1195:
1284:
807:
2659:
1255:
argued that the United States' political system does not primarily reflect the preferences of its average citizens. Their analysis of policy outcomes between 1981 and 2002 suggested that wealthy individuals and business groups held substantial influence over political decisions, often sidelining the
1029:
I now want to give the common man weapons against the intellectual man. I love the common people. I want to arm them against the lawyer, the doctor, the priest, the literary man, the professor, the artist, and the politician, who, once in authority, is the most dangerous, disastrous, and tyrannical
1259:
However, the study received criticism from other scholars, who argued that the influence of average citizens should not be discounted and that the conclusions about oligarchic tendencies were overstated. Gilens and Page defended their research, reiterating that while they do not label the United
976:
The consolidation of power by a dominant religious or ethnic minority can be considered a form of oligarchy. Examples include South Africa during apartheid, Liberia under
Americo-Liberians, the Sultanate of Zanzibar, and Rhodesia. In these cases, oligarchic rule was often tied to the legacy of
1176:, has played a significant role in the country's politics and economy. These oligarchs gained control of state assets during the rapid privatization that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union. By 2021, Ukraine passed a law aimed at curbing oligarchic influence on politics and the economy.
1113:
of state-owned assets, a class of
Russian oligarchs emerged. These oligarchs gained control of significant portions of the economy, especially in the energy, metals, and natural resources sectors. Many of these individuals maintained close ties with government officials, particularly the
1480:
Winters (2011) pp. 26–28. "Aristotle writes that 'oligarchy is when men of property have the government in their hands... wherever men rule by reason of their wealth, whether they be few or many, that is an oligarchy, and where the poor rule, that is a
1256:
majority of
Americans. While the United States maintains democratic features such as regular elections, freedom of speech, and widespread suffrage, the study noted that policy decisions are disproportionately influenced by economic elites.
1222:
argued that the rise of an
American financial oligarchy became particularly prominent following the 2008 financial crisis. This financial elite has been described as wielding significant power over both the economy and political decisions.
1214:
Several commentators and scholars have suggested that the United States demonstrates characteristics of an oligarchy, particularly in relation to the concentration of wealth and political influence among a small elite. (list of top donors)
1158:. This group holds significant influence over the country's legislative, military, and economic affairs, and critics argue that this system concentrates power in a religious elite, marginalizing other voices within society.
1649:
988:
He argued that even democracies, like all large organizations, tend to become oligarchic due to the necessity of dividing labor, which ultimately results in a ruling class focused on maintaining its power.
1075:, elected in 2016, promised to dismantle the oligarchy during his presidency. However, corporate oligarchy persisted throughout his tenure. While Duterte criticized prominent tycoons such as the
3113:
1822:
2372:
3078:
5302:
3118:
3073:
1363:
835:
1030:
of all the fools, rascals, and impostors. I want a democratic power strong enough to force the intellectual oligarchy to use its genius for the general good or else perish.
3280:
3083:
5255:
2167:
3141:
3093:
3409:
1636:
the concept of oligarchy can be fruitfully applied not only to places like
Singapore, Colombia, Russia, and Indonesia, but also to the contemporary United States.
1055:
3151:
2255:
1723:
1703:
Mendoza, Ronald U.; Bulaong, Oscar Jr.; Mendoza, Gabrielle Ann S. (1 February 2022). "Cronyism, Oligarchy and
Governance in the Philippines: 1970s vs 2020s".
3068:
3275:
949:
Throughout history, power structures considered to be oligarchies have often been viewed as coercive, relying on public obedience or oppression to exist.
3840:
2445:
4199:
2028:
5295:
3166:
3098:
52:
1830:
4384:
3136:
1993:
266:
1025:(1907). In the play, Shaw criticizes the control of society by intellectual elites and expresses a desire for the empowerment of the common people:
4992:
4294:
3171:
828:
4413:
3161:
3156:
3088:
1185:
2111:
4401:
1951:
1926:
1743:
859:
5288:
3063:
3040:
2139:
1768:
1068:
and their close associates. Analysts have described this period, and even subsequent decades, as an era of oligarchy in the
Philippines.
5102:
5012:
2199:
1468:
3402:
2641:
2608:
2585:
2543:
2520:
2498:
2315:
1876:
1580:
1515:
821:
1440:
3146:
2790:
1456:
5072:
3522:
3055:
2691:
5387:
4028:
3879:
3337:
2874:
2229:
1106:
706:
5229:
5082:
3968:
2751:
2565:
2535:
2212:
1503:
1061:
914:
rests with a small number of people. These people may or may not be distinguished by one or several characteristics, such as
513:
468:
1260:
States an outright oligarchy, they found substantial evidence of economic elites dominating certain areas of policy-making.
1967:
5269:
5142:
4364:
3395:
2173:
1189:
339:
5666:
5167:
5162:
4856:
3894:
3527:
3035:
3009:
2920:
911:
876:
5681:
5661:
5370:
5182:
5177:
4962:
3045:
3030:
2600:
1368:
1269:
533:
48:
3017:
2047:
5712:
5656:
5491:
4164:
4154:
3847:
3507:
3374:
3178:
2508:
1860:
354:
1194:
5707:
5625:
5355:
4211:
3739:
3025:
2869:
2573:
2225:
1575:
Shaw, Bernard und
Baziyan, Vitaly. 2-in-1: English-German. Major Barbara & Major in Barbara. New York, 2020,
1219:
5651:
5523:
5052:
2758:
2746:
2286:
1318:
1199:
1137:
104:
2436:
1230:
in 2015 characterized the United States as an "oligarchy with unlimited political bribery" following the 2010
2083:
5535:
5468:
5392:
5365:
5032:
4952:
4766:
4369:
3958:
3869:
3103:
2834:
1383:
1252:
762:
329:
2663:
5574:
5409:
4359:
4339:
4226:
4189:
3859:
3487:
3220:
2943:
1799:
1232:
1155:
852:
777:
344:
4279:
2005:
893:
5399:
5382:
4513:
4468:
3874:
3351:
3202:
2468:
Gordon, Daniel (2010). "Hiring Law
Professors: Breaking the Back of an American Plutocratic Oligarchy".
2052:
1857:
The Great
Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century
1338:
1323:
1076:
985:
772:
635:
232:
5540:
4329:
1919:
Iran's Foreign Policy: Elite Factionalism, Ideology, the Nuclear Weapons Program, and the United States
5280:
5022:
4902:
4671:
4493:
4478:
4319:
4246:
3938:
3899:
3884:
3418:
3259:
3254:
3244:
2958:
2938:
2719:
2684:
1244:
1208:
1146:
1046:
have described Colombia, Indonesia, Russia, Singapore, Canada and the United States as oligarchies.
5676:
5586:
5404:
5319:
5212:
5127:
5092:
5062:
4982:
4508:
4448:
4256:
3769:
3689:
3329:
3226:
2983:
2913:
2864:
2839:
2741:
2736:
2731:
1240:
1173:
1167:
1115:
1016:
696:
605:
562:
349:
114:
5702:
5224:
5219:
5202:
5197:
4666:
4174:
4111:
2629:
2457:
2144:
2116:
2088:
1685:
1677:
1620:
1592:
1558:
1141:
1088:
1039:
334:
119:
94:
4656:
1507:
1535:
5641:
5343:
5333:
5187:
5132:
4972:
4761:
4651:
4423:
4349:
4324:
4241:
4126:
3928:
3322:
3249:
2968:
2908:
2903:
2637:
2604:
2581:
2561:
2539:
2516:
2494:
2481:
2477:
2405:
2380:
2373:"Critics argued with our analysis of U.S. political inequality. Here are 5 ways they're wrong"
2353:
2208:
1947:
1922:
1872:
1868:
1739:
1708:
1704:
1669:
1576:
1511:
1303:
1100:
767:
488:
319:
271:
99:
32:
1864:
5421:
5311:
5192:
5122:
4892:
4811:
4806:
4796:
4731:
4706:
4641:
4631:
4601:
4581:
4571:
4438:
4433:
4391:
4334:
4131:
3814:
3809:
3784:
3729:
3704:
2886:
2724:
2449:
2343:
2295:
1731:
1661:
1612:
1550:
1378:
1080:
1043:
600:
523:
493:
367:
109:
89:
5446:
5431:
5350:
5315:
5249:
4922:
4841:
4801:
4771:
4756:
4721:
4716:
4686:
4661:
4646:
4621:
4606:
4541:
4518:
4503:
4488:
4473:
4344:
4299:
4284:
4274:
4096:
4091:
3948:
3943:
3923:
3911:
3369:
3285:
2973:
2948:
2677:
1852:
1394:
1389:
1343:
1289:
1131:
1072:
971:
907:
811:
784:
640:
630:
427:
324:
1118:, leading some to characterize modern Russia as an oligarchy intertwined with the state.
1064:
from 1965 to 1986, several monopolies arose in the Philippines, primarily linked to the
5579:
5239:
5147:
5137:
4866:
4741:
4726:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4636:
4611:
4566:
4546:
4408:
4379:
4354:
4309:
4289:
4251:
4206:
4086:
4076:
3933:
3764:
3577:
2435:
Aslund, Anders (2005), "Comparative Oligarchy: Russia, Ukraine and the United States",
2194:
1496:
1204:
1150:(Governance of the Jurist), places power in the hands of a small group of high-ranking
981:
789:
720:
625:
458:
372:
2282:"Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens"
1283:
806:
5696:
5564:
5456:
5172:
5002:
4912:
4861:
4831:
4821:
4751:
4746:
4736:
4596:
4586:
4576:
4551:
4418:
4396:
4314:
4221:
4194:
4179:
4121:
3804:
3343:
3308:
2953:
2804:
2513:
The Collapse of Antiquity: Greece and Rome as Civilization's Oligarchic Turning Point
2461:
2204:
1689:
1624:
1600:
1596:
1248:
1110:
1065:
1021:
676:
571:
473:
463:
304:
1562:
1172:
Since Ukraine's independence in 1991, a powerful class of business elites, known as
5473:
5441:
5360:
5152:
4836:
4826:
4816:
4681:
4676:
4616:
4591:
4561:
4556:
4463:
4458:
4304:
4184:
3918:
3854:
3724:
3714:
3709:
3628:
3618:
3562:
3452:
3236:
2978:
2824:
1650:"Oligarchs and Cronies in the Philippine State the Politics of Patrimonial Plunder"
1313:
1236:
Supreme Court decision, which removed limits on donations to political candidates.
1227:
997:
Business groups may be considered oligarchies if they meet the following criteria:
725:
652:
646:
620:
615:
591:
581:
518:
407:
227:
151:
1769:"Explainer: The oligarchy in the Philippines is more than just one family or firm"
1892:
5608:
5601:
5528:
5416:
5376:
4851:
4846:
4781:
4776:
4626:
4498:
4453:
4443:
4236:
4231:
4169:
4106:
3889:
3864:
3789:
3749:
3719:
3694:
3674:
3653:
3633:
3613:
3603:
3572:
3437:
3302:
2963:
2893:
2859:
2829:
2799:
2332:"Testing Inferences about American Politics: A Review of the "Oligarchy" Result"
2079:
1405:
1333:
1328:
1298:
954:
730:
715:
657:
528:
392:
191:
186:
166:
156:
146:
2619:
1007:
The owners control multiple businesses, coordinating activities across sectors.
953:
pioneered the use of the term as meaning rule by the rich, contrasting it with
5646:
5618:
5596:
5506:
5234:
5042:
4942:
4791:
4711:
4483:
4374:
4216:
4159:
4136:
4101:
4050:
4040:
4008:
3953:
3779:
3759:
3684:
3648:
3552:
3537:
3462:
3212:
2988:
2778:
2300:
2281:
1616:
1554:
1410:
1373:
1279:
1151:
1144:, is sometimes described as a clerical oligarchy. Its ruling system, known as
1127:
735:
691:
686:
681:
667:
508:
299:
181:
176:
40:
2384:
2357:
2348:
2331:
1735:
1673:
5569:
5545:
5501:
5496:
5451:
5338:
4932:
4871:
4428:
4071:
3998:
3983:
3904:
3824:
3819:
3744:
3699:
3679:
3658:
3623:
3608:
3472:
3432:
3207:
2813:
2783:
2773:
1420:
1415:
1400:
1358:
1353:
1308:
1084:
950:
939:
935:
931:
927:
919:
538:
432:
422:
417:
402:
397:
387:
261:
222:
211:
206:
196:
161:
73:
68:
23:, a type of market structure which is controlled by a small number of firms.
20:
2658:
1794:
5511:
5426:
5207:
4786:
4523:
4116:
4081:
4055:
4035:
3988:
3799:
3754:
3638:
3542:
3532:
3497:
3467:
2453:
2316:"The new study about oligarchy that's blowing up the Internet, explained"
2168:"Why the 'donor class' matters, especially in the GOP presidential scrum"
2001:
1348:
1004:
They possess sufficient political power to influence their own interests.
943:
915:
610:
171:
141:
84:
2554:
Oligarchia: The Development of a Constitutional Form in Ancient Greece (
2140:"From Fracking to Finance, a Torrent of Campaign Cash – Top Donors List"
5671:
5591:
5244:
5157:
4045:
4013:
4003:
3774:
3734:
3567:
3492:
3477:
3457:
3387:
2881:
1893:"Russian oligarchs: What are they and how have they changed over time?"
1681:
412:
249:
239:
2110:
Confessore, Nicholas; Cohen, Sarah; Yourish, Karen (10 October 2015).
5613:
5550:
5516:
5463:
3993:
3794:
3582:
3557:
3547:
3517:
3502:
3315:
2930:
2701:
923:
899:
882:
865:
576:
2491:
Londongrad: From Russia with Cash: The Inside Story of the Oligarchs
1823:"Businesses under Duterte administration: Who gained, who got hurt?"
1665:
1186:
Income inequality in the United States § Democracy and society
5556:
4023:
3512:
3447:
2763:
1968:"Zelensky's battle against oligarchs: What does the new law mean?"
2669:
2636:. Northwestern University, Illinois: Cambridge University Press.
2578:
The Politics of Oligarchy: Institutional Choice in Imperial Japan
4018:
3442:
1944:
The Islamic Republic of Iran: Reflections on an Emerging Economy
957:, arguing that oligarchy was the perverted form of aristocracy.
5284:
3391:
2673:
3587:
3482:
1498:
Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa
1190:
Politics of the United States § Concerns about oligarchy
1019:
coined the concept of an intellectual oligarchy in his play
2138:
Lichtblau, Eric; Confessore, Nicholas (10 October 2015).
1272:
online encyclopedia considers China to be an oligarchy.
2371:
Gilens, Martin; Page, Benjamin I. (7 December 2021).
2112:"The Families Funding the 2016 Presidential Election"
1728:
Routledge Handbook of Southeast Asian Democratization
2621:
Greek oligarchies, their character and organisations
5634:
5484:
5326:
5115:
4884:
4532:
4265:
4145:
4064:
3976:
3967:
3833:
3667:
3596:
3425:
3294:
3268:
3235:
3191:
3129:
3054:
3008:
3001:
2929:
2852:
2708:
1083:, corporate figures allied with Duterte, including
1001:
They are the largest private owners in the country.
3281:Socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor
1495:
906: 'to rule, command') is a conceptual form of
2597:On Oligarchy: Ancient Lessons for Global Politics
2532:Aristotle and Xenophon on democracy and oligarchy
3079:Largest financial services companies by revenue
2046:Winters, Jeffrey A. (November–December 2011) .
1724:"Can the Philippines' wild oligarchy be tamed?"
2489:Hollingsworth, Mark; Lansley, Stewart (2010).
1946:. New York: Routledge. pp. 48–50, 88–89.
1795:"Duterte takes pride in dismantling oligarchy"
5296:
3403:
3074:Largest corporations by market capitalization
2685:
2595:Tabachnick, David; Koivukoski, Toivu (2012).
2256:"Jimmy Carter: America Is Now an 'Oligarchy'"
829:
8:
3909:
3845:
3276:The rich get richer and the poor get poorer
1529:
1527:
1489:
1487:
5303:
5289:
5281:
3973:
3410:
3396:
3388:
3195:
3084:Largest manufacturing companies by revenue
3005:
2712:
2692:
2678:
2670:
2446:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
2280:Gilens, Martin; Page, Benjamin I. (2014).
1536:"Capital structure and oligarch ownership"
836:
822:
756:
558:
292:
64:
27:
16:Form of government with small ruling class
2438:CASE Network Studies and Analyses No. 296
2347:
2299:
1239:In 2014, a study by political scientists
1056:Monopolies in the Philippines (1965–1986)
53:List of countries by system of government
1611:(4) (published December 2009): 731–751.
1193:
1091:, benefitted during his administration.
4993:Reflections on the Revolution in France
3094:Largest technology companies by revenue
1433:
705:
666:
590:
561:
484:
441:
363:
295:
248:
205:
128:
67:
38:
3162:Income inequality in the United States
3157:Wealth inequality in the United States
2166:McCutcheon, Chuck (26 December 2014).
1921:. New York: Routledge. pp. 1–19.
1494:Coleman, James; Rosberg, Carl (1966).
1443:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
3089:Largest software companies by revenue
1763:
1761:
7:
3069:Largest corporate profits and losses
5103:The End of History and the Last Man
5013:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
3142:Countries by number of billionaires
2200:Capital in the Twenty-First Century
2029:"America on the Brink of Oligarchy"
2330:Bashir, Omar S. (1 October 2015).
1648:Hutchcroft, Paul D. (April 1991).
1035:Countries perceived as oligarchies
14:
2791:Primitive accumulation of capital
1601:"Oligarchy in the United States?"
1543:Economic Change and Restructuring
1207:as giant money bags looming over
5073:The Open Society and Its Enemies
3137:Cities by number of billionaires
2657:
2410:education.nationalgeographic.org
1282:
805:
3880:Family as a model for the state
3338:The Theory of the Leisure Class
3213:Acquired situational narcissism
1992:Kroll, Andy (2 December 2010).
1821:Esmael, Lisbet (29 June 2022).
1730:, Routledge, pp. 347–362,
1722:Quimpo, Nathan Gilbert (2015),
1107:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
5230:Separation of church and state
5128:Collectivism and individualism
5083:The Origins of Totalitarianism
3152:Countries by wealth inequality
2752:History of economic inequality
2580:. Cambridge University Press.
2536:University of California Press
2254:Kreps, Daniel (31 July 2015).
2027:Starr, Paul (24 August 2012).
1504:University of California Press
1062:Presidency of Ferdinand Marcos
872: 'rule by few'; from
514:Intergovernmental organisation
469:Separation of church and state
1:
5270:Category:Political philosophy
5143:Critique of political economy
2174:The Christian Science Monitor
1270:National Geographic Society's
1140:, established after the 1979
984:expanded on this idea in his
5667:Social dominance orientation
5168:Institutional discrimination
5163:History of political thought
3895:Negative and positive rights
3119:Number of billionaire alumni
3064:Largest companies by revenue
1994:"The New American Oligarchy"
1447:, on Perseus Digital Library
311:(socio-political ideologies)
5682:List of totalitarian states
5662:Right-wing authoritarianism
5178:Justification for the state
4963:Two Treatises of Government
2601:University of Toronto Press
2314:Prokop, A. (18 April 2014)
1942:Amuzager, Jahangir (2014).
1917:Kazemzadeh, Masoud (2020).
1109:in 1991 and the subsequent
980:In the early 20th century,
379:(socio-economic ideologies)
49:List of forms of government
5729:
5657:Left-wing authoritarianism
5492:Authoritarian conservatism
3848:Bellum omnium contra omnes
2574:Rosenbluth, Frances McCall
1861:Princeton University Press
1183:
1165:
1125:
1098:
1053:
969:
892:
875:
858:
18:
5356:Counterintelligence state
5265:
3365:
3198:
3147:Countries by total wealth
3026:List of centibillionaires
2870:High-net-worth individual
2715:
2618:Whibley, Leonard (1896).
2530:J. M. Moore, ed. (1986).
2301:10.1017/S1537592714001595
2048:"Oligarchy and Democracy"
1617:10.1017/S1537592709991770
1555:10.1007/S10644-018-9226-9
1534:Chernenko, Demid (2018).
1364:Oligarchical collectivism
500:(geo-cultural ideologies)
5652:Inverted totalitarianism
5524:Authoritarian capitalism
5053:The Revolt of the Masses
2759:International inequality
2747:Consumption distribution
2349:10.1177/2053168015608896
2287:Perspectives on Politics
1793:Ruth Abbey Gita-Carlos.
1736:10.4324/9781315674735-30
1605:Perspectives on Politics
1319:Inverted totalitarianism
1200:The Bosses of the Senate
1138:Islamic Republic of Iran
1012:Intellectual oligarchies
889: 'few' and
19:Not to be confused with
5536:Authoritarian socialism
5033:The Communist Manifesto
3959:Tyranny of the majority
3870:Consent of the governed
2835:Conspicuous consumption
2342:(4): 2053168015608896.
2336:Research & Politics
1445:A Greek–English Lexicon
1384:Power behind the throne
1253:Northwestern University
763:Administrative division
707:International relations
3910:
3860:Clash of civilizations
3846:
3221:Argumentum ad crumenam
2624:. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
2560:. Stuttgart: Steiner,
1800:Philippine News Agency
1233:Citizens United v. FEC
1211:
1032:
5400:Dominant-party system
3875:Divine right of kings
3352:The Wealth of Nations
3203:Diseases of affluence
2558:Einzelschirften; 144)
2412:. National Geographic
2053:The American Interest
1339:Military dictatorship
1324:Iron law of oligarchy
1197:
1184:Further information:
1027:
986:Iron Law of Oligarchy
773:Democratic transition
636:Self-governing colony
233:Military dictatorship
5023:Democracy in America
4402:political philosophy
4385:political philosophy
4200:political philosophy
4029:political philosophy
3939:Separation of powers
3900:Night-watchman state
3885:Monopoly on violence
3419:Political philosophy
3260:Venture philanthropy
3255:Philanthrocapitalism
3167:Most expensive items
3041:Wealthiest Americans
3021:list of billionaires
2720:Capital accumulation
2666:at Wikimedia Commons
2552:Ostwald, M. (2000),
2454:10.2139/ssrn.1441910
1833:on 28 September 2023
1245:Princeton University
1154:clerics, led by the
993:Putative oligarchies
5587:Ecoauthoritarianism
5405:Illiberal democracy
5213:Right-wing politics
5093:A Theory of Justice
5063:The Road to Serfdom
4983:The Social Contract
3690:Christian democracy
3316:Greek god of wealth
3227:Prosperity theology
3046:Wealthiest families
3031:Female billionaires
2865:Captain of industry
2840:Conspicuous leisure
2742:Income distribution
2737:Wealth distribution
2732:Economic inequality
2630:Winters, Jeffrey A.
2572:Ramseyer, J. Mark;
2470:Widener Law Journal
1205:corporate interests
1174:Ukrainian oligarchs
1168:Ukrainian oligarchs
1017:George Bernard Shaw
812:Politics portal
697:Supranational union
606:Dependent territory
519:National government
5225:Political violence
5220:Political theology
5203:Left-wing politics
5198:Political spectrum
3179:Wealthiest animals
2145:The New York Times
2117:The New York Times
2089:The New York Times
2008:on 22 January 2012
1212:
1142:Iranian Revolution
1095:Russian Federation
1089:Udenna Corporation
1040:Jeffrey A. Winters
5713:Political culture
5690:
5689:
5642:Democracy indices
5334:Absolute monarchy
5278:
5277:
5188:Philosophy of law
5133:Conflict theories
4973:The Spirit of Law
4880:
4879:
3929:Original position
3385:
3384:
3361:
3360:
3250:The Giving Pledge
3187:
3186:
2997:
2996:
2662:Media related to
2493:. Fourth Estate.
2084:"The Donor Class"
1953:978-1-85743-748-5
1928:978-0-367-49545-9
1745:978-1-315-67473-5
1304:Cacique democracy
1226:Former President
1101:Russian oligarchs
846:
845:
797:
796:
768:Democracy indices
743:
742:
546:
545:
355:Semi-presidential
280:
279:
5720:
5708:Authoritarianism
5541:Marxism–Leninism
5422:Managerial state
5305:
5298:
5291:
5282:
5193:Political ethics
5183:Machiavellianism
5123:Authoritarianism
5108:
5098:
5088:
5078:
5068:
5058:
5048:
5038:
5028:
5018:
5008:
4998:
4988:
4978:
4968:
4958:
4948:
4938:
4928:
4918:
4908:
4898:
3974:
3915:
3851:
3841:Balance of power
3815:Social democracy
3810:Social Darwinism
3785:Multiculturalism
3730:Environmentalism
3705:Communitarianism
3412:
3405:
3398:
3389:
3245:Gospel of Wealth
3196:
3006:
2817:
2808:
2725:Overaccumulation
2713:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2671:
2661:
2647:
2625:
2614:
2591:
2549:
2526:
2504:
2485:
2464:
2443:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2351:
2327:
2321:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2230:"The Quiet Coup"
2222:
2216:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2082:(19 July 1998).
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2033:The New Republic
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2004:. Archived from
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1853:Scheidel, Walter
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1829:. Archived from
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1631:
1593:Winters, Jeffrey
1589:
1583:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1540:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1501:
1491:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1471:. Liddell/Scott.
1466:
1460:
1459:, Liddell/Scott.
1454:
1448:
1438:
1379:Political family
1292:
1287:
1286:
1081:Manny Pangilinan
1044:Benjamin I. Page
903:
896:
886:
879:
869:
862:
838:
831:
824:
810:
809:
757:
601:Associated state
559:
534:Internationalism
524:World government
501:
380:
312:
293:
267:Free association
254:
215:
134:
77:
65:
28:
5728:
5727:
5723:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5693:
5692:
5691:
5686:
5630:
5480:
5447:Socialist state
5432:One-party state
5351:Communist state
5322:
5309:
5279:
5274:
5261:
5250:Totalitarianism
5111:
5106:
5096:
5086:
5076:
5066:
5056:
5046:
5036:
5026:
5016:
5006:
4996:
4986:
4976:
4966:
4956:
4946:
4936:
4926:
4923:Treatise on Law
4916:
4906:
4896:
4876:
4534:
4528:
4267:
4261:
4147:
4141:
4060:
3963:
3949:State of nature
3944:Social contract
3924:Ordered liberty
3912:Noblesse oblige
3829:
3663:
3592:
3421:
3416:
3386:
3381:
3357:
3290:
3286:Too big to fail
3264:
3231:
3183:
3125:
3104:Philanthropists
3050:
2993:
2925:
2848:
2704:
2698:
2654:
2644:
2628:
2617:
2611:
2594:
2588:
2571:
2546:
2529:
2523:
2509:Hudson, Michael
2507:
2501:
2488:
2467:
2441:
2434:
2431:
2429:Further reading
2426:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2377:Washington Post
2370:
2369:
2365:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2313:
2309:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2264:
2262:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2195:Piketty, Thomas
2193:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2063:
2061:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2009:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1827:CNN Philippines
1820:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1759:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1666:10.2307/2010401
1647:
1646:
1642:
1629:
1627:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1574:
1570:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1502:. Los Angeles:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1479:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1395:C. Wright Mills
1390:The Power Elite
1344:Minoritarianism
1290:Politics portal
1288:
1281:
1278:
1266:
1192:
1182:
1170:
1164:
1147:Velayat-e-Faqih
1134:
1132:Velayat-e-faqih
1126:Main articles:
1124:
1103:
1097:
1073:Rodrigo Duterte
1058:
1052:
1050:The Philippines
1037:
1014:
995:
974:
972:Minoritarianism
968:
963:
908:power structure
842:
804:
799:
798:
785:Democratisation
778:Autocratization
754:
746:
745:
744:
701:
662:
641:Tributary state
631:Satellite state
586:
556:
555:Power structure
548:
547:
499:
498:
480:
451:
437:
428:Totalitarianism
378:
377:
359:
310:
309:
290:
282:
281:
276:
252:
244:
209:
201:
132:
124:
71:
62:
61:Source of power
39:Basic forms of
33:Politics series
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5726:
5724:
5716:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5695:
5694:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5638:
5636:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5611:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5599:
5589:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5577:
5567:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5521:
5520:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5471:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5413:
5412:
5402:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5373:
5371:Constitutional
5368:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5336:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5323:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5285:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5240:Social justice
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5148:Egalitarianism
5145:
5140:
5138:Contractualism
5135:
5130:
5125:
5119:
5117:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5099:
5089:
5079:
5069:
5059:
5049:
5039:
5029:
5019:
5009:
4999:
4989:
4979:
4969:
4959:
4949:
4939:
4929:
4919:
4909:
4899:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4538:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4394:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3934:Overton window
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3765:Libertarianism
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3392:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3306:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3199:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3114:Endowment size
3108:
3107:
3106:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3036:Richest royals
3033:
3028:
3023:
3014:
3012:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2896:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2811:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2716:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2653:
2652:External links
2650:
2649:
2648:
2643:978-1107005280
2642:
2626:
2615:
2610:978-1442661165
2609:
2592:
2587:978-0521636490
2586:
2569:
2550:
2545:978-0520029095
2544:
2527:
2522:978-3949546129
2521:
2505:
2500:978-0007356379
2499:
2486:
2465:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2397:
2363:
2322:
2307:
2294:(3): 564–581.
2272:
2246:
2226:Johnson, Simon
2217:
2187:
2158:
2130:
2102:
2071:
2038:
2019:
1984:
1959:
1952:
1934:
1927:
1909:
1884:
1878:978-0691165028
1877:
1844:
1813:
1785:
1757:
1744:
1714:
1695:
1660:(3): 414–450.
1654:World Politics
1640:
1597:Page, Benjamin
1584:
1581:979-8692881076
1568:
1549:(4): 383–411.
1523:
1517:978-0520002531
1516:
1483:
1473:
1461:
1449:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:(1956 book by
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1277:
1274:
1265:
1262:
1181:
1178:
1166:Main article:
1163:
1160:
1156:Supreme Leader
1123:
1120:
1099:Main article:
1096:
1093:
1054:Main article:
1051:
1048:
1036:
1033:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1002:
994:
991:
982:Robert Michels
977:colonialism.
970:Main article:
967:
964:
962:
959:
844:
843:
841:
840:
833:
826:
818:
815:
814:
801:
800:
795:
794:
793:
792:
790:Hybrid regimes
787:
782:
781:
780:
770:
765:
755:
752:
751:
748:
747:
741:
740:
739:
738:
733:
728:
723:
721:Regional power
718:
710:
709:
703:
702:
700:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
671:
670:
664:
663:
661:
660:
655:
650:
643:
638:
633:
628:
626:Puppet monarch
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
595:
594:
588:
587:
585:
584:
579:
574:
566:
565:
557:
554:
553:
550:
549:
544:
543:
542:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
503:
502:
497:
496:
491:
485:
482:
481:
479:
478:
477:
476:
471:
461:
459:State religion
453:
452:
450:
449:
446:
442:
439:
438:
436:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
382:
381:
376:
375:
370:
364:
361:
360:
358:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
330:Constitutional
327:
322:
314:
313:
308:
307:
302:
296:
291:
289:Power ideology
288:
287:
284:
283:
278:
277:
275:
274:
269:
264:
256:
255:
253:(rule by none)
246:
245:
243:
242:
237:
236:
235:
225:
217:
216:
203:
202:
200:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
136:
135:
126:
125:
123:
122:
117:
112:
107:
105:Representative
102:
97:
92:
87:
79:
78:
63:
60:
59:
56:
55:
44:
43:
36:
35:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5725:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5633:
5627:
5626:Shōwa Statism
5624:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5565:Caesaropapism
5563:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5534:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5522:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5462:
5458:
5457:Islamic state
5455:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5312:Authoritarian
5306:
5301:
5299:
5294:
5292:
5287:
5286:
5283:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5173:Jurisprudence
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5105:
5104:
5100:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5085:
5084:
5080:
5075:
5074:
5070:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5055:
5054:
5050:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5025:
5024:
5020:
5015:
5014:
5010:
5005:
5004:
5003:Rights of Man
5000:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4985:
4984:
4980:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4925:
4924:
4920:
4915:
4914:
4913:De re publica
4910:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4895:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4533:20th and 21st
4531:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4266:18th and 19th
4264:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4122:Nizam al-Mulk
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:Republicanism
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3413:
3408:
3406:
3401:
3399:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:Universities
3109:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3056:Organizations
3053:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2939:Concentration
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:Nouveau riche
2803:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2695:
2690:
2688:
2683:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2440:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2276:
2273:
2261:
2260:Rolling Stone
2257:
2250:
2247:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2205:Belknap Press
2203:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2188:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2162:
2159:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2134:
2131:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2106:
2103:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1985:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1910:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1814:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1789:
1786:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1747:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1509:
1505:
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1499:
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1477:
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1470:
1465:
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1458:
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1427:
1422:
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1280:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1249:Benjamin Page
1246:
1242:
1241:Martin Gilens
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1220:Simon Johnson
1216:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1180:United States
1179:
1177:
1175:
1169:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1129:
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1119:
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1112:
1111:Privatization
1108:
1102:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1066:Marcos family
1063:
1057:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1022:Major Barbara
1018:
1011:
1006:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
992:
990:
987:
983:
978:
973:
966:Minority rule
965:
960:
958:
956:
952:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
902:
895:
891:
888:
885:
878:
874:
871:
868:
861:
857:
854:
853:Ancient Greek
850:
839:
834:
832:
827:
825:
820:
819:
817:
816:
813:
808:
803:
802:
791:
788:
786:
783:
779:
776:
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771:
769:
766:
764:
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760:
759:
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749:
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734:
732:
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727:
724:
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719:
717:
714:
713:
712:
711:
708:
704:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
677:Confederation
675:
674:
673:
672:
669:
665:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
648:
644:
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639:
637:
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629:
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622:
619:
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609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
598:
597:
596:
593:
589:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
572:Unitary state
570:
569:
568:
567:
564:
560:
552:
551:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
506:
505:
504:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
483:
475:
474:State atheism
472:
470:
467:
466:
465:
464:Secular state
462:
460:
457:
456:
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454:
447:
444:
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374:
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368:Authoritarian
366:
365:
362:
356:
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348:
346:
345:Parliamentary
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
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318:
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306:
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137:
133:(rule by few)
131:
127:
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118:
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111:
108:
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101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
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66:
58:
57:
54:
51:
50:
46:
45:
42:
37:
34:
30:
29:
26:
22:
5555:
5469:Majoritarian
5442:Police state
5436:
5410:Totalitarian
5375:
5361:Dictatorship
5316:totalitarian
5254:
5153:Elite theory
5101:
5091:
5081:
5071:
5061:
5051:
5041:
5031:
5021:
5011:
5001:
4991:
4981:
4971:
4961:
4951:
4941:
4931:
4921:
4911:
4901:
4891:
4190:Guicciardini
4146:Early modern
3969:Philosophers
3919:Open society
3855:Body politic
3725:Distributism
3715:Conservatism
3710:Confucianism
3643:
3629:Gerontocracy
3619:Dictatorship
3573:Sovereignty
3563:Ruling class
3453:Emancipation
3438:Citizenship
3350:
3344:
3336:
3323:
3309:
3301:
3237:Philanthropy
3219:
3018:
2944:Distribution
2921:Robber baron
2898:
2830:Veblen goods
2825:Luxury goods
2814:
2805:
2768:
2633:
2620:
2596:
2577:
2557:
2553:
2531:
2512:
2490:
2473:
2469:
2437:
2414:. Retrieved
2409:
2400:
2388:. Retrieved
2376:
2366:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2291:
2285:
2275:
2263:. Retrieved
2259:
2249:
2237:. Retrieved
2234:The Atlantic
2233:
2228:(May 2009).
2220:
2198:
2190:
2178:. Retrieved
2171:
2161:
2149:. Retrieved
2143:
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2115:
2105:
2093:. Retrieved
2087:
2080:Herbert, Bob
2074:
2062:. Retrieved
2057:
2051:
2041:
2032:
2022:
2010:. Retrieved
2006:the original
1997:
1987:
1977:28 September
1975:. Retrieved
1971:
1962:
1943:
1937:
1918:
1912:
1902:28 September
1900:. Retrieved
1896:
1887:
1856:
1847:
1837:19 September
1835:. Retrieved
1831:the original
1826:
1816:
1804:. Retrieved
1798:
1788:
1776:. Retrieved
1773:Philstar.com
1772:
1749:, retrieved
1727:
1717:
1698:
1657:
1653:
1643:
1635:
1628:. Retrieved
1608:
1604:
1587:
1571:
1546:
1542:
1497:
1481:democracy'."
1476:
1464:
1452:
1444:
1436:
1388:
1314:Dictatorship
1267:
1258:
1238:
1231:
1228:Jimmy Carter
1225:
1217:
1213:
1198:
1171:
1145:
1135:
1104:
1070:
1059:
1038:
1028:
1020:
1015:
996:
979:
975:
948:
900:
897:
890:
883:
880:
873:
866:
863:
856:
848:
847:
726:Middle power
653:Vassal state
647:Buffer state
645:
621:Puppet state
616:Protectorate
592:Client state
582:Principality
408:Distributism
350:Presidential
228:Dictatorship
152:Gerontocracy
129:
74:rule by many
47:
31:Part of the
25:
5609:Imperialism
5575:Enlightened
5529:Pinochetism
5417:Mafia state
5388:Proletarian
5377:Dictablanda
5027:(1835–1840)
4907:(c. 350 BC)
4897:(c. 375 BC)
4514:Tocqueville
4479:Saint-Simon
4444:Montesquieu
4295:Bolingbroke
4227:Machiavelli
4107:Ibn Khaldun
4072:Alpharabius
4065:Middle Ages
3890:Natural law
3865:Common good
3790:Nationalism
3750:Imperialism
3720:Corporatism
3695:Colonialism
3675:Agrarianism
3654:Technocracy
3634:Meritocracy
3614:Bureaucracy
3604:Aristocracy
3303:Das Kapital
3172:by category
2894:Millionaire
2860:Billionaire
2818:(old money)
2815:Vieux riche
2809:(new money)
2800:Upper class
2664:Oligarchies
2406:"Oligarchy"
1998:TomDispatch
1863:. pp.
1506:. pp.
1469:"ὀλιγαρχία"
1406:Stratocracy
1334:Meritocracy
1329:Kleptocracy
1299:Aristocracy
1060:During the
955:aristocracy
731:Great power
716:Small power
658:Viceroyalty
529:Nationalism
393:Colonialism
373:Libertarian
335:Directorial
212:rule by one
192:Technocracy
187:Stratocracy
167:Meritocracy
157:Kleptocracy
147:Aristocracy
5697:Categories
5647:Deep state
5507:Khomeinism
5485:Ideologies
5427:Ochlocracy
5393:Right-wing
5366:Benevolent
5320:government
5235:Separatism
5043:On Liberty
4943:The Prince
4672:Huntington
4175:Campanella
4102:al-Ghazali
4051:Thucydides
4009:Lactantius
3954:Statolatry
3780:Monarchism
3760:Liberalism
3685:Capitalism
3668:Ideologies
3649:Plutocracy
3597:Government
3553:Revolution
3538:Propaganda
3488:Legitimacy
3463:Government
3375:by country
3324:Superclass
2969:Management
2779:Plutocracy
2566:3515076808
2213:067443000X
1972:Al Jazeera
1428:References
1411:Synarchism
1374:Plutocracy
1369:Parasitism
1218:Economist
1128:Khomeinism
1105:Since the
1071:President
867:oligarkhía
851:(from
736:Superpower
692:Superstate
687:Federation
682:Devolution
668:Federalism
509:City-state
182:Plutocracy
177:Particracy
41:government
5703:Oligarchy
5677:Strongman
5570:Despotism
5546:Stalinism
5502:Francoism
5497:Chiangism
5452:Theocracy
5437:Oligarchy
5339:Autocracy
5318:forms of
4953:Leviathan
4933:Monarchia
4927:(c. 1274)
4762:Oakeshott
4707:Mansfield
4702:Luxemburg
4687:Kropotkin
4582:Bernstein
4535:centuries
4449:Nietzsche
4392:Jefferson
4320:Condorcet
4268:centuries
4247:Pufendorf
4112:Marsilius
3999:Confucius
3984:Aristotle
3977:Antiquity
3905:Noble lie
3825:Third Way
3820:Socialism
3745:Feudalism
3700:Communism
3680:Anarchism
3659:Theocracy
3644:Oligarchy
3624:Democracy
3609:Autocracy
3523:Pluralism
3508:Obedience
3473:Hierarchy
3433:Authority
3208:Affluenza
3099:Charities
2964:Inherited
2959:Geography
2914:Ukrainian
2784:Plutonomy
2774:Overclass
2769:Oligarchy
2634:Oligarchy
2515:. Islet.
2462:153769623
2385:0190-8286
2358:2053-1680
2239:17 August
2064:17 August
2012:17 August
1690:154855272
1674:1086-3338
1625:144432999
1421:Timocracy
1416:Theocracy
1401:Polyarchy
1359:Oligopoly
1354:Netocracy
1309:Despotism
1116:president
1085:Dennis Uy
951:Aristotle
946:control.
940:political
936:religious
932:corporate
928:education
910:in which
860:ὀλιγαρχία
849:Oligarchy
563:Unitarism
539:Globalism
445:Religious
433:Tribalism
423:Socialism
418:Feudalism
403:Despotism
398:Communism
388:Anarchism
325:Communist
272:Stateless
262:Anarchism
223:Despotism
207:Autocracy
197:Theocracy
162:Kritarchy
130:Oligarchy
115:Socialist
69:Democracy
21:Oligopoly
5635:See also
5512:Putinism
5383:Military
5208:Centrism
4903:Politics
4893:Republic
4862:Voegelin
4842:Spengler
4827:Shariati
4802:Rothbard
4757:Nussbaum
4657:Habermas
4632:Fukuyama
4622:Foucault
4547:Ambedkar
4524:Voltaire
4494:de Staël
4469:Rousseau
4350:Franklin
4325:Constant
4285:Beccaria
4117:Muhammad
4097:Gelasius
4082:Averroes
4056:Xenophon
4036:Polybius
3989:Chanakya
3834:Concepts
3800:Populism
3770:Localism
3755:Islamism
3740:Feminism
3639:Monarchy
3543:Property
3533:Progress
3498:Monopoly
3468:Hegemony
3370:Category
2984:Religion
2974:National
2949:Dynastic
2904:Business
2899:Oligarch
2887:Business
2709:Concepts
2700:Extreme
2632:(2011).
2576:(1998).
2556:Historia
2511:(2023).
2476:: 1–29.
2197:(2014).
2180:10 March
2151:11 March
2123:10 March
2095:10 March
2002:Truthout
1855:(2017).
1630:12 March
1599:(2009).
1563:56232563
1441:"ὀλίγος"
1349:Nepotism
1276:See also
1209:senators
944:military
916:nobility
611:Dominion
340:Legalist
320:Absolute
305:Republic
300:Monarchy
172:Noocracy
142:Anocracy
95:Economic
85:Demarchy
5672:Statism
5592:Fascism
5464:Tyranny
5344:Tsarist
5245:Statism
5158:Elitism
5116:Related
4917:(51 BC)
4847:Strauss
4822:Scruton
4817:Schmitt
4807:Russell
4727:Michels
4722:Maurras
4717:Marcuse
4677:Kautsky
4647:Gramsci
4642:Gentile
4612:Dworkin
4602:Du Bois
4597:Dmowski
4592:Chomsky
4587:Burnham
4572:Benoist
4542:Agamben
4509:Thoreau
4499:Stirner
4489:Spencer
4434:Mazzini
4424:Maistre
4419:Madison
4414:Le Play
4345:Fourier
4310:Carlyle
4290:Bentham
4280:Bastiat
4275:Bakunin
4252:Spinoza
4242:Müntzer
4212:Leibniz
4185:Grotius
4165:Bossuet
4132:Plethon
4077:Aquinas
4046:Sun Tzu
4014:Mencius
4004:Han Fei
3775:Marxism
3735:Fascism
3568:Society
3493:Liberty
3478:Justice
3458:Freedom
3269:Sayings
3192:Related
2909:Russian
2882:Magnate
2482:1412783
2416:21 July
2390:14 July
2265:14 July
1869:222–223
1709:4032259
1682:2010401
1508:681–683
1162:Ukraine
753:Related
448:Secular
413:Fascism
250:Anarchy
240:Tyranny
100:Liberal
5614:Nazism
5551:Maoism
5517:Ziaism
5107:(1992)
5097:(1971)
5087:(1951)
5077:(1945)
5067:(1944)
5057:(1929)
5047:(1859)
5037:(1848)
5017:(1820)
5007:(1791)
4997:(1790)
4987:(1762)
4977:(1748)
4967:(1689)
4957:(1651)
4947:(1532)
4937:(1313)
4867:Walzer
4857:Taylor
4812:Sartre
4777:Popper
4772:Pareto
4767:Ortega
4752:Nozick
4742:Mouffe
4692:Laclau
4652:Guénon
4637:Gandhi
4577:Berlin
4567:Bauman
4562:Badiou
4552:Arendt
4519:Tucker
4409:Le Bon
4370:Herder
4360:Haller
4355:Godwin
4340:Fichte
4335:Engels
4330:Cortés
4300:Bonald
4257:Suárez
4232:Milton
4222:Luther
4195:Hobbes
4180:Filmer
4170:Calvin
4155:Boétie
4148:period
4127:Ockham
3994:Cicero
3795:Nazism
3583:Utopia
3558:Rights
3548:Regime
3518:People
3503:Nation
3345:Wealth
3310:Plutus
3019:Forbes
3010:People
2954:Effect
2931:Wealth
2853:People
2702:wealth
2640:
2607:
2584:
2564:
2542:
2519:
2497:
2480:
2460:
2383:
2356:
2215:p. 514
2211:
1950:
1925:
1875:
1867:&
1806:15 May
1778:15 May
1751:15 May
1742:
1707:
1688:
1680:
1672:
1623:
1579:
1561:
1514:
1457:"ἄρχω"
1188:, and
1077:Ayalas
924:wealth
884:olígos
877:ὀλίγος
577:Empire
489:Global
120:Others
110:Social
90:Direct
5557:Juche
5327:Forms
5256:Index
4885:Works
4872:Weber
4837:Spann
4832:Sorel
4797:Röpke
4792:Rawls
4747:Negri
4737:Mosca
4732:Mises
4697:Lenin
4667:Hoppe
4662:Hayek
4627:Fromm
4617:Evola
4607:Dugin
4504:Taine
4484:Smith
4464:Renan
4459:Paine
4380:Iqbal
4365:Hegel
4315:Comte
4305:Burke
4217:Locke
4207:James
4160:Bodin
4092:Dante
4087:Bruni
4041:Shang
4024:Plato
3578:State
3528:Power
3513:Peace
3448:Elite
3426:Terms
3295:Media
3130:Other
3002:Lists
2979:Paper
2875:UHNWI
2764:Elite
2458:S2CID
2442:(PDF)
1686:S2CID
1678:JSTOR
1621:S2CID
1559:S2CID
1539:(PDF)
1264:China
961:Types
942:, or
930:, or
912:power
901:árkhō
855:
494:Local
5580:Soft
5474:Soft
5314:and
4787:Rand
4782:Qutb
4682:Kirk
4557:Aron
4474:Sade
4454:Owen
4439:Mill
4429:Marx
4397:Kant
4375:Hume
4237:More
4137:Wang
4019:Mozi
3443:Duty
3330:List
2638:ISBN
2605:ISBN
2582:ISBN
2562:ISBN
2540:ISBN
2517:ISBN
2495:ISBN
2478:SSRN
2418:2023
2392:2024
2381:ISSN
2354:ISSN
2267:2024
2241:2012
2209:ISBN
2182:2016
2153:2016
2125:2016
2097:2016
2066:2012
2014:2012
1979:2023
1948:ISBN
1923:ISBN
1904:2023
1873:ISBN
1839:2023
1808:2022
1780:2022
1753:2022
1740:ISBN
1705:SSRN
1670:ISSN
1632:2022
1577:ISBN
1512:ISBN
1268:The
1247:and
1152:Shia
1136:The
1130:and
1122:Iran
1079:and
1042:and
920:fame
894:ἄρχω
5619:Neo
5602:Neo
5597:Eco
4852:Sun
4712:Mao
3588:War
3483:Law
2989:Tax
2450:doi
2344:doi
2319:Vox
2296:doi
2060:(2)
1897:BBC
1732:doi
1662:doi
1613:doi
1551:doi
1251:of
1243:of
1087:of
5699::
2603:.
2599:.
2538:.
2534:.
2474:19
2472:.
2456:,
2448:,
2444:,
2408:.
2379:.
2375:.
2352:.
2338:.
2334:.
2292:12
2290:.
2284:.
2258:.
2232:.
2207:.
2170:.
2142:.
2114:.
2086:.
2056:.
2050:.
2031:.
2000:.
1996:.
1970:.
1895:.
1871:.
1865:51
1859:.
1825:.
1797:.
1771:.
1760:^
1738:,
1726:,
1684:.
1676:.
1668:.
1658:43
1656:.
1652:.
1634:.
1619:.
1607:.
1603:.
1595:;
1557:.
1547:52
1545:.
1541:.
1526:^
1510:.
1486:^
1203:,
938:,
934:,
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