Knowledge (XXG)

Kh-20

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with Kh-20 took 22 hours and the first-generation thermonuclear warheads were difficult to store which made them unsuitable for first-response weapons. Therefore, Kh-20 was relegated to secondary strikes against targets surviving the initial attack and against aircraft carrier groups. Arming time was
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The first launch was unsuccessful and range and accuracy did not meet expectations. This was in part because the warhead and the guidance system weight exceeded projected limits. Government trials took place between October 15, 1958, and November 1, 1959, and consisted of 16 launches of which 11 were
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for Kh-20 was unsuccessful because of the missile's large size. High-altitude supersonic target M-20 was also abandoned due to high cost. By the late 1970s, Kh-20 no longer had the performance required to penetrate enemy air defenses and it was replaced by
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considered successful although accuracy still left much to be desired. Kh-20 entered service in 1960. The production version, designated Kh-20M, featured an improved nuclear warhead. The arsenal initially consisted of two Kh-20 per
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fighters designated SM-20/I and SM-20/II for mothership-missile interface and airborne launch testing, and SM-K/I and SM-K/II for guidance system and ground launch testing. First SM-20/I launch from
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eventually reduced to 4 hours and reliability was improved. The weakest link of the Kh-20 remained its guidance system and good accuracy required manual guidance which was vulnerable to jamming.
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Kh-20 was initially intended for retaliation strikes against major targets in the United States. However, arming a
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K was made in the fall of 1956. One of the greatest challenges in the early development was starting the missile's
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engine after prolonged flight in the very cold upper atmosphere. Kh-20 began flight testing on March 17, 1958.
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K missile carriers in 1955. Initial testing of the missile systems was performed using four specially modified
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Healey, John K. (January–February 2004). "Retired Warriors: 'Cold War' Bomber Legacy".
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strategic bomber. Development began in 1954, drawing on experience with
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KD. This number was later reduced to one missile per aircraft.
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K, which amounted to 130 missiles for approximately 40
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Cruise ceiling: Target-dependent, up to 20,000 m
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Guidance: Inertial with remote correction over radio
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Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two
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No. 109. pp. 75–79. 589: 499: 135: 20: 31:needs additional citations for 312:20,000 m (66,000 ft) 282:67.1 kN (15,100 lbf) 1: 540:Launch weight: 12,000 kg 537:Empty weight: 5,878 kg 452:A Kh-20 missile on display. 383:which was developed by the 377:air launched cruise missile 219:14.95 m (49.0 ft) 2857: 243:9.15 m (30.0 ft) 1811:SS-N-3a Shaddock 3b Sepal 265: 227:3.02 m (9.9 ft) 155:Place of origin 134: 598:This article includes a 627:more precise citations. 569:Warhead: 2,300 kg 203:Specifications (Kh-20M) 662:Gordon, Yefim (2004). 563:Range: 380–600 km 453: 118:Nuclear cruise missile 1651:SS-14 Scamp/Scapegoat 1345:SA-23 Gladiator/Giant 1290:SA-12 Gladiator/Giant 531:Diameter: 1.81 m 525:Wingspan: 9.15 m 451: 381:thermonuclear warhead 252:Thermonuclear warhead 2071:SSC-8 Stone KB 9M729 2068:SSC-7 Stone KS 9M728 528:Length: 14.95 m 480:An attempt to adapt 40:improve this article 2836:MKB Raduga products 2031:SSC-2 Salish/Samlet 1935:SS-N-25 Switchblade 1741:SS-X-32Zh Scalpel B 534:Height: 3.02 m 369:NATO reporting name 600:list of references 454: 425:were converted to 188:Production history 2808: 2807: 2804: 2803: 2797:RShR-57/OKB-15-57 2446: 2445: 2181:aircraft ordnance 2141: 2140: 2137: 2136: 1930:SS-NX-24 Scorpion 1894:SS-N-19 Shipwreck 1844:SS-N-7 Starbright 1532: 1531: 1182:'Avtonomya' IR FF 653: 652: 645: 513:Soviet Air Forces 361: 360: 338:Inertial guidance 182:Soviet Air Forces 129: 116: 115: 108: 90: 2848: 2563: 2193: 2168: 2161: 2154: 2145: 2119:SSC-X-9 Stone AN 2077:Klub N/M 3M14/54 2059:SSC-X-5 Scorpion 1940:SS-N-26 Strobile 1899:SS-N-20 Sturgeon 1889:SS-N-18 Stingray 1879:SS-N-16 Stallion 1874:SS-N-15 Starfish 1821:SS-N-5 Sark/Serb 1806:SS-N-3c Shaddock 1752:SS-X-33 Stone AN 1736:SS-X-31 Sickle D 1691:SS-22 Scaleboard 1636:SS-12 Scaleboard 1551: 1461:SA-N-20 Gargoyle 1395:SA-N-2 Guideline 1223: 1186:Hermes A/M/K ATS 1059:AS-X-36 Stone AH 1023:AS-28 Strobile A 731:NATO designation 724: 717: 710: 701: 696: 677: 648: 641: 637: 634: 628: 623:this article by 614:inline citations 593: 592: 585: 505: 503: 502: 405:was designed by 342:command guidance 319: 261:0.3-3.0 megatons 258:Blast yield 197:Mikhail Gurevich 139: 130: 127: 121: 111: 104: 100: 97: 91: 89: 48: 24: 16: 2856: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2849: 2847: 2846: 2845: 2811: 2810: 2809: 2800: 2781: 2765: 2739: 2703: 2657: 2632: 2623:Afanasev A-12.7 2600: 2556: 2547: 2489: 2442: 2399: 2322: 2269: 2182: 2172: 2142: 2133: 2054:SSC-4 Slingshot 2010: 2003: 1999:SS-NX-38 Canyon 1945:SS-N-27 Sizzler 1909:SS-N-22 Sunburn 1904:SS-N-21 Sampson 1859:SS-N-12 Sandbox 1796:SS-N-1 Scrubber 1763: 1756: 1731:SS-X-30 Satan 2 1555: 1542: 1539: 1528: 1496: 1489: 1451:SA-N-12 Grizzly 1436:SA-N-9 Gauntlet 1381: 1374: 1340:SA-22 Greyhound 1227: 1214: 1211: 1204: 1163:AT-13 Saxhorn-2 1091: 1088: 1081: 1017:AS-27 Sunburn A 902:AS-8 Kokon AT-6 849: 846: 839: 752: 744: 728: 680: 674: 661: 658: 649: 638: 632: 629: 618: 604:related reading 594: 590: 583: 573:, 0.8-3.0  522: 500: 498: 495: 482:Myasishchev M-4 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2323: 2321: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2279: 2277: 2275:Air-to-surface 2271: 2270: 2268: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2201: 2199: 2190: 2184: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2170: 2163: 2156: 2148: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2086: 2078: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2064:SSC-6 Sennight 2061: 2056: 2051: 2045: 2039: 2034: 2028: 2022: 2015: 2013: 2005: 2004: 2002: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1768: 1766: 1758: 1757: 1755: 1754: 1749: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1726:SS-29 Sickle C 1723: 1718: 1716:SS-27 Sickle B 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1676:SS-19 Stiletto 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1641:SS-X-13 Savage 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 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Two 403:cruise missile 396: 393: 359: 358: 353: 348: 345: 344: 335: 330: 327: 326: 320: 318:Maximum speed 314: 313: 310: 309:Flight ceiling 306: 305: 302: 297: 294: 293: 288: 284: 283: 272: 268: 267: 263: 262: 259: 255: 254: 249: 245: 244: 241: 237: 236: 233: 229: 228: 225: 221: 220: 217: 213: 212: 209: 205: 204: 200: 199: 194: 190: 189: 185: 184: 179: 175: 174: 171: 167: 166: 162: 161: 156: 152: 151: 149:cruise missile 145: 141: 140: 132: 131: 117: 114: 113: 28: 26: 19: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2853: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2818: 2816: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2778: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2742: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2706: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2666: 2664: 2660: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2603: 2597: 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1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1335:SA-21 Growler 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1315:SA-17 Grizzly 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1300:SA-14 Gremlin 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1280:SA-10 Grumble 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1230: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1213: 1207: 1201:Iz 85 Kh-MD-E 1200: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1158:AT-12 Swinger 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1148:AT-10 Stabber 1146: 1144: 1143:AT-9 Spiral-2 1141: 1139: 1138:AT-8 Songster 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1123:AT-5 Spandrel 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1090: 1084: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1065:AS-37 BrahMos 1063: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050:Iz 85 Kh-MD-E 1049: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1029:AS-29 Sizzler 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 991: 988: 985: 982: 979: 976: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 957:AS-X-19 Koala 955: 953: 950: 948: 947:AS-17 Krypton 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 892:AS-6 Kingfish 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 878: 877:AS-3 Kangaroo 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 862: 859: 858: 856: 853: 848: 842: 836: 833: 831:K-77M (R-77M) 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 761: 759: 756: 751: 747: 743: 740: 736: 732: 725: 720: 718: 713: 711: 706: 705: 702: 694: 690: 686: 685: 679: 675: 673:1-85780-188-1 669: 665: 660: 659: 655: 647: 644: 636: 633:December 2014 626: 622: 616: 615: 609: 605: 601: 596: 587: 586: 580: 576: 572: 571:thermonuclear 568: 565: 562: 559: 556: 552: 550: 546: 542: 539: 536: 533: 530: 527: 524: 523: 519: 514: 510: 508: 497: 496: 492: 490: 488: 483: 478: 475: 470: 468: 464: 460: 450: 446: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 407:M.I. Gurevich 404: 401: 394: 392: 390: 386: 382: 379:armed with a 378: 374: 373:AS-3 Kangaroo 370: 366: 357: 354: 346: 343: 339: 336: 328: 324: 321: 315: 311: 307: 303: 295: 292: 289: 285: 280: 276: 273: 269: 264: 260: 256: 253: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 201: 198: 195: 191: 186: 183: 180: 176: 172: 168: 163: 160: 157: 153: 150: 146: 142: 138: 133: 128:AS-3 Kangaroo 122: 110: 107: 99: 96:December 2009 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: 67: 64: 60: 57: –  56: 52: 51:Find sources: 45: 41: 35: 34: 29:This article 27: 23: 18: 17: 2653:Berezin B-20 2558:machine guns 2508:OFAB-100-120 2495:Aerial bombs 2428:9K114 Shturm 2349: 2129:Hermes K ATS 2124:Hermes M ATS 2093:SSC-5 Stooge 2036: 2025:SSC-1B Sepal 1914:SS-N-23 Skif 1854:SS-N-9 Siren 1782: 1706:SS-25 Sickle 1696:SS-23 Spider 1686:SS-21 Scarab 1661:SS-16 Sinner 1646:SS-13 Savage 1606:SS-7 Saddler 1601:SS-6 Sapwood 1586:SS-3 Shyster 1581:SS-2 Sibling 1563:SS-1 Scunner 1514:53T6 Gazelle 1505:ABM-1 Galosh 1485:Palash/Palma 1416:SA-N-5 Grail 1411:SA-N-4 Gecko 1350:SA-24 Grinch 1325:SA-19 Grison 1320:SA-18 Grouse 1310:SA-16 Gimlet 1295:SA-13 Gopher 1285:SA-11 Gadfly 1260:SA-6 Gainful 1153:AT-11 Sniper 1133:AT-7 Saxhorn 1108:AT-2 Swatter 1103:AT-1 Snapper 1035:Hermes A ATS 1007:AS-26 Kodiak 974:Kh-59MK2S/69 922:AS-12 Kegler 917:AS-11 Kilter 882:AS-4 Kitchen 876: 814:AA-11 Archer 739:Soviet Union 682: 663: 656:Bibliography 639: 630: 619:Please help 611: 507:Soviet Union 479: 471: 455: 399: 398: 385:Soviet Union 372: 365:Raduga Kh-20 364: 362: 178:Used by 159:Soviet Union 102: 93: 83: 76: 69: 62: 50: 38:Please help 33:verification 30: 2591:Savin–Norov 2553:Autocannons 2438:9K121 Vikhr 2433:9M120 Ataka 2418:9M17 Fleyta 2177:and former 2095:Bastion P/S 1839:SS-N-6 Serb 1816:SS-N-4 Sark 1801:SS-N-2 Styx 1748:/ HGV Yu-7# 1711:SS-26 Stone 1681:SS-20 Saber 1671:SS-18 Satan 1626:SS-10 Scrag 1591:SS-4 Sandal 1355:SA-29 Gizmo 1275:SA-9 Gaskin 1255:SA-5 Gammon 1128:AT-6 Spiral 1118:AT-4 Spigot 1113:AT-3 Sagger 1073:(Kh-72) ASM 962:AS-20 Kayak 952:AS-18 Kazoo 932:AS-14 Kedge 912:AS-10 Karen 872:AS-2 Kipper 867:AS-1 Kennel 824:AA-13 Arrow 819:AA-12 Adder 809:AA-10 Alamo 764:AA-1 Alkali 737:and former 625:introducing 545:Lyulka AL-7 543:Engine: 1x 439:Lyulka AL-7 387:during the 298:Operational 275:Lyulka AL-7 2815:Categories 2618:Berezin UB 2197:Air-to-air 2048:SSC-3 Styx 2037:P-20 Sokol 1783:P-20 Sokol 1778:KS-1 Komet 1631:SS-11 Sego 1621:SS-9 Scarp 1611:SS-8 Sasin 1596:SS-5 Skean 1540:to-surface 1390:SA-N-1 Goa 1370:Sosna-R/RA 1270:SA-8 Gecko 1265:SA-7 Grail 1250:SA-4 Ganef 1235:SA-1 Guild 1077:BrahMos-II 937:AS-15 Kent 897:AS-7 Kerry 847:to-surface 799:AA-8 Aphid 789:AA-6 Acrid 769:AA-2 Atoll 750:Air-to-air 581:References 395:Background 287:Propellant 173:1960-1980s 66:newspapers 2628:YakB-12.7 2596:GShG-7.62 2460:RS-82/132 2413:3M6 Shmel 2405:Anti-tank 2328:Anti-ship 2042:SSC-K P-1 1834:D-7 R-15M 1774:15Kh 17Kh 1567:SS-1 Scud 1545:full list 1497:ballistic 1469:Greyhound 1217:full list 1094:full list 1087:Anti-tank 907:AS-9 Kyle 887:AS-5 Kelt 852:full list 804:AA-9 Amos 794:AA-7 Apex 774:AA-3 Anab 755:full list 693:0143-5450 493:Operators 465:K and 25 375:) was an 2730:GSh-6-30 2725:GSh-30-2 2720:GSh-30-1 2699:GSh-6-23 2543:FAB-9000 2523:FAB-5000 2188:Missiles 2111:SSC-X-15 2105:SSC-X-11 2099:SSC-7/12 1994:SS-NX-37 1976:SS-NX-34 1971:SS-NX-33 1956:SS-NX-28 1950:SS-N-30A 1746:Avangard 1538:Surface- 1400:SA-NX-2C 1245:SA-3 Goa 1210:Surface- 1193:Izd. 305 1047:Izd. 305 986:Kh-38/36 784:AA-5 Ash 779:AA-4 Awl 742:missiles 549:turbojet 443:turbojet 409:for the 389:Cold War 351:platform 331:Guidance 291:jet fuel 279:turbojet 240:Wingspan 232:Diameter 193:Designer 147:Nuclear 2614:12.7 mm 2605:12.7 mm 2572:SIBEMAS 2566:7.62 mm 2518:FAB-500 2513:FAB-250 2452:Rockets 2175:Russian 2101:3M-80MV 2084:BrahMos 2033:AS/KS-1 2011:to-ship 1989:SS-N-36 1984:SS-N-35 1966:SS-N-32 1961:SS-N-29 1577:/-C/-D) 1554:Ground- 1466:SA-N-21 1226:Ground- 1061:(Kh-76) 967:AS-X-21 735:Russian 621:improve 340:/radio 248:Warhead 80:scholar 55:"Kh-20" 2694:GSh-23 2669:VYa-23 2332:cruise 2179:Soviet 2107:"GZUR" 2089:SSC-10 2081:SSC-13 2075:SSC-14 2050:Rubezh 1772:14KhK1 1762:Naval- 1571:Scud-A 1380:Naval- 1360:Morfey 1212:to-air 1089:guided 1071:Zirkon 1031:Club A 835:KS-172 691:  670:  504:  431:MiG-19 419:MiG-19 415:MiG-17 349:Launch 333:system 271:Engine 224:Height 216:Length 82:  75:  68:  61:  53:  2786:57 mm 2777:NS-45 2770:45 mm 2756:NS-37 2751:Sh-37 2744:37 mm 2715:NR-30 2708:30 mm 2684:AM-23 2679:NR-23 2674:NS-23 2662:23 mm 2649:20 mm 2647:ShVAK 2637:20 mm 2612:ShVAK 2586:ShKAS 2395:Kh-90 2390:Kh-45 2385:Kh-35 2380:Kh-31 2375:Kh-15 2370:Kh-55 2365:KSR-5 2360:KSR-2 2355:Kh-22 2350:Kh-20 2345:K-10S 2313:Kh-59 2308:Kh-58 2303:Kh-45 2298:Kh-29 2293:Kh-28 2288:Kh-25 2283:Kh-23 2027:Redut 2009:Ship- 1952:3M-14 1916:R29RM 1764:based 1556:based 1524:A-235 1519:S-500 1510:ABM-3 1495:Anti- 1480:Redut 1382:based 1365:S-350 1228:based 1197:Kh-50 1040:Kh-50 1025:Kh-61 1019:Kh-41 1012:Kh-90 1003:Kh-50 1001:AS-25 996:Kh-45 992:Kh-36 990:AS-24 984:AS-23 980:Kh-32 978:AS-4M 972:AS-22 606:, or 487:Kh-22 474:Tu-95 467:Tu-95 463:Tu-95 459:Tu-95 435:Tu-95 427:Tu-95 423:Tu-95 411:Tu-95 400:Kh-20 356:Tu-95 300:range 125:Kh-20 87:JSTOR 73:books 2761:N-37 2735:2A42 2689:R-23 2643:Sh-3 2576:PV-1 2533:PTAB 2528:RRAB 2485:S-25 2480:S-24 2475:S-13 2340:KS-1 2318:LMUR 2265:R-37 2260:R-77 2255:R-73 2250:R-27 2245:R-33 2240:R-60 2235:R-23 2230:R-40 2220:R-38 2114:Skif 2019:10Kh 1979:Skif 1829:D-6M 1791:P-47 1788:P-40 1191:LMUR 1045:LMUR 861:10Kh 845:Air- 733:for 689:ISSN 668:ISBN 555:Mach 511:The 417:and 363:The 323:Mach 208:Mass 144:Type 59:news 2503:FAB 2470:S-8 2465:S-5 2225:R-4 2215:R-8 2210:R-3 2205:K-5 1826:D-6 1402:M-3 557:2.0 547:FK 325:2.0 277:FK 42:by 2817:: 2581:DA 2330:, 1575:-B 1477:96 1474:9K 1067:AL 610:, 602:, 575:Mt 441:F 371:: 2555:, 2167:e 2160:t 2153:v 2091:/ 2021:N 1573:/ 1569:( 1565:/ 1547:) 1543:( 1512:/ 1219:) 1215:( 1096:) 1092:( 854:) 850:( 757:) 753:( 723:e 716:t 709:v 695:. 676:. 646:) 640:( 635:) 631:( 617:. 367:( 109:) 103:( 98:) 94:( 84:· 77:· 70:· 63:· 36:.

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cruise missile
Soviet Union
Soviet Air Forces
Mikhail Gurevich
Thermonuclear warhead
Lyulka AL-7
turbojet
jet fuel
Mach
Inertial guidance
command guidance
Tu-95
NATO reporting name
air launched cruise missile
thermonuclear warhead
Soviet Union
Cold War
cruise missile

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