641:
consulted
Astrologers. Astrologers suggested that a sacrifice with a male candidate having ‘swee-nita lachhyan'(स्वीनिता लछ्यन), or thirty-two perfections should be performed. Only the king himself and his two princes were suitable candidates. So, the king decided to sacrifice himself and ordered one of his sons to sacrifice him so that sign of water could be seen at the Hiti. The king told his son that a man will be sleeping by covering his face and body, and to sacrifice him without looking at his face. After the son did so, he realised he had killed his own father. With regret and guilt, he consulted with priests for a way to salvation. The priests suggested him to fly a ‘bwo-khaa'(ब्वःखा) a flying hen from the top of Mhaasu Khwaa Maju(म्हासु ख्वा: माजु). The hen landed in the place where the chaitya is currently standing. An Ajimaa was already located at that place before the chaitya construction started. During the time of its construction, the place was struck with a drought and the people managed to abate the scarcity of water by collecting the droplets of dew. Dew is called ‘Khasu'(खसु) and droplets are called ‘Ti'(ति).
685:. His other Chinese wife and Bhrikuti are credited for the introduction and spread of Buddhism in Tibet. Along with Songtsen Gampo was Trisong Detsen, the first Dharma King under him. While Buddhism was spreading in Tibet, and Tibet-Nepal trade relations were being stronger, a widow Tibetan woman traveled from Lhasa to visit Khaasti. She brought her four sons and they were fascinated by witnessing how Newa people constructed chaitya, a meta-symbolic construction with distinct levels of suggestion, sagacity and profoundness. The woman's name was Jyajhima, who took shade for many days in Khaasti. Impressed by the hospitality of Newars, she and her sons went back to Lhasa and told people stories about her experience in Nepal. She is notable as in those times, only traders and especially men were ones traveling Nepal-Tibet and back. She was fascinated by Khaasti, when she heard stories of Bhrikuti spread in Lhasa. Being a widow woman she had to ask permission from the king to visit Khaasti.
932:
856:
884:
654:
1747:
844:
142:
114:
716:
808:
872:
633:
820:
593:
920:
170:
574:
585:
ashamed, if such a poor old woman were allowed to complete building such a stupendous tower, they themselves would have to dedicate a temple as great as a mountain, and so they decided to ask the King to disallow further progress of the work. When the King was approached on the matter his
Majesty replied: "I have finished giving the order to the woman to proceed with the work. Kings must not eat their words, and I cannot undo my orders now" which is known as
908:
758:
57:
896:
1819:
1616:
326:
629:
son, Manadeva as atonement for his unwitting parricide
Manadeva was the great Licchavi king, military conqueror and the patron of the arts who reigned c. AD 464–505. Manadeva is also linked with the Swayambhu Chaitya of Gum Bahal. Third, another great Licchhavi king Shivadeva (AD 590–604) is associated with Boudha by an inscription; he may have restored the chaitya.
177:
149:
121:
604:
thus became connected with both the Ranas and the Tamang community. Today his descendants still have a role regarding the stupa though management is now devolved to the Shree Boudha Nath Area
Development Committee which was established as part of the UNESCO requirements for the protection of the World Heritage Site Monument Zone.
832:
787:
790:
794:
793:
789:
788:
795:
727:
badly damaged
Boudhanath Stupa, severely cracking the spire. As a result, the whole structure above the dome, and the religious relics it contained had to be removed, which was completed by the end of October 2015. The reconstruction began on 3 November 2015 with the ritual placement of a new central
640:
According to the history of Nepal, the palace of King
Vikramjit (Licchavi King) once stood where the Naranhiti Palace currently stands. King Vikramjit instructed that a Hiti should be built in the southern part of the palace courtyard, but there was no sign of water from the Hiti, for which the king
628:
The earliest historical references to the
Khaasti Chaitya are found in the Chronicles of the Newars. First, Khaasti is mentioned as one of the four stupas found by the Licchavi king Vrisadeva (c. AD 400) or Vikramjit. Second, the Newars legend of the stupa's origin attributes it to King Dharmadeva's
569:
mother bird caretaker) with her four sons, interred this great sage's remains at the spot over which the great mound now stands, the latter having been built by the woman herself. Before starting on the work of construction, she petitioned the King of the time to grant her land the size of a buffalo
644:
Historians suggest that the traditional knowledge to harvest dew droplets has been lost with time. The places that end with ‘Ti'(ति) have similar history, such as
Chalati(चलति), Kusunti(कुसिन्ति), and so on. Khaasti Ajimaa(खास्ति अजिमा) is one of the important Ajima of Kathmandu. The Newa tradition
696:
Shakya Zangpo came to Nepal in search of the stupa but found only an abandoned mound. He undertook a restoration during which he is said to have found the remains of Nepali king
Amsuverma (the alleged father of Srongsten Gampo's Nepali queen Bhrikuti). His restoration is likely to have resulted in
688:
The story of Jya dzi ma, the poultry woman is also acknowledged by the local Newars, because of her attraction to the pilgrimage. It is said that she spent many days with her four sons on the premises of
Khaasti before going back to Lhasa. A painting of Jadzima is on the rear of the Hariti/ Mamala
603:
Later the first Chiniya Lama came from China and assisted the Nepal ruler with translation during war negotiations. In return, he was granted land for a monastery and residence in front of the stupa. He married the daughter of Jung Bahadur Rana (through his Tamang wife who was born in Boudha) and
692:
In C15 a Tibetan lama, a treasure revealer/ terton, discovered a text said to have been concealed by Guru Rinpoche. In this text the conversation between Guru Rinpoche and King Trisong Detsun is recorded in which Guru Rinpoche explains the origin of the stupa and the story of Jadzima. The terma
501:. Only the king himself and his two princes were suitable candidates, so the king decided to sacrifice himself to bring water to the fountain. According to local mythology, during the sacrifice (performed, at the king's order by one of his sons), the king's head flew off, landing at the nearby
584:
By the time that, as a result of great sacrifices on the part of the woman and her four sons, the groundwork of the structure had been finished, those who saw it were astonished at the greatness of the scale on which it was undertaken. The high officials and wealthy people of the country were
792:
746:. Boudhanath is the first of all the earthquake-damaged heritage sites in Kathmandu valley to be rebuilt. However, the Nepalese government was criticised for its slow pace in reconstructing quake-damaged heritage structures such as temples, with many left unrepaired.
570:
skin. Thinking it would be small the king gave permission for land and to build her stupa. However, the poultry woman carefully cut the skin in a long strip, like a rope, and used it to circumscribe a large area.
855:
1059:
931:
791:
693:
continues after the completion of the stupa to explain how the sons, the donkey, and the buffalo are reborn in C8 Tibet as ministers and lamas, and later in C9 as Langdarma, the anti-Buddhist king.
539:
The village that surrounds the great Kāśyapa stupa is generally known by the name of Bauddha/ Boudha. ...which in Tibetan is called Yambu Chorten Chenpo (Tibetan: ཡམ་བུའི་མཆོད་རྟེན་ཆེན་པོ། Wylie:
489:
or lwã hiti) should be built in the southern part of the palace courtyard. When the new fountain produced no water, the king consulted his astrologers, who suggested that what was needed was a
543:). Jya Rung Khashor Chorten Chenpo, literally which may be translated as "Chorten of poultry fallen promise" The stupa has an interesting history of its own which explains this strange name.
1549:
1872:
1736:
1280:
1376:
600:
Tamang community, an ethnically Tibetan group in Nepal, has been living around Boudha for many centuries and they still own land surrounding the area of Boudha stupa.
437:, a large number of the Tibetan refugees migrated to Nepal and settled down around Boudhanath. The influx of the Tibetan refugees has seen the construction of over 50
645:
considers Ajima as a superpower. These female energies protect the nation. The tradition of Kumari relates to a place called 'Kumari-gaal' which is south to Khaasti.
883:
433:, bypassing the main city of Kathmandu (which was built later). Tibetan merchants have rested and offered prayers at Boudha Stupa for many centuries. Following the
1542:
1032:
1897:
1867:
1729:
1602:
72:
1882:
1535:
871:
141:
831:
625:
king Śivadeva (c. 590–604 CE); though other Nepalese chronicles date it to the reign of King Mānadeva (464–505 CE). The Tibetan sourceered there.
589:
thus, the name came as Jya Rung Kha Shor. So the stupa was allowed to be finished, and hence its unique name, "Jya Rung Kha Shor Chorten Chenpo."
843:
1907:
1887:
1722:
113:
1754:
1648:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1221:
1521:
1698:
697:
the stupa in the size we see today. He is believed to have resided at the place now called Chabahil during the work. Chabahil is known as
1688:
1678:
1658:
1288:
807:
1673:
1663:
1653:
1638:
1495:
1469:
1453:
1445:
1267:
1019:
1011:
764:
757:
735:(BADC). The repairs were funded entirely by private donations from Buddhist groups and volunteers. According to the BADC, it cost
508:
The prince, with a regretful heart, went to the top of Bajrayogini and cast off a chicken, with the intention of constructing a
204:
1693:
1683:
1668:
1643:
1102:
169:
1703:
919:
1515:
819:
197:
512:
where it landed; Boudhanath Stupa stands where it landed. Because the people at that time were managing to survive the
1746:
724:
1902:
1572:
1558:
1044:
895:
421:
by the village of Sankhu in the northeast corner and continues to the ancient and smaller stupa of Chabahil named
559:
502:
355:
1877:
1846:
565:
After Kāśyapa Buddha's demise, a certain old woman, a poultry keeper, Ma-jha-zi-ma (Tibetan: མ་བྱ་རྫི་མ། Wyle:
453:
300:
653:
406:. Located about 11 km (6.8 mi) from the center and northeastern outskirts of Kathmandu, its massive
1892:
1789:
1774:
958:
740:
907:
1841:
1784:
1327:
1167:
779:
434:
372:
1193:
707:
stupa was built using the leftover materials from the Boudha restoration, which would date it to C15.
1794:
736:
1302:
1249:
Ehrhard, Franz-Karl (1990). "The Stupa of Bodhnath: A Preliminary Analysis of the Written Sources."
1236:
Ehrhard, Franz-Karl (1990). "The Stupa of Bodhnath: A Preliminary Analysis of the Written Sources."
739:
2.1 million dollars and more than 30kg of gold. The repaired building was officially inaugurated by
715:
636:
Two spouts of Narayan Hiti in Kathmandu. The right spout is a Malla era replacement of the original.
632:
527:
Later the government of Nepal renamed the place from Khasti to Boudhanath to better reflect Nepal's
1799:
1750:
731:
The stupa was reopened on 22 November 2016. The renovation and reconstruction was organized by the
449:
260:
743:
622:
482:
478:
573:
1491:
1465:
1449:
1441:
1434:. Keith Dowman. (1973). Tibetan Nyingma Meditation Center. Dharma Books. Berkeley, California.
1263:
1217:
1015:
1007:
948:
1779:
418:
270:
56:
1475:
490:
430:
343:
1131:
425:
Stupa (often called "Little Boudhanath"). It then turns directly south, heading over the
1462:
The Traditional Newar Architecture of the Kathmandu Valley: The Stūpas and the Chaityas
1207:
1078:
862:
682:
666:
662:
555:
547:
474:
414:
351:
1861:
1769:
1714:
1262:
Water Conduits in the Kathmandu Valley (2 vols.) by Raimund O.A. Becker-Ritterspach,
1180:
953:
577:
426:
669:
is also traditionally associated with the construction of the Boudhanath Stupa. The
1824:
1621:
1354:
1110:
670:
486:
485:
kingdom). King Vikramaditya instructed that a traditional stone drinking fountain (
592:
1402:
1211:
1270:, Published by Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, 1995
521:
719:
Renovation of Boudhanath stupa after being damaged by the 2015 Nepal earthquake
1814:
1611:
689:
temple at Boudha. A pond with ducks is seen and the lady taking care of them.
551:
1527:
219:
206:
1479:
422:
399:
313:
96:
979:
442:
704:
678:
528:
81:
77:
801:
Flower offerings in bowls at Boudhanath Boudha Stupa in Kathmandu, Nepal
1804:
1432:
The Legend of the Great Stupa and The Life Story of the Lotus Born Guru
1315:
The Legend of the Great Stupa and The Life Story of the Lotus Born Guru
1155:
The Legend of the Great Stupa and The Life Story of the Lotus Born Guru
703:, leftover earth, leftover stones, which refers to the belief that the
674:
513:
457:
417:. It is located on the ancient trade route from Tibet which enters the
407:
390:
17:
1331:
Tibetan Nyingma Meditation Center. Dharma Books. Berkeley, California.
1510:
1440:. Lama Anagarika Govinda. (1976) Dharma Books. Berkeley, California.
1328:
https://www.lotsawahouse.org/tibetan-masters/ngakchang-shakya-zangpo/
1168:
https://www.lotsawahouse.org/tibetan-masters/ngakchang-shakya-zangpo/
446:
410:
makes it one of the largest spherical stupas in Nepal and the world.
1004:
Indo-Tibetan Buddhism: Indian Buddhists and Their Tibetan Successors
481:
currently stands once stood the palace of King Vikramaditya (of the
1377:"Nepal's earthquake-hit Boudhanath stupa reopens after restoration"
1341:
714:
652:
591:
572:
509:
438:
403:
395:
331:
244:
100:
1490:, Kathmandu, Nepal: Shree Boudhanath Area Development Committee,
1303:
https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Ngakchang_Shakya_Zangpo
1281:"Khaasti Mahachaitya, Boudhanath – World Heritage Site of Nepal"
1718:
1531:
1524: : English Translation of the 15th-century Tibetan History
698:
517:
366:
39:
1522:
The History of the Great Jarung Kashor Stupa of Boudhanath
1006:, 2 vols., p. 365. (1987) Shambhala Publications, Boston.
998:
996:
728:
pole or "life tree" for the stupa at the top of the dome.
1251:
Ancient Nepal – Journal of the Department of Archaeology
1238:
Ancient Nepal - Journal of the Department of Archaeology
1103:"खास्ति चैत्य? बौद्धनाथ ? झ्यारुङ खास्योर ?"
1834:
1761:
1631:
1565:
520:, the place was named Khāsti, a combination of the
319:
309:
293:
285:
277:
250:
240:
235:
196:
92:
87:
71:
66:
32:
1403:"Nepal earthquake: Boudhanath monastery reopened"
877:Boudhanath in the full moon day and Buddhajayanti
562:, though he lived a long time before Śākyamuni.
1873:Religious buildings and structures in Kathmandu
1511:Kathmandu heritage sites listed by UNESCO Nepal
889:One of world heritage site of Nepal Boudhastupa
445:) around Boudha. As of 1979, Boudha Stupa is a
1060:"The History of the Great Jarung Kashor Stūpa"
837:Stone head of King Vikramaditya in Bajrayogini
1730:
1543:
1518: : Information on Legends and Prophecies
1486:Karki, Binod; Shrestha, Sachin Yagol (2016),
1438:Psycho-Cosmic Symbolism of the Buddhist Stūpa
1253:, Number 120, October–November 1990, pp. 7–9.
1240:, Number 120, October–November 1990, pp. 1-6.
8:
621:says Boudhanath was founded by the Nepalese
1464:, Kathmandu, Nepal: Ratna Pushtak Bhandar,
413:The stupa is said to entomb the remains of
45:
1737:
1723:
1715:
1550:
1536:
1528:
1033:"Fables of Boudha Stupa and Changunarayan"
865:(during a renovation of Boudhanath temple)
677:resurrected Boudhanath. Princess of Nepal
55:
29:
524:words for dew ("khas") and drops ("ti").
631:
1043:(26). 16–22 August 2000. Archived from
970:
776:
657:Khaasti Stupa in 1950 by William Morris
1216:. Ratna Pustak Bhandar. p. 123.
861:Buddhists praying on the occasion of
733:Boudhanath Area Development Committee
7:
269:Official name: Bauddhanath, part of
1898:5th-century establishments in Nepal
978:Department of Archaeology (Nepal).
1868:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in Nepal
176:
148:
120:
27:Buddhist stupa in Kathmandu, Nepal
25:
1287:. 3 November 2018. Archived from
1157:, pp. 21–29. Keith Dowman (1973).
546:In Buddhist tradition Kāśyapa or
1883:Tourist attractions in Kathmandu
1817:
1745:
1614:
1342:https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=P1698
1317:, pp. 21–29. Keith Dowman (1973)
1194:"Mani Lama's Boudha in pictures"
937:Renovation of Boudhha Nath Stupa
930:
918:
906:
894:
882:
870:
854:
842:
830:
818:
806:
785:
767:Panorama of the Boudhanath stupa
756:
456:, it is one of the most popular
324:
175:
168:
147:
140:
119:
112:
70:
813:Wide view of Boudhanath Stupa
61:Full View of "The Great Stupa"
1:
1908:Buddhist communities of Nepal
1888:World Heritage Sites in Nepal
1077:Prasad, Madhav (2023-06-09).
849:A view of Boudhanath Premises
460:sites in the Kathmandu area.
156:Boudhanath (Bagmati Province)
1109:. 2016-09-25. Archived from
1079:"Major attractions in Nepal"
901:Boudhanath after renovation.
558:, the twenty-seventh of the
477:history of Nepal, where the
159:Show map of Bagmati Province
1037:The Independent, Nepal News
725:April 2015 Nepal earthquake
699:
493:of a male candidate having
367:
1924:
1559:List of monuments in Nepal
1213:Ancient and Medieval Nepal
681:married the King of Tibet
541:yam bu'i mchod rten chenpo
535:Tibetan Buddhist mythology
516:by collecting droplets of
464:Mythology behind formation
261:UNESCO World Heritage Site
46:
1812:
1609:
1516:Boudhanath at Khandro.net
925:Flags Above Bodnath Stupa
560:twenty-nine named Buddhas
503:Sankhu Bajrayogini Temple
359:
347:
267:
258:
106:
54:
40:
37:
1847:Sagarmatha National Park
1132:"Bikram Sambat in Nepal"
596:Aerial view of the stupa
587:(Kha-Shor), mouth-fallen
469:Newar Buddhist mythology
1790:Kathmandu Durbar Square
1775:Bhaktapur Durbar Square
1460:Korn, Wolfgang (2015),
959:List of Stupas in Nepal
665:(r. 755 to 797) of the
254:36 metres (118 ft)
1603:Sudurpashchim Province
1488:The Great Boudha Stupa
1285:The Heritages of Nepal
720:
658:
637:
597:
581:
499:thirty-two perfections
198:Geographic coordinates
128:Shown within Kathmandu
1842:Chitwan National Park
1785:Changu Narayan Temple
1632:Lists by former Zones
780:2015 Nepal Earthquake
718:
661:However, the emperor
656:
635:
595:
576:
435:1959 Tibetan uprising
220:27.72139°N 85.36194°E
131:Show map of Kathmandu
1795:Pashupatinath Temple
1751:World Heritage Sites
443:Budhhist monasteries
1800:Patan Durbar Square
1002:Snellgrove, David.
673:Shakya Zangpo from
619:Gopālarājavaṃśāvalī
450:World Heritage Site
216: /
1409:. 22 November 2016
1383:. 22 November 2016
825:Eyes of Boudhanath
744:Pushpa Kamal Dahal
721:
659:
638:
598:
582:
580:, Boudhanath, 1973
479:Narayanhiti Palace
329:
225:27.72139; 85.36194
184:Boudhanath (Nepal)
1903:Hindu communities
1855:
1854:
1712:
1711:
1566:Lists by Province
1291:on 24 April 2019.
1223:978-0-7855-0252-4
949:Kora (pilgrimage)
796:
473:According to the
379:), also known as
377:bya rung kha shor
365:
337:
336:
304:
187:Show map of Nepal
16:(Redirected from
1915:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1780:Boudhanath Stupa
1749:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1716:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1598:Madhesh Province
1593:Lumbini Province
1588:Karnali Province
1583:Gandaki Province
1578:Bagmati Province
1552:
1545:
1538:
1529:
1500:
1482:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1357:. Nepal Trekking
1351:
1345:
1338:
1332:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1277:
1271:
1260:
1254:
1247:
1241:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1171:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1083:Mosaic Adventure
1074:
1068:
1067:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1029:
1023:
1000:
991:
990:
988:
986:
975:
934:
922:
910:
898:
886:
874:
858:
846:
834:
822:
810:
798:
797:
760:
702:
700:Sa lhag rdo Lhag
613:Licchavi records
556:Śākyamuni Buddha
495:Battis-Lakshanas
419:Kathmandu Valley
370:
364:romanized:
363:
361:
356:Standard Tibetan
354:: खास्ति चैत्य;
349:
330:
328:
327:
298:
271:Kathmandu Valley
231:
230:
228:
227:
226:
221:
217:
214:
213:
212:
209:
188:
179:
178:
172:
160:
151:
150:
144:
132:
123:
122:
116:
59:
49:
48:
47:खास्ति माहाचैत्य
43:
42:
30:
21:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1878:Stupas in Nepal
1858:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1830:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1757:
1743:
1713:
1708:
1627:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1561:
1556:
1507:
1498:
1485:
1472:
1459:
1428:
1426:Further reading
1423:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1300:
1296:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1261:
1257:
1248:
1244:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1208:Shah, Rishikesh
1206:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1178:
1174:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1116:
1114:
1107:Rukshana Kapali
1101:
1100:
1096:
1087:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1058:Samvaw, Padma.
1057:
1056:
1052:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1001:
994:
984:
982:
980:"Bouddha Stupa"
977:
976:
972:
967:
945:
938:
935:
926:
923:
914:
911:
902:
899:
890:
887:
878:
875:
866:
859:
850:
847:
838:
835:
826:
823:
814:
811:
802:
799:
786:
775:
770:
769:
768:
766:
761:
752:
713:
711:2015 Earthquake
651:
649:Tibetan records
615:
610:
537:
491:human sacrifice
471:
466:
325:
323:
263:
224:
222:
218:
215:
210:
207:
205:
203:
202:
192:
191:
190:
189:
186:
185:
182:
181:
180:
163:
162:
161:
158:
157:
154:
153:
152:
135:
134:
133:
130:
129:
126:
125:
124:
62:
50:
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1921:
1919:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1893:Newa Heritages
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1860:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1573:Koshi Province
1569:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1506:
1505:External links
1503:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1483:
1470:
1457:
1435:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1394:
1368:
1355:"Boudha Stupa"
1346:
1333:
1319:
1307:
1294:
1272:
1255:
1242:
1229:
1222:
1199:
1185:
1172:
1159:
1147:
1136:vijayvaani.com
1123:
1094:
1069:
1050:
1047:on 2007-02-09.
1024:
992:
969:
968:
966:
963:
962:
961:
956:
951:
944:
941:
940:
939:
936:
929:
927:
924:
917:
915:
912:
905:
903:
900:
893:
891:
888:
881:
879:
876:
869:
867:
863:Buddha Jayanti
860:
853:
851:
848:
841:
839:
836:
829:
827:
824:
817:
815:
812:
805:
803:
800:
784:
782:
774:
771:
763:
762:
755:
754:
753:
751:
748:
741:Prime Minister
712:
709:
683:Songtsen Gampo
667:Tibetan Empire
663:Trisong Detsen
650:
647:
614:
611:
609:
606:
548:Kassapa Buddha
536:
533:
475:Newar Buddhist
470:
467:
465:
462:
415:Kassapa Buddha
385:Khasti Chaitya
368:Jarung Khashor
335:
334:
321:
317:
316:
311:
307:
306:
305:, revised 2006
295:
291:
290:
287:
283:
282:
279:
275:
274:
265:
264:
259:
256:
255:
252:
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
233:
232:
200:
194:
193:
183:
174:
173:
167:
166:
165:
164:
155:
146:
145:
139:
138:
137:
136:
127:
118:
117:
111:
110:
109:
108:
107:
104:
103:
94:
90:
89:
85:
84:
75:
69:
68:
64:
63:
60:
52:
51:
38:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1920:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1815:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1770:Swayambhunath
1768:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1612:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1497:9789937005326
1493:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1471:9789937330848
1467:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1454:0-913546-36-4
1451:
1447:
1446:0-913546-35-6
1443:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:9788121506908
1265:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1181:Tamang people
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1113:on 2018-01-26
1112:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1064:lotsawa house
1061:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1020:0-87773-379-1
1017:
1013:
1012:0-87773-311-2
1009:
1005:
999:
997:
993:
981:
974:
971:
964:
960:
957:
955:
954:Swayambhunath
952:
950:
947:
946:
942:
933:
928:
921:
916:
909:
904:
897:
892:
885:
880:
873:
868:
864:
857:
852:
845:
840:
833:
828:
821:
816:
809:
804:
783:
781:
777:
772:
765:
759:
749:
747:
745:
742:
738:
734:
729:
726:
717:
710:
708:
706:
701:
694:
690:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
655:
648:
646:
642:
634:
630:
626:
624:
620:
612:
607:
605:
601:
594:
590:
588:
579:
578:Prayer wheels
575:
571:
568:
567:ma bya rzi ma
563:
561:
557:
554:who preceded
553:
549:
544:
542:
534:
532:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
468:
463:
461:
459:
455:
452:. Along with
451:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:Bagmati River
424:
420:
416:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
392:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
360:བྱ་རུང་ཁ་ཤོར།
357:
353:
345:
341:
333:
322:
318:
315:
312:
310:Reference no.
308:
302:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
273:
272:
266:
262:
257:
253:
249:
246:
243:
239:
234:
229:
201:
199:
195:
171:
143:
115:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
86:
83:
79:
76:
74:
65:
58:
53:
36:
33:Bouddha Stupa
31:
19:
1825:Nepal portal
1622:Nepal portal
1487:
1461:
1437:
1431:
1411:. Retrieved
1406:
1397:
1385:. Retrieved
1381:The Guardian
1380:
1371:
1359:. Retrieved
1349:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1301:
1297:
1289:the original
1284:
1275:
1258:
1250:
1245:
1237:
1232:
1212:
1202:
1188:
1175:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1139:. Retrieved
1135:
1126:
1115:. Retrieved
1111:the original
1106:
1097:
1086:. Retrieved
1082:
1072:
1063:
1053:
1045:the original
1040:
1036:
1027:
1003:
983:. Retrieved
973:
732:
730:
722:
695:
691:
687:
660:
643:
639:
627:
618:
616:
602:
599:
586:
583:
566:
564:
545:
540:
538:
526:
507:
498:
494:
487:dhunge dhara
472:
412:
388:
384:
380:
376:
339:
338:
268:
251:Height (max)
236:Architecture
1649:Dhawalagiri
522:Nepal Bhasa
320:State Party
289:iii, iv, vi
223: /
73:Affiliation
1862:Categories
1699:Sagarmatha
1141:2018-01-25
1117:2018-01-25
1088:2023-06-25
965:References
913:Boudhanath
381:Boudhanath
314:121bis-005
294:Designated
211:85°21′43″E
208:27°43′17″N
1480:26451007M
1413:22 August
1387:22 August
1361:22 August
454:Swayambhu
423:Charumati
400:Kathmandu
97:Kathmandu
1762:Cultural
1689:Narayani
1679:Mahakali
1659:Janakpur
1407:BBC News
1210:(1990).
1014:(v. 1);
943:See also
750:Panorama
705:Chabahil
679:Bhrikuti
623:Licchavi
550:was the
529:Hinduism
483:Licchavi
431:Lalitpur
348:बौद्धनाथ
286:Criteria
281:Cultural
93:Location
88:Location
82:Hinduism
78:Buddhism
67:Religion
41:बौद्धनाथ
1835:Natural
1805:Lumbini
1674:Lumbini
1664:Karnali
1654:Gandaki
1639:Bagmati
1022:(v. 2).
773:Gallery
675:Helambu
608:History
514:drought
458:tourist
408:mandala
391:Chaitya
340:Bouddha
301:session
18:Khaasti
1494:
1478:
1468:
1456:(pbk).
1452:
1444:
1266:
1220:
1018:
1010:
778:After
552:Buddha
447:UNESCO
439:gompas
389:Khāsa
352:Newari
344:Nepali
1755:Nepal
1694:Rapti
1684:Mechi
1644:Bheri
985:3 May
671:Yolmo
510:stupa
497:, or
404:Nepal
396:stupa
394:is a
373:Wylie
332:Nepal
299:(3rd
297:1979
245:Stupa
101:Nepal
1704:Seti
1669:Kosi
1492:ISBN
1466:ISBN
1450:ISBN
1442:ISBN
1415:2019
1389:2019
1363:2019
1264:ISBN
1218:ISBN
1016:ISBN
1008:ISBN
987:2014
723:The
617:The
387:and
278:Type
241:Type
1753:in
518:dew
429:to
398:in
1864::
1476:OL
1474:,
1448:;
1405:.
1379:.
1283:.
1134:.
1105:.
1081:.
1062:.
1039:.
1035:.
995:^
737:$
531:.
505:.
402:,
383:,
375::
371:,
362:,
358::
350:;
346::
99:,
80:,
1738:e
1731:t
1724:v
1551:e
1544:t
1537:v
1417:.
1391:.
1365:.
1226:.
1196:.
1183:"
1179:"
1144:.
1120:.
1091:.
1066:.
1041:X
989:.
441:(
342:(
303:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
