Gustav III - Knowledge (XXG)

1032:...has given birth to hatred, hatred to revenge, revenge to persecution, persecution to new revolutions which finally have passed into a period of disease, which has wounded and degraded the whole nation. Ambition and lust for glory on the part of a few people have damaged the realm, and blood has been shed by both parties, and the result of this has been the suffering of the people. The establishment of their own power base has been the sole goal of those ruling, often at the cost of other citizens, and always at the cost of the nation. In times when the law was clear, the law was distorted, and when that was not possible, it was broken. Nothing has been sacred to a populace bent on hatred and revenge, and lunacy has finally reached so far, that it has been assumed that members of parliament are above the law, their not having any other guidance than their own consciences. By this Freedom, the most noble of human rights have been transformed by an unbearable aristocratic despotism in the hands of the ruling party, which in itself has been subdued by few... 1246: 803: 1065: 5777: 703: 1126: 1412: 931: 819: 1280:. Only eight months before, Catherine had declared that "the odious and revolting aggression" of the king of Sweden would be "forgiven" only if he "testified his repentance" by agreeing to a peace granting a general and unlimited amnesty to all his rebels and consenting to a guarantee by the Swedish Riksdag for the observance of peace in the future ("as it would be imprudent to confide in his good faith alone"). The Treaty of Värälä spared Sweden from any such humiliating concession, and in October 1791, Gustav concluded an eight years' defensive alliance with the empress, who thereby bound herself to pay her new ally an annual subsidy of 300,000 rubles. 694:, who described the assistance provided by Munck, asserted that there is no factual basis for the assumption that Gustav III was homosexual. When his second son was born, there was no doubt as to his legitimacy, and the boy was strong and healthy. King Gustav was especially fond of him and suffered obvious and severe mental and physical reactions to the baby's illness and death. The spring of 1783 has been considered a turning point in the king's personality. After his controversial mother's death in 1782, he found consolation in the birth of the Duke of Småland, but this was followed by severe grief when the child died the following year. 1701: 264: 1644: 1180: 1009: 811: 759:, where he carried both the court and the city by storm. The poets and the philosophers paid him enthusiastic homage, and distinguished women testified to his superlative merits. With many of them he maintained a lifelong correspondence. His visit to the French capital was, however, no mere pleasure trip; it was also a political mission. Confidential agents from the Swedish court had already prepared the way for him, and the 625: 748:, which mainly represented the interests of the aristocracy and military establishment, refused to redeem the pledges that they had given before the previous elections. "That we should have lost the constitutional battle does not distress us so much", wrote Gustav, in the bitterness of his heart; "but what does dismay me is to see my poor nation so sunk in corruption as to place its own felicity in absolute 831:

was the first time in more than a century that a Swedish king had addressed a Swedish Riksdag in its native tongue. He stressed the need for all parties to sacrifice their animosities for the common good, and volunteered, as "the first citizen of a free people," to be the mediator between the contending factions. A composition committee was actually formed, but it proved illusory from the first: the

3955: 1306: 66: 916:, the eldest of the king's brothers, would thereupon be forced to mobilize the garrisons of all the southern fortresses hastily, ostensibly to crush the revolt at Kristianstad, but on arriving in front of the fortress, he was to make common cause with the rebels and march upon the capital from the south while Sprengtporten attacked it simultaneously from the east. 652:, Copenhagen, on 1 October 1766 and in person in Stockholm on 4 November 1766. Gustav was first impressed by Sophia Magdalena's beauty, but her silent nature made her a disappointment in court life. The match was not a happy one, owing partly to an incompatibility of temperament, but still more to the interference of Gustav's jealous mother, Queen Louisa Ulrika. 860: 667:, reportedly because of anatomical problems of both spouses. There were also rumors that the queen was made pregnant by Munck, who would then be the true father of the heir Prince Gustav Adolf. Gustav's mother supported rumors that he was not the father of his first son and heir. It was rumored at the time that Gustav was 763:, the retired Chief Minister, resolved to discuss with him the best method of bringing about a revolution in France's ally, Sweden. Before he departed, the French government undertook to pay the outstanding subsidies to Sweden unconditionally, at the rate of one and a half million livres annually. Count 1576:

To dare any possible assassins, the King went out into an open box facing the opera stage. And after roughly ten minutes he said "this would have been an opportunity to shoot. Come, let us go down. The ball seems to be merry and bright." The King with Baron Hans Henrik von Essen by his right arm went

3429: 1564:

Pray, allow an unknown whose pen is guided by tactfulness and the voice of conscience, dare take the liberty to inform You, with all possible sincerity, that certain individuals exist, both in the Provinces and here in the City, that only breathe hatred and revenge against You; indeed to the extreme

1151:

Short as the session was, it was long enough for the deputies to realize that their political supremacy was over. They had changed places with the king. He was now indeed their sovereign lord. For all his gentleness, he guarded the royal prerogative fiercely and plainly showed that he would continue

1584:

Anckarström stood with Ribbing next to him at the entrance to the corridor holding a knife in his left hand and carrying one pistol in his left inner pocket and another pistol in his right back pocket. They edged themselves behind the King, Anckarström took out the pistol from his left inner pocket

1228:

Returning to Sweden, Gustav aroused popular indignation against the mutinous aristocratic officers. Ultimately, he quelled their rebellion and arrested its leaders. Capitalizing on the powerful anti-aristocratic passions thus aroused, Gustav summoned a Riksdag early in 1789, at which he put through

1168:

It is such an interesting drama to see a nation create itself, that I – if I now had not been who I am – would go to America to follow up close every phase in the emergence of this new republic. – This perhaps is America's century. The new republic, which hardly has a population put together better

830:

held more power than the monarchy, but the Riksdag was bitterly divided between rival parties, the Hats and Caps. On his return to Sweden, Gustav III tried unsuccessfully to mediate between the two groups. On 21 June 1771, he opened his first Riksdag with a speech that aroused powerful emotions. It

1580:

The King, von Essen and Pollet continued through a corridor leading from the foyer towards the opera stage where the dancing took place. On the stage several masked men – some witnesses talked of 20 or 30 men – made it impossible for the king to proceed. Due to the crowd, Pollet receded behind the

1871:

It is widely agreed that the contribution and dedication of Gustav III to the performing arts in Sweden, notably the building of the theatre houses and the founding of a national theatre company, has been crucial to the Swedish culture. The era of opera during his time is referred to today as the

1570:

They are greatly upset to see this not happening at the last masquerade but they rejoice at the tidings of seeing that there will be a new one today. Bandits do not like lanterns; there is nothing more serviceable for an assassination than darkness and disguise. I dare, then, to appeal to You, by

1019:

On the evening of 20 August, heralds roamed the streets proclaiming that the estates were to meet at the palace on the following day; every deputy absenting himself would be regarded as the enemy of his country and his king. On 21 August, the king appeared in full regalia. Taking his seat on the

949:

He acted promptly. On the evening of 18 August, all the officers whom he thought he could trust received secret instructions to assemble in the great square facing the arsenal on the following morning. At ten o'clock on 19 August, Gustav mounted his horse and rode to the arsenal. On the way, his

609:

State interference with his education as a young child caused significant political disruptions within the royal family. Gustav's parents taught him to despise the governors imposed upon him by the Riksdag, and the atmosphere of intrigue and duplicity in which he grew up made him precociously

945:

On 16 August, the Cap leader, Ture Rudbeck, arrived at Stockholm with news of the insurrection in the south, and Gustav found himself isolated in the midst of enemies. Sprengtporten lay weather-bound in Finland, Toll was 800 kilometres (500 miles) away, the Hat leaders were in hiding. Gustav

1155:

Even those who were prepared to acquiesce in the change by no means liked it. If the Riksdag of 1778 had been docile, the Riksdag of 1786 was mutinous. The consequence was that nearly all the royal propositions were either rejected outright or so modified that Gustav himself withdrew them.

941:

On 6 August 1772, Toll succeeded in winning the fortress of Kristianstad by sheer bluff, and on 16 August, Sprengtporten succeeded in surprising Sveaborg, but contrary winds prevented him from crossing to Stockholm. Events soon occurred there that made his presence unnecessary in any case.

1634:

of the Gustavian era, had told him something that could be interpreted as a prediction of his assassination in 1786, when he visited her anonymously – a coincidence – but she was known to have a large network of informers all over town to help her with her predictions, and she was in fact

1592:

The king was carried back to his quarters, and the exits of the Opera were sealed. Anckarström was arrested the following morning and immediately confessed to the murder, although he denied a conspiracy until informed that Horn and Ribbing had also been arrested and had confessed in full.

1588:

The King twitched and said "aee" without falling. Anckarström then lost courage, dropped the pistol and knife and shouted fire. People from the King's lifeguard stood some meters away. When they reached the King, they heard him say in French "Aï, je suis blessé" (Ouch, I am wounded).

1525:

of 1789 helped increase hatred against the king which had been growing among the nobility ever since the coup d'état of 1772. A conspiracy to have the king assassinated and reform the constitution was created within the nobility in the winter of 1791–92. Among those involved were

1283:

Gustav next aimed at forming a league of princes against the revolutionary government in France, and subordinated every other consideration to this goal. His profound knowledge of popular assemblies enabled him, alone among contemporary sovereigns, to gauge the scope of the

1143:

Gustav's foreign policy, in contrast, was at first both restrained and cautious. Thus, when the king summoned the estates to assemble at Stockholm on 3 September 1778, he could give a highly positive account of his six years' stewardship. The Riksdag was quite

1169:

than Rome had to begin with, may perhaps take advantage of Europe some day, in the same manner as Europe has taken advantage of America for two centuries. No matter what, I cannot help but admire their courage and enthusiastically appreciate their daring.

1612:

Gustav's gunshot wound was not initially considered life-threatening; reexamined evidence allows that the sudden serious infection that killed him almost immediately, 13 days into his convalescence, may have been caused chemically by attending surgeon

1545:

in Stockholm at midnight on 16 March 1792. Gustav had arrived earlier that evening to enjoy a dinner in the company of friends. During dinner, he received an anonymous letter that described a threat to his life (written by the colonel of the

1076:. The effort to remedy the widespread corruption that had flourished under the Hats and Caps engaged a considerable share of his time and he even found it necessary to put on trial the entire Göta Hovrätt, the superior court of justice, in 1720:

Although he may be charged with many foibles and extravagances, Gustav III is regarded one of the leading sovereigns of the 18th century for patronage of the arts. He was very fond of the performing and visual arts, as well as literature.

1087:, though "within certain limits". The national defences were raised to a "Great Power" scale, and the navy was so enlarged as to become one of the most formidable in Europe. The dilapidated finances were set in good order by the " 1114:, which was in general use among the upper classes from 1778 until his death (and it is still worn by the ladies of the court on state occasions). The king's one great economic blunder was his attempt in 1775 to make the sale of 1596:

The king had not been shot dead; he was alive and continued to function as head of state. The coup was a failure in the short run. However, the wound became infected, and on 29 March, the king finally died with these

5866: 4103:

Protocoller hållne uti kongl. Maj:ts högste domstol eller justitie-revision med dertil hörande handlingar, rörande det å högstsalig hans May:t Konung Gustaf den III:dje, glorwyrdigst I åminnelse, föröfwade

953:

After parade he reconducted them to the guard-room in the north western wing of the palace where the Guard of Honour had its headquarters and unfolded his plans to them. He told the assembled officers,

619: 1190:

The Riksdag of 1786 marks a turning-point in Gustav's history. Henceforth he showed a growing determination to rule without a parliament, a cautious and gradual passage from semi-constitutionalism to

463:, and is often considered one of the most important figures in the history of Swedish art, music and architecture. Gustav III was well liked by the Swedish population and was mourned upon his death. 5776: 1245: 1585:

and Ribbing or he pulled the trigger with the gun in Anckarström's hand. Because of the King turning backwards the shot went in at an angle from the third lumbar vertebra towards the hip region.

1708:

dressed in the uniform of the Swedish Coastal Navy (Skärgårdsflottan), landing on the quays of Stockholm, returning from the war to offer a twig of peace to the burghers of Stockholm. Statue at

1925:

The island's capital still bears the name Gustavia in honour of Gustav III. Though it was sold back to France in 1878, many streets and locations there still carry Swedish names, including the

5886: 3902:"W. Bolts' forslag till kolonisation af en ö….1786–1790", Rigsarkivet, Handel och Sjöfart, 193; cited in Åke W. Essén, "Wilhelm Bolts und die schwedischen Kolonisierungspläne in Asien", 802: 404:

by a gunshot in the lower back during a masquerade ball as part of an aristocratic-parliamentary coup attempt, but managed to assume command and quell the uprising before succumbing to

1057:

was restricted to a relatively short list of crimes (including murder), and torture was abolished in order to gain confessions, although the "strict death penalty", with torture-like

3040: 455:

to acknowledge and reward those Swedes who had contributed to advances in the fields of agriculture, mining and commerce. He was also a patron of many cultural figures, including

2097: 2315: 4460: 1538:. Anckarström was chosen to carry out the murder with pistols and knives, but there has also been evidence suggesting that Ribbing was the one who actually shot Gustav. 1213:

to the south. In embarking on a war of aggression without the consent of the estates, Gustav violated his own constitution of 1772, which led to a serious mutiny, the

702: 1824:. All of them succeeded in adapting their musical origins to Swedish national dramatic style, a process sometimes overseen by the king (notably in the layout of the 848:

Under the sway of the Cap faction, Sweden seemed in danger of falling prey to the political ambitions of Russia. It appeared on the point of being absorbed into the

3867:

Kraus was present at the ball where Gustav was shot. Kraus wrote a funeral cantata and the Symphonie funèbre, which were played at the burial ceremony on 13 April.

986:, and everyone signed it without hesitation. It absolved them from their allegiance to the estates, and bound them solely to obey "their lawful king, Gustav III". 680: 3910:

Stockholm, Norstedt, 1885–1905, Del. 2, pp. 492–8; cited in Carl Sprinchorn, "Sjuttonhundratalets och förslag till Svensk Kolonisation i främmande världsdelar",

1288:

accurately from the first. He was hampered, however, by financial restrictions and lack of support from the other European powers. Then, after the brief Diet of

3682: 2873: 1064: 5649: 4753: 4626: 794:, he had guaranteed the integrity of the existing Swedish constitution; he advised the young monarch to play the part of mediator and abstain from violence. 5896: 3979: 3015: 1122:. These proved to be unprofitable, and moreover the monopoly was hugely unpopular among the common people, and so Gustav was forced to abolish it in 1786. 2038: 1094:

Gustav also introduced new national economic policies. In 1775, free trade in grain was promoted and several oppressive export tolls were abolished. The

950:

adherents joined him in little groups, as if by accident, so that by the time he reached his destination he had about two hundred officers in his suite.

706: 4683: 4559: 1233:

on 17 February 1789 with the backing of the three lower estates. This reinforced monarchical authority significantly, although the estates retained the

997:

secured. Then Gustav made a tour of the city and was everywhere received by enthusiastic crowds, who hailed him as a deliverer. A song was composed by

1571:

everything that is holy in this world, to postpone this damnable ball, to such times as are more positive for Your present as well as coming benefit...

1276:. The Russians lost one-third of their fleet and 7,000 men. A month later, on 14 August 1790, a peace treaty was signed between Russia and Sweden: the 4242: 2505: 1217:, among his aristocratic officers in Finland. Denmark declared war in support of its Russian ally, but was soon persuaded to sign a ceasefire through 1072:

Gustav took an active part in every department of business, but relied heavily on extra-official counsellors of his own choosing rather than upon the

408:

13 days later, a period during which he received apologies from many of his political enemies. Gustav's immense powers were placed in the hands of a

5831: 5485: 4273: 4158: 2283: 1971:' proposal for an equivalent venture in Nuyts Land (the south-western coast of Australia). The war with Russia caused this venture to be abandoned. 361:

averted a complete military defeat and signified that Swedish military might was to be countenanced after its major defeats earlier in the century.

222: 4574: 3291: 1024:, viewed as one of the masterpieces of Swedish oratory, in which he reproached the estates for their unpatriotic venality and license in the past. 5921: 5861: 5841: 5826: 3970: 2377: 2257: 2011: 1550:

Carl Pontus Lilliehorn), but, as the king had received numerous threatening letters in the past, he chose to ignore it. The letter was written in

263: 5761: 4678: 4600: 4343: 912:. After some debate, it was agreed that Kristianstad should openly declare against the government a few days after the Finnish revolt had begun. 760: 341:, Gustav spent considerable public funds on cultural ventures, which were controversial among his critics, as well as military attempts to seize 1125: 5821: 5702: 4486: 4481: 3930:

Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans

2191: 1731:, where his own historical dramas were performed, and he promoted the careers of many native singers and actors, among them the dramatic stars 660: 334:

during the Age of Liberty, but at the same time it opened up the government for all citizens, thereby breaking the privileges of the nobility.

210: 3795: 483: 3055: 5851: 5836: 2341: 3294:. Sweden & The American Revolution. By Adolph B. Benson. Illustrated. 216 pp. New Haven: The Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor Company. 5658: 4605: 2751: 2625: 875:, a Finnish nobleman, who had incurred the enmity of the Caps, with the prospect of a revolution. He undertook to seize the fortress of 764: 1667: 835:

of neither faction was sufficient for the smallest act of self-denial. The subsequent attempts of the dominant Caps to reduce him to a

5881: 5871: 5766: 5420: 4269: 3397: 1083:

Measures were also taken to reform the administration and judicial procedures. In 1774, an ordinance was proclaimed providing for the

4302: 2931: 1835:

It was in the foyer of the opera house that King Gustav III was assassinated. This incident became the basis of an opera libretto by

1265: 354: 5315: 4079: 4039: 3842: 3818: 3737: 3716: 3696: 3488: 3452: 3146: 2563: 2404: 1769:

bridge. Until 1788, spoken drama was also performed in the opera house. Gustav then founded a separate entity for spoken drama, the

1411: 1389: 930: 392:

of 1766 was severely curtailed, however, by amendments in 1774 and 1792, effectively extinguishing independent media. Following the

4328: 594:

until the age of five, then educated under the care of two governors who were among the most eminent Swedish statesmen of the day:

5846: 4746: 4333: 710: 36: 818: 1268:. At first, the venture seemed headed for disaster before the Swedes successfully broke a blockade by the Russian fleet at the 1209:

refused to abandon her ally Denmark, Gustav declared war on Russia in June 1788, while it was deeply engaged in a war with the

1038: 389: 5876: 5756: 4636: 4543: 4533: 4125: 2589: 1327: 428:, which definitively established parliament as the dominant political power; this has lasted until the modern day, where the 5197: 4699: 4579: 3075: : Sweden changed from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar in 1753, when 17 February was followed by 1 March. 1700: 5267: 5220: 5203: 4235: 1744: 1643: 479: 276: 1370: 610:

experienced in the art of dissimulation. Even his most hostile teachers were amazed by his combination of natural gifts.

396:, Gustav pursued an alliance of princes aimed at crushing the insurrection and re-instating his French counterpart, King 5432: 2159: 591: 3935:

Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living

1342: 5891: 5856: 5642: 5635: 4739: 2992: 2652: 1323: 1292:

on 22 January – 24 February 1792, he fell victim to a widespread political conspiracy among his aristocratic enemies.

1269: 1250: 672: 641: 629: 178: 671:, a possibility asserted by some writers. The close personal relationships that he formed with two of his courtiers, 663:(1782–1783). For the consummation of the marriage, the king and queen requested actual physical instruction by Count 1197:

At the same time, his foreign policy became more adventurous. At first he sought to gain Russian support to acquire

5606: 5600: 5406: 4141: 2837: 1675: 1527: 872: 471: 1349: 1316: 5505: 5464: 4434: 3010: 2778: 2436: 2217: 2070: 1785: 1230: 487: 232: 108: 1277: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5039: 4762: 4228: 2899: 2810: 2711: 2684: 2133: 1218: 475: 346: 242: 71: 4280:, the adoptive heirs of the House of Holstein-Gottorp, who were adoptive heirs of the Palatinate-Zweibrückens. 5616: 5610: 5335: 4361: 1813: 1494: 1356: 1073: 990: 602:. Nonetheless, he perhaps owed most of what shaped him during his early education to the poet and historian 519: 417: 1933:, appear in the island's coat of arms along with insignia of the island's two other previous owners: three 1801: 1747:, by letting them perform in his plays or in his commissioned operas, respectively. In 1773 he founded the 5916: 5697: 5329: 5260: 5243: 5232: 5186: 5097: 5049: 4610: 4507: 4371: 3626: 2531: 1770: 1663: 1522: 1191: 913: 901: 853: 836: 741: 726: 714: 676: 645: 478:. Swedish military forces were engaged by the thousands on the side of the colonists, largely through the 448: 338: 331: 327: 5470: 5459: 5297: 5134: 4641: 4418: 4413: 3689: 1946: 1797: 1502: 649: 599: 424:

reached adulthood in 1796. The Gustavian autocracy thus survived until 1809, when his son was ousted in

369: 303: 4887: 1894: 1338: 1111: 440: 5816: 5811: 5454: 5426: 5396: 5308: 5291: 5190: 5082: 4397: 4381: 4366: 4307: 1889: 1864: 1752: 1535: 1513: 1184: 1084: 1050: 998: 924: 894: 491: 460: 401: 358: 1008: 5806: 5534: 5068: 4981: 4859: 4844: 4788: 4277: 4119: 3050: 3045: 1953: 1915: 1899: 1845: 1821: 1817: 1774: 1748: 1713: 1683: 1659: 1542: 1425: 1206: 1160: 1058: 919:

The entire revolutionary enterprise was underwritten with loans procured from the French financier

856:. It seemed to many that only a swift and sudden coup d'état could preserve Sweden's independence. 779: 664: 567: 444: 377: 45: 1614: 1179: 1159:

Earlier in foreign affairs, however, and privately, Gustav had shown considerable interest in the

5489: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5339: 5301: 5274: 5236: 5226: 5138: 5059: 4971: 4952: 4896: 4646: 4631: 4323: 4297: 4292: 4261: 4251: 4166: 4014: 3966: 3340: 3296: 3273: 3128: 1926: 1851: 1234: 1222: 994: 983: 736:, which mainly represented the interests of the peasantry and clergy, to summon an extraordinary 595: 551: 385: 350: 315: 307: 5024: 4793: 1732: 1258: 4135: 466:

In 1777, Gustav III was the first formally neutral head of state in the world to recognise the

5715: 5554: 5401: 5173: 5169: 5156: 5152: 5146: 5142: 5044: 5009: 4997: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4892: 4770: 4512: 4338: 4075: 4035: 3838: 3814: 3791: 3733: 3712: 3692: 3484: 3448: 3393: 3317: 3035: 3005: 1938: 1671: 1652: 1627: 1285: 1214: 1099: 964: 904:, another victim of Cap oppression. Toll proposed to raise a second revolt in the province of 733: 523: 515: 511: 393: 311: 298:

Gustav was a vocal opponent of what he saw as the abuse of political privileges seized by the

201: 165: 3928: 1507: 822:

One of Gustav III's revolution rings in memory of the political revolution of 21 August 1772.

5708: 5549: 5449: 4991: 4962: 4915: 4882: 4878: 4854: 4849: 4817: 4569: 4491: 4376: 4006: 3601: 3440: 3352: 3265: 1836: 1760: 1705: 1577:

around the theatre once and then into the foyer where they met Captain Carl Fredrik Pollet.

1547: 1130: 1119: 946:

thereupon resolved to strike the decisive blow without waiting for Sprengtporten's arrival.

864: 718: 687: 633: 456: 299: 151: 3312: 1049:

Gustav worked towards reform in the same direction as other contemporary sovereigns of the

5750: 5743: 5684: 5579: 5574: 5515: 5064: 5054: 4662: 4595: 4476: 4212: 3729: 3686: 3030: 1812:

Notable opera composers under Gustav's reign were three artists originally from Germany:

1736: 1551: 935: 920: 889:

was secured, he intended to embark for Sweden, join up with the king and his friends near

849: 810: 787: 737: 691: 656: 436: 421: 288: 206: 118: 1789: 1077: 1041:, was read to the estates and unanimously accepted by them. The diet was then dissolved. 1002: 1804:. The Grand Lodge conferred upon him the title "Vicarius Salomonis" (Vicar of Solomon). 1363: 5284: 5253: 5213: 4873: 4863: 4202: 4028: 1859: 1740: 1531: 1498: 1210: 1103: 791: 768: 749: 603: 555: 507: 373: 319: 284: 80: 41: 3428:

in Swedish, P.A. Norstedt & Söners förlag Stockholm, 1920, Vol. I, pp. 366f., 427

1619: 1148:

towards the king. "There was no room for a single question during the whole session."

624: 5800: 5361: 5280: 5249: 5209: 5180: 5163: 5003: 4986: 4976: 4967: 4920: 4839: 4803: 4265: 4195: 3974: 3961: 3830: 3471:, Stockholm 1921 p 138 (reference and page number is for the two preceding sentences) 3020: 1968: 1942: 1679: 1457: 1054: 755:

Gustav found greater success abroad. From 4 February to 25 March 1771, Gustav was in

668: 467: 452: 342: 292: 3584:"54 (Berättelser ur svenska historien / Nionde bandet. Gustaf III. Gustaf IV Adolf)" 1272:

on 9 July 1790. This is regarded as the greatest naval victory ever achieved by the

5691: 5677: 5520: 5111: 4455: 3558: 1934: 1930: 1840: 1793: 1273: 1012: 909: 881: 745: 730: 559: 425: 413: 31: 3215: 3104: 967:, then I will risk my life and blood for you and the salvation of the fatherland!" 1759:. A new opera house was built in 1775 and inaugurated in 1782, connected to the 1724:

Gustav was also active as a playwright. He is largely credited with creating the

400:, offering Swedish military assistance as well as his leadership. In 1792 he was 5627: 5376: 5346: 5322: 4798: 3914:årg.43, 1923, pp. 153–4; and Robert J. King, "Gustaf III’s Australian Colony", 1305: 1145: 960: 934:

Photo of Gustav III's uniform worn during the coup d'état, 19th of August 1772,

571: 252: 65: 4050: 3997:

Barton, H. Arnold (Autumn 1972). "Gustav III of Sweden and the Enlightenment".

3426:

Hedvig Elisabeth Charlottas dagbok / The Diaries of Hedvig Elizabeth Charlotte,

3172: 435:

A patron of the arts and benefactor of arts and literature, Gustav founded the

17: 5722: 5559: 4868: 4528: 3025: 1964: 1919: 1898:

in honor of the Swedish King, in which the first ever female aeronaut, singer

1868:(A Masked Ball), with the specifics changed under the pressure of censorship. 1709: 1631: 1598: 1254: 832: 95: 3983:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 736–738. 3937:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 29. 3583: 3356: 3216:"Gustav III | King of Sweden, Enlightened Ruler, Assassination | Britannica" 2998: 1911: 1781: 1695: 1429: 1088: 1021: 977:"We are willing to sacrifice both blood and life in Your Majesty's service!" 890: 772: 587: 397: 323: 134: 3243: 4118: 1264:

Throughout 1789 and 1790, Gustav conducted a war with Russia known as the

1237:. In return, Gustav abolished most of the old privileges of the nobility. 502:

Gustav III was known in Sweden and abroad by his royal titles, or styles:

5736: 5729: 5569: 5564: 4564: 4538: 1825: 1461: 1289: 1095: 876: 527: 365: 287:

from 1771 until his assassination in 1792. He was the eldest son of King

744:

in a way that would increase the power of the crown. But the victorious

4834: 4018: 3277: 1765: 1330: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1202: 886: 827: 783: 429: 409: 381: 279:

13 January] 1746 – 29 March 1792), also called

217: 4134: 859: 330:

of 1789, which swept away most of the powers exercised by the Swedish

4731: 1472: 1198: 1115: 905: 543: 535: 405: 4010: 4005:(1). American Society for Eighteenth Century Studies (ASECS): 1–34. 3413:

Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History: From Antiquity to World War II

3269: 3256:

Barton, H.A. (1966). "Sweden and the War of American Independence".

1541:

The assassination of the king was enacted at a masked ball at the

767:, one of the most prominent French diplomats, was transferred from 4220: 3960:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

1699: 1476: 1244: 1178: 1124: 1063: 1007: 929: 858: 817: 809: 801: 756: 701: 623: 563: 1606:

Jag känner mig sömnig, några ögonblicks vila skulle göra mig gott

1118:

a government monopoly, through the establishment of a network of

1929:

which was named after him. Also, the Swedish national arms, the

1885: 575: 547: 539: 531: 5631: 4735: 4224: 3908:

Sveriges Politiska Historia under Konung Gustaf III:s Regering,

3189: 620:

Wedding of Gustav, Crown Prince of Sweden, and Sophia Magdalena

4052:

A History of Sweden from the Earliest Times to the Present Day

3174:

A History of Sweden from the Earliest Times to the Present Day

1918:

from France in 1785 (in exchange for French trading rights in

1521:

Gustav III's war against Russia and his implementation of the

1299: 1107: 786:. Frederick bluntly informed his nephew that, in concert with 376:

presence in Sweden, and enacted wide-ranging reforms aimed at

345:

with Russian aid, then a series of attempts to re-capture the

3759: 3757: 5867:

Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences

3002:(Swedish 2011 television series set in Stockholm in 1790–92) 1651:

Gustav's funeral took place on 14 May 1792. It was held in

3906:

Bd.7 (6), 1935, pp. 83–101. See also Clas Theodor Odhner,

3904:

Bijdragen voor vaderlandsche Geschiedenis en Oudheidkunde,

1910:

It was under King Gustav III that Sweden gained the small

1788:

into Sweden. That year, he named his brother, the Duke of

4723:

Not Swedish prince by birth, but created prince of Sweden

1963:

When the British were preparing to establish a colony in

778:

On his way home, Gustav paid a short visit to his uncle,

486:

in 1784, Gustav enabled the restoration, if symbolic, of

725:

Gustav first intervened actively in politics during the

322:, he initiated a campaign to restore a measure of royal 4367:

King John II Casimir of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania

3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3133:

Gustavus III. and his contemporaries 1746–1792, 2 Bände

1892:

in June 1784 launched a new hot air balloon called the

1608:("I feel sleepy, a few moments' rest would do me good") 490:

in America, as well as great personal profits from the

380:, social reform and the restriction, in many cases, of 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3368: 3366: 993:

and its president, Rudbeck, had been arrested and the

923:, arranged by the Swedish ambassador to France, Count 2098:

Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin

959:"If you follow me, just like your ancestors followed 4362:

King Władysław IV of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania

3812:

Sofia Magdalena : kärlek, revolutioner och mord

3710:

Sofia Magdalena : kärlek, revolutioner och mord

679:, were alluded to in that regard. His sister-in-law 5542: 5533: 5498: 5484: 5442: 5419: 5369: 5360: 5127: 5110: 5090: 5081: 5032: 5023: 4929: 4914: 4825: 4816: 4778: 4769: 4692: 4671: 4655: 4619: 4588: 4552: 4521: 4500: 4469: 4443: 4427: 4406: 4390: 4354: 4316: 4285: 3775:

Autopsy protocol in the High Court protocols, 1792.

3147:"Brawl In The Baltic Sea: The Battle of Svensksund" 1490: 1482: 1467: 1451: 1443: 1435: 1421: 1404: 897:to accept a new constitution dictated by the king. 258: 248: 238: 228: 216: 200: 172: 158: 141: 128: 124: 114: 104: 94: 86: 79: 58: 4027: 3392:. St. Martin's Griffin; 1st edition. p. 556. 3313:"Sanningen om det svenska slaveriet (SvD Premium)" 900:At this juncture, the plotters were reinforced by 3786:Lindqvist, Herman; Fersen, Hans Axel von (2010). 3041:List of coups d'état and coup attempts by country 2316:Christina Magdalena of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken 1967:, the Government of Gustav III agreed to sponsor 1534:, Claes Fredrik Horn, Carl Pontus Lilliehorn and 1027:Part of the speech by Gustav III to the Estates: 841:(a powerless king), encouraged him to consider a 3341:"Sweden, the Slave Trade and Slavery, 1784-1847" 1565:of wanting to shorten Your days, through murder. 357:. Nonetheless, his successful leadership in the 4377:John Albert, Prince-Bishop of Warmia and Kraków 4030:Scandinavia in the Revolutionary Era, 1760–1815 3891:Joseph Martin Kraus und die Gustavianische Oper 3790:(in Swedish). Stockholm: Fischer. p. 138. 1556: 504: 4034:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 1655:, which had been decorated in a grand manner. 1163:and had this to say about it in October 1776: 5643: 4747: 4236: 1686:under the direction of the composer himself. 852:sought by the Russian vice-chancellor, Count 8: 4461:Prince Frederick Adolf, Duke of Östergötland 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 1581:King, who bent backwards to talk to Pollet. 1053:. Criminal justice became more lenient, the 394:uprising against the French monarchy in 1789 5887:People of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790) 4344:Prince Charles Philip, Duke of Södermanland 3990:Gustavus III and His Contemporaries, 2 vols 3858:. St. Louis, Mo: Missouri Lodge of Research 5650: 5636: 5628: 5539: 5495: 5439: 5366: 5124: 5087: 5029: 4926: 4822: 4775: 4754: 4740: 4732: 4243: 4229: 4221: 4149: 3602:"Gustav III - Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon" 3415:. Robert Aldrich Garry Wotherspoon, p. 194 3292:"Sweden's Part in the American Revolution" 2874:George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 2039:Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp 1988: 1979: 1410: 1401: 826:At the time of his accession, the Swedish 740:from which he hoped for the reform of the 709:; Gustav III (left) and his two brothers, 707:King Gustav III of Sweden and his Brothers 64: 55: 4719:Lost his title due to an unequal marriage 4627:Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten 3390:Catherine the Great: Love, sex, and power 3383: 3381: 3135:London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, 1894 2506:Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg 1559:To the King — with the greatest humility. 1390:Learn how and when to remove this message 1110:. Gustav even designed and popularized a 1061:preceding the execution, was maintained. 908:, and to secure the southern fortress of 506:Gustav, by the Grace of God, King of the 310:. Seizing power from the government in a 3469:Gustav III; Hans Liv, Person och Gärning 3016:Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment 2284:Frederick VII, Margrave of Baden-Durlach 1642: 1416:Gustav's outfit during the assassination 1045:Between constitutionalism and absolutism 4560:Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland 4382:Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Opole 3081: 2378:Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp 2258:Friedrich VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach 2012:Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp 1666:that was performed by the solo singers 4260:The generations indicate descent from 3627:"kronobränneri - Uppslagsverk - NE.se" 2853: 2731: 2727: 2715: 2605: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2467: 2357: 2237: 2233: 2221: 2113: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1662:composed a funeral march to a text of 590:. He was placed under the tutelage of 3685:18 October 1776 published in 1992 by 2929: 2919: 2915: 2903: 2897: 2887: 2871: 2861: 2857: 2841: 2835: 2825: 2808: 2798: 2794: 2782: 2776: 2766: 2749: 2739: 2735: 2709: 2699: 2682: 2672: 2668: 2656: 2650: 2640: 2623: 2613: 2609: 2593: 2587: 2577: 2561: 2551: 2547: 2535: 2529: 2519: 2503: 2493: 2489: 2461: 2451: 2434: 2424: 2420: 2408: 2402: 2392: 2375: 2365: 2361: 2345: 2339: 2329: 2313: 2303: 2299: 2287: 2281: 2271: 2255: 2245: 2241: 2215: 2205: 2189: 2179: 2175: 2163: 2157: 2147: 2131: 2121: 2117: 2101: 2095: 2085: 2068: 2058: 2054: 2042: 2036: 2026: 2009: 2005: 1129:Coronation portrait of Gustav III by 683:implied as much in her famous diary. 7: 4684:Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland 4679:Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland 4601:Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland 3728:Gustaf III Mannen bakom myten, 1992 3669: 3650: 3545: 3500: 3372: 3311:Harrison, Dick (24 September 2016). 2342:Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach 1959:Plan to colonise Australia 1786–1787 1328:adding citations to reliable sources 655:The marriage produced two children: 451:built. In 1772 he founded the Royal 4715:Also prince of Poland and Lithuania 4508:Crown Prince Gustav, Prince of Vasa 4482:Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of Småland 4303:Prince Magnus, Duke of Östergötland 3835:Ekot av ett skott - öden kring 1792 2752:Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover 2626:Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover 2192:Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg 661:Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of Småland 211:Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of Småland 5897:Swedish monarchs of German descent 4642:Prince Carl Johan, Duke of Dalarna 4575:Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland 1183:Portrait of Gustav III in 1786 by 25: 5786:Heirs who succeeded are shown in 4611:Prince Carl, Duke of Östergötland 4334:Prince John, Duke of Östergötland 3339:Ekman, Ernst (7 September 1975). 3145:Piper, Grant (4 September 2023). 2564:Louise Henriette of Orange-Nassau 2405:Augusta Marie of Holstein-Gottorp 1954:Slave trade under King Gustav III 1773:, with a new building behind the 729:, when he compelled the dominant 432:is Sweden's supreme legislature. 5775: 4606:Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland 4270:Houses of Palatinate-Zweibrücken 4091:Den gustavianska tiden 1772–1809 3953: 3056:Swedish-Algerian War (1791–1792) 1884:Following Gustav III's visit to 1554:, and in translation it stated: 1304: 1020:throne, he delivered his famous 262: 90:12 February 1771 – 29 March 1792 27:King of Sweden from 1771 to 1792 5832:Sweden during the Gustavian era 4647:Prince Lennart, Duke of Småland 4632:Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland 4106:. Stockholm: Anders Zetterberg. 3241:Sweden – America's First Friend 1682:, choir and orchestra from the 1635:interrogated about the murder. 1315:needs additional citations for 806:Gustav's coronation in May 1772 190: 5922:18th-century murders in Sweden 5862:Early modern history of Sweden 5842:Burials at Riddarholmen Church 5827:18th-century murdered monarchs 4637:Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland 4544:Prince August, Duke of Dalarna 4534:Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland 4126:New International Encyclopedia 3918:vol. 27, no. 2, 2005, pp. 3–20 3258:The William and Mary Quarterly 3070: 2590:Frederick William I of Prussia 1647:The decorations at the funeral 1512:, Carl Pontus Lilliehorn, and 1089:currency realization ordinance 972:A young ensign then spoke up: 1: 5822:18th-century Swedish monarchs 5659:Heirs to the throne of Sweden 4779: 4570:Prince Oscar, Duke of Gotland 4049:Cronholm, Neander N. (1902). 3559:"Gustav III:s statskupp 1772" 3171:Cronholm, Neander N. (1902). 1906:Saint-Barthélemy and Gustavia 1745:Christoffer Christian Karsten 1624:who was his known adversary. 1241:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790) 1134: 871:Gustav III was approached by 482:. Through the acquisition of 37:Gustave III, ou Le bal masqué 4957:descendant of Inge the Elder 4901:descendant of Inge the Elder 4268:, and continues through the 3345:Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire 2932:Eleonore d'Esmier d'Olbreuse 2160:Frederikke Amalie of Denmark 1784:in 1780, and introduced the 1266:Russo-Swedish War of 1788–90 698:Politics of an heir apparent 420:until his son and successor 326:. This was completed by the 5852:Deaths by firearm in Sweden 5837:Assassinated Swedish people 5198:Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna) 4700:Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne 4580:Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke 4487:Crown Prince Charles August 4101:Swedish High Court (1792). 2993:Absolute Monarchy in Sweden 2653:Sophia Charlotte of Hanover 1888:, the aeronautics pioneers 1405:Assassination of Gustav III 982:Gustav then dictated a new 630:Sophia Magdalena of Denmark 179:Sophia Magdalena of Denmark 5938: 5268:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna 5221:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna 5204:Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna) 4026:Barton, H. Arnold (1986). 3999:Eighteenth-Century Studies 3889:Engländer, Richard : 3764:High Court protocols, 1792 3424:Cecilia af Klercker, ed., 3388:Virginia Rounding (2008). 3359:– via www.persee.fr. 2847: 2838:Sophia Dorothea of Hanover 2729: 2721: 2599: 2483: 2479: 2351: 2235: 2227: 2107: 1999: 1995: 1951: 1755:under the umbrella of his 1693: 1676:Kristofer Kristian Karsten 873:Jacob Magnus Sprengtporten 713:and Prince Charles, later 617: 318:, in 1772, that ended the 29: 5882:People murdered in Sweden 5872:House of Holstein-Gottorp 5784: 5773: 5665: 5592: 4708: 4258: 4209: 4200: 4192: 4187: 4159:House of Holstein-Gottorp 4152: 4089:Stavenow, Ludvig (1925). 3878:Opera på Stockholmsoperan 3011:The Funeral of Gustav III 2917: 2909: 2881: 2859: 2855: 2819: 2796: 2788: 2779:George I of Great Britain 2760: 2737: 2733: 2693: 2670: 2662: 2634: 2611: 2607: 2571: 2549: 2541: 2513: 2491: 2487: 2445: 2437:Marie Elisabeth of Saxony 2422: 2414: 2386: 2363: 2359: 2323: 2301: 2293: 2265: 2243: 2239: 2218:Adolf Frederick of Sweden 2199: 2177: 2169: 2141: 2119: 2115: 2079: 2071:Marie Elisabeth of Saxony 2056: 2048: 2020: 2003: 1786:Rite of Strict Observance 1409: 1231:Act of Union and Security 1098:was amended, and limited 657:Crown Prince Gustav Adolf 592:Hedvig Elisabet Strömfelt 492:transatlantic slave trade 488:Swedish overseas colonies 233:Adolf Frederick of Sweden 63: 4372:Prince Alexander Charles 4329:Gustav, Prince of Uglich 3988:Bain, R. Nisbet (1894). 3856:10,000 Famous Freemasons 3854:Denslow, Wm. R. (1958). 3467:Oswald Kuylenstierna in 3447:. Norstedt. p. 61. 3109:Encyclopaedia Britannica 2900:Sophia Dorothea of Celle 2712:Louisa Ulrika of Prussia 2134:Frederick III of Denmark 1843:in 1833 under the title 1690:Contributions to culture 1112:Swedish national costume 1102:was proclaimed for both 1039:Instrument of Government 1037:A new constitution, the 640:Gustav married Princess 582:Early life and education 390:Freedom of the Press Act 347:Swedish Baltic dominions 302:since the death of King 243:Louisa Ulrika of Prussia 5847:Crown princes of Sweden 4142:The American Cyclopædia 4074:. Stockholm: Norstedt. 4070:Lönnroth, Erik (1986). 4061:Hennings, Beth (1957). 3980:Encyclopædia Britannica 3357:10.3406/outre.1975.1827 1983:Ancestors of Gustav III 1814:Johann Gottlieb Naumann 1739:and the operatic stars 1528:Jacob Johan Anckarström 1495:Jacob Johan Anckarstrom 1074:Privy Council of Sweden 863:Gustav III in 1772, by 520:Grand Prince of Finland 480:French expedition force 418:Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm 5330:Sten Sture the Younger 5261:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa) 5244:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa) 5187:Christopher of Bavaria 3876:Sällström, Åke : 3732:Gunnar von Proschwitz 3482:Gustaf III en biografi 2532:Frederick I of Prussia 1771:Royal Dramatic Theatre 1717: 1664:Carl Gustaf af Leopold 1648: 1574: 1523:Union and Security Act 1261: 1187: 1140: 1069: 1016: 938: 902:Johan Christopher Toll 868: 823: 815: 807: 727:December Crisis (1768) 722: 715:Charles XIII of Sweden 711:Prince Frederick Adolf 646:Frederick V of Denmark 637: 579: 449:Royal Dramatic Theatre 339:enlightened absolutism 332:Riksdag of the estates 328:Union and Security Act 275:(24 January [ 40:. For the unfinished 5877:People from Stockholm 4711:Also prince of Norway 4492:King Charles XIV John 4136:"Gustavus III." 4120:"Gustavus III." 3821:pp. 306-307 & 314 3810:Claes Rainer 2021 in 3708:Claes Rainer 2021 in 3690:Gunnar von Proschwitz 3683:Countess de Boufflers 1947:Knights of Saint John 1802:Grand Lodge of Sweden 1703: 1646: 1248: 1182: 1175:Increased royal power 1128: 1067: 1011: 1003:Toast to King Gustav! 933: 862: 821: 813: 805: 798:Reign and coup d'état 705: 673:Count Axel von Fersen 650:Christiansborg Palace 627: 600:Carl Fredrik Scheffer 5309:Sten Sture the Elder 5292:Sten Sture the Elder 5191:House of Wittelsbach 4663:King Carl XVI Gustaf 4596:King Gustaf VI Adolf 4477:King Gustav IV Adolf 4435:King Adolf Frederick 4339:King Gustav II Adolf 4164:Cadet branch of the 3912:Historisk Tidskrift, 2464:Gustav III of Sweden 1890:Montgolfier brothers 1865:Un ballo in maschera 1796:), to the office of 1753:Royal Swedish Ballet 1536:Carl Fredrik Pechlin 1514:Carl Fredrik Pechlin 1324:improve this article 1270:Battle of Svensksund 1251:Battle of Svensksund 1185:Per Krafft the Elder 1085:liberty of the press 1051:Age of Enlightenment 999:Carl Michael Bellman 677:Baron Gustav Armfelt 472:war for independence 461:Carl Michael Bellman 359:Battle of Svensksund 4982:Sverker the Younger 3967:Bain, Robert Nisbet 3837:, Bra Böcker 1986, 3653:, pp. 737–738. 3503:, pp. 736–737. 3051:Swedish slave trade 3046:Marstrand Free Port 1902:, took to the air. 1822:Joseph Martin Kraus 1818:Georg Joseph Vogler 1775:Royal Swedish Opera 1749:Royal Swedish Opera 1714:Johan Tobias Sergel 1684:Royal Swedish Opera 1660:Joseph Martin Kraus 1255:Stockholm Cathedral 1207:Catherine the Great 1161:American Revolution 1059:corporal punishment 914:Duke Charles (Karl) 780:Frederick the Great 644:, daughter of King 586:Gustav was born in 445:Royal Swedish Opera 426:another coup d'état 388:. The much-praised 378:economic liberalism 368:, Gustav legalised 353:through the failed 154:, Stockholm, Sweden 5892:Swedish Freemasons 5857:Deaths from sepsis 5340:House of Oldenburg 5302:House of Oldenburg 5275:Erik Axelsson Tott 5237:House of Oldenburg 5227:Erik Axelsson Tott 5139:House of Estridsen 4953:House of Estridsen 4943:Eric "IX" the Holy 4897:House of Estridsen 4888:Ragnvald Knaphövde 4763:Monarchs of Sweden 4167:House of Oldenburg 3606:sok.riksarkivet.se 3297:The New York Times 3220:www.britannica.com 3129:Robert Nisbet Bain 1852:Saverio Mercadante 1729:(Kungliga Teatern) 1718: 1649: 1503:Claes Fredrik Horn 1262: 1249:Trophies from the 1235:power of the purse 1188: 1141: 1120:crown distilleries 1070: 1017: 984:oath of allegiance 939: 869: 824: 816: 808: 797: 723: 638: 596:Carl Gustaf Tessin 552:Schleswig-Holstein 412:under his brother 386:capital punishment 351:Great Northern War 316:Swedish Revolution 308:Great Northern War 5794: 5793: 5625: 5624: 5601:Norwegian monarch 5596:Lineage uncertain 5588: 5587: 5529: 5528: 5480: 5479: 5415: 5414: 5356: 5355: 5174:House of Griffins 5157:House of Griffins 5147:House of Griffins 5106: 5105: 5077: 5076: 5019: 5018: 4958: 4937:Sverker the Elder 4910: 4909: 4902: 4826:c. 1060 – c. 1130 4812: 4811: 4729: 4728: 4456:King Charles XIII 4219: 4218: 4210:Succeeded by 3916:The Great Circle, 3797:978-91-85183-92-0 3563:Historiesajten.se 3318:Svenska Dagbladet 3239:Anna Klerkäng in 3036:History of Sweden 3006:Culture of Sweden 2983: 2982: 2979: 2978: 2811:Sophia of Hanover 2685:Sophia of Hanover 1945:representing the 1672:Franziska Stading 1658:For the funeral, 1653:Riddarholmskyrkan 1628:Ulrica Arfvidsson 1543:Royal Opera House 1519: 1518: 1426:Royal Opera House 1400: 1399: 1392: 1374: 1286:French Revolution 1253:brought into the 1215:Anjala Conspiracy 1116:alcoholic spirits 1100:religious liberty 965:Gustavus Adolphus 659:(1778–1837), and 614:Marriage and sons 270: 269: 166:Riddarholm Church 30:For the opera by 16:(Redirected from 5929: 5779: 5652: 5645: 5638: 5629: 5550:Charles XIV John 5540: 5496: 5486:Holstein-Gottorp 5450:Charles X Gustav 5440: 5436: 5367: 5125: 5088: 5030: 4956: 4927: 4900: 4883:Inge the Younger 4823: 4781: 4776: 4756: 4749: 4742: 4733: 4419:King Frederick I 4414:King Charles XII 4324:King Sigismund I 4274:Holstein-Gottorp 4245: 4238: 4231: 4222: 4193:Preceded by 4183: 4176: 4150: 4146: 4138: 4130: 4122: 4107: 4094: 4085: 4072:Den stora rollen 4066: 4056: 4045: 4033: 4022: 3993: 3984: 3959: 3957: 3956: 3939: 3938: 3925: 3919: 3900: 3894: 3887: 3881: 3880:. Stockholm 1977 3874: 3868: 3865: 3859: 3852: 3846: 3828: 3822: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3783: 3777: 3772: 3766: 3761: 3752: 3750:Svärdström, 1967 3747: 3741: 3726: 3720: 3706: 3700: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3478: 3472: 3465: 3459: 3458: 3445:Den stora rollen 3437: 3431: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3403: 3385: 3376: 3370: 3361: 3360: 3351:(226): 221–231. 3336: 3330: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3253: 3247: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3212: 3206: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3194:www.riksdagen.se 3186: 3180: 3178: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3142: 3136: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3101: 3074: 3071:^A note on dates 1989: 1980: 1916:Saint-Barthélemy 1900:Élisabeth Thible 1761:Stockholm Palace 1706:Apollo Belvedere 1623: 1511: 1414: 1402: 1395: 1388: 1384: 1381: 1375: 1373: 1332: 1308: 1300: 1278:Treaty of Värälä 1139: 1136: 1131:Alexander Roslin 893:, and force the 879:in Finland by a 865:Alexander Roslin 761:Duke of Choiseul 719:Alexander Roslin 642:Sophia Magdalena 634:Alexander Roslin 484:Saint Barthélemy 457:Alexander Roslin 441:national costume 402:mortally wounded 349:lost during the 266: 223:Holstein-Gottorp 194: 192: 152:Stockholm Palace 148: 68: 56: 21: 5937: 5936: 5932: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5927: 5926: 5912:1790s in Sweden 5907:1780s in Sweden 5902:1770s in Sweden 5797: 5796: 5795: 5790: 5780: 5771: 5661: 5656: 5626: 5621: 5584: 5580:Carl XVI Gustaf 5575:Gustaf VI Adolf 5525: 5516:Gustav IV Adolf 5506:Adolf Frederick 5476: 5465:Ulrika Eleonora 5430: 5429: 5422: 5411: 5402:Gustav II Adolf 5352: 5121: 5119: 5102: 5073: 5015: 4906: 4827: 4808: 4794:Olof Skötkonung 4765: 4760: 4730: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4704: 4693:16th generation 4688: 4672:15th generation 4667: 4656:14th generation 4651: 4620:13th generation 4615: 4589:12th generation 4584: 4553:11th generation 4548: 4529:King Charles XV 4522:10th generation 4517: 4496: 4465: 4451:King Gustav III 4439: 4423: 4402: 4398:King Charles XI 4386: 4350: 4312: 4308:King Charles IX 4281: 4254: 4252:Swedish princes 4249: 4215: 4213:Gustav IV Adolf 4206: 4198: 4177: 4175:24 January 1746 4171: 4170: 4162: 4155: 4133: 4117: 4114: 4100: 4097: 4088: 4082: 4069: 4060: 4057:ch 37 pp 203–19 4048: 4042: 4025: 4011:10.2307/3031560 3996: 3987: 3965: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3943: 3942: 3927: 3926: 3922: 3901: 3897: 3888: 3884: 3875: 3871: 3866: 3862: 3853: 3849: 3829: 3825: 3809: 3805: 3798: 3788:Axel von Fersen 3785: 3784: 3780: 3773: 3769: 3762: 3755: 3748: 3744: 3730:Swedish Academy 3727: 3723: 3707: 3703: 3687:Swedish Academy 3680: 3676: 3668: 3657: 3649: 3645: 3635: 3633: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3610: 3608: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3582: 3581: 3577: 3567: 3565: 3557: 3556: 3552: 3544: 3507: 3499: 3495: 3480:Leif Landén in 3479: 3475: 3466: 3462: 3455: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3423: 3419: 3411: 3407: 3400: 3387: 3386: 3379: 3371: 3364: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3323: 3321: 3310: 3309: 3305: 3290: 3289: 3285: 3270:10.2307/1919238 3255: 3254: 3250: 3238: 3234: 3224: 3222: 3214: 3213: 3209: 3199: 3197: 3188: 3187: 3183: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3155: 3153: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3127: 3123: 3113: 3111: 3103: 3102: 3083: 3078: 3068: 3064: 3031:Gustavian style 2989: 2984: 1977: 1961: 1956: 1908: 1882: 1874:Gustavian Opera 1810: 1737:Lars Hjortsberg 1733:Fredrique Löwen 1698: 1692: 1668:Caroline Müller 1641: 1617: 1505: 1454: 1417: 1396: 1385: 1379: 1376: 1333: 1331: 1321: 1309: 1298: 1259:Pehr Hilleström 1243: 1192:semi-absolutism 1177: 1137: 1104:Roman Catholics 1068:Medal from 1777 1047: 989:Meanwhile, the 936:Livrustkammaren 921:Nicolas Beaujon 850:Northern Accord 814:Coronation coin 800: 700: 692:Swedish Academy 622: 616: 584: 500: 437:Swedish Academy 422:Gustav IV Adolf 355:war with Russia 289:Adolf Frederick 209: 207:Gustav IV Adolf 196: 193: 1766) 188: 184: 181: 168: 163: 150: 146: 133: 132:24 January 1746 119:Gustav IV Adolf 109:Adolf Frederick 75: 52: 28: 23: 22: 18:King Gustav III 15: 12: 11: 5: 5935: 5933: 5925: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5799: 5798: 5792: 5791: 5785: 5782: 5781: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5747: 5740: 5733: 5726: 5719: 5712: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5688: 5681: 5674: 5666: 5663: 5662: 5657: 5655: 5654: 5647: 5640: 5632: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5619: 5617:king of Poland 5613: 5611:Danish monarch 5603: 5597: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5586: 5585: 5583: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5546: 5544: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5502: 5500: 5493: 5482: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5474: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5446: 5444: 5437: 5417: 5416: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5373: 5371: 5364: 5358: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5343: 5333: 5326: 5319: 5316:Svante Nilsson 5312: 5305: 5295: 5288: 5285:House of Bonde 5278: 5271: 5264: 5257: 5254:House of Bonde 5247: 5240: 5230: 5217: 5214:House of Bonde 5207: 5194: 5184: 5181:Charles (VIII) 5177: 5167: 5164:Charles (VIII) 5160: 5150: 5131: 5129: 5122: 5114: 5108: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5100: 5094: 5092: 5085: 5079: 5078: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5071: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5036: 5034: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5013: 5006: 5001: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4965: 4960: 4946: 4939: 4933: 4931: 4930:c. 1130 – 1250 4924: 4912: 4911: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4904: 4890: 4885: 4876: 4874:Inge the Elder 4871: 4866: 4864:Inge the Elder 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4831: 4829: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4785: 4783: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4761: 4759: 4758: 4751: 4744: 4736: 4727: 4726: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4702: 4696: 4694: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4686: 4681: 4675: 4673: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4665: 4659: 4657: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4623: 4621: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4592: 4590: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4525: 4523: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4515: 4510: 4504: 4502: 4501:9th generation 4498: 4497: 4495: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4473: 4471: 4470:8th generation 4467: 4466: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4447: 4445: 4444:7th generation 4441: 4440: 4438: 4437: 4431: 4429: 4428:6th generation 4425: 4424: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4410: 4408: 4407:5th generation 4404: 4403: 4401: 4400: 4394: 4392: 4391:4th generation 4388: 4387: 4385: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4358: 4356: 4355:3rd generation 4352: 4351: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4320: 4318: 4317:2nd generation 4314: 4313: 4311: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4289: 4287: 4286:1st generation 4283: 4282: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4240: 4233: 4225: 4217: 4216: 4211: 4208: 4203:King of Sweden 4199: 4194: 4190: 4189: 4188:Regnal titles 4185: 4184: 4163: 4156: 4153: 4148: 4147: 4131: 4113: 4112:External links 4110: 4109: 4108: 4096: 4095: 4086: 4080: 4067: 4058: 4046: 4040: 4023: 3994: 3985: 3975:Chisholm, Hugh 3949: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3920: 3895: 3893:. Uppsala 1943 3882: 3869: 3860: 3847: 3823: 3803: 3796: 3778: 3767: 3753: 3742: 3721: 3701: 3674: 3672:, p. 738. 3655: 3643: 3618: 3593: 3575: 3550: 3548:, p. 737. 3505: 3493: 3473: 3460: 3453: 3441:Lönnroth, Erik 3432: 3417: 3405: 3399:978-0312378639 3398: 3377: 3375:, p. 736. 3362: 3331: 3303: 3300:. 3 July 1927. 3283: 3264:(3): 408–430. 3248: 3232: 3207: 3181: 3163: 3137: 3121: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3076: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2995: 2988: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2928: 2925: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2889: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2870: 2867: 2866: 2863: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2814: 2807: 2804: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2775: 2772: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2716: 2714: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2688: 2681: 2678: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2655: 2649: 2646: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2615: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2579: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2560: 2557: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2528: 2525: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2502: 2499: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2453: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2433: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2381: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2338: 2335: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2286: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2254: 2251: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2220: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2181: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2162: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2100: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2043: 2041: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1985: 1984: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1960: 1957: 1907: 1904: 1881: 1878: 1860:Giuseppe Verdi 1828:for the opera 1809: 1806: 1741:Elisabeth Olin 1691: 1688: 1640: 1637: 1610: 1609: 1532:Adolph Ribbing 1517: 1516: 1499:Adolph Ribbing 1492: 1488: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1440: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1423: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1407: 1406: 1398: 1397: 1312: 1310: 1303: 1297: 1294: 1257:, painting by 1242: 1239: 1211:Ottoman Empire 1176: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1046: 1043: 1035: 1034: 1015:and Gustav III 980: 979: 970: 969: 799: 796: 769:Constantinople 717:. Painting by 699: 696: 648:, by proxy in 618:Main article: 615: 612: 604:Olof von Dalin 583: 580: 499: 496: 364:An admirer of 337:A believer in 320:Age of Liberty 285:King of Sweden 268: 267: 260: 256: 255: 250: 246: 245: 240: 236: 235: 230: 226: 225: 220: 214: 213: 204: 198: 197: 186: 182: 177: 176: 174: 170: 169: 164: 160: 156: 155: 149:(aged 46) 143: 139: 138: 130: 126: 125: 122: 121: 116: 112: 111: 106: 102: 101: 98: 92: 91: 88: 84: 83: 81:King of Sweden 77: 76: 69: 61: 60: 42:Giuseppe Verdi 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5934: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5917:Sons of kings 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5789: 5783: 5778: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5752: 5748: 5746: 5745: 5741: 5739: 5738: 5734: 5732: 5731: 5727: 5725: 5724: 5720: 5718: 5717: 5713: 5711: 5710: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5693: 5689: 5687: 5686: 5682: 5680: 5679: 5675: 5673: 5672: 5668: 5667: 5664: 5660: 5653: 5648: 5646: 5641: 5639: 5634: 5633: 5630: 5618: 5614: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5602: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5591: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5532: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5497: 5494: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5473: 5472: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5441: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5428: 5424: 5418: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5372: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5359: 5349: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5331: 5327: 5325: 5324: 5320: 5318: 5317: 5313: 5311: 5310: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5286: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5276: 5272: 5270: 5269: 5265: 5263: 5262: 5258: 5255: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5245: 5241: 5238: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5228: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5205: 5200: 5199: 5195: 5192: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5175: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5165: 5161: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5126: 5123: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5080: 5070: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5022: 5012: 5011: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4999: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4977:Knut Eriksson 4975: 4973: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4954: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4944: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4913: 4898: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4855:Håkan the Red 4853: 4851: 4850:Anund Gårdske 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4840:Eric and Eric 4838: 4836: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4805: 4804:Emund the Old 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4782:970 – c. 1060 4777: 4774: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4757: 4752: 4750: 4745: 4743: 4738: 4737: 4734: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4707: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4691: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4654: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4593: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4565:King Gustaf V 4563: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4555: 4551: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4539:King Oscar II 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4520: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4468: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4442: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4405: 4399: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4389: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4315: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4298:King John III 4296: 4294: 4293:King Eric XIV 4291: 4290: 4288: 4284: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4266:House of Vasa 4263: 4257: 4253: 4246: 4241: 4239: 4234: 4232: 4227: 4226: 4223: 4214: 4205: 4204: 4197: 4196:Adolf Fredrik 4191: 4186: 4182:29 March 1792 4181: 4174: 4169: 4168: 4161: 4160: 4151: 4144: 4143: 4137: 4132: 4128: 4127: 4121: 4116: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4092: 4087: 4083: 4081:91-1-863652-7 4077: 4073: 4068: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4053: 4047: 4043: 4041:0-8166-1392-3 4037: 4032: 4031: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3995: 3991: 3986: 3982: 3981: 3976: 3972: 3971:Gustavus III. 3968: 3963: 3962:public domain 3951: 3950: 3945: 3936: 3932: 3931: 3924: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3899: 3896: 3892: 3886: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3870: 3864: 3861: 3857: 3851: 3848: 3844: 3843:91-7752-124-2 3840: 3836: 3832: 3831:Alf Henrikson 3827: 3824: 3820: 3819:9789198624915 3816: 3813: 3807: 3804: 3799: 3793: 3789: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3751: 3746: 3743: 3739: 3738:91-7119-079-1 3735: 3731: 3725: 3722: 3718: 3717:9789198624915 3714: 3711: 3705: 3702: 3698: 3697:91-7119-079-1 3694: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3647: 3644: 3632: 3628: 3622: 3619: 3607: 3603: 3597: 3594: 3589: 3585: 3579: 3576: 3564: 3560: 3554: 3551: 3547: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3497: 3494: 3490: 3489:91-46-21000-8 3486: 3483: 3477: 3474: 3470: 3464: 3461: 3456: 3454:91-1-863652-7 3450: 3446: 3442: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3409: 3406: 3401: 3395: 3391: 3384: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3335: 3332: 3320: 3319: 3314: 3307: 3304: 3299: 3298: 3293: 3287: 3284: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3252: 3249: 3245: 3242: 3236: 3233: 3221: 3217: 3211: 3208: 3195: 3191: 3185: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3167: 3164: 3152: 3148: 3141: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3122: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3073: 3072: 3067: 3066: 3061: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3021:Gustavian era 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3001: 3000: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2936: 2933: 2927: 2926: 2923: 2922: 2913: 2912: 2907: 2906: 2901: 2895: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2885: 2884: 2879: 2878: 2875: 2869: 2868: 2865: 2864: 2851: 2850: 2845: 2844: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2829: 2828: 2823: 2822: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2802: 2801: 2792: 2791: 2786: 2785: 2780: 2774: 2773: 2770: 2769: 2764: 2763: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2743: 2742: 2725: 2724: 2719: 2718: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2703: 2702: 2697: 2696: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2676: 2675: 2666: 2665: 2660: 2659: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2638: 2637: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2596: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2574: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2545: 2544: 2539: 2538: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2517: 2516: 2511: 2510: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2497: 2496: 2475: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2449: 2448: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2432: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2418: 2417: 2412: 2411: 2406: 2400: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2390: 2389: 2384: 2383: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2355: 2354: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2337: 2336: 2333: 2332: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2320: 2317: 2311: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2297: 2296: 2291: 2290: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2262: 2259: 2253: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2231: 2230: 2225: 2224: 2219: 2213: 2212: 2209: 2208: 2203: 2202: 2197: 2196: 2193: 2187: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2173: 2172: 2167: 2166: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2151: 2150: 2145: 2144: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2129: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2111: 2110: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2093: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2083: 2082: 2077: 2076: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2045: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2023: 2018: 2017: 2013: 2007: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1982: 1981: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1969:William Bolts 1966: 1958: 1955: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1943:Maltese cross 1940: 1937:representing 1936: 1935:fleurs-de-lis 1932: 1928: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1887: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1869: 1867: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1847: 1842: 1838: 1837:Eugène Scribe 1833: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1767: 1762: 1758: 1757:Royal Theatre 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1727: 1726:Royal Theatre 1722: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1680:Carl Stenborg 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1645: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1630:, the famous 1629: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1600: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1572: 1567: 1566: 1561: 1560: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1524: 1515: 1509: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1463: 1459: 1458:Assassination 1456: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1439:16 March 1792 1438: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1394: 1391: 1383: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1362: 1358: 1355: 1351: 1348: 1344: 1341: – 1340: 1336: 1335:Find sources: 1329: 1325: 1319: 1318: 1313:This section 1311: 1307: 1302: 1301: 1296:Assassination 1295: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1195: 1193: 1186: 1181: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1165: 1164: 1162: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1147: 1132: 1127: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1066: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1055:death penalty 1052: 1044: 1042: 1040: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 991:Privy Council 987: 985: 978: 975: 974: 973: 968: 966: 962: 957: 956: 955: 951: 947: 943: 937: 932: 928: 926: 922: 917: 915: 911: 907: 903: 898: 896: 892: 888: 884: 883: 878: 874: 866: 861: 857: 855: 851: 846: 844: 840: 839: 834: 829: 820: 812: 804: 795: 793: 789: 785: 781: 776: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 753: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 732: 728: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 697: 695: 693: 689: 688:Erik Lönnroth 684: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 653: 651: 647: 643: 635: 632:, painted by 631: 626: 621: 613: 611: 607: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 581: 578: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 503: 497: 495: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 476:Great Britain 473: 469: 468:United States 464: 462: 458: 454: 453:Order of Vasa 450: 446: 442: 438: 433: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 362: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 335: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 314:, called the 313: 309: 305: 301: 296: 294: 293:Louisa Ulrika 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 265: 261: 257: 254: 251: 247: 244: 241: 237: 234: 231: 227: 224: 221: 219: 215: 212: 208: 205: 203: 199: 180: 175: 171: 167: 161: 157: 153: 145:29 March 1792 144: 140: 136: 131: 127: 123: 120: 117: 113: 110: 107: 103: 99: 97: 93: 89: 85: 82: 78: 73: 67: 62: 57: 54: 50: 48: 43: 39: 38: 33: 19: 5787: 5749: 5744:Gustaf Adolf 5742: 5735: 5728: 5721: 5714: 5707: 5690: 5685:Gustav Adolf 5683: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5521:Charles XIII 5510: 5469: 5433:Hesse-Kassel 5431: 5427:Wittelsbach) 5345: 5336:Christian II 5328: 5321: 5314: 5307: 5290: 5281:Charles VIII 5273: 5266: 5259: 5250:Charles VIII 5242: 5225: 5219: 5210:Charles VIII 5202: 5196: 5179: 5162: 5115: 5112:Kalmar Union 5008: 4996: 4941: 4919: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4513:King Oscar I 4450: 4201: 4179: 4172: 4165: 4157: 4140: 4124: 4102: 4090: 4071: 4062: 4051: 4029: 4002: 3998: 3989: 3978: 3934: 3929: 3923: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3898: 3890: 3885: 3877: 3872: 3863: 3855: 3850: 3834: 3826: 3811: 3806: 3787: 3781: 3774: 3770: 3763: 3749: 3745: 3724: 3709: 3704: 3677: 3646: 3634:. Retrieved 3630: 3621: 3609:. Retrieved 3605: 3596: 3588:runeberg.org 3587: 3578: 3566:. Retrieved 3562: 3553: 3496: 3481: 3476: 3468: 3463: 3444: 3435: 3425: 3420: 3412: 3408: 3389: 3348: 3344: 3334: 3322:. Retrieved 3316: 3306: 3295: 3286: 3261: 3257: 3251: 3240: 3235: 3223:. Retrieved 3219: 3210: 3198:. Retrieved 3196:(in Swedish) 3193: 3184: 3173: 3166: 3154:. Retrieved 3150: 3140: 3132: 3124: 3112:. Retrieved 3108: 3105:"Gustav III" 3069: 2997: 2463: 1962: 1931:three crowns 1924: 1909: 1893: 1883: 1873: 1870: 1863: 1855: 1844: 1841:Daniel Auber 1834: 1832:from 1786). 1829: 1811: 1798:Grand Master 1794:Charles XIII 1790:Södermanland 1780:He became a 1779: 1764: 1756: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1719: 1657: 1650: 1626: 1615:Daniel Théel 1611: 1605: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1562: 1558: 1557: 1540: 1520: 1491:Perpetrators 1386: 1377: 1367: 1360: 1353: 1346: 1339:"Gustav III" 1334: 1322:Please help 1317:verification 1314: 1282: 1274:Swedish Navy 1263: 1227: 1196: 1189: 1167: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1142: 1093: 1082: 1071: 1048: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1018: 1013:Pope Pius VI 1001:called the " 988: 981: 976: 971: 958: 952: 948: 944: 940: 918: 910:Kristianstad 899: 882:coup de main 880: 870: 854:Nikita Panin 847: 842: 838:roi fainéant 837: 825: 777: 765:de Vergennes 754: 742:constitution 724: 685: 654: 639: 628:Portrait of 608: 585: 560:Dithmarschen 526:, Prince of 505: 501: 465: 443:and had the 439:, created a 434: 363: 336: 297: 281:Gustavus III 280: 272: 271: 147:(1792-03-29) 72:Lorens Pasch 70:Portrait by 53: 46: 35: 32:Daniel Auber 5817:1792 deaths 5812:1746 births 5762:Carl Philip 5751:Carl Gustaf 5703:Karl August 5471:Frederick I 5460:Charles XII 5423:Zweibrücken 5421:Palatinate- 5323:Eric Trolle 5233:Christian I 5083:Mecklenburg 4963:Charles VII 4799:Anund Jacob 3719:pp. 313-314 3636:30 December 3611:30 December 3568:23 December 3324:23 December 1862:in 1859 as 1856:Il Reggente 1854:in 1843 as 1846:Gustave III 1830:Gustav Wasa 1618: [ 1548:Life Guards 1506: [ 1453:Attack type 1380:August 2018 1225:diplomacy. 1138: 1777 1091:" of 1776. 961:Gustav Vasa 843:coup d'état 665:Adolf Munck 572:Delmenhorst 498:Royal title 470:during its 414:Prince Carl 312:coup d'état 304:Charles XII 295:of Sweden. 253:Lutheranism 162:14 May 1792 105:Predecessor 100:29 May 1772 47:Gustavo III 44:opera, see 5807:Gustav III 5801:Categories 5709:Carl Johan 5560:Charles XV 5543:since 1818 5535:Bernadotte 5511:Gustav III 5455:Charles XI 5397:Charles IX 5347:Gustav (I) 5060:Eric "XII" 5045:Magnus III 5004:Knut Långe 4869:Blot-Sweyn 4789:Eric "VII" 4278:Bernadotte 4276:; and the 4207:1771–1792 4154:Gustav III 4063:Gustav III 3946:References 3681:Letter to 3225:24 October 3200:24 October 3156:24 October 3114:18 January 3026:Gustavians 1965:Botany Bay 1952:See also: 1920:Gothenburg 1914:island of 1710:Skeppsbron 1704:Gustav as 1694:See also: 1599:last words 1447:Gustav III 1350:newspapers 1152:to do so. 1146:obsequious 833:patriotism 686:Professor 669:homosexual 522:, Duke of 291:and Queen 273:Gustav III 96:Coronation 59:Gustav III 5607:Norwegian 5499:1751–1818 5490:Oldenburg 5443:1654–1751 5407:Christina 5392:Sigismund 5370:1523–1654 5170:Eric XIII 5153:Eric XIII 5143:Eric XIII 5128:1389–1523 5091:1364–1389 5065:Magnus IV 5055:Magnus IV 5033:1250–1364 5010:Eric "XI" 4998:Eric "XI" 4949:Magnus II 4828:1160–1161 4264:, of the 3969:(1911). " 3670:Bain 1911 3651:Bain 1911 3631:www.ne.se 3546:Bain 1911 3501:Bain 1911 3373:Bain 1911 2999:Anno 1790 1975:Ancestors 1912:Caribbean 1858:, and by 1782:Freemason 1696:Bollhuset 1430:Stockholm 1078:Jönköping 1022:philippic 891:Stockholm 773:Stockholm 746:Hat party 681:Charlotte 588:Stockholm 568:Oldenburg 524:Pomerania 398:Louis XVI 324:autocracy 259:Signature 135:Stockholm 115:Successor 5767:Victoria 5570:Gustaf V 5565:Oscar II 5387:John III 5382:Eric XIV 5377:Gustav I 5135:Margaret 5118:indicate 5040:Valdemar 4987:Eric "X" 4972:Boleslaw 4893:Magnus I 4262:Gustav I 3443:(1986). 2987:See also 1826:libretto 1800:for the 1751:and the 1462:shooting 1422:Location 1223:Prussian 1096:poor law 877:Sveaborg 556:Stormarn 514:and the 370:Catholic 366:Voltaire 300:nobility 249:Religion 137:, Sweden 5788:italics 5555:Oscar I 5298:John II 5120:regents 5116:Italics 4918:· 4916:Sverker 4860:Halsten 4845:Halsten 4835:Stenkil 4818:Stenkil 4145:. 1879. 4129:. 1905. 4019:3031560 3977:(ed.). 3964:: 3278:1919238 3190:"Start" 1927:airport 1895:Gustave 1880:Balloon 1839:set by 1792:(later 1777:house. 1766:Norrbro 1763:by the 1639:Funeral 1473:pistols 1468:Weapons 1364:scholar 1219:British 1205:. When 1203:Denmark 895:estates 887:Finland 885:. Once 828:Riksdag 792:Denmark 784:Potsdam 750:anarchy 734:faction 690:of the 636:in 1775 430:Riksdag 410:regency 382:torture 306:in the 195: 187: 183: 49:(Verdi) 5757:Bertil 5737:Gustaf 5698:Gustav 5671:Gustav 5098:Albert 5069:Haakon 5050:Birger 5025:Bjälbo 4992:John I 4879:Philip 4178: 4078: 4038: 4017: 3973:". In 3958: 3841: 3817: 3794: 3740:p. 465 3736: 3715: 3699:p. 149 3695: 3487: 3451: 3396: 3276: 3244:Örebro 3151:Medium 1941:and a 1939:France 1632:medium 1552:French 1483:Deaths 1475:and a 1444:Target 1366: 1359: 1352: 1345: 1337: 1199:Norway 925:Creutz 906:Scania 788:Russia 544:Norway 536:Wismar 510:, the 508:Swedes 406:sepsis 374:Jewish 343:Norway 283:, was 239:Mother 229:Father 173:Spouse 159:Burial 74:, 1777 34:, see 5730:Oscar 5716:Oscar 5615:Also 5605:Also 5599:Also 4771:Munsö 4180:Died: 4173:Born: 4015:JSTOR 3933:[ 3491:p. 61 3274:JSTOR 3179:ch 37 3062:Notes 2813:(=27) 2754:(=26) 2687:(=29) 2628:(=28) 2439:(=17) 2380:(=16) 2073:(=23) 2014:(=22) 1808:Opera 1622:] 1510:] 1477:knife 1371:JSTOR 1357:books 1290:Gävle 1201:from 995:fleet 782:, at 757:Paris 564:Count 528:Rügen 516:Vends 512:Goths 474:from 218:House 202:Issue 189:( 185: 87:Reign 5723:Carl 5692:Karl 5678:Karl 5609:and 5362:Vasa 5141:) / 4921:Eric 4104:mord 4076:ISBN 4036:ISBN 3839:ISBN 3815:ISBN 3792:ISBN 3734:ISBN 3713:ISBN 3693:ISBN 3638:2021 3613:2021 3570:2017 3485:ISBN 3449:ISBN 3394:ISBN 3326:2017 3246:1958 3227:2023 3202:2023 3158:2023 3116:2019 2930:31. 2898:15. 2872:30. 2809:29. 2777:14. 2750:28. 2683:27. 2651:13. 2624:26. 2562:25. 2530:12. 2504:24. 2435:23. 2403:11. 2376:22. 2314:21. 2282:10. 2256:20. 2190:19. 2132:18. 2069:17. 2010:16. 1886:Lyon 1820:and 1743:and 1735:and 1678:and 1436:Date 1343:news 1221:and 1108:Jews 1106:and 963:and 790:and 738:diet 675:and 598:and 576:etc. 570:and 558:and 548:Duke 546:and 540:Heir 532:Lord 530:and 459:and 447:and 416:and 384:and 372:and 277:O.S. 142:Died 129:Born 4968:Kol 4007:doi 3353:doi 3266:doi 2836:7. 2710:3. 2588:6. 2462:1. 2340:5. 2216:2. 2158:9. 2096:4. 2037:8. 1922:). 1850:by 1712:by 1326:by 1229:an 771:to 752:." 731:Cap 566:of 550:of 542:to 534:of 5803:: 5224:/ 5201:/ 5067:/ 4970:/ 4955:, 4899:, 4881:/ 4862:/ 4780:c. 4272:, 4139:. 4123:. 4013:. 4001:. 3833:, 3756:^ 3658:^ 3629:. 3604:. 3586:. 3561:. 3508:^ 3380:^ 3365:^ 3349:62 3347:. 3343:. 3315:. 3272:. 3262:23 3260:. 3218:. 3192:. 3149:. 3131:: 3107:. 3084:^ 1949:. 1876:. 1816:, 1674:, 1670:, 1620:sv 1601:: 1530:, 1508:sv 1501:, 1497:, 1471:2 1460:, 1428:, 1194:. 1135:c. 1133:, 1080:. 1005:" 927:. 845:. 775:. 606:. 574:, 562:, 554:, 538:, 518:, 494:. 191:m. 5651:e 5644:t 5637:v 5492:) 5488:( 5425:( 5342:) 5338:( 5304:) 5300:( 5287:) 5283:( 5256:) 5252:( 5239:) 5235:( 5216:) 5212:( 5193:) 5189:( 5176:) 5172:( 5159:) 5155:( 5149:) 5145:( 5137:( 4959:) 4951:( 4903:) 4895:( 4755:e 4748:t 4741:v 4244:e 4237:t 4230:v 4093:. 4084:. 4065:. 4055:. 4044:. 4021:. 4009:: 4003:6 3992:. 3845:. 3800:. 3640:. 3615:. 3590:. 3572:. 3457:. 3402:. 3355:: 3328:. 3280:. 3268:: 3229:. 3204:. 3177:. 3160:. 3118:. 1848:, 1716:. 1486:1 1393:) 1387:( 1382:) 1378:( 1368:· 1361:· 1354:· 1347:· 1320:. 867:. 721:. 51:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index