1177:
1285:
1228:
1591:
1369:
1261:
1227:
1537:
73:
1176:
634:
2106:
Kadagestan offers alms to the local god of the region of Rob, known as Kamird, for the health of (her) child. Inaba, arguing for the Khalaj identity of the kings of Kabul, takes this document as a proof that the Khalaj princess is from Kabul and has been offered to the (Hephthalite) king of
Kadagestan, thus becoming the lady of that region. The identification of Kadagestan as a Hephthalite stronghold is based on Grenet's suggestion of the survival of Hephthalite minor stares in this region,' and is in con-
79:
2120:, p. 98: "His ancestors, after having migrated from Turkistan, had lived for over 200 years in the Helmand valley and Lamghan, parts of Afghanistan called Garmasir or the hot region, and had adopted Afghan manners and customs. They were, therefore, looked upon as Afghans by the Turkish nobles in India as they had intermarried with local Afghans and adopted their customs and manners. They were looked down as non Turks by Turks."
3517:
1284:
2151:"The prejudice of Turks was however misplaced in this case, for Khaljis were actually ethnic Turks. But they had settled in Afghanistan long before the Turkish rule was established there, and had over the centuries adopted Afghan customs and practices, intermarried with the local people, and were therefore looked down on as non-Turks by pure-bred Turks."
1260:
981:
are of the opinion that they are indeed two separate individuals. The former found the name Dawlat Shah Khalji among
Iltutmish's regional officers, and considered Balka to be a different rebel. Similarly, Ahmed wrote that Dawlat Shah bin Mawdud was ousted by fellow tribesman Balka Khalji who was
836:
to have assassinated bed-ridden
Bakhtiyar. Nevertheless, Bakhtiyar's death marked the beginning of an internal feud between his senior officers. Shiran, who was governing the capital, immediately visited Devkot where he paid his respects to his deceased leader and was nominated as Bakhtiyar's
687:. According to R.S. Chaurasia, the Khaljis slowly inherited many Afghan habits and customs, and that they were treated as Afghans by the Turkic nobles of the Delhi Sultanate. Even to the point where Turkic nobles in the Delhi Sultanate opposed Khalji ascension to the throne of Delhi after the
2105:
A Bactrian
Document (BD T) from this period brings interesting information about the area to our attention. In it, dated to BE 476 (701 AD), a princess identified as `Bag-aziyas, the Great Turkish Princess, the Queen of Qutlugh Tapaghligh Bilga Sävüg, the Princess of the Khalach, the Lady of
2179:"The Khaljis were a Turkish tribe but having been long domiciled in Afghanistan, had adopted some Afghan habits and customs. They were treated as Afghans in Delhi Court. They were regarded as barbarians. The Turkish nobles had opposed the ascent of Jalal-ud-din to the throne of Delhi."
900:, he also executed a large number of Khalji noblemen. Variously described as a madman and tyrant, the Khalji nobles rejected Ali Mardan's rule and eventually conspired against him. The assassination of Ali Mardan marked the end of the internal feud, referred to as the "
790:
Given the considerable overland distance between Delhi and Bengal, the
Khaljis had carved an independent territory of the own, establishing their own administration system. Bakhtiyar became the dynasty's first ruler, and the conquered territory was divided into
1590:
2008:
The Khalji rebellion was welcomed by the non-Turkish sections in the nobility. The
Khaljis who were of a mixed Turkish-Afghan origin, did not exclude the Turks from high offices, but the rise of the Khaljis to power ended the Turkish monopoly of high
969:, who first translated the book into English, found the mention of Ikhtiyaruddin Dawlat Shah Balka in two manuscripts, both of which claimed he was Iwaz's son. Other historians provide names like Iran Shah Balka Khalji. The English writer
1910:
Although the
Afghans formed a large group in the army of the Delhi Sultanat, only few Afghan nobles had been accorded important positions . That is why Bakhtiyar Khalji who was part – Afghan had to seek his fortune in Bihar and Bengal
1368:
1874:
Although the
Afghans formed a large group in the army of the Delhi Sultanat, only few Afghan nobles had been accorded important positions. That is why Bakhtiyar Khalji who was part – Afghan had to seek his fortune in Bihar and
1925:
Hutchinson's story of the nations, containing the
Egyptians, the Chinese, India, the Babylonian nation, the Hittites, the Assyrians, the Phoenicians and the Carthaginians, the Phrygians, the Lydians, and other nations of Asia
850:. Shiran maintained the former policies and reinstated the titles of the pro-Mardan rebels to maintain peace. This peace was however short-lived as Ali Mardan managed to escape the prison in 1208 and flee to the
698:
in the thirteenth century the Khalji were regarded as a separate people distinct from the Turks. The so-called “Khalji revolution” was the transfer of power from a
Turkish ruling elite to a non-Turkish one.
911:
With the absence of conflict, Iwaz Khalji managed to significantly develop the territory as its ruler. He founded Bengal's first naval force, innovated flood defence systems and linked Lakhnauti with the
3628:
2189:
2363:
Tabaḳāt-i-nāsiri: a general history of the Muhammadan dynastics of Asia, including Hindustān, from A.H. 194 (810 A.D.) to A.H. 658 (1260 A.D.) and the irruption of the infidel Mughals into Islām
620:
managed to conquer Bengal in 1227; although the Khaljis briefly reasserted their independence, they surrendered to the Mamluks in 1231, who replaced them with a series of regional governors.
1975:
In 1290, the Turk-Afghan Khalji clan ended the first mamluk dynasty and then ruled in Delhi until one of their own Turkish mamluk commanders rebelled and established his own Tugluq dynasty
876:
on the way to confront Shiran, which pleased Rumi. Shiran refused to surrender and a battle took place between the Khaljis and the Delhi forces. Upon the Delhi victory, Shiran fled to
947:
died in 1229 and the Khaljis managed to briefly regain control. Historians differ as to whether it was one or two members of the Khalji tribe that ruled before the installation of
822:, though this was not enough to gain victory over the Tibetans. Failing to conquer Tibet, Bakhtiyar returned to Devkot severely ill and with only one hundred men. The
3453:
Obverse: horseman to left holding a mace, margin with date in Nagari Samvat 1262 Bhadrapada . Reverse : legend in Nagari śrīmat mahamada sāmaḥ . Issued in AD 1204
3623:
72:
1162:
The Khalji dynasty of Bengal used an innovative coinage with the warlike imagery of an armed ruler on his horse. The legends were usually bilingual, using the
2216:
1604:
944:
933:
606:
1536:
1143:
766:
In a short amount of time, the Khaljis became established and Bakhtiyar began to successfully carry out raids towards the east. After subjugating
3032:
The Muslim Heritage of Bengal: The Lives, Thoughts and Achievements of Great Muslim Scholars, Writers and Reformers of Bangladesh and West Bengal
883:
In 1210, Ali Mardan returned to Bengal and the governorship was conceded to him by Iwaz Khalji. After Sultan Aibak's death, Ali Mardan had the
3476:
3446:
3416:
2850:
2539:
2144:
2098:
2001:
1968:
1831:
807:
695:
3361:
3261:
3195:
3126:
3061:
2985:
2919:
2804:
2739:
2670:
2605:
2489:
2304:
2279:
2226:
2199:
2172:
2032:
1251:
1242:
932:
and the Khalji territory was expanded to its greatest extent. In 1227, Iwaz was killed in battle by an army led by Iltutmish's son
2243:
501:
487:
462:
448:
2253:
1806:
1751:
3353:
3253:
3187:
3118:
2977:
2911:
2796:
2731:
2662:
2597:
2481:
1346:
748:
638:
574:
2022:
3618:
759:, the Khaljis proceeded eastwards where they commanded different troops and were granted land-estates in places such as
2088:
1958:
973:
discovered coins which bear the name of Dawlat Shah bin (son of) Mawdud in 627 AH (1230 CE). Modern historians such as
2443:. Institute of Indology. Vol. 4. Calcutta: Calcutta Institute of Indology, Indian Publicity Society. p. 52.
1837:
970:
280:
275:
3300:
Siddiq, Mohammad Yusuf (2011). "Sufism, Sheikhs and Khanqahs of Bengal". In Alam, Ishrat; Hussain, Syed Ijaz (eds.).
2269:
1987:
1100:,> the khanqah contains the earliest known stone inscription mentioning a Muslim ruler in Bengal. In the 1230s,
1774:, his rule was considered illegitimate by the Khalji nobles themselves which was the reason for his assassination.
916:. He was the first Khalji ruler to officially declare independence as a Sultan, which caused conflict with Sultan
593:, Bengal experienced major developments such as its first naval force, flood defence systems and linkage with the
3082:
1892:
Turk-Afghan Rule: Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji's invasion to Bengal marked the advent of Turk-Afghan rule in Bengal.
1856:
Turk-Afghan Rule: Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji's invasion to Bengal marked the advent of Turk-Afghan rule in Bengal.
1633:
1218:
353:
3633:
2427:
Bakhtyār fairly completed his conquest of the Varendra tract with the ... city of Gaur before the year 599 A.H.
1736:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1254:
in Arabic. Struck AD 1204–1205. This is his earliest coinage in Bengal, using both Sanskrit and Arabic legends.
381:
908:. The Khalji nobles appointed Iwaz to return as Bengal's governor, though this time as an independent sultan.
3165:
3096:
2872:
2709:
1827:
1205:
974:
710:
2559:
1941:
1923:
3600:
1400:
1295:
1147:
1086:
995:
978:
829:
815:
633:
610:
230:
173:
96:
1796:
3077:
Begum, Shabnam (1994). "Socio-political contact of Muslims with Bengal: Sultan Ghiasuddin Iwaz Khilji".
2959:
2876:
1741:
1715:
under the Mamluk dynasty followed (1231–1287), some of them at time claiming independence. From 1287, a
721:
who later merged with the Afghans. Also, stating that "at that time they were not perceived as Turks or
217:
1127:
3027:
2370:. Calcutta, India: Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal (printed by Gilbert & Rivington). p. 548.
2367:
1139:
1005:
966:
3438:
The Coins of the Indian Sultanates: Covering the Area of Present-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
3053:
2893:
1096:
1049:
982:
opposed to Delhi overlordship, and was then replaced by Alauddin Jani by the Delhi administration.
778:
three years later. Subsequently, Bakhtiyar went on to capture the capital and the principal city,
562:
419:
2048:
880:
where he later died. Iwaz was thereafter appointed to govern Bengal under the vassalage of Delhi.
2846:
1151:
877:
859:
840:
Shiran's first principal task was marching against Ali Mardan and his supporters who had fled to
184:
889:(Friday sermon) read in his own name like his Khalji predecessors but also assumed the title of
832:
states that Bakhtiyar died of illness, although it also mentions that some narrators considered
736:
who were Turkicized. These Khalaj were later Afghanized and are believed to be the ancestors of
1036:(Islamic scholars and teachers). He also arranged for the arrival of Muslim preachers from the
589:
until his death in 1206, though their rule in Bengal was mostly independent. Under the rule of
78:
3568:
3472:
3466:
3442:
3412:
3406:
3367:
3357:
3267:
3257:
3201:
3191:
3132:
3122:
3057:
2991:
2981:
2925:
2915:
2810:
2800:
2745:
2735:
2676:
2666:
2611:
2601:
2535:
2531:
The River of Golden Sand: The Narrative of a Journey Through China and Eastern Tibet to Burmah
2495:
2485:
2444:
2418:
2389:
2335:
2300:
2275:
2249:
2222:
2195:
2168:
2140:
2134:
2094:
2062:
2028:
1997:
1964:
1802:
1746:
1514:
1267:
1090:
1082:
1009:
1004:(Islamic school), possibly the first in the Bengal region. The 21st-century British historian
855:
841:
833:
800:
760:
756:
688:
646:
151:
3100:
2529:
1044:; for example, Jalaluddin bin Jamaluddin Ghaznavi, who had travelled from the Ghurid capital
811:
779:
598:
301:
3316:
3050:
Epigraphy and Islamic Culture: Inscriptions of the Early Muslim Rulers of Bengal (1205-1494)
2361:
1693:
1672:
1644:
1623:
1579:
1558:
1525:
1498:
1460:
1439:
1411:
1390:
1357:
1336:
1183:
1078:
1060:
953:
913:
824:
744:
594:
586:
566:
544:
536:
494:
311:
195:
162:
52:
36:
1114:
continue to celebrate the achievements of Bakhtiyar and his dynasty, who first established
990:
The Khaljis were the first Muslim dynasty to rule Bengal, and played a role in influencing
3375:
3275:
3209:
3169:
3140:
2999:
2933:
2818:
2753:
2684:
2619:
2503:
2410:
2381:
2323:
1724:
1111:
1074:
1056:
1019:
905:
851:
729:
480:
239:
3235:
1142:
demonstrated Khalji as a hero in their poems. Locals have preserved the Pirpal Dargah of
818:. Gathering his army in 1206, Bakhtiyar managed to also gain the support of tribal chief
3335:
2463:
1233:
Another type of Bengal coinage of Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji as Governor (1204–1206 CE).
920:
of Delhi on more than one occasion. During his reign, invasions were carried out across
3343:
3243:
3177:
3108:
2967:
2901:
2782:
2721:
2713:
2652:
2648:
2587:
2471:
1119:
991:
929:
752:
660:
467:
292:
Location of the Khaljis of Bengal and neighbouring South Asian polities, circa 1230 CE.
257:
125:
116:
2398:
Bakhtyār led his army a second time in the direction of Bihar in the year... 1200 A.D.
3612:
3339:
3239:
3173:
3104:
2963:
2897:
2786:
2778:
2717:
2644:
2583:
2467:
2130:
1196:
1167:
1163:
948:
921:
714:
706:
702:
668:
664:
656:
582:
266:
248:
206:
138:
2579:
998:, who was alive during the Khalji rule, credits Bakhtiyar for the construction of a
3585:
3492:
1682:
1101:
1041:
1027:
962:
676:
652:
602:
578:
453:
366:
107:
1960:
An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century
3562:
3436:
2162:
1991:
3348:
3248:
3182:
3113:
2972:
2906:
2791:
2726:
2657:
2592:
2476:
1568:
1449:
1291:
1037:
1015:
867:
796:
684:
680:
672:
590:
570:
327:
3408:
Objects of Translation: Material Culture and Medieval "Hindu-Muslim" Encounter
1123:
1008:
describes Khalji as a "pioneer of Islamic thought, culture and civilisation".
519:
3572:
2566:
all the Khilji nobles acknowledged him as their chief and paid homage to him.
3379:
3371:
3279:
3271:
3213:
3205:
3144:
3136:
3003:
2995:
2937:
2929:
2822:
2814:
2757:
2749:
2688:
2680:
2623:
2615:
2507:
2499:
2448:
1135:
965:, who had rebelled after Mahmud's death. The 19th-century British historian
958:
917:
725:. Contemporary historians clearly distinguish the Khaljis from the Turks"
613:
337:
1063:
and northwestern Bengal during his father's reign. In his governorship, a
2422:
2393:
2339:
1012:
has also been credited for building mosques and bridges during his reign.
1105:
1070:
1045:
957:
provide different names of Jani's predecessor(s). The chronicle mentions
819:
771:
683:
as early as 660 CE, where they ruled the region of Kabul as the Buddhist
936:
who once again established Bengal as a province of the Delhi Sultanate.
1906:
Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526)
1870:
Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526)
1065:
1000:
885:
722:
679:
from Central Asia, into the southern and eastern regions of modern-day
85:
3435:
Goron, Stan; Goenka, J. P.; Robinson (numismatist.), Michael (2001).
1294:. Governor of Bengal, AH 614-616 AD 1217–1220. Struck in the name of
1201:
1187:
1023:
925:
891:
846:
775:
737:
733:
558:
554:
316:
1186:(1204–1206 CE). Struck in the name of Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad, dated
1118:
as Bengal's state religion. His name is frequently mentioned in the
1048:
to give religious lectures in the Khalji court, was awarded 18,000
2331:
1115:
1032:
872:
870:
showed no hostility to the Delhi army as they marched through his
863:
792:
767:
751:, they desired to be employed by the provincial Delhi army of the
632:
617:
523:
3079:
Bengal's contribution to Islamic studies during the 18th century
896:, which the former Khalji rulers had not done. According to the
866:; this was the first invasion of Bengal by the Delhi Sultanate.
718:
3302:
The Varied Facets of History: Essays in Honour of Aniruddha Ray
1237:: horseman galloping, holding lance with Nagari legend around (
844:, and had Ali Mardan imprisoned by of Baba Isfahani, the local
1239:
1093:
of Muslim preacher Makhdum Shah. Praising Sultan Iwaz Shah as
1022:
and culture in Khalji Bengal as he was known for establishing
3465:
Kundra, D. N.; Prakashan, Goyal Brothers (1 December 2019).
2558:
Salim, Gulam Hussain; tr. from Persian; Abdus Salam (1902).
1833:
Social History of the Muslims in Bengal (Down to A.D. 1538)
1278:: Name and titles of Rukn al-Din ‘Ali Mardan in five lines.
2564:. Asiatic Society, Baptist Mission Press. pp. 69–73.
1719:
declared independence from the Mamluks (1287–1324), until
3352:(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust,
3252:(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust,
3186:(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust,
3117:(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust,
2976:(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust,
2910:(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust,
2795:(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust,
2730:(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust,
2661:(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust,
2596:(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust,
2480:(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust,
1801:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 37, 147.
2117:
1104:
also commissioned a mosque in the village of Naohata in
2194:(Volume 3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. 2010.
1146:
which contains Bakhtiyar's tomb as well as the tomb of
961:
travelling to Bengal with the intention of suppressing
585:. The Khaljis initially pledged allegiance to Sultan
3629:
States and territories established in the 13th century
2417:. Vol. II. Patna: Academica Asiatica. p. 8.
2388:. Vol. II. Patna: Academica Asiatica. p. 3.
2164:
History of medieval India: from 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.
2090:
ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity
671:
origin who migrated together with their ancestors the
2366:. Bibliotheca Indica #78. Vol. 1. Translated by
1307:
3349:
Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
3249:
Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
3183:
Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
3114:
Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
2973:
Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
2907:
Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
2792:
Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
2727:
Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
2658:
Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
2593:
Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
2477:
Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
16:
Muslim rulers in the Indian subcontinent (1204–1231)
2297:
The Turks, Iran and the Caucasus in the Middle Ages
951:as Bengal's governor. Different manuscripts of the
515:
415:
401:
391:
377:
360:
347:
333:
323:
307:
297:
23:
2528:William John Gill; Henry Yule (9 September 2010).
2218:The Making of the Indo-Islamic World C.700-1800 CE
2136:The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate
2024:The Making of the Indo-Islamic World C.700–1800 CE
858:to intervene. The Sultan dispatched an army under
3411:. Princeton University Press. pp. 115–117.
3315:Ahmed, Riffat; Khan, Khaled (16 December 2020).
3030:(21 October 2013). "Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji".
2274:. Oxford University Press. 2021. p. 469.
2248:(Volume 2 ed.). E.J. Brill. p. 116.
1770:Despite Ali Mardan also claiming the title of
1737:List of rulers of Bengal (Delhi Sultanate era)
1274:: Horseman with mint and date formula around.
810:not long after, and so entrusted the capital,
795:which were granted to other Khalji tribesmen.
2245:Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World
1607:as Mamluk Delhi Sultanate Governor of Bengal
1506:
755:. After being refused rank by Delhi governor
42:
28:
8:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
1298:, Sultan of Delhi. Dated AH 614 (AD 1217/8).
605:, later expanding eastwards and southwards.
2093:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 165.
3579:
3468:I.C.S.E. History & Civics for Class IX
2841:
2839:
2534:. Cambridge University Press. p. 43.
2330:. Vol. II: Muslim Period, 1200–1757.
2221:. Cambridge University Press. p. 80.
1687:
1666:
1638:
1617:
1573:
1552:
1519:
1492:
1488:
1454:
1433:
1405:
1384:
1351:
1330:
549:
44:
20:
3564:The History of India, 1000 A.D.-1707 A.D.
3471:. Goyal Brothers Prakashan. p. 176.
3043:
3041:
3022:
3020:
2318:
2316:
837:rightful successor by the Khalji nobles.
2553:
2551:
2063:"ḴALAJ i. TRIBE – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
1943:Indo-Muslim Polity (Turko-Afghan Period)
1929:. London, Hutchinson. 1910. p. 169.
1822:
1820:
1818:
3567:(Second ed.). Shiva Lal Agarwala.
1787:
1763:
1172:
597:. The dynasty was based in the city of
3624:Medieval empires and kingdoms of India
3544:History of Bengal, Turko-Afghan Period
3400:
3398:
3396:
2878:The foundation of Muslim rule in India
2271:Verb-Verb Complexes in Asian Languages
1957:Fisher, Michael H. (18 October 2018).
3441:. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 146.
3430:
3428:
2847:"Far East Kingdoms : South Asia"
2087:Rezakhani, Khodadad (15 March 2017).
1946:. Indian Institute of Advanced Study.
1890:. Arihant Experts. 2019. p. 15.
1854:. Arihant Experts. 2019. p. 15.
994:in the region. The Persian historian
743:Many of them traced their origins to
565:. The dynasty, which hailed from the
400:
390:
386:
359:
346:
342:
7:
2334:: Academica Asiatica. pp. 3–8.
2027:. Cambridge University. p. 63.
799:was appointed to govern Kangori and
705:however, states that Khaljis were a
659:, are said to have been initially a
3405:Flood, Finbarr B. (20 March 2018).
2561:Riyazu-s-Salatin: History of Bengal
637:An early 20th-century depiction of
548:
2853:from the original on 11 April 2019
2191:The New Cambridge History of Islam
1993:History of Medieval India:800-1700
696:The New Cambridge History of Islam
14:
3561:Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava (1966).
3546:. Kalyani Publishers. p. 59.
2299:. Variorum Reprints. p. 53.
1130:glorified the Khalji conquest in
3522:Classical Numismatic Group Coins
3497:Classical Numismatic Group Coins
3334:Akhtaruzzaman, Muhammad (2012).
1798:A Historical atlas of South Asia
1795:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
1589:
1535:
1367:
1283:
1259:
1226:
1215:srima ha/ mira mahama /da saamah
1175:
782:, and conquered much of Bengal.
499:
485:
460:
446:
77:
71:
3048:Siddiq, Mohammad Yusuf (2015).
2161:Radhey Shyam Chaurasia (2002).
1246:"The Glorious Mohammed Sam").
1069:was endowed by Ibn Muhammad of
1018:was the most notable patron of
2958:Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012).
2892:Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012).
2785:; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012).
2651:; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012).
2462:Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012).
2139:. Penguin Books. p. 126.
1996:. Orient Longman. p. 93.
1963:. Cambridge University Press.
1752:List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
1326:Malik al-Ghāzī Ikhtiyār ad-Dīn
1252:Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad bin Sam
1:
3354:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
3254:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
3188:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
3119:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
2978:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
2960:"Balka Khalji, Ikhtiyaruddin"
2912:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
2797:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
2732:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
2663:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
2598:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
2482:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
2118:Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava 1966
1089:. This khanqah now holds the
986:Cultural influence and legacy
728:The Khalaj are, according to
1341:মালিক আল-গাজী ইখতিয়ারউদ্দীন
1055:Iwaz Khalji's son and heir,
770:in 1200, his forces entered
747:and under the leadership of
709:group and remnants of early
655:origin whose ancestors, the
2439:Sen, Amulyachandra (1954).
2295:Minorsky, Vladimir (1978).
1940:Khan, Yusuf Husain (1971).
1888:Know Your State West Bengal
1852:Know Your State West Bengal
1838:Asiatic Society of Pakistan
1717:Balban dynasty of Lakhnauti
1713:various Governors of Bengal
1134:whilst award-winning poets
3650:
3542:Roy, Atul Chandra (1986).
1030:and giving pension to the
963:Ikhtiyaruddin Balka Khalji
854:where he requested Sultan
651:The Khalji dynasty was of
644:
639:Muhammad Bhakhtiyar Khilji
3597:
3590:
3582:
3493:"Rukn al-Din 'Ali Mardan"
3083:Aligarh Muslim University
1723:were appointed under the
1711:In the following period,
1697:
1676:
1648:
1627:
1602:
1583:
1562:
1529:
1507:
1502:
1464:
1443:
1415:
1394:
1361:
1347:Muhammad Bakhtiyār Khaljī
1340:
1313:
1310:
749:Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji
575:Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji
573:, was founded in 1204 by
540:
425:
411:
387:
373:
354:Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji
343:
66:
61:
43:
29:
3346:; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.).
3246:; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.).
3180:; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.).
3111:; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.).
2970:; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.).
2904:; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.).
2894:"Daulat Shah Bin Maudud"
2873:Habibullah, Abu Mohammed
2724:; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.).
2590:; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.).
2578:Hussain, Delwar (2012).
2474:; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.).
2360:Minhāju-s Sirāj (1881).
1904:Chandra, Satish (2004).
1868:Chandra, Satish (2004).
1319:
1316:
1108:during his short-reign.
806:Bakhtiyar initiated his
629:Origin and establishment
382:Middle Kingdoms of India
1721:new Governors of Bengal
1450:ʿIwaz bin Ḥusayn Khalji
1331:ملک الغازی اختیار الدین
1268:Rukn al-Din ‘Ali Mardan
1144:Narayanpur, Gangarampur
975:Abu Mohammed Habibullah
3518:"Ghiyath al-Din 'Iwad"
3321:Daily Asian Age Online
3234:Shanawaz, AKM (2012).
2167:Atlantic. p. 28.
1634:Dawlat Shāh bin Mawdūd
1613:Shāhanshāh ʿAlā ad-Dīn
1401:Muhammad Sherān Khaljī
1296:Shams al-Din Iltutmish
1148:Muhammad Shiran Khalji
1059:, was the governor of
996:Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani
830:Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani
816:Muhammad Shiran Khalji
667:people of possibly of
642:
569:region of present-day
403:• Disestablished
3317:"Horses of Bakhtiyar"
2881:. Central Book Depot.
2441:Rajagriha and Nalanda
2415:The History of Bengal
2386:The History of Bengal
2328:The History of Bengal
1742:History of Bangladesh
1662:Malik Ikhtiyār ad-Dīn
1548:Sultān Ghiyāth ad-Dīn
1362:মুহম্মদ বখতিয়ার খলজী
1250:: name and titles of
1209:"August, year 1262".
636:
308:Common languages
3054:Taylor & Francis
3028:Muhammad Mojlum Khan
2368:Henry George Raverty
2242:Wink, André (1991).
2215:Wink, André (2020).
2021:Wink, Andre (2020).
1677:মালিক ইখতিয়ারউদ্দীন
1006:Muhammad Mojlum Khan
979:ABM Shamsuddin Ahmed
967:Henry George Raverty
717:, Hephthalites, and
557:dynasty to rule the
3619:Dynasties of Bengal
3056:. pp. 64, 92.
1563:সুলতান গিয়াসউদ্দীন
1217:"The Glorious Emir
563:Indian subcontinent
393:• Established
3304:. p. 147-148.
3101:"Tabaqat-i-Nasiri"
3034:. Kube Publishing.
1649:দৌলত শাহ বিন মওদূদ
1628:শাহেনশাহ আলাউদ্দীন
1618:شاهنشاه علاء الدین
1515:ʿAlī Mardān Khaljī
1484:Sultān ʿAlā ad-Dīn
1465:ইওজ বিন হোসেন খলজী
1429:Malik Husām ad-Dīn
1416:মুহম্মদ শিরান খলজী
1052:for this service.
643:
3607:
3606:
3598:Succeeded by
3478:978-93-88676-77-9
3448:978-81-215-1010-3
3418:978-0-691-18074-8
3342:; Miah, Sajahan;
3242:; Miah, Sajahan;
3176:; Miah, Sajahan;
3107:; Miah, Sajahan;
2966:; Miah, Sajahan;
2900:; Miah, Sajahan;
2781:; Miah, Sajahan;
2720:; Miah, Sajahan;
2647:; Miah, Sajahan;
2586:; Miah, Sajahan;
2541:978-1-108-01953-8
2470:; Miah, Sajahan;
2146:978-93-5118-658-8
2100:978-1-4744-0030-5
2067:iranicaonline.org
2003:978-81-250-3226-7
1970:978-1-107-11162-2
1747:History of Bengal
1709:
1708:
1700:
1690:
1679:
1669:
1651:
1641:
1639:دولت شاه بن مودود
1630:
1620:
1605:Nasiruddin Mahmud
1586:
1576:
1565:
1555:
1532:
1522:
1511:
1495:
1480:Malik Rukn ad-Dīn
1467:
1457:
1446:
1444:মালিক হুসামউদ্দীন
1436:
1418:
1408:
1397:
1387:
1380:Malik ʿIzz ad-Dīn
1364:
1354:
1343:
1333:
1213:: Nagari legend:
1091:mazar (mausoleum)
1081:(August 1221) in
1020:Islamic education
1010:Ali Mardan Khalji
945:Nasiruddin Mahmud
934:Nasiruddin Mahmud
856:Qutb al-Din Aibak
834:Ali Mardan Khalji
801:Ali Mardan Khalji
757:Qutb al-Din Aibak
689:Khalji Revolution
647:History of Bengal
607:Nasiruddin Mahmud
529:
528:
511:
510:
507:
506:
473:
472:
349:• 1204–1206
3641:
3583:Preceded by
3580:
3576:
3548:
3547:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3432:
3423:
3422:
3402:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3045:
3036:
3035:
3024:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2555:
2546:
2545:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2411:Sarkar, Jadunath
2407:
2401:
2400:
2382:Sarkar, Jadunath
2378:
2372:
2371:
2357:
2344:
2343:
2324:Sarkar, Jadunath
2320:
2311:
2310:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2049:"ḴALAJ i. TRIBE"
2045:
2039:
2038:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1824:
1813:
1812:
1792:
1775:
1768:
1699:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1678:
1671:
1668:
1667:ملک اختیار الدین
1665:
1650:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1593:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1553:سلطان غیاث الدین
1551:
1539:
1531:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1510:
1509:
1508:সুলতান আলাউদ্দীন
1504:
1503:মালিক রোকনউদ্দীন
1497:
1494:
1490:
1489:سلطان علاء الدین
1487:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1455:عوض بن حسین خلجی
1453:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1396:
1395:মালিক ইজ্জউদ্দীন
1389:
1386:
1383:
1371:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1352:محمد بختیار خلجی
1350:
1342:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1311:Titular Name(s)
1308:
1287:
1263:
1230:
1195:: Horseman with
1184:Bakhtiyar Khalji
1179:
1128:Mufakharul Islam
1097:Amir al-Mu'minin
954:Tabaqat-i Nasiri
914:Grand Trunk Road
902:Khalji Civil War
825:Tabaqat-i Nasiri
595:Grand Trunk Road
587:Muhammad of Ghor
553:) was the first
552:
551:
542:
503:
502:
495:Bengal Sultanate
489:
488:
477:
476:
464:
463:
450:
449:
443:
442:
427:
426:
338:Tribal oligarchy
285:
283:
278:
271:
269:
262:
260:
253:
251:
244:
242:
235:
233:
226:
224:
213:
211:
202:
200:
191:
189:
180:
178:
169:
167:
158:
156:
147:
145:
134:
132:
121:
119:
112:
110:
103:
101:
92:
90:
81:
75:
56:
48:
47:
46:
40:
32:
31:
21:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3634:Sunni dynasties
3609:
3608:
3603:
3594:
3588:
3560:
3557:
3552:
3551:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3526:
3524:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3501:
3499:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3434:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3404:
3403:
3394:
3384:
3382:
3364:
3344:Khanam, Mahfuza
3333:
3332:
3328:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3264:
3244:Khanam, Mahfuza
3233:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3216:
3198:
3178:Khanam, Mahfuza
3170:"Iranians, The"
3164:
3163:
3159:
3149:
3147:
3129:
3109:Khanam, Mahfuza
3095:
3094:
3090:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3064:
3047:
3046:
3039:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3008:
3006:
2988:
2968:Khanam, Mahfuza
2957:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2922:
2902:Khanam, Mahfuza
2891:
2890:
2886:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2827:
2825:
2807:
2783:Khanam, Mahfuza
2777:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2742:
2722:Khanam, Mahfuza
2708:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2673:
2649:Khanam, Mahfuza
2643:
2642:
2638:
2628:
2626:
2608:
2588:Khanam, Mahfuza
2577:
2576:
2572:
2557:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2492:
2472:Khanam, Mahfuza
2461:
2460:
2456:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2413:, ed. (1973) .
2409:
2408:
2404:
2384:, ed. (1973) .
2380:
2379:
2375:
2359:
2358:
2347:
2326:, ed. (1973) .
2322:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2202:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2175:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2101:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2004:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1908:. p. 226.
1903:
1902:
1898:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1872:. p. 226.
1867:
1866:
1862:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1826:
1825:
1816:
1809:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1733:
1725:Tughlaq dynasty
1691:
1685:
1670:
1664:
1642:
1636:
1621:
1615:
1603:Interregnum by
1597:
1577:
1571:
1556:
1550:
1530:আলী মর্দান খলজী
1523:
1517:
1496:
1486:
1473:
1458:
1452:
1437:
1431:
1409:
1406:محمد شیران خلجی
1403:
1388:
1382:
1355:
1349:
1334:
1328:
1306:
1299:
1288:
1279:
1264:
1255:
1231:
1222:
1199:legend around:
1191:
1190:1262 (1204 CE).
1180:
1160:
1140:Ruhul Amin Khan
1112:Bengali Muslims
1102:Khan Balka Khan
1075:Jumada al-Akhir
1057:Ali Sher Khalji
988:
942:
906:Jadunath Sarkar
788:
713:nomads such as
649:
631:
626:
603:northern Bengal
581:general of the
522:
500:
486:
481:Delhi Sultanate
461:
447:
404:
394:
363:
350:
315:
293:
290:
289:
288:
287:
286:
281:
276:
274:
272:
267:
265:
263:
258:
256:
254:
249:
247:
245:
240:
238:
236:
231:
229:
227:
221:
218:
216:
214:
207:
205:
203:
196:
194:
192:
185:
183:
181:
174:
172:
170:
163:
161:
159:
152:
150:
148:
142:
139:
137:
135:
129:
126:
124:
122:
117:
115:
113:
108:
106:
104:
99:
98:DELHI SULTANATE
97:
95:
93:
88:
86:
84:
82:
57:
50:
41:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3647:
3645:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3596:
3592:Khalji Bengal
3589:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3534:
3509:
3484:
3477:
3457:
3447:
3424:
3417:
3392:
3362:
3340:Islam, Sirajul
3326:
3307:
3292:
3262:
3240:Islam, Sirajul
3236:"Inscriptions"
3226:
3196:
3174:Islam, Sirajul
3157:
3127:
3105:Islam, Sirajul
3088:
3069:
3062:
3037:
3016:
2986:
2964:Islam, Sirajul
2950:
2920:
2898:Islam, Sirajul
2884:
2864:
2835:
2805:
2779:Islam, Sirajul
2770:
2740:
2718:Islam, Sirajul
2701:
2671:
2645:Islam, Sirajul
2636:
2606:
2584:Islam, Sirajul
2570:
2547:
2540:
2520:
2490:
2468:Islam, Sirajul
2454:
2431:
2402:
2373:
2345:
2312:
2305:
2287:
2280:
2261:
2254:
2234:
2227:
2207:
2200:
2181:
2173:
2153:
2145:
2122:
2110:
2099:
2079:
2054:
2040:
2033:
2013:
2002:
1988:Satish Chandra
1979:
1969:
1949:
1932:
1915:
1896:
1879:
1860:
1843:
1814:
1807:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1680:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1631:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1587:
1566:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1533:
1520:علی مردان خلجی
1512:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1447:
1434:ملک حسام الدین
1425:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1398:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1365:
1344:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1314:Personal Name
1312:
1305:
1304:List of rulers
1302:
1301:
1300:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1270:1210–1212 CE.
1265:
1258:
1256:
1243:mahamada sāmaḥ
1232:
1225:
1223:
1181:
1174:
1159:
1156:
1132:Jalali Kabutar
992:Muslim culture
987:
984:
941:
938:
862:, governor of
808:Tibet campaign
787:
784:
738:Ghilzai/Ghilji
630:
627:
625:
622:
561:region in the
533:Khalji dynasty
527:
526:
517:
513:
512:
509:
508:
505:
504:
497:
491:
490:
483:
474:
471:
470:
468:Ghurid dynasty
465:
457:
456:
451:
439:
438:
433:
423:
422:
417:
413:
412:
409:
408:
405:
402:
399:
398:
395:
392:
389:
388:
385:
384:
379:
378:Historical era
375:
374:
371:
370:
364:
361:
358:
357:
351:
348:
345:
344:
341:
340:
335:
331:
330:
325:
321:
320:
309:
305:
304:
299:
295:
294:
291:
273:
264:
255:
246:
237:
228:
215:
204:
193:
182:
171:
160:
149:
136:
123:
114:
105:
94:
83:
76:
70:
69:
68:
67:
64:
63:
59:
58:
27:
25:Khalji dynasty
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3646:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3602:
3601:Mamluk Bengal
3593:
3587:
3581:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3545:
3538:
3535:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3498:
3494:
3488:
3485:
3480:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3363:984-32-0576-6
3359:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3336:"Mahisantosh"
3330:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3311:
3308:
3303:
3296:
3293:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3263:984-32-0576-6
3259:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3230:
3227:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3197:984-32-0576-6
3193:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3158:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3128:984-32-0576-6
3124:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3085:. p. 13.
3084:
3080:
3073:
3070:
3065:
3063:9781317587460
3059:
3055:
3051:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2987:984-32-0576-6
2983:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2951:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2921:984-32-0576-6
2917:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2806:984-32-0576-6
2802:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2741:984-32-0576-6
2737:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2672:984-32-0576-6
2668:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2607:984-32-0576-6
2603:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2524:
2521:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2491:984-32-0576-6
2487:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2464:"Iwaz Khalji"
2458:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2306:9780860780281
2302:
2298:
2291:
2288:
2283:
2281:9780191077432
2277:
2273:
2272:
2265:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2228:9781108417747
2224:
2220:
2219:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2201:9781316184363
2197:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2182:
2176:
2174:81-269-0123-3
2170:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2131:Abraham Eraly
2126:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2083:
2080:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2034:9781108284752
2030:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1944:
1936:
1933:
1928:
1927:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1840:. p. 42.
1839:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1791:
1788:
1781:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1728:
1727:(1324–1338).
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1695:
1684:
1681:
1674:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1646:
1635:
1632:
1625:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1596:(Second term)
1595:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1570:
1567:
1560:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1516:
1513:
1500:
1493:ملک ركن الدین
1485:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1462:
1451:
1448:
1441:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1413:
1402:
1399:
1392:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1348:
1345:
1338:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1219:Mohammed Sam
1216:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1168:Arabic script
1165:
1164:Nagari script
1157:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1028:caravanserais
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:
997:
993:
985:
983:
980:
976:
972:
971:Edward Thomas
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:
950:
949:Alauddin Jani
946:
939:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
893:
888:
887:
881:
879:
875:
874:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
848:
843:
838:
835:
831:
827:
826:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
802:
798:
794:
785:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
758:
754:
753:Ghurid Empire
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
732:, perhaps of
731:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
711:Indo-European
708:
704:
700:
697:
694:According to
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
661:Turkic people
658:
654:
648:
640:
635:
628:
623:
621:
619:
615:
612:
611:Mamluk sultan
609:, the son of
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:Ghurid Empire
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
546:
538:
534:
525:
521:
518:
516:Today part of
514:
498:
496:
493:
492:
484:
482:
479:
478:
475:
469:
466:
459:
458:
455:
452:
445:
444:
441:
440:
437:
434:
432:
429:
428:
424:
421:
418:
414:
410:
406:
396:
383:
380:
376:
372:
368:
365:
355:
352:
339:
336:
332:
329:
326:
322:
318:
313:
310:
306:
303:
300:
296:
284:
279:
270:
261:
252:
243:
234:
225:
223:
212:
210:
201:
199:
190:
188:
179:
177:
168:
166:
157:
155:
146:
144:
133:
131:
120:
111:
102:
91:
80:
74:
65:
60:
54:
38:
22:
19:
3591:
3586:Sena dynasty
3563:
3543:
3537:
3525:. Retrieved
3521:
3512:
3500:. Retrieved
3496:
3487:
3467:
3460:
3452:
3437:
3407:
3385:23 September
3383:. Retrieved
3347:
3329:
3320:
3310:
3301:
3295:
3285:23 September
3283:. Retrieved
3247:
3229:
3219:23 September
3217:. Retrieved
3181:
3160:
3150:23 September
3148:. Retrieved
3112:
3091:
3078:
3072:
3049:
3031:
3009:23 September
3007:. Retrieved
2971:
2953:
2943:23 September
2941:. Retrieved
2905:
2887:
2877:
2867:
2855:. Retrieved
2828:23 September
2826:. Retrieved
2790:
2773:
2763:23 September
2761:. Retrieved
2725:
2714:"Turks, The"
2704:
2694:23 September
2692:. Retrieved
2656:
2653:"Embankment"
2639:
2629:23 September
2627:. Retrieved
2591:
2573:
2565:
2560:
2530:
2523:
2513:23 September
2511:. Retrieved
2475:
2457:
2440:
2434:
2426:
2414:
2405:
2397:
2385:
2376:
2362:
2327:
2296:
2290:
2270:
2264:
2244:
2237:
2217:
2210:
2190:
2184:
2163:
2156:
2135:
2125:
2113:
2104:
2089:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2066:
2057:
2043:
2023:
2016:
2007:
1992:
1982:
1974:
1959:
1952:
1942:
1935:
1924:
1918:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1832:
1797:
1790:
1771:
1766:
1710:
1683:Balkā Khaljī
1661:
1612:
1547:
1483:
1479:
1472:(First term)
1428:
1385:ملک عز الدین
1379:
1325:
1275:
1271:
1247:
1238:
1234:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1192:
1161:
1131:
1110:
1094:
1064:
1054:
1042:Central Asia
1031:
1026:, colleges,
1014:
999:
989:
952:
943:
910:
901:
897:
890:
884:
882:
871:
845:
839:
823:
805:
789:
765:
742:
727:
701:
693:
677:Hephthalites
669:Indo-Iranain
653:Turko-Afghan
650:
641:'s conquest.
579:Turko-Afghan
532:
530:
454:Sena dynasty
436:Succeeded by
435:
430:
367:Balka Khalji
362:• 1231
219:
208:
197:
186:
175:
164:
153:
140:
127:
18:
3166:Abdul Karim
3097:Abdul Karim
2710:Abdul Karim
1828:Abdul Karim
1292:Iwaz Khalji
1266:Coinage of
1182:Coinage of
1152:Mahisantosh
1126:. In 1978,
1038:Middle East
1016:Iwaz Khalji
878:Mahisantosh
868:Iwaz Khalji
860:Qaymaz Rumi
852:Delhi court
803:in Devkot.
797:Iwaz Khalji
685:Turk Shahis
681:Afghanistan
591:Iwaz Khalji
577:, a Muslim
571:Afghanistan
550:خاندان خلجی
541:খলজি রাজবংশ
431:Preceded by
328:Sunni Islam
319:(religious)
176:BUNDELKHAND
3613:Categories
3595:1204–1231
3081:(Thesis).
2857:3 February
2787:"Military"
2255:9004102361
2072:15 January
1808:0226742210
1782:References
1656:1229–1230
1598:1212–1227
1569:ʿIwaz Shāh
1542:1210–1212
1474:1208–1210
1423:1206–1208
1374:1204–1206
1206:bhadrapada
1124:Bangladesh
1087:Suri Sadar
894:Ala ad-Din
740:Pashtuns.
707:Turkicized
703:André Wink
645:See also:
520:Bangladesh
334:Government
314:(official)
87:South-Asia
3573:575452554
3380:30677644M
3280:30677644M
3214:30677644M
3145:30677644M
3004:30677644M
2938:30677644M
2823:30677644M
2758:30677644M
2689:30677644M
2624:30677644M
2580:"History"
2508:30677644M
1698:বলকা খলজী
1688:بلکا خلجی
1136:Al Mahmud
1095:Burhan-i-
959:Iltutmish
918:Iltutmish
842:Ghoraghat
812:Lakhnauti
780:Lakhnauti
665:Turkified
614:Iltutmish
599:Lakhnauti
324:Religion
302:Lakhnauti
198:KAKATIYAS
100:(MAMLUKS)
62:1204–1231
3372:52727562
3272:52727562
3206:52727562
3168:(2012).
3137:52727562
3099:(2012).
2996:52727562
2930:52727562
2875:(1961).
2851:Archived
2815:52727562
2750:52727562
2712:(2012).
2681:52727562
2616:52727562
2500:52727562
2449:28533779
2133:(2015).
1990:(2007).
1830:(1959).
1731:See also
1317:Coinage
1290:Coin of
1166:and the
1106:Rajshahi
1071:Maragheh
1046:Firozkoh
820:Ali Mech
772:Nabadwip
761:Mirzapur
734:Sogdians
416:Currency
259:HOYSALAS
3555:Sources
2009:offices
1875:Bengal.
1694:Bengali
1673:Bengali
1645:Bengali
1624:Bengali
1584:ইওজ শাহ
1580:Bengali
1574:عوض شاه
1559:Bengali
1526:Bengali
1499:Bengali
1461:Bengali
1440:Bengali
1412:Bengali
1391:Bengali
1358:Bengali
1337:Bengali
1276:Reverse
1272:Obverse
1248:Reverse
1235:Obverse
1211:Reverse
1193:Obverse
1158:Coinage
1066:khanqah
1061:Birbhum
1024:mosques
1001:madrasa
940:Revival
898:Tabaqat
886:khutbah
745:Garmsir
730:Doerfer
723:Mongols
715:Kushans
624:History
567:Garmsir
545:Persian
537:Bengali
356:(first)
312:Persian
298:Capital
241:PANDYAS
232:YADAVAS
220:EASTERN
187:KARNATS
154:GUJARAT
130:EMIRATE
118:LOHARAS
89:1230 CE
53:Persian
37:Bengali
3571:
3527:19 May
3502:19 May
3475:
3445:
3415:
3378:
3370:
3360:
3278:
3270:
3260:
3212:
3204:
3194:
3143:
3135:
3125:
3060:
3002:
2994:
2984:
2936:
2928:
2918:
2821:
2813:
2803:
2756:
2748:
2738:
2687:
2679:
2669:
2622:
2614:
2604:
2538:
2506:
2498:
2488:
2447:
2423:924890
2421:
2394:924890
2392:
2340:924890
2338:
2303:
2278:
2252:
2225:
2198:
2171:
2143:
2097:
2031:
2000:
1967:
1805:
1772:Sultan
1320:Reign
1240:śrīmat
1202:samvat
1197:Nagari
1188:Samvat
1120:poetry
930:Utkala
926:Tirhut
892:Sultan
847:kotwal
793:jagirs
776:Bengal
657:Khalaj
559:Bengal
555:Muslim
369:(last)
317:Arabic
268:CHERAS
250:CHOLAS
222:GANGAS
209:CHODAS
143:EMPIRE
141:MONGOL
128:SOOMRA
49:
33:
3338:. In
3238:. In
3172:. In
3103:. In
2962:. In
2896:. In
2716:. In
2582:. In
2466:. In
2332:Patna
1926:Minor
1758:Notes
1705:1231
1204:1262
1116:Islam
1073:in 7
1050:takas
1033:ulama
922:Vanga
904:" by
873:jagir
864:Awadh
814:, to
768:Bihar
719:Sakas
673:Hunas
663:or a
618:Delhi
524:India
165:MALWA
3569:OCLC
3529:2022
3504:2022
3473:ISBN
3443:ISBN
3413:ISBN
3387:2024
3368:OCLC
3358:ISBN
3287:2024
3268:OCLC
3258:ISBN
3221:2024
3202:OCLC
3192:ISBN
3152:2024
3133:OCLC
3123:ISBN
3058:ISBN
3011:2024
2992:OCLC
2982:ISBN
2945:2024
2926:OCLC
2916:ISBN
2859:2022
2830:2024
2811:OCLC
2801:ISBN
2765:2024
2746:OCLC
2736:ISBN
2696:2024
2677:OCLC
2667:ISBN
2631:2024
2612:OCLC
2602:ISBN
2536:ISBN
2515:2024
2496:OCLC
2486:ISBN
2445:OCLC
2419:OCLC
2390:OCLC
2336:OCLC
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