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father-in-law who in 1622 had killed Khan Temir’s uncle. Mehmed assumed that this could not have happened without Khan Temir’s consent, so he sent a messenger to Shahin ordering him to be arrested. Khan Temir learned of it and fled to the steppes. Shahin rounded up Temir’s relatives and threatened to kill them if Temir did not return. He refused and the threat was carried out. Mehmed and Shahin had now made a dangerous enemy. Khan Temir offered his services to the
Ottomans.
321:
337:
259:
201:
187:
231:
217:
307:
293:
245:
275:
407:
379:
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430:
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546:(Janibek) became khan for the second time (1628) with Khan Temir as a supporter. In late 1628 Mehmed tried to restore himself but was abandoned by his Cossack allies while Khan Temir guarded the entrance to Crimea at Perekop. In 1629 Mehmed tried again, and was defeated and killed by Khan Temir’s men.
564:
broke out. In June about 1000 Budjaks raided
Podolia and returned to Moldavia with their loot where Koniecpolski defeated them and Khan Temir’s son-in-law was captured. In September the Ottoman commander marched north with much of the Budjak horde under Khan Temir. In October there was a battle which
487:
became
Crimean khan. His first task was to move Khan Temir from the Polish border to stop his private raiding after the Ottoman-Polish peace treaty. He led the Crimean army west and somehow talked Khan Temir into moving east to the Syut-Su river (location?). In 1624, when the Ottomans tried to remove
569:
ended, which freed up Polish troops. The sultan had never been happy with this war which was mostly started by a local governor. Peace was made and the
Ottomans promised to remove the Budjak horde. In the summer of 1634 khan Janibek assembled an army on the Dnieper to get this done, but the sultan
573:
In 1635 khan
Janibek was replaced by Inayet. In 1636 he was ordered to attack Persia. Since he could not make his nobles obey he expected that the Ottomans would remove him. He assumed that Khan Temir would attack from the north and the Ottomans would come by sea to Kaffa. He boldly determined to
454:
offered to retreat if he could hold Khan Temir hostage until he reached the Polish border. Khan Temir refused. He retreated anyway, his army was chewed up by Khan Temir’s men and
Zolkiewski was killed. The Budjaks then raided the surrounding country. Next spring they raided Galicia again. In 1621
533:
Khan Temir fled to Kaffa. Since he had an order from the sultan telling
Ottoman officials to help him, the gates of Kaffa were opened. The place soon filled with Budjak warriors, their families, yurts, carts and cattle. Mehmed besieged Kaffa. Khan Temir attacked, was defeated and barely got back
58:
of
Moldavia is likely, but cannot be established exactly. He was associated with the Mansur clan which held the northwestern steppe-like corner of Crimea and had connections with the steppe nomads. He is sometimes described as a Crimean Tatar, but this is not accurate. He traced his ancestry to
510:
In early 1627 khan Mehmed led 10000 Crimeans and
Budjaks east to deal with some Besleney who had stopped paying tribute. Shahin Giray and Khan Temir stayed in Crimea. In the mountains Mehmed met his Circassian father-in-law. As he left some Budjak mirzas slipped away and murdered Mehmed’s
514:
In 1628 the
Ottomans again tried to remove Mehmed, now with Khan Temir’s help. In spring Shahin made a preemptive attack of Khan Temir. Khan Temir fell back to the Danube delta, lured Shahin’s army into the woods and killed most of them, only Shahin and a few friends escaping.
613:
by his youngest son. The young man killed a man in a drunken brawl. The Ottomans beheaded him and sent his headless corpse to Khan Temir. The father could not resist strong language, so the Ottomans sent men to his house and strangled him, killing him on 10 July 1637.
502:
In 1624 or 1625 Shahin Giray lead a Crimean army east to bring him under control. Temir’s nobles convinced him that their position was untenable, so the Budjak Horde moved back east for the second time, after burning everything they could not carry.
682:
The Russian Knowledge (XXG), following Novoselsky (1948) has Khan Temir and kalga Devlet and 20,000 men raid Podolia in August 1629. In October the Poles defeated their main force, freed 10,000 captives and killed one of Temir's sons and captured
659:
This is not in Gaivoronsky, but the Russian Knowledge (XXG) says that in June 1623, one month after Mehmed came to power, he led a raid deep into Galicia. Gaivoronsky notes that he was removed from his position in Silistra one month
71:
and died in Russian captivity around 1575. His father was Araslanay-Mirza who married a daughter of khan Devlet I and died fighting for khan Gazi II in Hungary around 1595. He had several sons who were killed during his lifetime.
126:
in which they agreed to halt raids by their Cossack and Tatar vassals. However the Cossack and Tatar freebooters ignored the treaty and continued their raids into each others territories. Next year Khan-Temir and his sons raided
534:
through the gates. His son was captured and executed. Crimean forces rounded up the Budjak warriors who had not reached Kaffa. Ottoman galleys landed at Kaffa, Mehmed was deserted by his men (30 June) and fled to the Cossacks.
506:
Starting in January 1626 a Crimean-Budjak army plundered some 200 villages in Volhynia and Galicia and withdrew before Koniecpolski and Stefan Chmielecki could bring up troops. Later, Khan Temir raided Podolia.
574:
resist. He took Kaffa by surprise and in January 1637 led a large army against Budjak. Khan Temir was greatly outnumbered, so he told his men to make the best deal they could and fled south to Ottoman
631:, volume 2, under first Janibek, 1610: pp 48,53,57-60,63, 64; Mehmed III, 1623: 84, 105, 113, 114-127; second Janibek, 1628: 154, 155, 157, 158, 160-168, 173; Inayet, 1635: 205, 208, 210-211, 212-218.
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549:
In 1628 Khan Temir attacked the leaders of the Shirin clan. This caused so much hostility that he thought it best to return to Budjak. Janibek was glad to see him go. In the fall of 1629
111:. The young Moldavian prince managed to escape captivity however he drowned in a river and died during his escape from the raiding Tatars. The period 1612-1617 needs more documentation.
739:
650:) citing Novoselsky says that in 1610 he led 10,000 men to the Russian border where he took many captives and robbed the Russian envoys. This does not fit Gaivoronsky's account.
719:
522:, followed by Khan Temir. Shahin and Mehmed fled to the ancient rock-fort of Chufut-Kale, which Khan Temir besieged. Four weeks later 4000 Zaporozhian Cossacks under
420:
471:
around October 1621 the Poles asked that Khan Temir be moved away from their border, something that the Ottomans were not strong enough to do. Politicians like
724:
463:
was a stalemate with heavy losses on both sides. During and after the battle Khan Temir raided the countryside. For his services he was made governor the
605:. On 1 July 1637 both Inayet and Khan Temir appeared before the sultan. Inayet was taken away and strangled. Khan Temir was exiled to a governorship in
647:
734:
526:
burst into the peninsula. At first Khan Temir thought that they were merely raiding, but he was quickly disabused. On 31 May he was defeated by the
165:
30:) along the Romanian border. Budjak is the southwesternmost corner of the Eurasian Steppe. He raided mostly along the eastern frontier of the
628:
54:
He was the first and greatest leader of the Bujak Horde which seems to have formed up about the time he came to power. A connection to the
144:
31:
714:
85:
His early life and rise to power need more documentation. In 1606 he led 10,000 men to raid Podolia and was defeated by Crown hetman
451:
86:
38:, the Ottomans used him to pressure the Poles just as the Poles used the Zaporozhian Cossacks to pressure the Ottomans and
699:
561:
443:
467:
along the Black Sea coast. (In July 1623 he was removed for unauthorized raiding.) During the negotiations for the
46:
and eventually executed him. The most important event in his life was his conflict with the Crimean khan in 1628.
744:
582:. Inayet sent his brother south to retrieve the treasure and then led the Budjaks east for a third time. At the
496:
709:
128:
553:
Devlet Giray and Khan Temir attacked Galicia in revenge for Polish support of Mehmed. They were defeated by
460:
447:
42:. His habit of acting independently caused problems. The Ottomans several times tried to move him east from
729:
492:
472:
704:
108:
523:
624:
554:
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fled to Khan Temir. Shahin was a successful raider until the Ottomans forced him out in 1614.
484:
468:
140:
68:
464:
156:
123:
90:
39:
623:
Oleksa Gaivoronsky «Повелители двух материков», Kiev-Bakhchisarai, second edition, 2009,
55:
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led a large army north supported by Khan Temir and Crimean khan Janibek. The resulting
152:
35:
693:
550:
543:
139:) and in response the Ottoman sultan sent Crimeans and Khan-Temir to raid Volhynia (
598:
566:
97:
23:
143:(1618)). The following years were a series of bloody battles fought between the
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132:
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527:
456:
439:
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and lost half their men. The period 1629-1633 needs more documentation.
429:
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switched his allegiance from the Ottomans to the Poles, leading to the
148:
119:
115:
587:
575:
519:
43:
27:
22:(before 1594 to 1637) was a steppe warlord and raider. He ruled the
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crossing they revolted, killed Inayet’s brothers and returned to
136:
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raids into Ottoman territories. Instead of fighting they made the
67:
in 1427. His grandfather was Divey-Mirza who was captured at the
60:
570:
changed his mind and ordered Janibek to attack Persia.
131:, Cossacks raided the Ottoman coastal port city of
63:(died 1419) and his son Mansur who was executed by
26:
in what is now the southwestern corner of Ukraine (
491:In 1624 he led a raid into Polish territory and
118:sent an army north to force the Poles to limit
740:17th-century executions by the Ottoman Empire
578:where he stored his treasures and then on to
8:
103:In June 1612 he led a Ottoman-Tatar army to
750:People of the Polish–Ottoman War (1620–21)
565:the Poles won. In 1634 the Russo-Polish
426:Polish claims extended east to Zaporozhia
720:Military personnel of the Ottoman Empire
601:and Inayet decided to give up and go to
96:In 1610 Janibek became Crimean khan and
639:
320:
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16:Steppe warlord and raider (died 1637)
7:
475:wanted Khan Temir out of the way.
336:
258:
200:
14:
488:Mehmed, he moved back to Budjak.
446:. The Poles were defeated at the
669:The Russian Knowledge (XXG) has
609:. Khan Temir was accompanied to
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735:17th-century monarchs in Europe
725:History of Moldavia (1504–1711)
350:
230:
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673:, which may be the same place.
364:
306:
292:
244:
1:
646:The Russian Knowledge (XXG) (
392:
34:. Nominally a vassal of the
562:Polish-Ottoman War (1633-34)
518:In early May Shahin reached
444:Polish-Ottoman War (1620-21)
172:
107:where he captured its ruler
114:In 1617 the Ottoman sultan
766:
715:Ottoman period in Romania
461:Battle of Khotyn (1621)
448:Battle of Cecora (1620)
497:Stanisław Koniecpolski
438:In 1620 the ruler of
618:Source and footnotes
452:Stanisław Żółkiewski
421:class=notpageimage|
151:vassals against the
87:Stanisław Żółkiewski
700:16th-century births
530:on the Alma River.
524:Mykhailo Doroshenko
455:the Ottoman sultan
32:Polish Commonwealth
542:With Mehmed gone,
473:Mere Hüseyin Pasha
648:ru:Кантемир-мурза
629:978-966-2260-02-1
597:fleet arrived in
555:Stefan Chmielecki
109:Constantin Movilă
757:
745:Executed royalty
684:
680:
674:
667:
661:
657:
651:
644:
593:In June 1637 an
485:Mehmed III Giray
479:Under Mehmed III
469:Treaty of Khotyn
432:
424:Places mentioned
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141:Battle of Orynin
69:Battle of Molodi
765:
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710:Crimean Khanate
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465:Silistra Eyalet
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124:Treaty of Busza
91:Battle of Udycz
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78:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
763:
761:
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747:
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671:Molochna River
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82:
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51:
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36:Ottoman Empire
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
762:
751:
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544:Canibek Giray
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81:Before Mehmed
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62:
57:
49:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
730:Nogai people
678:
665:
655:
642:
592:
572:
567:Smolensk War
560:In 1633 the
559:
548:
541:
538:After Mehmed
532:
517:
513:
509:
505:
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493:was defeated
490:
482:
437:
113:
102:
98:Shahin Giray
95:
84:
56:Cantemirești
53:
24:Budjak Horde
19:
18:
705:1637 deaths
694:Categories
343:Zaporozhia
155:and their
147:and their
65:Barak Khan
20:Khan Temir
634:footnotes
433:= Ottoman
159:vassals.
133:Khadjibey
683:another.
611:Istanbul
607:Anatolia
603:Istanbul
580:Istanbul
528:Cossacks
483:In 1623
457:Osman II
440:Moldavia
413:Akkerman
385:Silistra
329:sylvania
193:Volhynia
153:Ottomans
135:(modern
105:Moldavia
40:Crimeans
595:Ottoman
584:Dnieper
357:Perekop
237:Galicia
223:Podolia
149:Cossack
129:Galicia
120:Cossack
116:Ahmed I
89:at the
660:later.
627:
588:Budjak
576:Kiliya
520:Crimea
371:Kiliya
327:Trans-
313:Danube
299:BUDJAK
251:CRIMEA
50:Family
44:Poland
28:Budjak
599:Kaffa
551:kalga
399:Kaffa
267:leney
209:davia
157:Tatar
145:Poles
137:Odesa
61:Edigu
625:ISBN
285:saks
283:Cos-
281:Don
265:Bes-
207:Mol-
179:Kiev
76:Life
495:by
450:.
696::
590:.
499:.
93:.
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