500
1510:ABM-3
1495:Anti-
1480:Redut
1382:based
1365:S-350
1228:based
1197:Kh-50
1040:Kh-50
1025:Kh-61
1019:Kh-41
1012:Kh-90
1003:Kh-50
1001:AS-25
996:Kh-45
992:Kh-36
990:AS-24
984:AS-23
980:Kh-32
978:AS-4M
972:AS-22
606:, or
487:Kh-22
474:Tu-95
467:Tu-95
463:Tu-95
459:Tu-95
435:Tu-95
427:Tu-95
423:Tu-95
411:Tu-95
400:Kh-20
356:Tu-95
300:range
125:Kh-20
87:JSTOR
73:books
2761:N-37
2735:2A42
2689:R-23
2643:Sh-3
2576:PV-1
2533:PTAB
2528:RRAB
2485:S-25
2480:S-24
2475:S-13
2340:KS-1
2318:LMUR
2265:R-37
2260:R-77
2255:R-73
2250:R-27
2245:R-33
2240:R-60
2235:R-23
2230:R-40
2220:R-38
2114:Skif
2019:10Kh
1979:Skif
1829:D-6M
1791:P-47
1788:P-40
1191:LMUR
1045:LMUR
861:10Kh
845:Air-
733:for
689:ISSN
668:ISBN
555:Mach
511:The
417:and
363:The
323:Mach
208:Mass
144:Type
59:news
2503:FAB
2470:S-8
2465:S-5
2225:R-4
2215:R-8
2210:R-3
2205:K-5
1826:D-6
1402:M-3
557:2.0
547:FK
325:2.0
277:FK
42:by
2817::
2581:DA
2330:,
1575:-B
1477:96
1474:9K
1067:AL
610:,
602:,
575:Mt
441:F
371::
2555:,
2167:e
2160:t
2153:v
2091:/
2021:N
1573:/
1569:(
1565:/
1547:)
1543:(
1512:/
1219:)
1215:(
1096:)
1092:(
854:)
850:(
757:)
753:(
723:e
716:t
709:v
695:.
676:.
646:)
640:(
635:)
631:(
617:.
367:(
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
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