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and was married to a Polish princess, against Eric's wishes, which made him friendly with Poland. John pursued an expansionist policy in
Livonia (now Estonia and Latvia), in breach of the Arboga articles, which led to contention between the brothers. In 1563, John was seized by an army sent to
638:
After the Sture homicides, John was imprisoned and Eric's conflict with the nobility came to its climax. Early in 1568, Eric seemed to recover his reason, and attempted to reconcile with John on the condition that the latter recognized Eric's marriage with
689:. A document signed by his brother, John III of Sweden, and a nobleman, Bengt Bengtsson Gylta (1514–74), gave Eric's guards in his last prison authorization to poison him if anyone tried to release him. His body was later
647:
pronounced Prince-royal. However, in the fall of 1568, asserting Eric's insanity, the dukes and the nobles rebelled, and after some resistance, Eric was imprisoned by his brother Duke John, who took power on 30 September.
652:
was assigned much of the blame for the actions directed against the nobility during Eric XIV's reign and was executed shortly after John III had incarcerated Eric, who was legally dethroned in
January 1569 by the
386:
While he has been regarded as intelligent and artistically skilled, as well as politically ambitious, early in his reign he showed signs of mental instability, a condition that eventually led to
525:, in their respective provinces. He was crowned as Eric XIV, but was not necessarily the 14th king of Sweden named Eric. He and his brother Charles adopted regnal numbers according to
677:– with the object of releasing and reinstating him, had to be suppressed, and Eric was held as a prisoner in many different castles in both Sweden and Finland. He died in prison in
455:, and seems to have been appreciated by both. Eric was very successful in foreign languages and mathematics. He was also an informed historian, a good writer and familiar with
513:
The news of his father's death reached Eric as he was on the point of embarking for
England to press his suit for the hand of Queen Elizabeth. Back in Stockholm he summoned a
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From 1563 onwards, his insanity became pronounced; his rule became even more arbitrary and marked by violence. His suspicion of the nobility led him to suspicions of the
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544:(1530–68), who had narrowly escaped execution under Eric's father. Persson was also opposed to the nobility and a determined opponent of Eric's half-brother, later
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on 15 April 1561. There he adopted the royal propositions known as the "Arboga articles", considerably curtailing the authority of the royal dukes, John and
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and pursued her for several years. Tensions between Eric and his father grew. Eric also made unsuccessful marriage proposals to, among others,
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Eric, having been imprisoned and deposed, was most likely murdered. An examination of his remains in 1958 confirmed that he probably died of
533:. There had, however, been at least six earlier Swedish kings with the name of Eric, as well as pretenders about whom very little is known.
2650:
1065:
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584:(1563–70), during which he successfully repelled most Danish-Norwegian attempts at conquest, but was unable to keep his own acquisitions.
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390:. Some scholars claim that his illness began early during his reign, while others believe that it first manifested with the
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and in 1567, on Nils's return and suspicious of high treason, he killed several members of the family in the so-called
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Unlike his father, who had been satisfied with ruling an independent state, Eric tried to expand his influence in the
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478:). In 1557, Eric was assigned the fiefdoms of Kalmar, Kronoberg and Ă–land. He took up residence in the city of
2134:, the adoptive heirs of the House of Holstein-Gottorp, who were adoptive heirs of the Palatinate-ZweibrĂĽckens.
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For the next eight years the ex-king was a source of anxiety to the new government. Three rebellions – the
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470:) and after the meeting of parliament in Stockholm in 1560, he received the title of "hereditary king" (
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Almgren, H. Löwgren, A och
Bergström, B. (2007) Alla Tiders Historia Gleerups Utbildning AB p. 117.
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Dahlström, G och Swahn, J-Ö (red). (1984) Bra Böckers
Lexikon Bra Böcker AB. Book nr 7. p. 76
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825:. The love story of Eric XIV and Karin MĂĄnsdotter is the subject of a 1942 historical novel
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Against his father's wishes, Eric entered into marriage negotiations with the future
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790:(1566–1633; born before the marriage), lady-in-waiting, wife of two noblemen.
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in 1568 and formally deposed 26 January 1569. Eric XIV was the eldest son of
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1078:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 738–739.
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When Eric started to appear in public, he was referred to as "chosen king" (
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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from 1560 until he was captured in a rebellion led by his brother
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of treason, but commuted the sentence and instead sent Nils to
572:(1534–88). Most of Eric XIV's reign was then dominated by the
31:
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From the start of his reign, Eric was in opposition to the
451:(1500–67). Dionysius taught both Eric and his half-brother
359:; 13 December 1533 – 26 February 1577) was
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Not
Swedish prince by birth, but created prince of Sweden
693:
and modern forensic analysis revealed evidence of lethal
417:, to further the negotiations regarding the marriage. By
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Eric XIV had several relationships before his marriage.
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King John II Casimir of Poland, Grand Duke of
Lithuania
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618:. However, Eric had determined to marry his mistress
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King Władysław IV of Poland, Grand Duke of
Lithuania
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819:(1849–1912), which was later adapted into a film,
763:Lucretia Eriksdotter (1564–after 1574) died young.
783:(1550–1612) on 4 July 1568; their children were:
796:(1568–1607; born before the marriage), mercenary
2231:John Albert, Prince-Bishop of Warmia and KrakĂłw
811:The life of Eric XIV is the subject of an 1899
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8:
2315:Prince Frederick Adolf, Duke of Östergötland
440:Eric's first teacher was the learned German
2198:Prince Charles Philip, Duke of Södermanland
857:List of Finnish monarchs and Heads of State
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2573:Lost his title due to an unequal marriage
2481:Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten
681:. According to a tradition starting with
82:Learn how and when to remove this message
731:
709:Karin MĂĄnsdotter as drawn by her husband
685:, his final meal was a poisoned bowl of
586:
45:This article includes a list of general
2636:People of the Northern Seven Years' War
2414:Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland
2236:Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Opole
878:
2631:Royalty and nobility with disabilities
2114:The generations indicate descent from
886:Andersson, Ingvar (1953). "Erik XIV".
381:placed itself under Swedish protection
7:
2538:Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland
2533:Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland
2455:Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland
993:
960:
2569:Also prince of Poland and Lithuania
2362:Crown Prince Gustav, Prince of Vasa
2336:Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of SmĂĄland
2157:Prince Magnus, Duke of Östergötland
437:(1516–1551), a Swedish noblewoman.
2496:Prince Carl Johan, Duke of Dalarna
2429:Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland
775:An unnamed child, died April 1565.
375:(1513–1535). He was also ruler of
51:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2465:Prince Carl, Duke of Östergötland
2188:Prince John, Duke of Östergötland
2460:Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland
2124:Houses of Palatinate-ZweibrĂĽcken
1048:
896:from the original on 4 June 2023
341:Image of King Eric on a wall of
327:
36:
27:King of Sweden from 1560 to 1569
2501:Prince Lennart, Duke of SmĂĄland
2486:Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland
1090:Biography of Eric XIV of Sweden
760:(1560–1649; living descendants)
754:(1559–1633; living descendants)
235:
2626:16th-century murdered monarchs
2491:Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland
2398:Prince August, Duke of Dalarna
2388:Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland
570:Frederick II of Denmark-Norway
540:. He chose as a close adviser
267:Constantia, "Queen of Tividen"
1:
2611:16th-century Swedish monarchs
2424:Prince Oscar, Duke of Gotland
1226:
867:History of Sweden (1523–1611)
578:Scandinavian Seven Years' War
2122:, and continues through the
1404:descendant of Inge the Elder
1348:descendant of Inge the Elder
487:Queen Elizabeth I of England
415:Queen Elizabeth I of England
2651:Deaths by arsenic poisoning
2554:Prince Oscar, Duke of SkĂĄne
2434:Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke
2341:Crown Prince Charles August
1645:Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
373:Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg
308:Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg
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1715:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
1668:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
1651:Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
889:Svenskt biografisk lexikon
189:26 February 1577 (aged 43)
2641:People murdered in Sweden
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1013:Wahlström & Widstrand
779:Eric XIV finally married
101:
2226:Prince Alexander Charles
2183:Gustav, Prince of Uglich
941:, XS4All, archived from
852:List of Swedish monarchs
736:One of King Eric's coins
626:, Eric himself stabbing
548:(1537–92). John was the
1103:The American Cyclopædia
1075:Encyclopædia Britannica
602:family, then headed by
553:Finland, and tried for
66:more precise citations.
1777:Sten Sture the Younger
1708:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)
1691:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)
1634:Christopher of Bavaria
1111:Vasa - Adelsvapen-Wiki
815:by Swedish playwright
807:Eric XIV in literature
758:Constantia Eriksdotter
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701:Family and descendants
661:Imprisonment and death
595:
591:Eric's sarcophagus in
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2616:People from Stockholm
2565:Also prince of Norway
2346:King Charles XIV John
735:
716:
708:
628:Nils Svantesson Sture
604:Svante Stensson Sture
590:
529:'s partly fictitious
435:Margaret Leijonhufvud
425:Eric XIV was born at
419:Steven van der Meulen
412:
340:
2517:King Carl XVI Gustaf
2450:King Gustaf VI Adolf
2331:King Gustav IV Adolf
2289:King Adolf Frederick
2193:King Gustav II Adolf
1756:Sten Sture the Elder
1739:Sten Sture the Elder
1638:House of Wittelsbach
752:Virginia Eriksdotter
491:Mary, Queen of Scots
261:Virginia Eriksdotter
1429:Sverker the Younger
1062:Bain, Robert Nisbet
728:'s painting of 1871
449:Dionysius Beurraeus
128:29 September 1560 –
2606:Dethroned monarchs
1787:House of Oldenburg
1749:House of Oldenburg
1722:Erik Axelsson Tott
1684:House of Oldenburg
1674:Erik Axelsson Tott
1586:House of Estridsen
1400:House of Estridsen
1390:Eric "IX" the Holy
1344:House of Estridsen
1335:Ragnvald Knaphövde
1210:Monarchs of Sweden
945:on 27 October 2009
938:Eric XIV biography
769:Karin Jacobsdotter
738:
730:
711:
683:Johannes Messenius
596:
593:Västerås Cathedral
546:John III of Sweden
503:Christine of Hesse
495:Renata of Lorraine
423:
346:
298:Gustav I of Sweden
210:Västerås Cathedral
2583:
2582:
2310:King Charles XIII
2072:
2071:
2048:Norwegian monarch
2043:Lineage uncertain
2035:
2034:
1976:
1975:
1927:
1926:
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1621:House of Griffins
1604:House of Griffins
1594:House of Griffins
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1384:Sverker the Elder
1357:
1356:
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1273:c. 1060 – c. 1130
1259:
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1177:
1176:
1168:Succeeded by
1097:"Eric XIV."
1023:pp. 263 & 265
862:History of Sweden
817:August Strindberg
695:arsenic poisoning
557:by Eric's order.
531:history of Sweden
427:Tre Kronor Castle
413:Portrait sent to
399:arsenic poisoning
335:
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175:Tre Kronor Castle
110:Domenicus Verwilt
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16:(Redirected from
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2268:King Charles XII
2178:King Sigismund I
2128:Holstein-Gottorp
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822:Karin MĂĄnsdotter
802:Arnold (1572–73)
799:Henrik (1570–74)
781:Karin MĂĄnsdotter
718:Karin MĂĄnsdotter
641:Karin MĂĄnsdotter
620:Karin MĂĄnsdotter
538:Swedish nobility
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371:(1496–1560) and
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172:13 December 1533
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1963:Gustav IV Adolf
1953:Adolf Frederick
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527:Johannes Magnus
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2209:3rd generation
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2195:
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2174:
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2171:2nd generation
2168:
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2140:1st generation
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1763:Svante Nilsson
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1732:House of Bonde
1725:
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1701:House of Bonde
1694:
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1677:
1664:
1661:House of Bonde
1654:
1641:
1631:
1628:Charles (VIII)
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1377:c. 1130 – 1250
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1337:
1332:
1323:
1321:Inge the Elder
1318:
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1161:King of Sweden
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1146:Regnal titles
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1108:
1092:
1085:
1084:External links
1082:
1081:
1080:
1070:Chisholm, Hugh
1042:
1041:
1025:
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996:, p. 739.
983:
974:
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679:Ă–rbyhus Castle
662:
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582:Denmark-Norway
510:
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499:Anna of Saxony
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361:King of Sweden
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2646:Sons of kings
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2621:House of Vasa
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2120:House of Vasa
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1302:HĂĄkan the Red
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1297:Anund GĂĄrdske
1295:
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1287:Eric and Eric
1285:
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1251:Emund the Old
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1229:970 – c. 1060
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1057:public domain
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1021:91-46-13566-9
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468:utvald konung
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72:November 2019
65:
61:
55:
54:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
18:King Erik XIV
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2367:King Oscar I
2146:
1968:Charles XIII
1916:
1880:Hesse-Kassel
1878:
1874:Wittelsbach)
1828:
1792:
1783:Christian II
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1737:
1728:Charles VIII
1720:
1713:
1706:
1697:Charles VIII
1689:
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1657:Charles VIII
1649:
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1609:
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1559:Kalmar Union
1455:
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1137:
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1101:
1073:
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1001:
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968:
943:the original
937:
931:
915:
910:
898:. Retrieved
888:
881:
840:Mika Waltari
827:
820:
810:
778:
766:
742:
739:
664:
637:
597:
574:Livonian War
559:
555:high treason
535:
512:
484:
461:
442:Georg Norman
439:
424:
396:
385:
348:
347:
265:
259:
251:
206:1 April 1577
140:29 June 1561
130:January 1569
108:Portrait by
78:
69:
50:
29:
2601:1577 deaths
2596:1533 births
1918:Frederick I
1907:Charles XII
1870:ZweibrĂĽcken
1868:Palatinate-
1770:Eric Trolle
1680:Christian I
1530:Mecklenburg
1410:Charles VII
1246:Anund Jacob
832: [
671:Mornay Plot
431:Gustav Vasa
405:Early years
379:, after it
145:Predecessor
64:introducing
2590:Categories
2132:Bernadotte
2130:; and the
2007:Charles XV
1990:since 1818
1982:Bernadotte
1958:Gustav III
1902:Charles XI
1844:Charles IX
1794:Gustav (I)
1507:Eric "XII"
1492:Magnus III
1451:Knut LĂĄnge
1316:Blot-Sweyn
1236:Eric "VII"
1165:1560–1569
873:References
433:, married
136:Coronation
47:references
2118:, of the
2054:Norwegian
1946:1751–1818
1937:Oldenburg
1890:1654–1751
1854:Christina
1839:Sigismund
1817:1523–1654
1617:Eric XIII
1600:Eric XIII
1590:Eric XIII
1575:1389–1523
1538:1364–1389
1512:Magnus IV
1502:Magnus IV
1480:1250–1364
1457:Eric "XI"
1445:Eric "XI"
1396:Magnus II
1275:1160–1161
1066:Eric XIV.
1064:(1911). "
994:Bain 1911
961:Bain 1911
916:Johan III
675:1576 Plot
667:1569 Plot
476:arvkonung
457:astrology
446:Calvinist
383:in 1561.
324:Signature
179:Stockholm
155:Successor
2116:Gustav I
2017:Gustaf V
2012:Oscar II
1834:John III
1829:Eric XIV
1824:Gustav I
1582:Margaret
1565:indicate
1487:Valdemar
1434:Eric "X"
1419:Boleslaw
1340:Magnus I
1171:John III
1154:Gustav I
1120:Eric XIV
1010:Erik XIV
926:, p. 109
894:Archived
846:See also
687:pea soup
673:and the
634:Downfall
612:Lorraine
580:against
576:and the
388:insanity
369:Gustav I
357:Erik XIV
349:Eric XIV
318:Lutheran
314:Religion
214:Västerås
198:, Sweden
181:, Sweden
159:John III
149:Gustav I
97:Eric XIV
2002:Oscar I
1745:John II
1567:regents
1563:Italics
1365:·
1363:Sverker
1307:Halsten
1292:Halsten
1282:Stenkil
1265:Stenkil
1106:. 1879.
1072:(ed.).
1059::
691:exhumed
655:Riksdag
566:Estonia
564:and in
523:Charles
515:Riksdag
472:Swedish
464:Swedish
377:Estonia
353:Swedish
253:more...
240:
232:
196:Ă–rbyhus
60:improve
1545:Albert
1516:Haakon
1497:Birger
1472:Bjälbo
1439:John I
1326:Philip
1136:
1068:". In
1053:
1039:p. 239
1019:
922:
900:6 June
794:Gustaf
788:Sigrid
669:, the
645:Gustav
616:Renata
519:Arboga
480:Kalmar
304:Mother
294:Father
221:Spouse
203:Burial
112:, 1561
49:, but
2062:Also
2052:Also
2046:Also
1218:Munsö
1138:Died:
1131:Born:
1015:1979
836:]
767:With
743:With
724:, in
600:Sture
283:House
247:Issue
234:(
230:
125:Reign
2056:and
1809:Vasa
1588:) /
1368:Eric
1017:ISBN
920:ISBN
902:2023
813:play
608:Nils
509:Rule
453:John
421:1561
365:John
288:Vasa
186:Died
169:Born
1415:Kol
1035:in
1008:in
838:by
2592::
2126:,
1671:/
1648:/
1514:/
1417:/
1402:,
1346:,
1328:/
1309:/
1227:c.
1100:.
986:^
951:^
918:,
892:.
842:.
834:fi
771::
747::
697:.
657:.
482:.
474::
466::
459:.
401:.
394:.
355::
236:m.
212:,
194:,
177:,
2098:e
2091:t
2084:v
1939:)
1935:(
1872:(
1789:)
1785:(
1751:)
1747:(
1734:)
1730:(
1703:)
1699:(
1686:)
1682:(
1663:)
1659:(
1640:)
1636:(
1623:)
1619:(
1606:)
1602:(
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1592:(
1584:(
1406:)
1398:(
1350:)
1342:(
1202:e
1195:t
1188:v
904:.
351:(
85:)
79:(
74:)
70:(
56:.
20:)
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