Kawasaki Ki-61 - Knowledge (XXG)

1610: 501: 622: 555:. Both units were sent into a difficult theatre where jungles and adverse weather conditions, coupled with a lack of spares, quickly undermined the efficiency of both men and machines. Because the Ki-61 was so new, and had been rushed into service, it inevitably suffered from teething problems. Almost all of the modern Japanese aircraft engines, especially the Ki-61's liquid-cooled engines, suffered a disastrous series of failures and ongoing problems, which resulted in the obsolescent Ki-43 still forming the bulk of the JAAF's fighter capability. 1553: 170: 1530: 658:

only 12.7 mm (.50 in) machine guns. The empty and maximum weights for the Ki-61 prototype (2 × 12.7 mm/0.50 in + 2 × 7.7 mm/0.303 in) were 2,238 kg (4,934 lb) and 2,950 kg (6,504 lb), respectively; for the Ki-61-I basic (4 × 12.7 mm/.50 in) 3,130 kg (6,900 lb); and for the Ki-61-KAI (2 × 12.7 mm/0.50 in + 2 × 20 mm), 2,630 kg (5,798 lb) and 3,470 kg (6,750 lb).

866: 2433: 1576: 45: 696: 1503: 817:. On 3 December 1944, Shinomiya – along with Sergeant Masao Itagaki and Sergeant Matsumi Nakano – intercepted a B-29 raid; Shinomaya rammed one B-29, but was able to land his damaged Ki-61, which had lost most of the port outer wing, back at base. After attacking another B-29 Itagaki had to parachute from his damaged fighter, while Nakano rammed and damaged 1596:(IPSF) (Indonesian pro-independence guerrillas)– captured six such aircraft at numerous Japanese air bases, including Bugis Air Base in Malang (repatriated 18 September 1945). At least one was restored. Most aircraft were destroyed in military conflicts between the Netherlands and the newly proclaimed-Republic of Indonesia during the 312:. Priority was given to the Ki-60, which first flew in April 1941, while design work on the Ki-61 did not begin until December 1940. Although the Ki-61 was broadly similar to the Ki-60, it featured several refinements exploiting lessons learned from the disappointing flight characteristics of the earlier design. 873:

Despite their successful attacks, these pilots gained no reprieve, and were obliged to continue these deadly and dangerous ramming tactics until they were killed, or else wounded so badly that they could no longer fly. They were regarded as doomed men and were celebrated among the ranks of those who

463:

The DB-601 engine required precise and sophisticated manufacturing; the Ha-40 was lighter by roughly 30 kg (70 lb) and required even higher manufacturing standards. Reaching these standards proved difficult for Japanese manufacturers, an issue further complicated by the variable quality of

657:

Owing to the additional weight, the Ki-61's performance and agility suffered when its armament was increased, but it still remained capable with a 580 km/h (313 kn) maximum speed. The cannon armament was needed to counter the Allied bombers, which proved to be difficult to shoot down with

471:

Compared to the Ki-61-I, the Ki-61-II had 10% greater wing area, used more armour and was powered by the Kawasaki Ha-140 engine generating 1,120 kW (1,500 hp). After overcoming initial fuselage and wing stability problems, the new interceptor reverted to the original wing and was put into

649:. The Ki-61 was notable for many reasons: initially identified as of either German or Italian origin, these aircraft were capable of matching Allied aircraft such as the P-40 in speed, and as evaluation had already shown, were superior in almost every respect. However, the armament of the early 406:. Although test pilots were enthusiastic about its self-sealing fuel tanks, upgraded armament, and good dive performance, the wing loading of 146.3 kg/m (30 lb/ft) at an all-up weight of 2,950 kg (6,500 lb) was viewed with scepticism by many of the senior officers of the 653:

was lighter, but still sufficient for most purposes. Some authors claim that the Lockheed P-38 Lightning was measurably superior. The Ki-61 carried a great deal of fuel, but due to having self-sealing fuel tanks it was not considered readily flammable, as many other Japanese aircraft were.

472:

service as the Ki-61-II-KAI. However, the Ha-140 engine had severe reliability problems that were never fully resolved, and around half of the first batch of engines delivered were returned to the factory to be re-built. A US bombing raid on 19 January 1945 destroyed the engine factory in

338:

which were set in a "staggered" configuration (the port weapon slightly further forward than that to starboard) in a bay just above and behind the engine. The breeches partly projected into the cockpit, above the instrument panel. The Ho-103 was a light weapon for its caliber (around

1609: 386:

pivot points. The undercarriage track was relatively wide at 4 m (13 ft 1.5 in). Each wing had a partially self-sealing 190 L (50 US gal) fuel tank behind the main spar, just outboard of the fuselage. A single weapon (initially a 7.7 mm/0.303 in

562:(JAAF), but when the Allies re-organized and enhanced the combat capabilities of their air forces, they gained the upper hand against the JAAF. High non-combat losses were also experienced by the Japanese during this campaign. For example, while in transit between 751:

attacks a matter of policy by forming ramming attack flights specifically to oppose the B-29s at high altitude. The aircraft were stripped of their fuselage armament and protective systems in order to attain the required altitudes. Although the term

601:

However, the increasing numerical strength of Allied bomber units, along with inadequate anti-aircraft systems, imposed crippling losses on Japanese units. Approximately 174 out of 200 Japanese aircraft based in the Wewak area were lost during the

687:, and even to operational training units in the JAAF. The aircraft was largely trouble-free in service except for the liquid-cooled engine which tended to overheat when idling on the ground and suffered from oil circulation and bearing problems. 491:

proved capable, but several shortcomings were subsequently revealed in operational service, namely the armor protection that was insufficient against larger guns and a sub-standard engine that eventually led to a new engine being considered.

850:(there are 89 known recipients, most of whom fought and scored against B-29s). The existence of the ramming unit had been kept confidential until then, but it was officially disclosed in the combat results announcement and officially named " 484:. While the Ha-112 solved the problems encountered with the Ha-140, the new engine still had a major weakness: a lack of power at altitude, which diminished its ability to intercept high-flying B-29 Superfortresses relative to the Ki-61-II. 581:

The new Japanese fighter caused some pain and consternation among Allied pilots, particularly when they found out the hard way that they could no longer go into a dive and escape as they had from lighter Japanese fighters. General

739:

into a B-29; debris from the explosion severely damaged another B-29, which also went down. Other attacks of this nature followed, as a result of which individual pilots determined it was a practicable way of destroying B-29s.

937:

Second production fighter variant: Tailwheel retraction mechanism was unreliable, the aircraft was modified accordingly. Two 12.7 mm (.50 in) Ho-103 machine guns replaced the wing 7.7 mm (.303 in) machine

443:

The Ki-61 was the last of the fighters powered by the DB-601 or its foreign derivatives, and it was soon overshadowed by fighters with more powerful engines. By the time it first flew in December 1941, one year after the

520:. In early reports, when it was thought to have been a German fighter, the Ki-61 had been code-named "Mike". The final, and better known code name adopted was "Tony", because the Ki-61 looked like an Italian aircraft. 5290: 885:

Some other Ki-61 pilots also achieved renown, among them Major Teruhiko Kobayashi of the 244th Sentai, who was credited by some with a dozen victories mostly due to conventional attacks against B-29s.

869:

A Ki-61 of the 149th shumbutai, taken in Ashiya after the war. The tail markings indicate it formerly came from the Akeno Kyodo Hikoshidan and the 59th sentai before being allocated to the 149th.

322:, with a maximum depth of 1.35 m (4 ft 5 in). An unusual feature of the Ki-61 was that the engine bearers were constructed as an integral part of the forward fuselage, with the 829:

department store while Nakano's Ki-61 was displayed outside, alongside of a life-size cut-away drawing of the forward fuselage of a B-29. These three pilots were the first recipients of the

339:

23 kg/51 lb) and fired a light shell, but this was compensated for by its rapid rate of fire. The ammunition capacity was limited, having only around 250 rounds for each weapon. A

4586: 448:'s first flight and three years after the first Bf 109E, the engine was already underpowered compared to the new 1,120 kW (1,500 hp) inline or 1,491 kW (2,000 hp) 2149:

First unit to convert to the Ki-61. Unit was destroyed by Allied air forces in New Guinea. Most surviving ground and aircrew were used as infantry, with few survivors. A Ki-61-1-

2243:

JAAF's youngest Sentai commander. Also had an air-to-air B-29 ramming unit. Sentai claimed 73 B-29s shot down plus 92 damaged. Most famous of the Home Defence Sentais. Captain

566:

and Rabaul, the 78th lost 18 of its 30 Ki-61s. The finicky Ha-40 engine could not be overhauled in the theatre, instead they had to be shipped to the nearest service depot in

508:

The Ki-61 looked so different from the usual radial-engined Japanese fighters that the Allies at first believed it to be of German or Italian origin, possibly a license-built

5283: 2331:

Main flight training school for Army fighter pilots. Many of the instructors participated in missions in defence of Japan 1944–1945. Akeno Airbase still in operational use.

854:" ("Body Attack Detachment") by the Defense GHQ. On 27 January 1945, Itakagi survived another ramming attack on a B-29, again parachuting to safety, and received a second 2184:

Second unit to convert to the Ki-61. Unit was destroyed by Allied air forces in New Guinea. Most surviving ground and aircrew were used as infantry, with few survivors.

1653:. By 1944, with the depredations of Allied attacks on supply lines and airfields, as well as the loss of pilots and aircraft through combat attrition and accidents, few 5532: 2379: 6165: 5541: 4505: 209: 5299: 5276: 4579: 4240: 4189: 606:. By the end of the campaign, nearly 2,000 Japanese aircraft had been lost in air attacks from up to 200 Allied aircraft at a time, around half of which were 460:

Ha-40 engine proved to be an unreliable powerplant, exacerbated in the South Pacific campaign, where high temperatures caused problems with the fuel pumps.

4145: 464:

materials, fuel, and the lubricants needed to run a sensitive, high-performance engine. The Japanese equivalent of the more powerful DB-605 engine was the

587: 343:

with a capacity of 165 L (44 US gal) was located behind the pilot's seat. The windshield was armored and there was a 13 mm (.51 in)

6170: 6155: 4572: 630: 2744: 2416: 2717: 500: 2088:

recipient. Warrant Officer Kazuo Shimizu flew with unit from February 1942 right through to August 1945; 18 victories, including nine bombers.

6175: 3910: 1565: 100: 5525: 2252: 2244: 2240: 2160: 2154: 2016: 1746: 5217: 3629: 3393: 3096:

DeMoss, R.W.; Duncan, R.L. (26 January 1945). "Final Report on Comparative Combat Evaluation Trials of Japanese Tony 1 Type 3 Fighter".

326:

side panels being fixed. For servicing or replacement, only the top and bottom cowling panels could be removed. A tapered, rectangular

4595: 3276: 3063: 2739: 1515: 559: 224:, which never entered production. The Ki-61 became the only mass-produced Japanese fighter of the war to use a liquid-cooled inverted 197: 82: 1535: 4034: 4018: 3989: 3974: 3942: 3895: 3871: 3842: 3808: 3784: 3764: 3746: 3728: 3701: 3683: 2408: 429: 417:

which had a wing loading of 92.6 kg/m (19 lb/ft) (and even that was considered borderline compared to the earlier Ki-27).

4097: 315:

The all-metal, semi-monocoque fuselage was basically oval in cross-section, changing to a tapered, semi-triangular oval behind the

3242: 2734: 2396:

640 – Ki-61-I under restoration to airworthy condition at Ardmore, Auckland, New Zealand by AvSpecs. It will become part of the

6032: 6007: 5518: 4138: 2362:

Flight training school for Army fighter pilots. Many of the instructors participated in missions in defence of Japan 1944-1945

217: 4475: 1597: 504:

A captured Kawasaki Ki-61 fighter tested by the U.S. Navy Naval Air Test Center Patuxent River, Maryland (USA), in June 1945

452:

being developed (and already nearing the mass-production stage) to power the next generation of combat aircraft such as the

278:; the Ki-61 was to be a more lightly loaded and armed general-purpose fighter, intended to be used mainly in an offensive, 4245: 4199: 1542: 241: 89: 822: 611: 330:

air intake was located on the port-side cowling. Behind the engine bulkhead were the ammunition boxes feeding a pair of

5620: 2707: 2020: 621: 607: 457: 2797:

Nakajima designed a similar fighter, the Ki-62, also powered by an Ha-40. This design later became the basis for the

2255:

nine B-29s plus one F6F destroyed, six B-29s damaged. Major Teruhiko Kobayashi, three B-29s plus two F6Fs destroyed.

1593: 1282:

Pre-production started with the first prototype completed in July 1941, and with further eleven builds in early 1942.

3191: 6160: 4154: 4131: 1288: 1034: 727:

was first recorded in late August 1944, when B-29s from Chinese airfields attempted to bomb the steel factories at

72: 825:

and crash-landed his stripped-down Ki-61 in a field. Shinomaya's damaged Ki-61 was later displayed inside Tokyo's

758:" is often used to refer to the pilots undertaking these attacks, the word was not used by the Japanese military. 724: 646: 453: 2788:

was selected as the standard IJAAF interceptor fighter and followed broadly similar specifications to the Ki-60.

1008:: Armed with 2 x 12.7 mm (.50 in) machine guns in the wings and 2 x 20 mm cannon in the fuselage. 2423:; it was removed from the museum in September 2015 and restored by Kawasaki Heavy Industries from 2015 to 2016. 2401: 2397: 638: 2854:

There is an inconsistency in the locations given; Kagamigahara is (wrongly) listed by Sakaida as being in the

5510: 5313: 2823: 595: 4564: 2702: 440:. The Ki-61 proved the fastest of all the aircraft and was inferior only to the Ki-43 in manoeuvrability. 340: 200:, it was designated the "Army Type 3 Fighter" (三式戦闘機). Allied intelligence initially believed Ki-61s were 67: 972:: Interceptor variant with 2 × 12.7 mm (.50 in) machine guns and 2 × 30 mm (1.18 in) 614:

armed with fragmentation bombs. After the Japanese retreat, over 340 aircraft wrecks were later found at

410:, who still believed in the light, highly manoeuvrable, lightly armed fighter epitomised by the then new 4470: 4465: 2592: 2247:

considered the ranking ace of 244 Sentai and possibly leading B-29 "killer" of JAAF (11 B-29s) plus two

513: 169: 5982: 5106: 5061: 5021: 4976: 4855: 4840: 4815: 4805: 4800: 4780: 6115: 6091: 5257: 5212: 5207: 5127: 4750: 4735: 4730: 4490: 4480: 4372: 4053: 3453: 3359: 2712: 2697: 2667: 1589: 1020:

Prototype: This version had a cut-down rear fuselage and a canopy design which was later used by the

591: 509: 437: 433: 331: 271: 201: 94: 5056: 4986: 4941: 4881: 4876: 4810: 4790: 4760: 4715: 4685: 4670: 4342: 4317: 4267: 4169: 1629:, was the basic operational unit of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force, composed of three or more 6067: 6062: 5715: 5705: 5575: 4439: 2248: 2010: 1991: 1962: 931:

in the forward decking. Capable of carrying one 151 L (40 gal) drop tank or a light bomb.

924: 388: 305: 253: 5041: 4720: 769:(Fighter group), then commanded by Captain Takashi Fujita, who organised a ramming flight called " 5992: 5937: 4495: 3917:

Huggins, Mark (May–June 1999). "Setting Sun: Japanese Air Defence of the Philippines 1944–1945".

3106: 2855: 2624: 2412: 2390: 2079: 2036: 1940: 1775: 1690: 1002:

wing, a 220 mm (8.7 in) fuselage stretch, enlarged rudder, and Ha-140 engine; 30 built.

928: 634: 335: 1718:

One of Kawasaki's main factories was located at Kagamigahara which, in 1944 was not yet a city.

245: 6133: 6097: 5660: 5655: 5152: 4030: 4014: 3985: 3970: 3954: 3938: 3922: 3906: 3891: 3877: 3867: 3848: 3838: 3804: 3780: 3770: 3760: 3742: 3724: 3707: 3697: 3679: 3637: 3059: 2842: 2420: 2386: 2375: 2106: 477: 3693:

Kawasaki Ki. 61/Ki. 100 Hien in Japanese Army Air Force service, Aircam Aviation Series No.21

3404: 2339: 2153:, manufacturer's No. 640 is one of the best preserved aircraft wrecks in New Guinea. Captain 6047: 5967: 5947: 5942: 5897: 5757: 5700: 5645: 5635: 5570: 5565: 5496: 5434: 5396: 5227: 5177: 5162: 5137: 5096: 5086: 5026: 4966: 4956: 4946: 4901: 4871: 4835: 4770: 4755: 4710: 4705: 4695: 4680: 4675: 4444: 2687: 2677: 2229: 1994: 1966: 1857: 1795: 992:

Prototype with 1,500 PS (1,103 kW) Ha-140 engine and first flown in December 1943.

807: 642: 603: 473: 379: 360: 263: 193: 60: 4111: 3550: 3273: 865: 512:. The first Ki-61 seen by Allied aircrew had been misidentified as a Bf 109 by USAAF Capt. 402:("Type 3 Fighter, Model 1", the official IJAAF designation) first flew in December 1941 at 355:

cooler for the liquid-cooled engine were in a ventral location below the fuselage and wing

5932: 5887: 5882: 5822: 5817: 5736: 5730: 5725: 5610: 5600: 5488: 5480: 5461: 5337: 5252: 5242: 5232: 5222: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5172: 5167: 5157: 5132: 5111: 5081: 5071: 4996: 4981: 4971: 4961: 4891: 4886: 4785: 4725: 4690: 4615: 4610: 4538: 4377: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4101: 4080: 3280: 3246: 3097: 2672: 2655: 2308: 2110: 2075: 2040: 1978: 1861: 1762: 1734: 1700: 1694: 1021: 577:

Even with these problems, there was some concern in Allied aviation circles regarding the

481: 465: 420:

To address these concerns, Kawasaki staged a fly-off between two Ki-61 prototypes and the

375: 319: 297: 279: 228:. Over 3,000 Ki-61s were produced. Initial prototypes saw action over Yokohama during the 161: 5101: 3576: 2282: 1727: 5268: 4094: 3801:

Meatballs and Dead Birds: A Photo Gallery Of Destroyed Japanese Aircraft In World War II

3603: 862:

recipients. Sergeant Shigeru Kuroishikawa was another distinguished member of the unit.

6085: 6037: 6022: 6017: 6002: 5972: 5957: 5952: 5927: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5877: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5802: 5792: 5777: 5767: 5747: 5720: 5670: 5615: 5590: 5585: 5555: 5453: 5388: 5369: 5361: 5353: 5345: 5321: 5247: 5237: 5202: 5182: 5147: 5091: 5066: 5051: 5046: 5031: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4916: 4906: 4896: 4850: 4845: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4795: 4775: 4765: 4745: 4740: 4700: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4640: 4548: 4543: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4382: 4352: 4347: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4312: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4262: 4235: 4204: 4194: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4117: 3523: 3496: 3438: 3239: 2798: 2785: 2722: 2682: 2650: 2350: 2319: 2312: 2049: 2045: 1912: 1908: 1882: 1830: 1804: 1800: 1753:

for shooting down three B-29s (one by ramming) 7 April 1945 and damaging three others.

1614: 983: 923:

First production version: fully retractable tailwheel, two 7.7 mm (0.303 in)

840: 836: 748: 736: 720: 517: 425: 421: 411: 403: 344: 267: 258: 229: 221: 151: 468:, which was fitted onto the Type 3 to produce the Ki-61-II high-altitude interceptor. 6149: 6127: 6109: 6103: 6012: 5977: 5917: 5842: 5685: 5680: 5650: 5580: 5560: 5076: 4991: 4911: 4645: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4485: 4418: 4408: 4257: 4252: 4214: 3678:(in Czech with English and German captions). Praha, Czech Republic: Modelpres, 1992. 2534: 1467:

Pre-production started with eight prototypes completed during Aug. 1943 to Jan. 1944.

973: 953: 728: 583: 449: 356: 285:

Both single-seat, single-engine fighters used the same basic construction: all-metal

4006:(History of the Army 244 Group) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Soubunsha, 1995. ISBN unknown. 6057: 6027: 5997: 5962: 5922: 5847: 5807: 5787: 5782: 5772: 5762: 5742: 5690: 5675: 5665: 5640: 5630: 5625: 5605: 5595: 5415: 5142: 5036: 4951: 4423: 4413: 4403: 4398: 4219: 4209: 4106: 3470: 3058:, Pacific Profiles, vol. 1, Kent Town, Australia: Avonmore Books, p. 66, 2692: 2491: 2432: 445: 383: 371: 370:

of 7.2 with a gross area of 20 m (215.28 ft) and featured three spars; a

367: 327: 275: 205: 3888:

World Encyclopedia of Aircraft Manufacturers: From the Pioneers to the Present Day

6121: 5872: 2617: 2137: 2064: 1791: 1705: 963: 708: 563: 44: 776:" ("Special Attack Unit"), which was composed out of volunteers from the three 671:) missions launched toward the end of the war. The Ki-61 was delivered to 15th 5892: 5812: 5797: 5752: 5710: 3997:

Hien Fighter Group: A Pictorial History of the 244th Sentai, Tokyo's Defenders

2157:

transferred from 64th Sentai, April 1942. KIA 15 December 1943 30+ victories.

2068: 1936: 695: 532: 3958: 3926: 3881: 3852: 6052: 5987: 5695: 2141: 2060: 1892: 1852: 1771: 1581: 679: 571: 567: 395: 352: 290: 3774: 3301: 476:, and 275 Ki-61-II-KAI airframes without engines were converted to use the 256:

Aa. Production aircraft would use a Kawasaki licensed DB 601, known as the

232:

on 18 April 1942, and continued to fly combat missions throughout the war.

3861: 3832: 3711: 2558:

580 km/h (360 mph, 310 kn) at 5,000 m (16,000 ft)

1641:

having 16 aircraft and pilots plus a maintenance and repair unit. Several

2837: 2225: 2193: 2056: 1810: 986:. It was the fastest Ki-61 built, achieving 630 km/h (395 mph). 847: 812: 771: 754: 662: 615: 348: 293: 225: 4075: 3754: 843:, which had been inaugurated on 7 December 1944 as an Imperial Edict by 391:) was able to be carried in a weapons bay located behind the main spar. 4460: 3691: 2811: 2485: 1836: 1709: 905:('modified' or 'improved') was also used for some models of the Ki-61. 844: 831: 323: 316: 301: 189: 4061:

Vaccari, Pier Francesco. "Guerra Aerea in Nuova Guinea" (in Italian).

2537:

inverted liquid-cooled V-12 piston engine, 864 kW (1,159 hp)

2251:

destroyed, six other aircraft damaged using Ki-61 and Ki-100. Captain

2133: 2124: 673: 552: 309: 17: 4123: 966:

and two 12.7 mm (.50 in) wing mounted Ho-103 machine guns.

374:

main spar and two auxiliary spars. The rear spar carried the split

3999:(in Japanese/English). Tokyo: Dai Nippon Kaga, 2004. ISBN unknown. 2431: 2006: 1922: 1645:

had other units under their operational control, most notably the

1608: 1558: 1508: 864: 712: 694: 620: 544: 531:, and entered combat for the first time in early 1943, during the 499: 286: 168: 4114:- Article on Ki-61-II-Kai production No. 5017, still in existence 3793:

The Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien (Aircraft in Profile, Volume 5, No. 118)

3676:

Kawasaki Ki-61 a Ki.100 (Profily letadel II. Svetové války no.4)

982:: Experimental aircraft with evaporation system, as used on the 527:

fighters entered service with a special training unit, the 23rd

5514: 5272: 4568: 4127: 4120:- Covers the discovery, recovery and restoration in some detail 3903:

Japanese Army Air Force Fighter Units and Their Aces, 1931-1945

3056:

Japanese Army Fighters: New Guinea & the Solomons 1942-1944

2163:

officially credited with eight victories plus 16 unofficially.

962:

Fighter variant with two fuselage mounted Japanese 20 mm

927:

in the wings and two synchronized 12.7 mm (0.50 in)

4085: 3325: 2943: 2941: 2939: 1459:

Out of 374 Ki-61-II builds, 275 were completed as Ki-100 Ia.

3604:"Flying swallow WWII fighter restored to glory by Kawasaki" 3149: 3147: 1477:

According to USSBS Report: 3,058

4052:

United States Strategic Bombing Survey Aircraft Division.

3834:

War Planes of the Second World War, Volume Three: Fighters

2964: 2962: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2015:

Unit claimed 11 B-29s for 30 pilots lost. Warrant Officer

5542:

World War II Allied reporting names for Japanese aircraft

3967:

The Hamlyn Concise Guide to Axis Aircraft of World War II

2527:

2x 200 L (53 US gal; 44 imp gal)

3863:

JWW2 Aircraft Fact Files: Japanese Army Fighters, Part 1

3815:

Gibertini, Giorgio (August 1998). "Rondini Giapponesi".

2519:

550 L (150 US gal; 120 imp gal)

1488:

Figure includes: 2,666 Ki-61-I and 412 Ki-61-II builds

1480:

Figure includes: 2,654 Ki-61-I and 404 Ki-61-II builds

998:: Pre-production version which reverted to the Ki-61-I- 952:

variant, the wing machine guns were replaced by Mauser

3803:. Mexhanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 2004. 2773:

Technical Branch of the Imperial Army Air Headquarters

2374:

299 – Ki-61-Ia under restoration to static display at

858:; he survived the war as only one of two known double- 3354: 3352: 3350: 3901:

Hata, Ikuhiko, Yasuho Izawa and Christopher Shores.

3890:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1993. 3577:"Ki-61-II Kai Tony Manufacture Number 61217 Tail 17" 1485:

According to Francillon: 3,078

743:

On 7 November 1944, the officer commanding the 10th

625:

Capt. Teruhiko Kobayashi's Ki-61 of the 244th Sentai

6076: 5548: 5473: 5446: 5427: 5408: 5381: 5306: 5120: 4864: 4603: 4504: 4453: 4432: 4391: 4228: 4162: 3795:. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications Ltd. 2662:

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

1953:flew Ki-61 for a short time in Home Island Defence 558:Initially, this campaign went successfully for the 157: 147: 139: 131: 123: 118: 110: 78: 66: 56: 51: 34: 3153: 2926: 2924: 2911: 2909: 3779:(new edition 1987 by Putnam Aeronautical Books, 3227: 3215: 2380:Papua New Guinea National Museum and Art Gallery 598:to counter the threat of the new enemy fighter. 382:ailerons, while the front spar incorporated the 3984:. Botley, Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1997. 3819:(in Italian). Parma, Italy: West-ward edizioni. 1918:New Guinea, Manchuria (Manchoukuo), East Indies 1613:Derelict Ki-61s in 1945 after the surrender. A 2818:and Captain Ornell Stauffer's B-29-BW 42-6368 252:for two fighters, each to be built around the 5526: 5284: 4580: 4139: 4058:Corporation Report IV, Washington, D.C. 1947. 3261: 2947:Green & Swanborough 1976, pp. 18–23. 2407:6117 – Ki-61-II-Kai on static display at the 2378:, New Zealand by AvSpecs. To be displayed at 8: 3860:Green, William; Swanborough, Gordon (1976). 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 2305:Akeno Kyodo Hikoshidan (Akeno Flight School) 901:are the Japanese equivalents to a, b, c, d. 643:bombing raids over the Japanese home islands 220:. The design originated as a variant of the 4076:KI-61 article on vectorsite (public domain) 3949:Januszewski, Tadeusz; Jarski, Adam (1992). 3937:(in Polish). Lublin, Poland: Kagero, 2003. 594:completely outclassed, and begged for more 5533: 5519: 5511: 5291: 5277: 5269: 4587: 4573: 4565: 4146: 4132: 4124: 4095:virtual page about performance of Ki-61Kai 3951:Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien, Monografie Lotnicze 5 3658: 3126: 3086:Januszewski & Jarski 1992, p. 38. 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3029: 2977: 2300:Evaluation and conversion unit for Ki-61. 31: 4107:Profile drawings and artwork on the Ki-61 4029:. Botley, Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. 3387: 3385: 3020: 2968:Green & Swanborough 1976, p. 23. 2588:173.5 kg/m (35.5 lb/sq ft) 2215:April 1942, reorganised from 144th Sentai 1925:, Dutch East Indies (currently Indonesia) 677:(group/wing), as well as some individual 586:, the Allied air forces commander in the 539:(Air Group/Wing) fully equipped with the 300:wings, with alloy-framed, fabric-covered 248:in response to a late 1939 tender by the 4392:Japanese Self-Defense Force designations 3905:. London: Grub Street Publishing, 2002. 3177: 3165: 3116:– via WWIIaircraftperformance.org. 3049: 3047: 2930: 2915: 2835:Shinomaya eventually lost his life as a 2582:7.0 min to 5,000 m (16,000 ft) 2115:Unit used Ki-61 from the summer of 1944 1659: 1470: 1285: 1031: 810:Toru Shinomiya was selected to lead the 4081:USN report on captured Ki-61 (pdf file) 3953:(in Polish). Gdańsk, Poland: AJ-Press. 3823:Green, William. "An Oriental Swallow." 3105:(Technical report). Vol. PTR-115. 2871: 2761: 2745:List of aircraft of Japan, World War II 2564:580 km (360 mi, 310 nmi) 2417:Chiran Peace Museum for Kamikaze Pilots 1657:were able to operate at full strength. 6166:World War II Japanese fighter aircraft 4044:Tanimura, Masami; et al. (1967). 3524:"Ki-61-II Tony Manufacture Number 640" 3497:"Ki-61-II Tony Manufacture Number 379" 3471:"Ki-61-Ia Tony Manufacture Number 299" 3240:"Pacific War Chronology: August 1944." 3138: 1649:("Special Attack Units") of the 244th 1568:- also operated some captured aircraft 270:was to be a heavily armed specialised 262:, which was to be manufactured at its 5300:Imperial Japanese Army aircraft names 4025:Takaki, Koji; Sakaida, Henry (2001). 3636:. Chiran Peace Museum. Archived from 661:A number of Ki-61s were also used in 7: 4118:Ki-61-II Tony Manufacture Number 640 4048:. Blaine, Washington: Paul Gaudette. 4013:. Bristol, UK: Parragon Book, 1997. 3982:Japanese Army Air Force Aces 1937-45 3756:Japanese aircraft of the Pacific War 2443:Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War 2102:Philippines, Formosa, Okinawa, Japan 480:-II radial engine, resulting in the 363:with a large, adjustable exit flap. 4506:World War II Allied reporting names 4229:Imperial Japanese Army designations 3602:Izawa, Tomoyuki (14 October 2016). 3549:Marsh, Don; Long, James I. (2004). 3326:"Japanese website dedicated to the 3054:Claringbould, Michael John (2020), 2814:Robert Clinksale's B-29-BW 42-6334 1617:heavy fighter is in the background. 1014:: Armed with 4 x 20 mm cannon. 547:, New Guinea, followed by the 78th 359:, covered by a rectangular section 4596:Imperial Japanese Army Air Service 4086:Japanese website dedicated to the 3469:Taylan, Justin (30 January 2022). 2740:List of military aircraft of Japan 2635:2× 250 kg (550 lb) bombs 2463:8.94 m (29 ft 4 in) 1594:Indonesian People's Security Force 1566:People's Liberation Army Air Force 1516:Imperial Japanese Army Air Service 948:was built in conjunction with the 780:(squadrons) of the 244th: the 1st 731:. Sergeant Shigeo Nobe of the 4th 604:attacks of August 17–21 1943 198:Imperial Japanese Army Air Service 101:People's Liberation Army Air Force 83:Imperial Japanese Army Air Service 25: 6079:thought to be in Japanese service 3741:. Glasgow: Collins/Jane's, 1995. 2576:15.2 m/s (2,990 ft/min) 2543:3-bladed variable pitch propeller 2475:3.7 m (12 ft 2 in) 2409:Kakamigahara Air and Space Museum 2346:Matsuyama airfield, Formosa, 1943 2099:Ki-32, Ki-51, Ki-43, Ki-61, Ki-45 1661:Units operating the Ki-61 "Hien" 1637:had 27 to 49 aircraft, with each 1545:- Operated some captured aircraft 430:Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Goudkov LaGG-3 282:role at low to medium altitudes. 3866:. London: Macdonald and Jane's. 2735:List of aircraft of World War II 2469:12 m (39 ft 4 in) 2436:3-view drawing of Kawasaki Ki-61 2385:379 – Ki-61-I in storage at the 1574: 1551: 1528: 1501: 719:The tactic of using aircraft to 707:Ki-61 found and photographed at 641:and as an interceptor during US 366:The evenly-tapered wings had an 43: 6171:Single-engined tractor aircraft 6156:1940s Japanese fighter aircraft 4055:Kawasaki Aircraft Company, Ltd. 4004:Rikugun Hiko Dai 244 Sentai Shi 3551:"The Many Faces of TONY "5017"" 3394:"Indonesian aviation 1945-1950" 2623:2× 12.7 mm (0.50 in) 2481:20 m (220 sq ft) 2415:. Previously on display at the 2023:destroyed, four B-29s damaged) 874:were going to certain death as 761:The units assigned to the 10th 629:The Ki-61 was also utilised in 3969:. London: Bounty Books, 2006. 3316:Sakaida 1997, pp. 70, 94. 2718:Weiss Manfréd WM-23 Ezüst Nyíl 2570:11,600 m (38,100 ft) 1598:Indonesian National Revolution 192:") is a Japanese World War II 27:WWII Japanese Fighter Aircraft 1: 4112:The Many Faces of Tony "5017" 3827:, Vol. 9, no. 2, August 1975. 3690:Bueschel, Richard M. (1971). 3575:Taylan, Justin (3 May 2016). 3522:Taylan, Justin (3 May 2016). 3495:Taylan, Justin (3 May 2016). 3429:Bueschel1971, pp. 47–49. 3420:Sakaida 1997, pp. 82–87. 3392:Heyman, Jos (November 2005). 3344:Sakaida 1997, pp. 74–75. 3292:Sakaida 1997, pp. 67–70. 3154:Januszewski & Jarski 1992 3041:Vaccari 2000, pp. 82–90. 2998:Francillon 1979, p. 114. 2616:2× 20 mm (0.79 in) 2506:3,470 kg (7,650 lb) 2500:2,630 kg (5,798 lb) 2428:Specifications (Ki-61-I-KAIc) 2178:Manchuria, Rabaul, New Guinea 2084:1st Lieutenant Naoyuki Ogata 1948:Japan, Eastern Defence Sector 1543:Chinese Nationalist Air Force 612:North American B-25 Mitchells 90:Chinese Nationalist Air Force 6176:Aircraft first flown in 1941 5549:Aircraft in Japanese service 4063:Rivista Italiana Difesa, N.8 4011:World War II Combat Aircraft 3791:Francillon, René J. (1966). 3753:Francillon, René J. (1979). 3228:Green & Swanborough 1976 3216:Green & Swanborough 1976 2318:Ki-10, Ki-27, Ki-43, Ki-44, 1633:(companies or squadrons). A 835:, Japan's equivalent to the 683:(Squadron Leaders) in other 608:Consolidated B-24 Liberators 400:San-shiki-Sentohki ichi gata 218:United States War Department 3610:. The Asahi Shimbun Company 3403:. p. 8. Archived from 3283:Retrieved: 26 October 2010. 2708:North American P-51 Mustang 725:Boeing B-29 Superfortresses 647:Boeing B-29 Superfortresses 334:12.7 mm (.50 in) 6192: 5484:(Japanese Apricot Blossom) 3077:Tanimura 1967, p. 17. 2956:Tanimura 1967, p. 12. 240:The Ki-61 was designed by 73:Kawasaki Kōkūki Kōgyō K.K. 3335:. Retrieved: 7 June 2008. 3307:. Retrieved: 3 June 2008. 3262:Takaki & Sakaida 2001 2894:Mondey 2006, p. 144. 2858:, which is north of Gifu 2343:(Flight Training Company) 1625:, usually referred to as 1294: 1040: 691:Ki-61 Special Attack Unit 454:Republic P-47 Thunderbolt 42: 4027:B-29 Hunters of the JAAF 3739:Aircraft of World War II 3723:. London: Lorenz Books. 3719:Crosby, Francis (2002). 3379:Francillon, 1979, p. 114 3370:Francillon, 1979, p. 112 3252:Retrieved: 12 June 2008. 2903:Ethell 1995, p. 82. 2885:Francillon, 1979, p. 120 2402:Virginia Beach, Virginia 2398:Military Aviation Museum 1774:, Philippines, Formosa, 596:Lockheed P-38 Lightnings 3831:Green, William (1961). 3444:Retrieved: 8 June 2008. 3274:Photo of Nakano's Ki-61 2989:Green 1975, p. 78. 2597:0.25 kW/kg (0.15 hp/lb) 2448:General characteristics 735:intentionally flew his 560:Japanese Army Air Force 434:Messerschmitt Bf 109E-7 206:an Italian Macchi C.202 6118:(Messerschmitt Bf 109) 6094:(Messerschmitt Bf 110) 5457:(intermediate trainer) 5365:(Sharp Sword-Improved) 3837:. Macdonald & Co. 3817:Aerei Nella Storia N.8 3459:Retrieved: 4 June 2011 2703:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3 2490:NACA 2R 16 wing root, 2437: 2322:, Ki-61, Ki-84, Ki-100 2172:31 March 1942 in China 2052:, Ki-43, Ki-61, Ki-100 1888:Manchuria, Philippines 1618: 870: 716: 626: 505: 347:behind the pilot. The 341:self-sealing fuel tank 236:Design and development 178: 4598:aircraft designations 4046:Kawasaki Ki-61 (Tony) 3933:Janowicz, Krzysztof. 2435: 2294:Became basis of 23rd 2277:Dokuritsu Dai Shijugo 2019:(five B-29s plus one 1730:from the 244th Sentai 1612: 1287:Ki-61-II Production: 868: 698: 624: 503: 438:Curtiss P-40E Warhawk 404:Kagamigahara Airfield 210:Allied reporting name 202:Messerschmitt Bf 109s 172: 4163:Company designations 4100:30 June 2008 at the 3799:Gallagher, James P. 3583:. Pacific Wrecks Inc 3530:. Pacific Wrecks Inc 3503:. Pacific Wrecks Inc 3454:"Matsuyama airfield" 3410:on 14 December 2005. 3279:14 July 2011 at the 3245:2 April 2010 at the 2713:Supermarine Spitfire 2698:Messerschmitt Bf 109 2668:Curtiss P-40 Warhawk 2279:(Independent Chutai) 2249:Grumman F6F Hellcats 2218:Ki-27, Ki-61, Ki-100 2205:End of war (Formosa) 2096:presumably 1938-1939 1977:End of war at Sana, 1904:Summer 1937 in China 1841:End of war (Formosa) 1780:End of War (Formosa) 1761:10 February 1944 at 1726:10 February 1944 at 1689:10 February 1944 at 1590:Indonesian Air Force 1033:Ki-61-I Production: 925:Type 89 machine guns 917:Prototypes: 12 built 747:(Air division) made 645:, including against 535:campaign. The first 510:Messerschmitt Bf 109 487:During testing, the 95:Indonesian Air Force 6136:(Focke-Wulf Fw 200) 6100:(Focke Wulf Fw 190) 4481:Boeing-Vertol CH-47 4476:Boeing-Vertol V-107 4454:Licensed production 3737:Ethell, Jeffrey L. 3696:. Reading: Osprey. 3661:, pp. 119–120. 3640:on 26 February 2016 3634:Chiran Peace Museum 3630:"Main exhibit room" 3192:"Shooting up Wewak" 2645:Related development 2625:Ho-103 machine guns 1790:11 October 1944 at 1662: 1473: 1291: 1289:Kawasaki Kokuki K.K 1037: 1035:Kawasaki Kokuki K.K 929:Ho-103 machine guns 765:included the 244th 496:Operational history 428:, a defector-flown 424:, a pre-production 389:Type 89 machine gun 336:Ho-103 machine guns 254:Daimler-Benz DB 601 216:", assigned by the 208:, which led to the 52:General information 5317:(Peregrine Falcon) 4002:Sakurai, Takashi. 3995:Sakurai, Takashi. 3759:. London: Putnam. 3457:pacificwrecks.com. 3442:pacificwrecks.com. 3360:Appendix E., p. 16 3107:United States Navy 2856:Saitama Prefecture 2843:battle for Okinawa 2438: 2413:Kakamigahara, Gifu 2391:Polk City, Florida 2369:Surviving aircraft 2241:Teruhiko Kobayashi 2239:recipients. Major 2080:Fukuoka Prefecture 2055:China, Manchuria ( 1974:Philippines, Japan 1879:July 1938 in China 1739:Philippines, Japan 1675:Area of operations 1660: 1619: 1472:Total production: 1471: 1286: 1032: 871: 717: 715:personnel in 1946. 627: 506: 179: 6161:Kawasaki aircraft 6143: 6142: 5508: 5507: 5474:Special Attackers 5465:(Primary trainer) 5266: 5265: 4562: 4561: 4009:Snedden, Robert. 3911:978-1-9023-0489-2 3886:* Gunston, Bill. 3825:Air International 3674:Bílý, Miroslav . 3608:The Asahi Shimbun 3302:Bukosho described 3230:, pp. 27–28. 2580:Time to altitude: 2421:Chiran, Kagoshima 2387:Fantasy of Flight 2376:Ardmore, Auckland 2366: 2365: 1935:23 March 1944 at 1816:End of war (Inba) 1492: 1491: 1453: 1452: 1276: 1275: 852:Shinten Seiku Tai 588:Southwest Pacific 478:Mitsubishi Ha-112 436:, and a captured 412:Nakajima Ki-43-I- 378:and long, narrow- 167: 166: 124:Introduction date 16:(Redirected from 6183: 6088:(Heinkel He 111) 6077:Foreign aircraft 5535: 5528: 5521: 5512: 5500:(Cherry Blossom) 5333:(Flying Swallow) 5293: 5286: 5279: 5270: 4589: 4582: 4575: 4566: 4148: 4141: 4134: 4125: 4049: 4040: 3980:Sakaida, Henry. 3962: 3930: 3885: 3856: 3820: 3796: 3778: 3734: 3721:Fighter Aircraft 3715: 3662: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3626: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3546: 3540: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3466: 3460: 3451: 3445: 3439:"Ki-61 No. 640." 3436: 3430: 3427: 3421: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3398: 3389: 3380: 3377: 3371: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3345: 3342: 3336: 3323: 3317: 3314: 3308: 3299: 3293: 3290: 3284: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3237: 3231: 3225: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3190:Boyer, Allen D. 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3142: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3104: 3093: 3087: 3084: 3078: 3075: 3069: 3068: 3051: 3042: 3039: 3024: 3023:, pp. 6–13. 3018: 2999: 2996: 2990: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2966: 2957: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2934: 2928: 2919: 2913: 2904: 2901: 2895: 2892: 2886: 2883: 2859: 2852: 2846: 2833: 2827: 2822:, both from the 2808: 2802: 2795: 2789: 2782: 2776: 2766: 2688:Lavochkin LaGG-3 2678:Hawker Hurricane 2605: 2568:Service ceiling: 2551: 2450: 2253:Chuichi Ichikawa 2230:Shiga Prefecture 2221:Okinawa, Formosa 2202:Okinawa, Formosa 2161:Susumu Kaijinami 2071:, Okinawa, Japan 2011:Hyōgo Prefecture 1995:Osaka Prefecture 1967:Osaka Prefecture 1866:Manchuria, Japan 1813:, Formosa, Japan 1796:Chiba Prefecture 1672:Aircraft type(s) 1663: 1580: 1578: 1577: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1534: 1532: 1531: 1507: 1505: 1504: 1474: 1292: 1038: 980:Ki-61-I- w.c.e.s 808:First Lieutenant 543:was the 68th in 514:C. Ross Greening 456:. Moreover, the 426:Nakajima Ki-44-I 422:Nakajima Ki-43-I 194:fighter aircraft 61:Fighter aircraft 47: 32: 21: 6191: 6190: 6186: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6181: 6180: 6146: 6145: 6144: 6139: 6130:(Junkers Ju 52) 6112:(Junkers Ju 88) 6106:(Junkers Ju 87) 6078: 6072: 5544: 5539: 5509: 5504: 5469: 5442: 5423: 5404: 5400:(Flying Dragon) 5377: 5373:(Dragon Slayer) 5302: 5297: 5267: 5262: 5116: 4860: 4599: 4593: 4563: 4558: 4500: 4449: 4428: 4387: 4224: 4158: 4152: 4102:Wayback Machine 4072: 4043: 4037: 4024: 3965:Mondey, David. 3948: 3916: 3874: 3859: 3845: 3830: 3814: 3790: 3767: 3752: 3731: 3718: 3704: 3689: 3671: 3666: 3665: 3659:Francillon 1979 3657: 3653: 3643: 3641: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3613: 3611: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3586: 3584: 3574: 3573: 3569: 3559: 3557: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3533: 3531: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3506: 3504: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3468: 3467: 3463: 3452: 3448: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3401:adf-serials.com 3396: 3391: 3390: 3383: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3365: 3357: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3330:JAAF and JNAF." 3324: 3320: 3315: 3311: 3300: 3296: 3291: 3287: 3281:Wayback Machine 3272: 3268: 3260: 3256: 3247:Wayback Machine 3238: 3234: 3226: 3222: 3214: 3210: 3200: 3198: 3196:America in WWII 3189: 3188: 3184: 3176: 3172: 3168:, pp. 7–9. 3164: 3160: 3152: 3145: 3137: 3133: 3127:Francillon 1966 3125: 3121: 3111: 3109: 3102: 3095: 3094: 3090: 3085: 3081: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3053: 3052: 3045: 3040: 3027: 3019: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2988: 2984: 2978:Francillon 1966 2976: 2972: 2967: 2960: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2937: 2929: 2922: 2914: 2907: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2884: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2862: 2853: 2849: 2834: 2830: 2810:The B-29s were 2809: 2805: 2796: 2792: 2783: 2779: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2673:Dewoitine D.520 2656:Kawasaki Ki-100 2642: 2613: 2606: 2601: 2547: 2446: 2430: 2382:once completed. 2371: 2260:Training units 2140:), New Guinea, 2041:Gifu Prefecture 2035:1 July 1938 at 1990:August 1944 at 1979:Nara Prefecture 1961:30 May 1944 at 1891:30 May 1945 at 1695:Gifu Prefecture 1607: 1575: 1573: 1552: 1550: 1529: 1527: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1030: 891: 796:", and the 3rd 693: 498: 466:Kawasaki Ha-140 280:air superiority 244:and his deputy 238: 183:Kawasaki Ki-61 173:Kawasaki Ki-61 162:Kawasaki Ki-100 106: 105: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6189: 6187: 6179: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6148: 6147: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6137: 6131: 6125: 6119: 6113: 6107: 6101: 6095: 6089: 6082: 6080: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5734: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5552: 5550: 5546: 5545: 5540: 5538: 5537: 5530: 5523: 5515: 5506: 5505: 5503: 5502: 5494: 5486: 5477: 5475: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5467: 5459: 5450: 5448: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5440: 5431: 5429: 5428:Reconnaissance 5425: 5424: 5422: 5421: 5412: 5410: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5402: 5394: 5392:(Storm Dragon) 5385: 5383: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5375: 5367: 5359: 5351: 5343: 5335: 5327: 5319: 5310: 5308: 5304: 5303: 5298: 5296: 5295: 5288: 5281: 5273: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5124: 5122: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4600: 4594: 4592: 4591: 4584: 4577: 4569: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4510: 4508: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4457: 4455: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4447: 4442: 4436: 4434: 4433:Joint ventures 4430: 4429: 4427: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4395: 4393: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4249: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4166: 4164: 4160: 4159: 4153: 4151: 4150: 4143: 4136: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4115: 4109: 4104: 4092: 4083: 4078: 4071: 4070:External links 4068: 4067: 4066: 4059: 4050: 4041: 4035: 4022: 4007: 4000: 3993: 3978: 3963: 3946: 3931: 3919:Air Enthusiast 3914: 3899: 3872: 3857: 3843: 3828: 3821: 3812: 3797: 3788: 3765: 3750: 3735: 3729: 3716: 3702: 3687: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3651: 3621: 3594: 3581:Pacific Wrecks 3567: 3555:j-aircraft.com 3541: 3528:Pacific Wrecks 3514: 3501:Pacific Wrecks 3487: 3475:Pacific Wrecks 3461: 3446: 3431: 3422: 3413: 3381: 3372: 3363: 3346: 3337: 3333:tokkotai.or.jp 3318: 3309: 3294: 3285: 3266: 3254: 3232: 3220: 3208: 3182: 3170: 3158: 3143: 3131: 3129:, p. 316. 3119: 3088: 3079: 3070: 3065:978-0648665915 3064: 3043: 3025: 3021:Gibertini 1998 3000: 2991: 2982: 2980:, p. 319. 2970: 2958: 2949: 2935: 2920: 2905: 2896: 2887: 2870: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2847: 2828: 2803: 2799:Nakajima Ki-84 2790: 2786:Nakajima Ki-44 2777: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2726: 2725: 2723:Yakovlev Yak-1 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2683:Heinkel He 100 2680: 2675: 2670: 2659: 2658: 2653: 2651:Kawasaki Ki-60 2641: 2638: 2637: 2636: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2621: 2599: 2598: 2589: 2583: 2577: 2574:Rate of climb: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2556:Maximum speed: 2545: 2544: 2538: 2528: 2522: 2520: 2514: 2512: 2510:Fuel capacity: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2458: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2424: 2405: 2400:collection in 2394: 2383: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2353:, Ki-61, Ki-84 2349:Ki-43, Ki-44, 2347: 2344: 2333: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2316: 2313:Mie Prefecture 2306: 2302: 2301: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2280: 2272: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2257: 2256: 2233: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2190: 2186: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2166: 2165: 2155:Shogo Takeuchi 2147: 2144: 2131: 2128: 2123:March 1942 at 2121: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2082: 2074:End of War at 2072: 2053: 2043: 2033: 2029: 2028: 2013: 2005:End of war at 2003: 2000: 1997: 1988: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1933: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1919: 1916: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1897: 1895: 1889: 1886: 1885:, Ki-43, Ki-61 1880: 1877: 1873: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1855: 1849: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1834: 1827: 1824: 1820: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1808: 1798: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1769: 1766: 1765:Fighter School 1759: 1755: 1754: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1731: 1724: 1720: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1703: 1697: 1687: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1615:Kawasaki Ki-45 1606: 1603: 1602: 1601: 1585: 1584: 1570: 1569: 1562: 1561: 1547: 1546: 1539: 1538: 1519: 1518: 1512: 1511: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1486: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1469: 1468: 1463:Not included: 1461: 1460: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1296: 1284: 1283: 1278:Not included: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1209: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1165: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1098: 1096: 1094: 1092: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1043: 1042: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1024: 1015: 1009: 1003: 993: 987: 984:Heinkel He 100 977: 967: 957: 939: 932: 918: 911: 910: 890: 887: 841:Medal of Honor 837:Victoria Cross 737:Kawasaki Ki-45 692: 689: 631:Southeast Asia 523:The new Ki-61 518:Doolittle Raid 497: 494: 450:radial engines 274:, with a high 237: 234: 230:Doolittle Raid 222:Kawasaki Ki-60 196:. Used by the 177:with drop tank 165: 164: 159: 158:Developed into 155: 154: 152:Kawasaki Ki-60 149: 148:Developed from 145: 144: 141: 137: 136: 133: 129: 128: 125: 121: 120: 116: 115: 112: 108: 107: 104: 103: 98: 92: 86: 85: 80: 76: 75: 70: 64: 63: 58: 54: 53: 49: 48: 40: 39: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6188: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6135: 6132: 6129: 6126: 6124:(Vultee V-11) 6123: 6120: 6117: 6114: 6111: 6108: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6096: 6093: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6075: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5536: 5531: 5529: 5524: 5522: 5517: 5516: 5513: 5501: 5499: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5472: 5466: 5464: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5445: 5439: 5437: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5418: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5407: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5380: 5374: 5372: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5360: 5358: 5357:(Sharp Sword) 5356: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5344: 5342: 5341:(Fire Dragon) 5340: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5294: 5289: 5287: 5282: 5280: 5275: 5274: 5271: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5119: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4863: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4597: 4590: 4585: 4583: 4578: 4576: 4571: 4570: 4567: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4503: 4497: 4496:Lockheed P-3C 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4486:Lockheed T-33 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4452: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4431: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4227: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4161: 4156: 4149: 4144: 4142: 4137: 4135: 4130: 4129: 4126: 4119: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4090:JAAF and JNAF 4089: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4069: 4064: 4060: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4042: 4038: 4036:1-84176-161-3 4032: 4028: 4023: 4020: 4019:0-7525-1684-1 4016: 4012: 4008: 4005: 4001: 3998: 3994: 3991: 3990:1-85532-529-2 3987: 3983: 3979: 3976: 3975:0-7537-1460-4 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3947: 3944: 3943:83-89088-01-0 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3921:(81): 28–35. 3920: 3915: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3897: 3896:1-55750-939-5 3893: 3889: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3873:0-356-08224-5 3869: 3865: 3864: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3844:0-356-01447-9 3840: 3836: 3835: 3829: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3813: 3810: 3809:0-8117-3161-8 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3789: 3786: 3785:0-85177-801-1 3782: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3766:0-370-30251-6 3762: 3758: 3757: 3751: 3748: 3747:0-00-470849-0 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3730:0-7548-0990-0 3726: 3722: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3703:0-85045-026-8 3699: 3695: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3684:80-901328-0-4 3681: 3677: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3660: 3655: 3652: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3625: 3622: 3609: 3605: 3598: 3595: 3582: 3578: 3571: 3568: 3556: 3552: 3545: 3542: 3529: 3525: 3518: 3515: 3502: 3498: 3491: 3488: 3476: 3472: 3465: 3462: 3458: 3455: 3450: 3447: 3443: 3440: 3435: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3417: 3414: 3406: 3402: 3395: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3376: 3373: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3347: 3341: 3338: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3322: 3319: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3303: 3298: 3295: 3289: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3275: 3270: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3255: 3251: 3248: 3244: 3241: 3236: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3221: 3218:, p. 29. 3217: 3212: 3209: 3197: 3193: 3186: 3183: 3180:, p. 13. 3179: 3178:Tanimura 1967 3174: 3171: 3167: 3166:Bueschel 1971 3162: 3159: 3156:, p. 25. 3155: 3150: 3148: 3144: 3141:, p. 94. 3140: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3123: 3120: 3108: 3101: 3100: 3092: 3089: 3083: 3080: 3074: 3071: 3067: 3061: 3057: 3050: 3048: 3044: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3001: 2995: 2992: 2986: 2983: 2979: 2974: 2971: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2953: 2950: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2931:Bueschel 1971 2927: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2916:Bueschel 1971 2912: 2910: 2906: 2900: 2897: 2891: 2888: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2865: 2857: 2851: 2848: 2844: 2841:pilot in the 2840: 2839: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2794: 2791: 2787: 2781: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2765: 2762: 2755: 2750: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2731: 2730: 2729:Related lists 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2663: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2639: 2634: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2608: 2607: 2604: 2596: 2594: 2590: 2587: 2586:Wing loading: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2552: 2550: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2535:Kawasaki Ha40 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2504:Gross weight: 2502: 2499: 2498:Empty weight: 2496: 2493: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2452: 2451: 2449: 2444: 2442: 2434: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2341: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2274: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192:August 1944, 2191: 2188: 2187: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1957: 1956: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851:June 1939 in 1850: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1760: 1757: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1616: 1611: 1604: 1600:of 1945–1949. 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1537: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1517: 1514: 1513: 1510: 1499: 1498: 1494: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1458: 1457: 1456: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1290: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1237: 1235: 1233: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1225: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1099: 1097: 1095: 1093: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1039: 1036: 1027: 1023: 1022:Ki-100-I-Otsu 1019: 1016: 1013: 1012:Ki-61-II-KAIb 1010: 1007: 1006:Ki-61-II-KAIa 1004: 1001: 997: 994: 991: 988: 985: 981: 978: 975: 971: 968: 965: 961: 958: 955: 951: 947: 943: 940: 936: 933: 930: 926: 922: 919: 916: 913: 912: 908: 907: 906: 904: 900: 896: 895:Ko, Otsu, Hei 888: 886: 883: 881: 877: 867: 863: 861: 857: 853: 849: 846: 842: 838: 834: 833: 828: 824: 820: 819:Long Distance 816: 814: 809: 805: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 773: 768: 764: 759: 757: 756: 750: 746: 741: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 714: 710: 706: 702: 697: 690: 688: 686: 682: 681: 676: 675: 670: 666: 665: 659: 655: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 623: 619: 617: 613: 609: 605: 599: 597: 593: 592:Curtiss P-40s 589: 585: 584:George Kenney 580: 575: 573: 570:, in eastern 569: 565: 561: 556: 554: 551:stationed at 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 521: 519: 515: 511: 502: 495: 493: 490: 485: 483: 479: 475: 474:Akashi, Hyōgo 469: 467: 461: 459: 455: 451: 447: 441: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 418: 416: 415: 409: 405: 401: 397: 392: 390: 385: 384:undercarriage 381: 377: 373: 369: 364: 362: 358: 357:trailing edge 354: 350: 346: 342: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 318: 313: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 292: 288: 283: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 260: 255: 251: 247: 243: 235: 233: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 188:(飛燕, "flying 187: 186: 176: 171: 163: 160: 156: 153: 150: 146: 142: 138: 135:December 1941 134: 130: 126: 122: 117: 113: 109: 102: 99: 96: 93: 91: 88: 87: 84: 81: 79:Primary users 77: 74: 71: 69: 65: 62: 59: 55: 50: 46: 41: 38: 33: 30: 19: 6042: 5497: 5489: 5481: 5462: 5454: 5438:(Wild Goose) 5435: 5419:(True Crane) 5416: 5397: 5389: 5370: 5362: 5354: 5346: 5338: 5330: 5329: 5322: 5314: 4921: 4553: 4491:Lockheed P-2 4307: 4087: 4062: 4054: 4045: 4026: 4010: 4003: 3996: 3981: 3966: 3950: 3934: 3918: 3902: 3887: 3862: 3833: 3824: 3816: 3800: 3792: 3755: 3738: 3720: 3692: 3675: 3669:Bibliography 3654: 3642:. Retrieved 3638:the original 3633: 3624: 3612:. Retrieved 3607: 3597: 3585:. Retrieved 3580: 3570: 3558:. Retrieved 3554: 3544: 3532:. Retrieved 3527: 3517: 3505:. Retrieved 3500: 3490: 3478:. Retrieved 3474: 3464: 3456: 3449: 3441: 3434: 3425: 3416: 3405:the original 3400: 3375: 3366: 3340: 3332: 3327: 3321: 3312: 3304: 3297: 3288: 3269: 3264:, p. ?. 3257: 3249: 3235: 3223: 3211: 3199:. Retrieved 3195: 3185: 3173: 3161: 3134: 3122: 3110:. Retrieved 3098: 3091: 3082: 3073: 3055: 2994: 2985: 2973: 2952: 2933:, p. 6. 2918:, p. 7. 2899: 2890: 2850: 2836: 2831: 2820:Calamity Sue 2819: 2815: 2806: 2793: 2780: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2728: 2727: 2693:Macchi C.202 2661: 2660: 2644: 2643: 2632: 2610: 2602: 2600: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2548: 2546: 2540: 2530: 2524: 2516: 2509: 2503: 2497: 2484: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2454: 2447: 2445: 2440: 2439: 2337: 2295: 2276: 2245:Nagao Shirai 2236: 2224:End of war ( 2181:25 July 1944 2175:Ki-27, Ki-61 2158: 2150: 2146:25 July 1944 2130:Ki-27, Ki-61 2105:End of war, 2085: 2037:Kagamigahara 2024: 2021:P-51 Mustang 1945:Ki-61, Ki-45 1921:End of war, 1750: 1747:Mitsuo Oyake 1691:Kagamigahara 1654: 1650: 1647:Hagakure-Tai 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1620: 1521: 1520: 1462: 1454: 1277: 1017: 1011: 1005: 999: 996:Ki-61-II-KAI 995: 989: 979: 976:wing cannon. 970:Ki-61-I-KAId 969: 959: 949: 945: 941: 935:Ki-61-I-Otsu 934: 920: 914: 902: 898: 894: 892: 884: 879: 875: 872: 859: 855: 851: 830: 826: 818: 811: 806: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 770: 766: 762: 760: 753: 744: 742: 732: 718: 704: 700: 684: 678: 672: 668: 663: 660: 656: 650: 628: 600: 590:, found his 578: 576: 557: 548: 540: 536: 528: 524: 522: 507: 488: 486: 470: 462: 446:Macchi C.202 442: 419: 413: 407: 399: 393: 372:Warren truss 368:aspect ratio 365: 332:synchronized 328:supercharger 314: 284: 276:wing loading 257: 249: 239: 213: 184: 182: 180: 174: 132:First flight 111:Number built 68:Manufacturer 36: 29: 3305:xavierb.net 3139:Crosby 2002 3099:Project Ted 2618:Ho-5 cannon 2549:Performance 2541:Propellers: 2531:Powerplant: 2138:New Britain 2127:, Manchuria 2065:East Indies 2027:recipient. 1706:Philippines 1669:Established 1623:Hiko Sentai 1605:Ki-61 units 964:Ho-5 cannon 960:Ki-61-I-Tei 942:Ki-61-I-Hei 767:Hiko Sentai 763:Hiko Shidan 745:Hiko Shidan 711:airbase by 699:An ex-23rd 516:during the 345:armor plate 272:interceptor 266:plant. The 6150:Categories 5498:Sakura-dan 5409:Transports 5363:Shusui–kai 4471:Hughes 369 4466:Hughes 500 2816:Gertrude C 2769:Koku Hombu 2751:References 2593:Power/mass 2492:NACA 24009 2479:Wing area: 2359:End of war 2328:End of war 2069:New Guinea 2017:Tadao Sumi 1937:Tokorozawa 1742:End of War 1715:End of war 1028:Production 921:Ki-61-I-Ko 909:Ki-61-Hien 882:) pilots. 800:known as " 533:New Guinea 408:Koku Hombu 394:The first 296:and three- 289:with semi- 250:Koku Hombu 246:Shin Owada 204:and later 5948:Sally III 4445:BK 117-C2 3959:0867-7867 3935:68 Sentai 3927:0143-5450 3882:820486093 3853:655407936 2866:Citations 2627:, 250 rpg 2620:, 120 rpg 2467:Wingspan: 2441:Data from 2196:, Formosa 2142:Halmahera 2061:Indochina 1893:Singapore 1869:July 1945 1860:, Ki-61, 1853:Manchuria 1826:Late 1944 1772:Indonesia 1678:Disbanded 1588:In 1945, 1582:Indonesia 1495:Operators 1018:Ki-61-III 954:MG 151/20 723:American 680:Chutaicho 616:Hollandia 572:Indonesia 568:Halmahera 396:prototype 306:elevators 294:fuselages 291:monocoque 242:Takeo Doi 5447:Trainers 5436:Karigane 5417:Manazuru 5315:Hayabusa 5307:Fighters 4157:aircraft 4155:Kawasaki 4098:Archived 4088:Tokkotai 3644:25 April 3614:25 April 3587:25 April 3560:25 April 3534:25 April 3507:25 April 3480:25 April 3328:Tokkotai 3277:Archived 3250:att.net. 3243:Archived 3112:23 March 2838:Tokkotai 2824:468th BG 2771:was the 2640:See also 2603:Armament 2525:External 2517:Internal 2226:Yokaichi 2194:Taichung 2107:Metabaru 2057:Nomonhan 1811:Iwo Jima 1522:Post War 990:Ki-61-II 956:cannons. 889:Variants 880:kamikaze 876:Tokkotai 848:Hirohito 823:498th BG 813:Hagakure 802:Mikazuki 786:Soyokaze 772:Hagakure 755:kamikaze 669:kamikaze 664:Tokkotai 349:radiator 302:ailerons 226:V engine 6068:Zeke 32 6013:Theresa 5793:Kate 61 5739:(Ki-55) 5733:(Ki-36) 5726:Hickory 5666:Frances 5621:Cypress 5596:Buzzard 5492:(Sabre) 5490:Tsurugi 5382:Bombers 5349:(Demon) 4461:Bell 47 4246:Type 92 4241:Type 88 4236:Type 87 4065:, 2000. 3775:6124909 3358:USSBS, 3201:1 April 2812:Colonel 2486:Airfoil 2473:Height: 2461:Length: 2356:Formosa 2340:Hikōtai 2338:Kyoiku 2237:Bukosho 2086:Bukosho 2025:Bukosho 1941:Saitama 1915:, Ki-61 1907:Ki-10, 1837:Formosa 1833:, Ki-61 1829:Ki-51, 1807:, Ki-61 1776:Okinawa 1751:Bukosho 1733:Ki-61, 1712:, Japan 1710:Formosa 1699:Ki-61, 1336:Annual 1082:Annual 860:Bukosho 856:Bukosho 845:Emperor 832:Bukosho 827:Matsuya 821:of the 788:", 2nd 749:ramming 635:Okinawa 398:of the 361:fairing 324:cowling 317:cockpit 310:rudders 190:swallow 140:Retired 119:History 6128:Trixie 6122:Millie 6110:Janice 6058:Willow 6028:Tillie 6008:Thelma 6003:Thalia 5978:Stella 5973:Spruce 5823:Louise 5743:Irving 5681:George 5676:Gander 5616:Claude 5606:Cherry 5463:Shoren 5455:Churen 5390:Donryu 5355:Shusui 5325:(Gale) 5323:Hayate 5258:Ki-337 5253:Ki-230 5248:Ki-202 5243:Ki-201 5238:Ki-200 5233:Ki-174 5228:Ki-167 5223:Ki-148 5218:Ki-147 5213:Ki-119 5208:Ki-118 5203:Ki-117 5198:Ki-116 5193:Ki-115 5188:Ki-114 5183:Ki-113 5178:Ki-112 5173:Ki-111 5168:Ki-110 5163:Ki-109 5158:Ki-108 5153:Ki-107 5148:Ki-106 5143:Ki-105 5138:Ki-103 5133:Ki-102 5128:Ki-101 5112:Ki-100 4865:51-100 4549:Thalia 4440:BK 117 4383:Ki-174 4378:Ki-148 4373:Ki-119 4368:Ki-108 4363:Ki-102 4358:Ki-100 4033: 4017: 3988: 3973: 3957: 3941: 3925: 3909: 3894: 3880: 3870: 3851: 3841: 3807: 3783: 3773: 3763: 3745: 3727: 3712:678232 3710: 3700: 3682: 3062: 2633:Bombs: 2562:Range: 2315:, 1935 2296:Sentai 2285:, 1941 2134:Rabaul 2125:Harbin 2076:Ashiya 1992:Taishō 1963:Taishō 1862:Ki-102 1735:Ki-100 1701:Ki-100 1681:Notes 1666:Sentai 1655:sentai 1651:Sentai 1643:sentai 1639:Chutai 1635:Sentai 1631:Chutai 1627:Sentai 1592:–then 1579: 1556: 1533: 1506: 1455:Note: 1422:Total 1272:2,654 1245:Total 1207:1,891 974:Ho-155 944:: The 893:Note: 798:Chutai 790:Chutai 782:Chutai 778:Chutai 733:Sentai 729:Yawata 705:Chutai 703:, 2nd 701:Sentai 685:Sentai 674:Sentai 553:Rabaul 549:Sentai 537:Sentai 529:Chutai 482:Ki-100 458:inline 320:canopy 287:alloys 264:Akashi 97:(IPSF) 35:Ki-61 6134:Trudy 6104:Irene 6048:Topsy 6018:Thora 5993:Tabby 5988:Susie 5983:Steve 5968:Sonia 5958:Sandy 5943:Sally 5903:Perry 5898:Peggy 5888:Patsy 5878:Oscar 5843:Mavis 5833:Mabel 5818:Loise 5813:Lorna 5798:Laura 5768:Jerry 5721:Helen 5696:Grace 5691:Goose 5671:Frank 5651:Emily 5636:Dinah 5611:Clara 5601:Cedar 5586:Betty 5581:Belle 5556:Abdul 5482:Baika 5398:Hiryu 5371:Toryu 5347:Shoki 5339:Karyu 5107:Ki-99 5102:Ki-98 5097:Ki-97 5092:Ki-96 5087:Ki-95 5082:Ki-94 5077:Ki-93 5072:Ki-92 5067:Ki-91 5062:Ki-90 5057:Ki-89 5052:Ki-88 5047:Ki-87 5042:Ki-86 5037:Ki-85 5032:Ki-84 5027:Ki-83 5022:Ki-82 5017:Ki-81 5012:Ki-80 5007:Ki-79 5002:Ki-78 4997:Ki-77 4992:Ki-76 4987:Ki-75 4982:Ki-74 4977:Ki-73 4972:Ki-72 4967:Ki-71 4962:Ki-70 4957:Ki-69 4952:Ki-68 4947:Ki-67 4942:Ki-66 4937:Ki-64 4932:Ki-63 4927:Ki-62 4922:Ki-61 4917:Ki-60 4912:Ki-59 4907:Ki-58 4902:Ki-57 4897:Ki-56 4892:Ki-55 4887:Ki-54 4882:Ki-53 4877:Ki-52 4872:Ki-51 4856:Ki-50 4851:Ki-49 4846:Ki-48 4841:Ki-47 4836:Ki-46 4831:Ki-45 4826:Ki-44 4821:Ki-43 4816:Ki-42 4811:Ki-41 4806:Ki-40 4801:Ki-39 4796:Ki-38 4791:Ki-37 4786:Ki-36 4781:Ki-35 4776:Ki-34 4771:Ki-33 4766:Ki-32 4761:Ki-31 4756:Ki-30 4751:Ki-29 4746:Ki-28 4741:Ki-27 4736:Ki-26 4731:Ki-25 4726:Ki-24 4721:Ki-23 4716:Ki-22 4711:Ki-21 4706:Ki-20 4701:Ki-19 4696:Ki-18 4691:Ki-17 4686:Ki-16 4681:Ki-15 4676:Ki-14 4671:Ki-13 4666:Ki-12 4661:Ki-11 4656:Ki-10 4539:Randy 4534:Perry 4353:Ki-96 4348:Ki-91 4343:Ki-89 4338:Ki-88 4333:Ki-85 4328:Ki-81 4323:Ki-78 4318:Ki-66 4313:Ki-64 4308:Ki-61 4303:Ki-60 4298:Ki-56 4293:Ki-48 4288:Ki-45 4283:Ki-38 4278:Ki-32 4273:Ki-28 4268:Ki-22 4263:Ki-10 4210:KDC-5 4205:KDC-2 4200:KDA-5 4195:KDA-3 4190:KDA-2 4185:KAQ-1 4180:KAT-1 4175:KAL-2 4170:KAL-1 3408:(PDF) 3397:(PDF) 3103:(PDF) 2756:Notes 2611:Guns: 2455:Crew: 2351:Ki-45 2336:37th 2325:Japan 2320:Ki-45 2309:Akeno 2291:Japan 2288:Ki-61 2283:Chōfu 2275:23rd 2235:Nine 2212:244th 2199:Ki-61 2189:105th 2159:Sgt. 2050:Ki-27 2046:Ki-10 2007:Itami 2002:Japan 1999:Ki-61 1971:Ki-61 1923:Medan 1913:Ki-43 1909:Ki-27 1883:Ki-10 1858:Ki-46 1831:Ki-43 1805:Ki-44 1801:Ki-43 1768:Ki-61 1763:Akeno 1728:Chōfu 1559:China 1536:China 1509:Japan 1385:1945 1341:1944 1324:Sept. 1295:Year 1212:1945 1168:1944 1124:1943 1087:1942 1070:Sept. 1041:Year 938:guns. 915:Ki-61 794:Toppu 713:USAAF 639:China 579:Hien. 545:Wewak 380:chord 376:flaps 268:Ki-60 259:Ha-40 114:3,078 18:Ki-61 6116:Mike 6098:Fred 6086:Bess 6063:Zeke 6043:Tony 6038:Tojo 6033:Toby 6023:Tina 5998:Tess 5963:Slim 5938:Ruth 5933:Rufe 5923:Rita 5913:Pine 5908:Pete 5893:Paul 5868:Norm 5863:Nick 5858:Nell 5853:Nate 5848:Myrt 5838:Mary 5828:Luke 5803:Lily 5788:Kate 5783:Judy 5773:Jill 5763:Jean 5758:Jane 5753:Jake 5748:Jack 5711:Hank 5706:Hamp 5701:Gwen 5686:Glen 5646:Edna 5631:Dick 5626:Dave 5576:Baka 5571:Babs 5331:Hien 5121:100- 4651:Ki-9 4646:Ki-8 4641:Ki-7 4636:Ki-6 4631:Ki-5 4626:Ki-4 4621:Ki-3 4616:Ki-2 4611:Ki-1 4604:1-50 4554:Tony 4529:Nick 4524:Mary 4519:Lily 4419:P-2J 4409:OH-1 4258:Ki-5 4253:Ki-3 4215:KH-4 4031:ISBN 4015:ISBN 3986:ISBN 3971:ISBN 3955:ISSN 3939:ISBN 3923:ISSN 3907:ISBN 3892:ISBN 3878:OCLC 3868:ISBN 3849:OCLC 3839:ISBN 3805:ISBN 3781:ISBN 3771:OCLC 3761:ISBN 3743:ISBN 3725:ISBN 3708:OCLC 3698:ISBN 3680:ISBN 3646:2017 3616:2017 3589:2017 3562:2017 3536:2017 3509:2017 3482:2022 3203:2021 3114:2010 3060:ISBN 2784:The 2533:1 × 2169:78th 2151:Otsu 2120:68th 2111:Saga 2093:65th 2032:59th 1987:56th 1958:55th 1932:53rd 1901:33rd 1876:31st 1848:28th 1823:26th 1792:Inba 1787:23rd 1758:19th 1749:won 1723:18th 1686:17th 1621:The 1449:404 1417:165 1380:239 1333:Dec. 1330:Nov. 1327:Oct. 1321:Aug. 1318:July 1315:June 1309:Apr. 1306:Mar. 1303:Feb. 1300:Jan. 1163:710 1079:Dec. 1076:Nov. 1073:Oct. 1067:Aug. 1064:July 1061:June 1055:Apr. 1052:Mar. 1049:Feb. 1046:Jan. 950:Otsu 897:and 815:-Tai 774:-Tai 709:Inba 651:Hien 610:and 564:Truk 541:Hien 525:Hien 489:Hien 432:, a 351:and 308:and 298:spar 214:Tony 212:of " 185:Hien 181:The 175:Hien 143:1945 127:1942 57:Type 37:Hien 6092:Doc 6053:Val 5953:Sam 5928:Rob 5918:Rex 5883:Pat 5873:Oak 5808:Liz 5778:Jim 5737:Ida 5731:Ida 5716:Hap 5661:Eve 5656:Eva 5641:Dot 5591:Bob 5566:Ann 5561:Alf 4544:Rob 4514:Bob 4424:T-4 4414:P-1 4404:C-2 4399:C-1 4220:YPX 2494:tip 2419:in 2411:in 2389:in 2059:), 1745:Lt 1312:May 1240:19 1201:101 1198:174 1195:164 1192:198 1189:254 1186:236 1183:118 1180:142 1177:145 1174:156 1171:150 1160:130 1157:104 1119:34 1058:May 1000:Tei 946:Hei 903:Kai 899:Tei 839:or 804:". 721:ram 414:Hei 353:oil 6152:: 3876:. 3847:. 3787:.) 3769:. 3706:. 3632:. 3606:. 3579:. 3553:. 3526:. 3499:. 3473:. 3399:. 3384:^ 3349:^ 3194:. 3146:^ 3046:^ 3028:^ 3003:^ 2961:^ 2938:^ 2923:^ 2908:^ 2874:^ 2311:, 2228:, 2109:, 2078:, 2067:, 2063:, 2048:, 2039:, 2009:, 1965:, 1939:, 1911:, 1803:, 1794:, 1708:, 1693:, 1397:19 1394:15 1391:56 1388:68 1377:70 1374:71 1371:41 1368:26 1350:26 1215:19 1204:53 1154:87 1151:70 1148:60 1145:53 1142:40 1139:44 1136:37 1133:31 1130:32 1127:22 1116:15 1113:10 637:, 633:, 618:. 574:. 304:, 5534:e 5527:t 5520:v 5292:e 5285:t 5278:v 4588:e 4581:t 4574:v 4147:e 4140:t 4133:v 4039:. 4021:. 3992:. 3977:. 3961:. 3945:. 3929:. 3913:. 3898:. 3884:. 3855:. 3811:. 3777:. 3749:. 3733:. 3714:. 3686:. 3648:. 3618:. 3591:. 3564:. 3538:. 3511:. 3484:. 3205:. 2845:. 2826:. 2801:. 2775:. 2595:: 2488:: 2457:1 2404:. 2393:. 2232:) 2136:( 1400:7 1365:1 1362:0 1359:0 1356:0 1353:0 1347:3 1344:1 1110:5 1107:3 1104:1 878:( 792:" 784:" 752:" 667:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index