428:
398:
444:
519:
283:
585:
492:
468:
354:
314:
153:
539:
569:
19:
338:
397:
1169:
1558:
518:
282:
427:
885:
454:
443:
180:, or a substitute, with another like pair of bands encircling the sleeves above elbow level. When used as academic dress, these bands usually bear specific patterns denoting the wearer's affiliated institution and academic degree. When used in ceremonial settings by senior government officials or royalty, the gown may be embroidered with certain patterns of
893:
65:. It is long-sleeved and open at the front, and is made of a sheer or mesh fabric, lined with a band of satin, felt or other material, and may be exquisitely embroidered. Dating from at least the 17th century, it was originally worn only in the royal court, but nowadays is most recognisable as the form of
353:
538:
171:
is a tailored robe, usually knee-to-calf-length, with long sleeves and an open front. It is made of a sheer or mesh fabric, usually white in colour, giving it a translucent appearance. The entire rim and the ends of the sleeves are lined with bands of a thicker material, usually
491:
467:
265:
jacket and white trousers for males, white blouse and navy skirt for females) for undergraduate degrees, or a suit and tie for graduate degrees. Like most of its counterparts, it use in this form is usually seen only during graduation ceremonies.
774:
584:
313:
260:
is most readily identified as the academic dress of several Thai universities, Chulalongkorn
University being its oldest and most prominent adopter. It is worn without a cap, over the university's dress uniform (usually a
244:
royal ceremonies; other government officials may wear it during such ceremonies if they are performing certain addresses, or if it has been specified for the occasion. Such occasions are nowadays rare, though the
782:
1236:
85:
are not known, although it has been postulated that it was likely of
Persian and/or Indian import. The earliest documentation of its use are from illustrations of the French embassy to King
116:
s use by royal ordinance in 1912, specifying the different types and ranks to be worn by entitled royals and government officials. He later also granted permission for it to be used as the
568:
1278:
1370:
337:
667:
1294:
1438:
1433:
1392:
1387:
1423:
1340:
532:). This golden brocaded gown was part of the traditional attire of the Chief Minister of the Civil Service in ancient times and is now still in ceremonial use.
1241:
1428:
1407:
1335:
702:
1397:
1375:
1350:
1310:
1273:
605:
161:
1380:
1402:
1365:
1355:
1231:
1360:
973:
1477:
1467:
209:) ceremony. The king would wear it on special occasions such as his coronation, royal processions or when receiving special audiences. Its use by
1472:
591:
1320:
1203:
1459:
1345:
1257:
915:
804:
733:
1503:
844:
199:
traditionally denoted royal or noble status, and was worn only by men. Members of the royal family would first use it during their
90:
1444:
632:
was a royal ceremony usually performed at the age of 11 or 13 and marked passage from childhood into adolescence and adulthood.
376:
237:
679:
206:
1003:
966:
433:
An officer supporting the urn of
Princess Bejaratana Rajasuda on the Lord's Palanquin wears the Nobleman's Gown and the
233:
152:
1198:
1587:
1498:
706:
575:
552:
293:
250:
229:
129:
70:
18:
1592:
1561:
959:
228:
through rank, office, or further royal permission. Entitled ranks include Grand
Companions and above of the
1582:
1493:
324:
201:
458:
181:
328:
1049:
1019:
414:
188:
used as royal attire differ further in certain details, and may be made of coloured or gold cloth.
98:
368:
121:
102:
1208:
525:
302:
296:, on 10 December 1932, wearing the Gown of the Great House of Chakri (āļāļĢāļļāļĒāļĄāļŦāļēāļāļąāļāļĢāļĩāļāļĢāļĄāļĢāļēāļāļ§āļāļĻāđ;
1193:
1142:
930:
819:
748:
859:
1168:
1085:
125:
1528:
1523:
1095:
1029:
982:
117:
66:
1576:
1147:
544:
364:
53:
41:
403:
The officers on the
Chariot of Great Victory wear the Nobleman's Gowns (āļāļĢāļļāļĒāļāļļāļāļāļēāļ;
1183:
1059:
1039:
886:"āļāļĢāļļāļāđāļēāđāļāļĢāļēāļ āđāļāđāļēāļāļāļ āļāļāļāđāļāļ·āļ (Paothong Thongchua's historical clothing collection)"
360:
1538:
1533:
1188:
1054:
418:
289:
262:
141:
497:
A French drawing depicts
Siamese diplomats wearing the Nobleman's Gown and the
241:
214:
109:
23:
93:, showing the Siamese king and ambassadors wearing such garments. Use of the
482:
1153:
1090:
474:
344:
62:
1080:
1044:
1034:
1024:
642:
625:
409:
320:
1100:
845:"āļāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļāļāļģāļŦāļāļāđāļŠāļ·āđāļāļāļĢāļļāļĒāļāļąāļāļāļīāļ āļāļāļāļāļļāļŽāļēāļĨāļāļāļĢāļāđāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļāļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒ āļāļļāļāļāļĻāļąāļāļĢāļēāļ 2473"
781:(in Thai). Memorial Hall of Chulalongkorn University. Archived from
705:(in Thai). Memorial Hall of Chulalongkorn University. Archived from
449:
The officers on the Minor
Chariot wear the Nobleman's Gown and the
132:
in 1930. Since 1967, some other universities have also adopted the
1543:
502:
173:
151:
140:
has acquired the more general meaning of any style of academic or
86:
17:
951:
224:
According to the 1912 ordinance, persons may be entitled to wear
1121:
1116:
1075:
645:, a term honouring a legendary nÄga from the time of the Buddha.
249:
is still seen in the ceremonial costumes worn during the annual
177:
58:
955:
128:
in 1915. It was adopted as the academic dress for graduates of
547:
wears the Second-Class
Ministerial Gown (āļāļĢāļļāļĒāđāļŠāļāļēāļĄāļēāļāļĒāđāļāļąāđāļāđāļ;
528:
wears the First-Class
Ministerial Gown (āļāļĢāļļāļĒāđāļŠāļāļēāļĄāļēāļāļĒāđāļāļąāđāļāđāļāļ;
294:
Constitution of the
Kingdom of Siam, Buddhist Era 2475 (1932)
701:
Memorial Hall of Chulalongkorn University (17 March 2011).
703:"āļāļĢāļļāļĒ: āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļāļĄāļē (Khrui: meaning and history)"
473:
A French drawing depicts Siamese diplomats, including
413:(āļĨāļāļĄāļāļāļ). The Chariot is carrying the urn of Princess
407:) together with the ancient official headgear called
217:(Buddhist ordination)âis the only occasion where the
105:
prohibiting its use by junior government officials.
1516:
1486:
1458:
1416:
1328:
1319:
1303:
1287:
1266:
1250:
1224:
1217:
1176:
1135:
1109:
1068:
1012:
996:
989:
551:). A recipient of the first or second class of the
156:A graduate of Chulalongkorn University wearing the
323:wears the Gown of the Great House of Chakri, the
232:and Knight Commanders and above of the Orders of
347:wearing the Gown of the Great House of Chakri.
221:is worn regardless of a person's social rank.
967:
57:) is a light outer garment worn as a gown or
8:
453:. The Chariot is carrying The Most Reverend
728:
726:
724:
1325:
1221:
993:
974:
960:
952:
606:Academic dress of Chulalongkorn University
69:employed by many universities, especially
929:: 422â3. 11 November 1914. Archived from
818:: 537â8. 28 February 1915. Archived from
455:Somdet Phra Wannarat (Chun Phrommakhutto)
300:) and the Crown of Five Tops (āļāļāļēāļŦāđāļēāļĒāļāļ;
371:wears the Gold-Woven Gown (āļāļĢāļļāļĒāļāļĢāļāļāļāļāļ;
136:as their academic regalia, and the term
1237:Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
658:
617:
564:
514:
393:
278:
884:Pakdeecharean, Penluck (7 July 2009).
592:Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University
477:, wearing the Nobleman's Gown and the
101:, as evidenced by mention in the 1804
594:wears the university's academic gown.
298:Khrui Maha Chakkri Boromma Ratchawong
184:depending on the rank of the wearer.
52:
7:
747:: 141â6. 2 July 1912. Archived from
858:: 92â5. 6 July 1930. Archived from
253:and occasional royal processions.
61:in certain ceremonial settings in
14:
775:"āļāļĨāļāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļĢāļļāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļāļĢāļĄāļĢāļēāļāļđāļāļāļąāļĄāļ āļ"
1557:
1556:
1167:
805:"āļāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļāļāļģāļŦāļāļāđāļŠāļ·āđāļāļāļĢāļļāļĒāđāļāļāļīāļāļąāļāļāļīāļ"
583:
567:
537:
517:
505:'s missive to Louis XIV in 1687.
490:
466:
442:
426:
396:
352:
336:
312:
281:
916:"āļāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļāļāļģāļŦāļāļāđāļŠāļ·āđāļāļāļĢāļļāļĒāđāļāļīāđāļĄāđāļāļīāļĄ"
112:(Rama VI) further codified the
555:is entitled to wear this gown.
481:while having an audience with
377:Coronation of the Thai monarch
213:ânovices preparing to undergo
162:the university's academic gown
91:that of Siam to France in 1686
1:
1004:Groves classification system
365:Temple of the Emerald Buddha
240:. Judges may wear it during
666:āļĄāļ°āļŠāļ°āļĨāļļāļĄ (5 December 2004).
578:, worn by King Prajadhipok.
120:of the Royal Pages School (
1609:
1199:Norman Hargreaves-Mawdsley
389:
331:; photo taken around 1851.
1552:
1165:
892:(in Thai). Archived from
81:The exact origins of the
45:
576:Chulalongkorn University
553:Order of Chula Chom Klao
343:A painting depicts King
251:Royal Ploughing Ceremony
230:Order of Chula Chom Klao
130:Chulalongkorn University
71:Chulalongkorn University
734:"āļāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļāļāļģāļŦāļāļāđāļŠāļ·āđāļāļāļĢāļļāļĒ"
549:Khrui Senamat Chan Tho
501:while presenting King
461:, on 15 November 2008.
417:to the crematorium at
325:Great Crown of Victory
164:
31:
1371:Liverpool John Moores
865:on September 30, 2007
530:Khrui Senamat Chan Ek
459:Wat Bowonniwet Vihara
238:the Crown of Thailand
155:
124:) in 1913 and Siam's
30:of a barrister-at-law
21:
574:An academic gown of
367:on 5 May 1950, King
359:Proceeding from the
1445:Undergraduate gowns
1050:Square academic cap
1020:Bishop Andrewes cap
678:(5). Archived from
415:Bejaratana Rajasuda
99:Rattanakosin period
97:continued into the
1524:The Burgon Society
511:"Ministerial Gown"
369:Bhumibol Adulyadej
234:the White Elephant
165:
122:Vajiravudh College
103:Law of Three Seals
32:
1570:
1569:
1512:
1511:
1454:
1453:
1329:England and Wales
1209:Vivienne Westwood
1163:
1162:
896:on 21 August 2011
890:Krungthep Turakij
825:on March 20, 2009
773:Chongkol, Sawat.
526:Abhisit Vejjajiva
390:"Nobleman's Gown"
373:Khrui Krong Thong
1600:
1588:Robes and cloaks
1560:
1559:
1529:Academic scarves
1326:
1222:
1194:Charles Franklyn
1171:
994:
976:
969:
962:
953:
946:
945:
943:
941:
936:on March 4, 2016
935:
920:
912:
906:
905:
903:
901:
881:
875:
874:
872:
870:
864:
849:
841:
835:
834:
832:
830:
824:
809:
801:
795:
794:
792:
790:
770:
764:
763:
761:
759:
754:on March 4, 2016
753:
738:
730:
719:
718:
716:
714:
698:
692:
691:
689:
687:
682:on 6 August 2012
663:
646:
639:
633:
622:
587:
571:
541:
521:
494:
470:
446:
437:, 10 April 2012.
430:
421:on 9 April 2012.
400:
356:
340:
316:
285:
56:
51:
47:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1548:
1508:
1487:Other countries
1482:
1450:
1412:
1315:
1299:
1283:
1262:
1246:
1213:
1172:
1159:
1131:
1105:
1064:
1008:
985:
980:
950:
949:
939:
937:
933:
918:
914:
913:
909:
899:
897:
883:
882:
878:
868:
866:
862:
847:
843:
842:
838:
828:
826:
822:
807:
803:
802:
798:
788:
786:
785:on 3 March 2012
772:
771:
767:
757:
755:
751:
736:
732:
731:
722:
712:
710:
709:on 4 March 2016
700:
699:
695:
685:
683:
665:
664:
660:
655:
650:
649:
640:
636:
623:
619:
614:
602:
595:
588:
579:
572:
563:
556:
542:
533:
524:Prime Minister
522:
513:
506:
495:
486:
471:
462:
457:, the Abbot of
447:
438:
431:
422:
405:Khrui Khun Nang
401:
392:
387:
380:
375:). Part of the
357:
348:
341:
332:
317:
308:
286:
277:
272:
207:topknot-cutting
194:
150:
126:Bar Association
79:
54:[kĘ°rÅŦi]
49:
12:
11:
5:
1606:
1604:
1596:
1595:
1593:Academic dress
1590:
1585:
1575:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1330:
1323:
1321:United Kingdom
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1226:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1030:Canterbury cap
1027:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1000:
998:
991:
987:
986:
983:Academic dress
981:
979:
978:
971:
964:
956:
948:
947:
907:
876:
836:
796:
779:āļāļāļāļāļĩāļŦāļāļāļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļāļī
765:
720:
693:
668:"āļĄāļ°āļāļļāļĄāļĄāļ°āļāļēāļŦāļĢāļē"
657:
656:
654:
651:
648:
647:
634:
616:
615:
613:
610:
609:
608:
601:
598:
597:
596:
590:A graduate of
589:
582:
580:
573:
566:
562:
561:Academic gowns
559:
558:
557:
543:
536:
534:
523:
516:
512:
509:
508:
507:
496:
489:
487:
472:
465:
463:
448:
441:
439:
432:
425:
423:
402:
395:
391:
388:
386:
385:Official gowns
383:
382:
381:
358:
351:
349:
342:
335:
333:
329:Royal Slippers
318:
311:
309:
287:
280:
276:
273:
271:
268:
193:
190:
149:
146:
118:academic dress
78:
75:
67:academic dress
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1605:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1583:Thai clothing
1581:
1580:
1578:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1460:United States
1457:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1434:Robert Gordon
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1311:Chulalongkorn
1309:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1148:Doctoral ring
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:Miscellaneous
1134:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1005:
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1060:Tudor bonnet
1040:Doctoral hat
938:. Retrieved
931:the original
926:
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898:. Retrieved
894:the original
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867:. Retrieved
860:the original
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26:wearing the
15:
1539:Legal dress
1534:Honor cords
1295:Santo Tomas
1288:Philippines
1204:George Shaw
1189:John Burgon
1055:Student cap
997:Terminology
925:(in Thai).
854:(in Thai).
814:(in Thai).
743:(in Thai).
674:(in Thai).
419:Sanam Luang
290:Prajadhipok
275:Royal gowns
263:raj pattern
256:Today, the
142:court dress
1577:Categories
1439:St Andrews
1393:Nottingham
1388:Manchester
1218:By country
990:Components
653:References
624:A form of
292:signs the
242:full dress
215:upasampada
148:Appearance
110:Vajiravudh
50:pronounced
24:Vajiravudh
1424:Edinburgh
1341:Cambridge
1232:Melbourne
1225:Australia
940:25 August
900:25 August
869:25 August
829:25 August
789:25 August
758:25 August
713:25 August
686:25 August
641:Thai for
612:Footnotes
483:Louis XIV
1562:Category
1517:See also
1478:Stanford
1468:Columbia
1417:Scotland
1356:Imperial
1304:Thailand
1279:National
1242:Tasmania
1154:Sub fusc
1091:Liripipe
1013:Headwear
600:See also
485:in 1687.
475:Kosa Pan
345:Nangklao
327:and the
182:goldwork
63:Thailand
1473:Harvard
1429:Glasgow
1408:Warwick
1336:Bristol
1267:Ireland
1081:Epitoge
1045:Faluche
1035:Couleur
1025:Biretta
626:tonsure
499:Lomphok
479:Lomphok
451:Lomphok
435:Lomphok
410:Lomphok
363:to the
321:Mongkut
270:Gallery
77:History
1499:France
1398:Oxford
1381:King's
1376:London
1351:Exeter
1346:Durham
1274:Dublin
1258:McGill
1251:Canada
1177:People
1101:Tippet
672:Osotho
305:Ha Yot
114:khrui'
1544:Praxe
1504:Spain
1494:China
1403:Wales
1366:Leeds
1143:Bands
1127:Khrui
1110:Gowns
1096:Stole
1069:Hoods
934:(PDF)
919:(PDF)
863:(PDF)
848:(PDF)
823:(PDF)
808:(PDF)
752:(PDF)
737:(PDF)
630:sokan
503:Narai
319:King
303:Chada
288:King
258:khrui
247:khrui
226:khrui
219:khrui
202:sokan
197:Khrui
186:Khrui
174:satin
169:khrui
158:khrui
138:khrui
134:khrui
108:King
95:khrui
87:Narai
83:khrui
37:khrui
28:khrui
22:King
1361:Kent
1122:Gown
1117:Cope
1086:Hood
1076:Cowl
942:2012
902:2012
871:2012
831:2012
791:2012
760:2012
715:2012
688:2012
643:nÄga
178:felt
167:The
59:robe
46:āļāļĢāļļāļĒ
42:Thai
34:The
236:or
211:nak
192:Use
160:as
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